初中定语从句语法汇总[五篇范文]

第一篇：初中定语从句语法汇总

初中定语从句语法汇总

一、定语从句的基本概念：

定语从句即在句中有一个具有主谓结构的完整的句子来充当定语，修饰前面的名词短语或者代词。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party？

I still remember the night when I first came to the village.This is the place where Lily once lived.二、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

三、关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词可以做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。

1.关系代词：主要有that, which, who, whom, whose等，它们在句子中可用作主语（如that, which, who等）、宾语（如that, which, whom等）和定语（如which, whose）。例句：I found the book which I was looking for.我找到了我要找的书。（做宾语）

She is the woman whose car was stolen.她就是汽车被盗的那个女人。（做定语）She is the woman whom I gave the money to.她就是我给她钱的那位妇女。（做宾语）Is he the man that sells dogs? 他就是卖狗的人吗?（做主语）She is the girl who won the prize.她就是获奖的姑娘。（做主语）

注意：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。2.关系副词：主要有where, when, why等，它们在句子中主要用作状语。（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

四、关系代词的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）

注意：关系词只能用that，不能用which的情况：

a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

例：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

d.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that 例：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。注意：关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况： a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例：What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例：This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例：Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

3、who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。

例：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）

Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语，可省略）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。

例：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例：his is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。

（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

五、关系副词的用法

1、When的用法：

关系副词when在定语从句中用作状语，表示时间，用以修饰表示时间的先行词；在许多情况下可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含义与搭配来确定。例：1988 was the year when he was born.1988是他的出生年。

句子分析：句中的when he was born为修饰the year的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于in which。表示在某一年，英语习惯上用介词in，如in 1988, in 2008等，所以此处用in which。

例：I’ll never forget the day when I first met you.我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。句子分析：句中的when I first met you为修饰the day的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于on which。表示在某一天，英语习惯上用介词on，如on that day, on Friday等，所以此处用on which。

例：Don’t forget the time when the wedding will start.不要忘记婚礼开始的时间。句子分析：句中的when the wedding will start为修饰the time的定语从句，关系副词when在此相当于at which。表示在某一时刻，英语习惯上用介词at，如at that time, at the moment等，所以此处用at which。

2、where的用法：

关系副词where在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示地点，用以修饰表示地点的先行词；在许多情况下也可以理解为“介词+which”的意思(which的意思与先行词所表示的意思等价)，其中的“介词”通常应根据先行词的含与搭配来确定。

例：What is the name of the town where you live? 你住的那个城市叫什么名字? 句子分析：句中的where you live为修饰the town的定语从句，关系副词where在此相当于in which。表示住在某城市，英语习惯上说 live in a city，所以此处用 in which。例：This cross marks the spot where she died.这个十字符号标明她死去的地点。句子分析：句中的 where she died 为修饰 the spot 的定语从句，关系副词 where 在此相当于 at which。表示在某一地点，英语习惯上说 at a spot，所以此处用 at which。

3、why的用法：

关系副词why在定语从句中也是用作状语，表示原因；why引导定语从句时，其先行词只有一个，那就是the reason；在许多情况下why也可以理解为for which。例：These are the reasons why we do it.这些就是我们这样做的理由。

句子分析：句中的why we do it为修饰the reason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相当于for which。

例：Do you know the reason why she doesn’t like me? 你知道她不喜欢我的原因吗? 句子分析：句中的why she doesn’t like me为修饰the reason的定语从句，关系副词why在此相当于for which。

why是一个比较特殊的关系副词，它引导定语从句时，除可换成for which外，有时也可换成that，甚至省略。如：

他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。

正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.正：The main reason for which he lost his job was that he drank.正：The main reason that he lost his job was that he drank.正：The main reason he lost his job was that he drank.

第二篇：初中定语从句

定语从句

一.定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：

Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate？ Mr Lee(whom)you want to see has come.3.whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如： I’ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.三.关系代词 whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.四.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：

1.只能使用that,不用which 的情况：

(1)先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：

All that he said is true.(2)先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：

He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second(person)that told me the secret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。

This is the best book(that)I have read this year.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：

He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2.只能用which，不用that 的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.一.单项填空

1.---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?

---Oh!It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.which 2.I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.A.who B.which C.they D.where 3.The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.A.which B.when C.who D.whom 4.The moon is a world ______ there is no life.A.that B.which C.where D.why 5.He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.A.when B.where C.that D.which 6.Mr.White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A.who B.that C.whose D.which 7.He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.A.that B.which C.when D.where 8.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.A.that B.which C.when D.where

第三篇：初中定语从句

定语从句

定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词句子，它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如 I know the girl who is sitting under the tree.我认识那个正坐在树下的女孩。↓ ↘引导词 ↓

先行词 从句(定语从句)This is the most interesting book that he has ever read.这是他所读过的书中最有趣的一本。↓ ↘引导词 ↓

先行词 从句(定语从句)考点1：先行词是人时引导词的选用

(1).先行词是人，引导词后紧跟动词时用who或that.如：

Here comes the man who(that)wants to see you.想见你的那个人来了。(先行词是the man, 引导词后紧跟动词wants, 故引导词用who / that)(2).先行词是人，引导词后紧跟的不是动词时要用who, whom, that.如： This is the person whom(who, that)you are looking for.这正是你要找的人。

(先行词是the person, 引导词后紧跟的是you, 不是动词, 故引导词可用who / whom / that)考点2：先行词是物时引导词的选用

(1).先行词是物时，一般情况下引导词可以用which或that.如：

Mary like music that(which)is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢安静柔和的音乐。(先行词是music, 引导词可用which / that)The film which(that)we saw last night was very interesting.我们昨晚看的电影非常有趣。(先行词是film, 引导词可用which / that)。

Have you written down everything that Mr.Lin has said? 你写下林先生所说的每样东西了吗？ All that can be done has been done.能做的所有事情都己经做了。There is little that I can do for you.我能为你做的事几乎没有了。

②.当先行词由以下词修饰时，引导词只用that.这些词有：only, very, the same, the last, all, any, some, no, little, few等。如：

That is the very dress that I want to buy.那正是我要买的裙子。English is the only subject that I like.英语是我唯一喜欢的科目。Cleaning the room again is the last thing that I can do for you.再次打扫房间是我能为你做的最后一事。

③.当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，引导词只用that.This is the fifth school that I have taught so far.这是我目前为止教过的第5所学校。Mr.Li’s class is the most interesting one that I have ever had.李老师的课是我上过的最有趣的课。

④.当先行词有人又有物时，只能用that。如：

Can you remember the writer and his books that we have reported? 拓展知识 考点3：先行词是时间，地点，原因时引导词的选用

(1).先行词是时间, 地点，原因并在从句中作状语时, 引导词分别用when, where, why, 也可以用介词+which结构。如：

I wanted to know the day when he was born.=I wanted to know the day on which he was born.我想知道他出生在哪一天。

He still loved the school where we studied together two years ago.=He still loved the school in which we studied together two years ago.他仍然爱那所我们两年前一起读书的学校。

Do you know the reason why he was late for school? 你知道他迟到的原因吗？(2).先行词是时间, 地点并在从句中作主语或宾语时, 引导词用which或者that。如： I remember the days which(that)we spent on the farm.我记得我们在农场渡过的日子。Lu Ming studies in the school which(that)was built 1 years ago.卢明在一所1年前建好的学校里读书。

考点4：引导词前有介词时，先行词是人,引导词只能用whom, 先行词是事物时，引导词只用which。如：

This is the friend to whom I talk a lot.这是跟我谈话很多的朋友。

Jacky stayed in the room in which Lu Xun once lived.杰克呆在那个鲁迅曾经住过的房间。

考点5：先行词是代词时，先判断其指代人还是指代物，再决定用哪个引导词。如： I don’t like those who talk much but do little.我不喜欢说得多做得少的人。The sleeping tigers are bigger than those which are trained there.这睡着的老虎们比那些被训练的大。宾 语 从 句

宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。如：

Rose said she would visit us sometime next week.露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。↓ ↓

主句 从句(宾语从句)Could you tell me where he is from? 你能告诉我他来自哪里吗？ ↓ ↓ 主句 从句(宾语从句)考点1：引导词的选用(1).陈述句的引导词用that，常可省略。

I am going to meet my net friends in Guangzhou.He said.→He said that he was going to meet his net friends in Guangzhou.他说他将要在广州见他的网友。

(2).一般疑问句的引导词用if/ whether(是否)。（后有or 时只用whether）Would you like to play basketball with me? He asked me.→He asked me if/whether I would like to play basketball with him.他问我是否会和他去打篮球。Is it a fast train or a slowly one? I wanted to know.→I wanted to know whether it was a fast train or a slowly one.我想知道这是快车还是慢车。

(3).特殊疑问句的引导词用特殊疑问词。How old are you? They want to know.→They want to know how old you are.他们想知道你多大年纪了。What are you going to do this afternoon? He asked me.→He asked me what I was going to do this afternoon.他问我今天下午要做什么。考点2：语序(宾语从句中从句要用陈述句语序，即从句中的第1助动词在主语之后）He asked Jane: “Why don’t you come”? 疑问语序(第1助动词don’t 在主语you之前)He asked Jane why she didn’t come last night.陈述语序(第1助动词didn’t 在主语you之后)Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。特殊：①.What’s wrong with „在宾语从句中不变语序。如： I want to know what’s wrong with you.我想知道你怎么啦。②.引导词在从句中做主语时，语序不变。如： Jack asked me who would give us the lecture this afternoon.杰克问我谁今天下午会给我们做报告。

(who 是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词would give的主语，本身己是陈述语序，不需再变。)考点3：时态（主句从句在时态上要一致）

(1).主句是现在时(一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时)，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。

“John speaks highly of you.‖ Tom tells me.→Tom tells me that John speaks highly of me.汤姆告诉我约翰高度评价我。(主句用tells, 是一般现在时，从句原时态是speaks,在这里还是用speaks)He asked Jane why she didn’t come last night.陈述语序(第1助动词didn’t 在主语you之后)Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。

(2).主句是过去时(一般过去时，过去进行时)，从句只用过去某种相应时态。“When shall we have the meeting?” The boy asked.→The boy asked when they should have the meeting.男孩问他们应该什么时候开会。(主句用asked，是一般过去时，从句用相应的某种过去时，这里shall→should)(3).从句表示客观真理或事实时，主句即使用过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时。“The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher told the students.→The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun.老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳走。

(主句用told, 为一般过去时，但从句中the earth goes around the sun是客观事实，所以时态还用一般现在时，不用变)Jim asked me whether the light travels faster than the sound.考点4：宾语从句答题技巧(逐步排除法)先用语序判断，再用时态求证，如有需要再用引导词及意思去决定)如：

()–Everyone wanted to know _______________ yesterday.Could you tell us, Ann? – By bus, of course.It was too far away.A.how old are you B.where you will go C.how you went there D.why you were late 先从语序判断，把A给排除了，再用时态去求证，主句用wanted，是一般过去时，从句该用过去的某种时态，从这一点考虑，把B给排除了，用引导词及意思判断，她的答语是By bus.故意思符合的只有答案C啦。2015年中考英语单项选择题汇编（宾语从句）20.－Excuse me, can you tell me _____? －At about 8 o’clock.（2015安顺）A.what time the plane arrive in Beijing B.what time the plane will arrive Beijing C.what time the plane will reach Beijing D.what time will the plane get to Beijing 参考答案：C 10.－Could you tell me _____ the Dragon Boat Festival in China? －Sure.People usually watch the dragon boat races and eat zongzi.（2015长沙）A.when do people celebrate B.why people celebrate C.how people celebrate 参考答案：C 5.－Do you know _____? －Yes.It’s on your table.（2015三亚）A.where my dictionary is B.where is my dictionary C.when I bought my dictionary 参考答案：A 17.－Do you know _____? －For a month.（2015天津）A.how long will she be away B.how long she will be away C.how often will she go there D.how often she will go there 参考答案：B 10.－I wonder _____.－Yes, of course.（2015德州）A.where we can buy the parts B.how often you hear form your sister C.if I may have a word with you D.why he arrived late yesterday 参考答案：C 15.一Excuse me, Miss Chen, could you tell me _____? —It is short for the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.（2015福州）

A.what the Belt and Road meant B.what does the Belt and Road mean C.what the Belt and Road means 参考答案：C 10.Could you tell me _____ a moment ago?（2015广州）A.what were they talking about B.what are they talking about C.what they were talking about D.what they are talking about 参考答案：C 11.－Will Tony go skiing with us this Saturday? －Sorry, I don’t know if he _____.But I know he _____ interest in sports.（2015克拉玛依）A.will go;is B.goes;is C.goes;has no D.will go;has no 参考答案：D 10.－Do you know _____? －Sorry, I don’t know.（2015娄底）A.how old is he B.how old he is C.how old does he 参考答案：B 9.－Could you please tell me _____? －About twenty minutes ago.（2015呼和浩特）A.when did you see this kid B.where did you see this kid C.when you saw this kid D.where you saw this kid 参考答案：C 5.This morning my mother asked me _____.（2015克拉玛依）A.why he is not here B.where Julia went last weekend C.what time is it D.how did my brother do it 参考答案：B 8.－Did you have a good time in Jining? －Come and have a look.My photos will show you _____.（2015济宁）A.how was the trip B.why did we go there C.how we went there D.what the trip was like 参考答案：D 12.－Excuse me, could you tell me _____? －In five minutes.（2015苏州）A.how soon will the film begin B.how soon the film will begin C.how long the film has been on D.how long has the film been on 参考答案：B 9.－Ms.Perry, can you tell me _____? －Africa.（2015温州）

A.what the baby giraffe likes eating B.why the baby giraffe looks unhappy C.when the baby giraffe was born D.where the baby giraffe came from 参考答案：D 16.－Mr.Wang, can you tell me _____? －http://www.xiexiebang.com will help you.（2015武威）A.what I can do to help you B.where can I get my score for this examination C.why I need some help D.where I can search for the information about education in our province 参考答案：D 15.－Can you tell me _____? －Sure.He lives on Center Street.（2015襄阳）A.where does he live B.where he lives C.why he lives there D.what does he do 参考答案：B 15.I don’t know _____.（2015益阳）A.where she comes from B.how old is she C.when was she born 参考答案：A 19.－I’d like to know _____.－Maybe in the forest.（2015重庆A/C卷）A.whether we will go camping B.where we will go camping C.whether will we go camping D.where will we go camping 参考答案：B 20.－Your book is very interesting.Could you tell me _____? －In Xinhua Bookstore next to our school.（2015重庆B卷）A.where did you buy it B.why did you buy it C.where you bought it D.why you bought it 参考答案：C 2015年中考英语单项选择题汇编（定语从句）

8.The photo _____ taken by my brother last week is very nice.（2015呼和浩特）A.which were B.that is C.that were D.which was 参考答案：D 3.The woman _____ is the most important in my life is my mother.（2015杭州）A.which B.who C.whom D.what 参考答案：B 5.The stories _____ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous.（2015广州）A.that B.those C.who D.what 参考答案：A 14.—Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.—Yes.It seems to be the best way of communication _____ people like.（2015福州）A.that B.which C.who 参考答案：A 6.Everyone _____ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.（2015德州）A.why B.whose C.who D.which 参考答案：C 19.I think the first lesson _____ we are learning is very easy.（2015安顺）A.that B.where C.who D.when 参考答案：A 12.－Why are you so worried? －I’ve lost the watch _____ my dad bought me on my birthday.（2015泰安）A.whom B.who C.whose D.which 参考答案：D 15.We don’t like people _____ talk too much but never do anything.（2015克拉玛依）A.whose B.who C.when D.which 参考答案：B 3.A friend is someone _____ says, ―What!You too? I thought I was the only one!‖（2015武威）A.who B.which C.what D.whose 参考答案：A 14.This is the book _____ tells many English stories.（2015自贡）A.what B.which C.who 参考答案：B 定语从句+宾语从句练习

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.where C.what D.in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayed C.where they stayed at D.where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A.which B.that C.when D.on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.A.where B.that C.which D.there 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.He asked ________ for the violin.A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid 10Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see __________.A.who he is B.who is he C.who is it D.who it is 11.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose 12.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which 13.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _________ he had done the day before.A.that B.how C.where D.what 14.These wild flowers are so special I would do _________ I can to save them, A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever 15.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A.which B.that C.whom D.what 16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _________ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 17.Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _________ will happen to her private life.A.that B.what C.it D.this 18.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who 19.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that 20.She never doubts __________ I can do such a foolish thing.If B.that C.when D.whether 21.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when 22.They believe that land did not belong to people but _________ people belong to land.A.that B.when C.where D.how 23.I am doubtful _________ he is still alive.A.that B.whether C.what D.when 24.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A.in which B.with which C.that D.for which 25.You can’t imagine _____________.A.what did we have awful weather B.what weather awful we have C.what awful weather we did have D.what awful weather had we 26.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A.why;that B.that;why C.for that;that D.for which;what 27.---What did the teacher say to you just now?---She asked me __________.A.whether or not I finished my homework B.did I finish my work or not C.is my work finished or not D.if or not I have finish my work 28.No one could understand __________.A.that he was talking about B.what he was talking about C.he was talking about D.which he was talking 29.Who doubts __________ it is true? A.that B.if C.which D.what 30.From __________ I know of him I should say that he is reliable.A.what C.that C.how D.that which 31.---Did you ask the guard _______ happened?---Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A.what;that B.what;what C.which;which D.that;that 32.She want to know _________ child it was on the grass.A.who B.that C.what D.whose 33.The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A.owns;are B.owns;is C.own;is D.own;are 34.Do you want to try on these shoes to see ________ they’re the right size? A.as B.so C.that D.if 35.There is a nice-looking car there.Peter wonders _________.A.it belongs to who B.whom does it belong to C.whom it belongs to D.who does it belong 36.Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it 37.The young couple was worried because neither of them was aware ________ they had lost the necklace.A.the place B.where C.which D.that 38.Could you please tell me __________? A.that the nearest post-office is located B.where is the nearest post office located C.where the nearest post office is located D.that is the nearest post office located 39.How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely on _________ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.A.what B.who C.how D.why 40.Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that’s ____ he succeeds.A.what B.when C.why D.where 41.Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie.It’s about ______.A.how did Alice end the Red Queen's reign of terror（恐怖统治）B.what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror C.how Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror D.what Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror 42.I want to know ________.A.when we should arrive at the airport B.when should we arrive at the airport C.when the airport we should arrive at D.when the airport should we arrive at 43.-What time will Mr.Brown be back to China?-Sorry.I don’t know ________.A.when did he go abroad B.why he is going abroad C.how soon will he be back D.how long he will stay abroad 44.The teacher asked the students __________.A.if they were interested in dinosaurs B.when was Albert Einstein born C.what they will do with the computers D.how many trees they have planted

第四篇：初中定语从句

七．定语从句

一.定语从句的概念

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二.引导定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三.定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四.关系代词的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）

3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？

正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意：

（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，whom，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如： This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如： This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。

（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

（4）关系词只能用that的情况：

a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代词指物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？

你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？

c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying？

正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which，例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如： What’s that which is under the desk？

在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

b.关系代词前有介词时，which，而不用that.例如： This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指事物时，用which，而不用that，例如： Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五.关系副词的用法

1.when指时间，其先行词表示时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语。例如：

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

2.where指地点，其先行词表示地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语。例如： This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

3.why 指原因，其先行词是原因，why在定语从句中做原因状语。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

八．时间、条件、原因状语从句

状语从句指在句子中用作状语的从句。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等九种状语从句。

初中阶段，我们学习的状语从句主要有时间状语从句、条件状语从句和原因状语从句，今天我们就来学习以下这三种状语从句。一.时间状语从句

主要连词：when、while、as、as soon as（一......就......）、before、after、since等。

【注意1】时间状语从句要符合“主将从现”的原则：即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。例如：

I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。

I will give you a call when I arrive at London.我到伦敦后会给你打电话。

【注意2】since 的用法： since引导的时间状语从句必须是一般过去时，其主句必须时现在完成时。例如：

Since I came to Beijing, I have lived here.自从我来到北京，我一直住在这里。

【注意3】while 引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词必须时持续的;when 引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词可以持续也可以不持续。例如：

While I was away last summer, my dog was taken good care of.我去年夏天离开的那段日子里，我的狗被照顾的很好。

When I lived in that small village，I often went to play in the field.当我住在那个小山村的时候，我经常去地里玩耍。

When the film ended，all the people began to go out of the cinema.电影结束后，所有的人都开始走出电影院。二.条件状语从句

主要连词：if, unless（除非=if...not...）, as long as（只要）等。【注意】条件状语从句要符合“主将从现”的原则：即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。例如：

If it is fine tomorrow，we will have a picnic outdoors.如果明天天气好，我们会在户外野餐。

Unless you work hard, you won't succeed.（=If you don't work hard, you won't succeed.）除非你努力工作，否则你不会取得成功。As long as you go, I will go.只要你去，我就会去。三.原因状语从句

主要连词：because, as（由于）, since（因为，既然）等。

【注意】because 引导的原因是未知的原因，as和since引导的原因是已知的原因。例如： I didn't go to school because I was ill.因为我病了，所以没有去上学。

As it is raining heavily, we won't go to the park.由于雨下得很大，我们就不去公园了。

Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，让我们开始我们的会议吧。

第五篇：高中英语定语从句语法教学浅谈

高中英语定语从句语法教学浅谈

张先红 滁州市 全椒县 古河中学

2013-11-6 21:32:32

高中英语定语从句语法教学浅谈

我国学生学习英语的环境基本上是一个非母语的环境，目前的学习条件如师资、设备、环境等从总体上说并不令人满意。我并不赞同以往的语法翻译教学法，但一味的淡化语法并不利于学生学好英语。语法好比语言的密码，不懂语法显然是行不通的。高考中写一篇英语作文，这是重视英语语法的考试方法，下面以 定语从句的教学为例谈一下我的具体做法。

一、定语从句的概念及引导词

在（主从）复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

引导定语从句是关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that,as,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语；关系副词有where,when ,why,在从句中充当状语。

二、定语从句的基本类型

1、限定性定语从句

限定性定语从句一般紧挨先行词，主从复合句之间关系密切，不能用逗号隔开，通常译为一个句子。

e.g.Do you know the girl who is in red? I am the only person who was praised at the meeting.2、非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，主从复合句之间关系不很密切，一般可译为两个句子，如果将从句身省去，主句意思仍然清楚。

e.g.He is often late for school,which makes his teacher angry.Jack flew to Beijing yesterday,where a conference will be held.三、定语从句使用中的注意事项

1、which 与 that之区别

关系代词that既指人又指物，which只指物，指物时，两者有时可换用，有时则不能换用。

（1）指人或指物只能用 that 的情况 1)当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing„„不定代词时。

e.g.All that can be done has been done.The thief had to hand out everything that he had stolen to the policeman.2)先行词既指人又指物时

e.g.He spoken of the people and the things(that)he had seen abroad.3)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时

e.g.This is the most expensive meal(that)we have ever had.The first lesson that(that)I learned as a student of chemistry is still unforgettable.4)先行词被the very, the only, the last, any,every修饰时

e.g.This is the very book(that)I’m looking for.5）先行词是疑问词who,what,which时

Who that has such a home doesn’t love it.What that is on the table belongs to me.6)关系代词在从句中做表语时

e.g.China is no longer the country(that)it used to be.（2）只能用which的情况

1）定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时

e.g.She added too much salt to the soup, which spoiled soup.2)先行词在从句中做介词宾语且介词前置时

e.g.This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.2、as与which

(1)as和which都能引导非限定性从句代表整个句子的内容，as

引导的从句可为于句首、句中或句末，而which引导的定语从句却只能位于句末。

e.g.As is known to all ,China is a developing country.Jack, as is know ,is a film director.Crusoe went to the fire ,which is still smoking.(2)as含“正如„..那样”之意，而which则不含此意。

e.g.He didn’t give us a hand , as had been expected.(3)as在限定性定语从句中多与such, the same,连用，构成such„..as„, the same„.as„形式。

e.g.Such a film as you deseribed should not be shown at all.He told me the story as was told the other day.3、关系代词或关系副词之确定

是用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句，不是取决于先行词，而是看定语从句中需要什么成分，如果需要主语、宾语、表语、定语就用关系代词，如果需要状语就要用关系副词。

e.g.We visited the village which that is famous for its scenery yesterday.The day thatwhich we spent together on the island is pleasant.4、几种特殊形式的非限制性定语从句

（1）n.pron.num.+of+whomwhich e.g.The old couple have five children,three of whom are farmers.There are many apples in the basket,most of which are red ones.I bought a book yesterday ,the cover of which is well designed.(2)介词短语+whomwhich e.g.He lives in a village,in front of which flows a brook.There are 3 students in the picture,in the middle of whom is my brother.总之，在日常教学中，加强英语语法教学是非常必要的，对语法中的基础知识要求学生牢固掌握。