第一篇:英汉谚语
阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦 名言
1.The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education.妨碍我学习的唯一障碍就是我的教育。
2.As far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain;as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality.当数学原理用于现实时,是不确定的,当它们确定时,又不适用于现实。
3.Common sense is the collection of prejudices acquired by age eighteen.常识就是人在十八岁之前形成的各种偏见。
4.The release of atomic energy has not created a new problem.It has merely made more urgent the necessity of solving an existing one.原子能的释放并没有造成一个新问题,它只是使解决一个当前问题的必要性更加迫切。
5.If you are out to describe the truth, leave elegance to the tailor.如果你决心讲述真相,就把体面留给裁缝。
6.I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.我不知道第三次世界大战会用什么武器,但我确定第四次世界大战用的武器会是棍子和石头。
Fredrick Nietzsche Funny Quotes 弗里德里希.尼采 名言
7.In the beginning was nonsense, and the nonsense was with God, and the nonsense was God.胡话一开始也就是胡话,但这些胡话是和上帝有关的,所以最后胡话也就成了上帝。
8.A casual stroll through a lunatic asylum shows that faith does not prove anything.在精神病院随便走走表明信仰什么都不是。
9.Ah, women.They make the highs higher and the lows more frequent.啊,女人,你使高尚者更高尚,也创造了更多卑微者。
10.Is man one of God’s blunders? Or is God one of man’s blunders?
人类是上帝犯的一个错误,还是上帝是人类犯的一个错误。
11.Many are stubborn in pursuit of the path they have chosen, few in pursuit of the goal.许多人在追求他们选择的道路时固执,却很少在追求目标时固执。
Mark Twain Funny Quotes 马克.吐温 名言
12.Be careful about reading health books.You may die of a misprint.阅读保健类书籍时要小心,你可能死于错误印刷。
13.Don’t go around saying the world owes you a living.The world owes you nothing.It was here first.别到处跟人抱怨这个世界欠你什么,这个世界什么都不欠你的,首先这一点上就是。
14.I didn’t attend the funeral, but I sent a nice letter saying that I approved of it.我从不参加葬礼,但我会写封亲切的信表明我是赞成葬礼的。
15.I have never let my schooling interfere with my education.我从来没让上学影响我的教育。
16.The man who doesn’t read good books has no advantage over the man who can’t read them.不读好书的人与那些读不懂他们的人相比,没有什么好得意的。
17.“Why do you sit there looking like an envelope without any address on it?”
为什么你坐在那儿,看上去就像一个没写地址的邮封?
Voltaire Funny Quotes 伏尔泰 名言
18.Prejudices are what fools use for reason.偏见是愚者思考的方式。
19.If there were no God, it would have been necessary to invent him.就算世界上没有上帝,那也有必要创造一个。
20.Every man is guilty of all the good he didn’t do.每个人都为他不能行的善而心怀愧疚。
21.No snowflake in an avalanche ever feels responsible.雪崩时没有一片雪花会有负罪感。
22.The true triumph of reason is that it enables us to get along with those who do not possess it.理智真正的伟大之处在于它帮助我们与没有理智的人相处。
23.It is hard to free fools from the chains they revere.将愚人从他们所敬拜的锁链下解放出来是非常困难的。
24.There are men who can think no deeper than a fact.有些人的思考只停留在表面。
25.Anyone who has the power to make you believe absurdities has the power to make you commit injustices.如果有人能使你相信荒唐的事,那他也有能力使你犯下罪恶与不公的错误。
26.Anything too stupid to be said is sung.说出来愚蠢的话,唱出来就不一样了。
27.By appreciation, we make excellence in others our own property.通过赞美,别人身上的优点就成为了自己的财富。
28.Governments need to have both shepherds and butchers.政府既需要牧羊人也需要屠夫。
参考资料:http://hi.baidu.com/shenzairen/blog/item/4bb8ec16a71f9f4e20a4e9e3.html 分享给你的朋友吧: i贴吧
新浪微博
腾讯微博
QQ空间
人人网
豆瓣
MSN
对我有帮助 2 回答时间:2010-5-10 23:12 | 我来评论
向TA求助
回答者: shenzairen | 三级采纳率:17% 擅长领域: 英语翻译 文档/报告共享
参加的活动: 暂时没有参加的活动
提问者对于答案的评价: xie xie 相关内容
2008-5-25 英语中的 成语,俚语和谚语是如此之难,以至于我们常常感到困惑(So...)4 2008-5-2 英语中的成语,俚语和谚语是如此之难,以至于我们常常感到困惑英语怎么说
2009-3-2 关于蛇的英语谚语、俚语、俗语、寓言故事 67
2009-2-14 求一些英语谚语或习语或俚语,有关服饰,颜色,食物,身体有关 42 2006-3-30 英语的五十个成语或者俚语或者谚语 4 更多关于说天气热的英语俚语的问题>>
查看同主题问题: 英语 名人 名人 佳句 谚语 俚语 等待您来回答 0回答义乌上哪里可以找到图片处理高手
1回答濮阳义乌国际商贸城命令A区商户按每平方米130元缴纳租金,强行封闭掉了...0回答义乌哪里有卖延中盐汽水
1回答义乌市 从义乌站到金华浙江省义乌市国际商贸城二期18431瑞艺包装怎么...0回答近段时间想收购一些夏季新品上市的球衣,有谁有比较好的途径,除了义...2回答10就要到义乌去了,有没谁知道商贸城附近两室一厅的房子多少钱一年? 0回答80义乌刻录光盘哪个公司好,要质量好价格实在的?cell 1回答请问宿迁义乌商贸城一期一楼和二楼的均价是多少呀? 更多等待您来回答的问题>> 其他回答 共1条
1)认识自然和总结生产经验的谚语:如“长虫过道,大雨要到”、“东北有三宝:人参、貂皮、乌拉草”。
(2)认识社会和总结社会活动经验的谚语:如“人敬富的,狗咬破的”、“放虎归山,必有后患”。
(3)总结一般生活经验的谚语:如“寒从脚起,病从口入”、“早晨起得早,八十不觉老”。
中国谚语大全
◆一等二靠三落空,一想二干三成功。
◆一天不练手脚慢,两天不练丢一半,三天不练门外汉,四天不练瞪眼看。
◆十年练得好文秀才,十年练不成田秀才。
◆人在世上练,刀在石上磨。
◆人行千里路,胜读十年书。
◆人心隔肚皮,看人看行为。
◆力是压大的,胆是吓大的。
◆三天不念口生,三年不做手生。
◆口说无凭,事实为证。
◆湖里游着大鲤鱼,不如桌上小鲫鱼。
◆口说不如身到,耳闻不如目睹。
◆山里孩子不怕狼,城里孩子不怕官。
◆万句言语吃不饱,一捧流水能解渴。
◆山是一步一步登上来的,船是一橹一橹摇出去的。
◆千学不如一看,千看不如一练。
◆久住坡,不嫌陡。
◆马看牙板,人看言行。
◆不经冬寒,不知春暖。
◆不挑担子不知重,不走长路不知远。
◆不在被中睡,不知被儿宽。
◆不下水,一辈子不会游泳;不扬帆,一辈子不会撑船。
◆不当家,不知柴米贵;不生子,不知父母恩。
◆不摸锅底手不黑,不拿油瓶手不腻。
◆水落现石头,日久见人心。
◆打铁的要自己把钳,种地的要自己下田。
◆打柴问樵夫,驶船问艄公。
◆宁可做过,不可错过。
◆头回上当,二回心亮。
◆发回水,积层泥;经一事,长一智。
◆耳听为虚,眼见为实。
◆老马识路数,老人通世故。
◆老人不讲古,后生会失谱。
◆老牛肉有嚼头,老人言有听头。
◆老姜辣味大,老人经验多。
◆百闻不如一见,百见不如一干。
◆吃一回亏,学一回乖。
◆当家才知盐米贵,出门才晓路难行。
◆光说不练假把式,光练不说真把式,连说带练全把式。
◆多锉出快锯,多做长知识。
◆树老根多,人老识多。
◆砍柴上山,捉鸟上树。
◆砍柴砍小头,问路问老头。
◆砂锅不捣不漏,木头不凿不通。
◆草遮不住鹰眼,水遮不住鱼眼。
◆药农进山见草药,猎人进山见禽兽。
◆是蛇一身冷,是狼一身腥。
◆香花不一定好看,会说不一定能干。
◆经一番挫折,长一番见识。
◆经得广,知得多。
◆要知山中事,乡间问老农。
◆要知父母恩,怀里抱儿孙。
。。。
“蜘蛛挂网,久雨必晴”谚语由来
据观测,在我国许多地方。如见蜘蛛张网,阴雨天气将会转晴。如见蜘蛛收网,天气将转为阴雨。
蜘蛛能预测天气,主要是因蜘蛛对空气中湿度变化反应相当灵敏,在蜘蛛尾部有许多小吐丝器,吐丝器部分既粘又凉,当阴雨天气来临时,由于空气中湿度大,水汽多,水汽易在蜘蛛吐丝器部分凝结成小水珠,这样蜘蛛吐丝时感到困难,便停止放丝而收网。相反,当空气中湿度变小天气转好时,蜘蛛吐丝顺利,便张网捕虫了。
另据研究,蜘蛛的腿能感知20—50赫频率的声音,当天气转晴时昆虫易活动,飞行时发出的嗡嗡声,蜘蛛蛛很快就会发觉,所以便添丝织网,准备捕捉。这正是民间用“蜘蛛挂网,久雨必晴”谚语来观测天气晴雨的道理。
“早吃生姜晚吃萝卜,郎中先生急得哭”的谚语由来
来自: 长征一号(苏州)
有一年,慈禧太后忽然得了重病,头痛,心痛,肚皮痛,病到奄奄一息的地步,急得满朝文武百官团团转。北京城里名医车载斗量,可是对西太后的病症,都束手无策。是没有本领吗?不是的,实在是责任太大,在用药上为难了,轻了不见效,重了怕万一失误,吃罪不起。所以,弄得慈禧太后的毛病一天危急一天,眼看就要横下来了。
新科状元是苏州人,奏了一本,说苏州有位祖传名医叫曹沧洲,绰号赛华佗,有妙手回春之术,将他请来,或许太后的福体可以转安。
曹沧州像个乡下佬,平常不欢喜开口,走路也是慢吞吞的。这天,他接到圣旨,顿时面如土色,抱着一家老小嚎啕大哭。他认定,西太后若不到不可救药的地步,是不会从京城到苏州来请他的,治不好西太后,医生要殉葬,自己这条命是有去无回了。可圣旨不能违拗,曹沧洲只好硬着头皮动身。他一到北京刚住下,就借口路上受了风寒,便卧床不起,其实生病是假:要摸慈禧太后生病的根子是真。头一件大事是查看她吃了些什么药?不查不知道,一查吓一跳。慈禧太后每天吃的山珍海味不说,单是人参一项,日日恨不得泡在参汤里洗浴。还有燕窝、银耳,更是当饭吃。曹沧洲想到,医书上早有记载:“滋补过多,必然食阻中焦,中焦闭塞,危在旦夕。”找出病源,他的胆子大了,便去替慈禧太后看病了。
曹沧洲未用上好良药,单开了一味草头药,只写了五个大字:萝卜籽三钱。看得众御医当场发呆,个个舌头伸多长的,认为这个乡下郎中是进京来送死了。他们都懂药性,萝卜籽是括油的,西太后一向要滋补身体,这药分明不合西太后的心意,但是曹沧洲亲手撮药,亲手煎药,亲手送药到西太后的卧室前,等候她喝下去以后,这才回到住所休息。
西太后饮了三钱萝卜籽的药汤,当夜通了大便,第二天一早就起来了。她第一件事就是感谢神医曹沧洲,见面后恩赐曹沧洲九品顶戴,还要他骑马巡游京城,曹沧洲得了皇封,回乡时人未到家,地方官已经替他造好了三进房子。从此后,他在家专门为地方上乡亲看病,不但施诊,还要送药。逢人就劝人多吃萝卜,日子久了,苏州便有了“早吃生姜晚吃萝卜,郎中先生急得哭”的谚语了。
还有,谚语为人们对生产,生活中长期积累的经验进行描述的简练语言,这个就是它的来源。
俗语,也称常言,俗话,这三者应该是同义词。俗语一词,已经普遍用作语言学的术语;常言一词,带有文言的色彩;俗话一词,则有口语的气息。
有的文章中偶尔也把俗语称作成语。俗语和成语都是汉语中的约定俗成的语言形式,二者关系密切。“约定俗成”这一成语,就包含着俗、成二字。但从学习的角度来看,它们还是各有特点的。试比较下列例句:
甲、大鱼吃小鱼,小鱼吃虾米
乙、弱肉强食
甲、多年的老歪树,直不起来了
乙、积重难返
甲、后长的牛角,比先长的耳朵长
乙、后来居上
甲、捡了芝麻,丢掉西瓜
乙、因小失大
甲、你走你的阳关道;我过我的独木桥
乙、分道扬镳
甲、前怕狼,后怕虎
乙、畏首畏尾
甲、打破砂锅问到底
乙、刨根问底
甲、王八看绿豆,对上眼儿
乙、一见锺情
以上各组例句,甲、乙意思相同,甲为俗语,乙为成语。俗语以形象为主体;成语以精练为特色。俗语多为完整的句子,长短不一,运用时可以变通;成语多为四个字的稳定结构,形式整齐。俗语流行于人民群众的口头上,文字上保持着通俗的特点;成语多用作书面语,文字上趋向典雅。从这一比较中,可以从主要方面作出界定:俗语是以形象为主体的通俗的口语,它的结构形式相对稳定,而在实际运用中可以灵活变通。
这是俗语的主要内涵,就外延来说,它跟成语难免有交错的情况。俗语虽然以形象为主体,但也不排除精练;成语虽然以精练为特色,但也不排除形象。成语虽然绝大多数是四字结构,但也有一些是由四个以上的字组成的;俗语句式虽然长短不齐,但也有少量是由四个字组成的。俗语虽然多为口语,但已广泛进入文学作品,甚至哲学、科技图书中也经常用到;而随着人们教育水准的提高,成语在口语中也经常使用。这样,俗语跟成语,就可能互相渗透,存在着交错现象。如:
①城门失火,殃及池鱼(形象,八个字,成语→俗语)
②三天打鱼,两天晒网(形象,八个字,成语→俗语)
③雪上加霜(形象,四字,俗语→成语)
④习惯成自然(精练,五字,俗语→成语)
⑤不敢越雷池一步(形象,精练,七字,俗语← →成语)
俗语是口语型的,成语是书面语型的。这些语例,兼有俗语和成语的某些特点,看来俗语辞典、成语辞典都可以收录,好在这种情况并不算多。
俗语和成语,有时候也可能互相转化,并同时存在。例如:
①板凳没焐热← →席不暇暖
②打老鼠又怕碰破玉瓶儿← →投鼠忌器
③火烧眉毛顾眼前← →燃眉之急
④鸡蛋碰石头← →以卵击石
⑤鸡飞蛋打一场空← →鸡飞蛋打
⑥拉完磨杀驴← →卸磨杀驴
⑦鲁班门前弄大斧← →班门弄斧
⑧没喝过墨水← →胸无点墨
⑨怕噎了嗓子不吃饭← →因噎废食
⑩什么病吃什么药← →对症下药
①①一网打尽满河鱼← → 一网打尽
俗语语句结构如果趋向整齐,就有可能转化为成语;成语如果增加形象化的成分,就有可能转化为俗语。俗语转化为成语,仍然可以保持它的形象性;成语转化为俗语,如果缺少形象,就要加以补充,往往转化为歇后语。(参见下文歇后语)俗语与成语,二者既有联系,又有区别。俗语有俗语的优点;成语有成语的长处。俗语使得描写生动活泼,成语使得论述铿锵有力,都值得很好学习。
二,谚语和格言
有些图书把俗语、谚语并称为俗谚,把它们汇编在一起。汇编在一起是可以理解的,但二者并不相等。谚语只是俗语的一部分,它是一些总结知识经验,寓有思想意义的俗语。如:
①白酒红人面,黄金黑世心
②不听老人言,吃亏在眼前
③国家的事再小也是大的,个人的事再大也是小的④火车跑得快,全靠车头带
⑤江山易改,本性难移
⑥金子碎了分量在⑦靠山山倒,靠水水流
⑧留得青山在,不怕没柴烧
⑨墨是可以磨浓的⑩男人有钱就变坏;女人变坏就有钱
①①人心齐,泰山移
①②咬人的狗是不露牙的①③只要功夫深,铁尺磨成针
格言也总结知识经验,寓有思想意义。但仔细区分,仍稍有不同。格言所总结的知识经验主要是社会方面的,多属逻辑思维,是哲理性的语句,常出自名人名著;而谚语总结的知识经验不限于社会方面,也包括自然科学、生产实践(如农谚),它出自人民群众之口,多属形象思维,是文学性的语言。这种区别,应该把格言归入书面语一类,把谚语归入口语一类。但是,也难免有交错的情况。
甲,满招损,谦受益(书面语)
乙,虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后(口语)
甲,有志者事竟成(书面语)
乙,天下无难事,只怕有心人(口语)
甲,先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐(书面语)
乙,吃苦在前,享乐在后(口语)
以上三组,严格地说,甲为格言,乙为谚语。但是,由于人们教育水准的提高,这些带有文言色彩的格言也进入了口语。我们只能尽可能地加以区分,而不得不承认,实际上存在一些交错现象
俗语中一部分为谚语,另一部分是描述性的语句,它们并没有总结知识经验,而只是表述一种情态。如:
①不认这壶酒钱
②不知道哪头炕热
③蝉曳残声过别枝
④横挑鼻子竖挑眼
⑤眉毛胡子一把抓
⑥起大早,赶晚集
⑦求爷爷,告奶奶
⑧外国的月亮比中国的圆
⑨摇头不算点头算
⑩中看不中吃
①①睁一只眼,闭一只眼
①②走了穿红的,来了穿绿的这一部分语句是描述性的,跟总结知识经验的谚语不同,而又无确定的术语,现在只是笼统地称为俗语,实在有必要把它跟谚语区别开来,给它一个确定的名称。
有的图书称之为“惯用语”,但所涉及的语言现象,却是“俚语”,如:背靠背、开夜车、乱弹琴、磨洋工、冤大头,等等。笔者以前在《俗语五千条》的前言中,曾用“熟语”来称呼描述性的俗语。熟语这一术语的定义,也不十分明确,有的辞典又把它当作高于俗语、成语的术语来使用,而它本身又跟“俗语”的读音近似,某些方言区甚至就是同音词,作为术语,自身有不足之处。再三斟酌,觉得不如用“俚语”来代替。
俚语,这个术语有时跟俗语相混,俚俗并称。这个“俚”,跟“乡里”之“里”有关,望文生义,也就是里人(乡下人)的意思。俚语常指带有方言色彩的土语。既然它有时跟俗语相混,而“惯用语”实际上又多指俚语,不如就借用“俚语”一词,来专指这些描述性的俗语。
四,歇后语、俏皮话
歇后语、俏皮话,基本上是同义词。歇后语是语言学上的术语,俏皮话是口头上的称呼。
歇后语形式上是半截话(前半为形象或事例,后半为解释、说明),实际上是要把话说得更形象些,更具体些。因此,歇后语应该包括在俗语之内。不过,歇后语中的形象常常是漫画式的,带有戏谑调侃的色彩。它用种种修辞手段,对字、词、语、句(包括俗语本身)加以修饰,使之生动活泼。因而跟谚语、描述性俗语(改称俚语),又有些不同。如:
①水仙不开花,装蒜(修饰词)
②猫哭耗子,假慈悲(修饰词组)
③大水冲了龙王庙,自己人不认自己人(修饰句子)
④木匠戴枷,自作自受(修饰成语)
⑤张飞穿针,大眼瞪小眼(修饰俗语本身)
有些成语,为了增强形象性,往往会转化成歇后语。
①擀面杖吹火,一窍不通
②金弹子打鸟,得不偿失
③绿绸缎上绣牡丹,锦上添花
④磨道里走路,没头没尾
⑤螃蟹过河,七手八脚
⑥十五个吊桶打水,七上八下
⑦屎壳郎变知了,一步登天
⑧小葱拌豆腐,一清二白
⑨阎王爷出告示,鬼话连篇
歇后语良莠不齐,有些歇后语内容和形象,均不见佳,有一部分,甚至是语言垃圾,不宜滥用。有些常用的歇后语,形象较好,前后结合得比较紧密,已经跟谚语、描述性的俗语(俚语)近似。如:
①黄鼠狼看鸡,越看越稀(前为形象,后为解释,经验之谈→谚语)
②竹篮子打水,一场空(前为形象,后为解释,描述性俗语→俚语)
③芝麻开花,节节高(前为形象,后为解释,描述性俗语→俚语)
综上所述,谚语,俚语(描述性的俗语),歇后语,这三部分构成俗语的整体。俗语属于口语型的语句,与书面语型的成语、格言有所区别,它们是汉语的口语和书面语的两大系统。
谚语是在人民群众中广泛流传的固定语句,是人民群众在长期生活实践中总结出来的经验和教训的结晶。谚语虽然简单通俗,但反映的道理却非常深刻。
歇后语
歇后语,是我们中国人特有的智慧与趣味语言,也是民间爱用的一种语法。
歇后语是广大人民在生活实践中创造的一种特殊语言形式。它一般由两个部分构成,前半截是形象的比喻,象谜面,后半截是解释、说明,象谜底,十分自然贴切。
例如:
一个巴掌打不响--<孤掌难鸣>;
懒婆娘的裹脚--<又长又臭>。
在一般的语言中。通常只要说出前半截,“歇”去后半截,就可以领会和猜出它的本意,所以称它为歇后语。
最早出现“歇后”这一名称的是在唐代。《旧唐书。郑綮列传》中就已提到过有所谓“郑五歇后体”(一种“歇后”体诗)。但它作为一种语言形式和语言表现,远在先秦时期就已出现了。如《战国策。楚策四》:“亡羊而补牢,未为迟也。”意思是说,失了羊再去修补羊圈,还不算太晚。这是我们今天所看到的最早的歇后语。
我们有理由认为,这是当时流行在民间的俗语,是出于一般人民的生活经验。这类古代的歇后语,虽然很少见于文字记载,但在民间流传相信是不少的。如钱大昕《恒言录》所载:“千里寄鹅毛,物轻人意重,复斋所载宋时谚也。”这类歇后语,直到今天还继续为人们所使用。
在研究歇后语的渊源时,有些语言学家和语言学专著还述及其它有关名称。如陈望道在《修辞学发凡》中,将歇后语列入“藏词”格一节介绍;郭绍虞在《谚语的研究》中,指出歇后语源起于“射覆语”(类似猜谜的一种形式);另外一些书上又列出诸如“隐语”、“谜语”、“谚语”、“缩脚语”、“俏皮话”等名称。加以比较,大都揭示出其中一些共同之处和相异之点。关于歇后语的分类,向无定说。何况还有不少歇后语,一身兼有几种性质,要划分得十分科学,是比较困难的。为了便于查阅,我们将歇后语条目中凡带有谐音字的归入一类,其余的按照比喻部分的性质分为三类。
第一,谐音类。如:
空棺材出葬 - <目(木)中无人> 小葱拌豆腐 - <一清(青)二白> 这类歇后语,是利用同音字或近音字相谐,由原来的意义引申出所需要的另一个意义。这类歇后语,往往要转几个弯,才能领悟它的意思。因而也更饶有兴味。
第二,喻事类。如:
弄堂里搬木头 - <直来直去> 冷水发面 - <没多大长劲>
这类歇后语,是用实在的或想象的事情作比方。如果对设比事情的特点、情状有所了解,也自然能领悟后半截的“谜底”。
第三,喻物类。如:
秋后的蚂蚁 - <蹦达不了几天> 棋盘里的卒子 - <只能进不能退>
这类歇后语,则是用某种或某些物件作比方。了解设比物的性质,也就能领悟它的意思。
第四,故事类。如
楚霸王举鼎 - <力大无穷>
曹操吃鸡肋 - <食之无味,弃之可惜>
这类歇后语,一般是引用常见的典故、寓言和神话传说等作比方。上述两例,只要知道项羽、曹操故事的,一般也能了然。
遇有交叉兼类情况的,则归入其特点更为明显的一类。如
纸糊的琵琶 - <谈(弹)不得>
这一歇后语兼喻物、谐音,现归入谐音类。
歇后语具有鲜明的民族特色,浓郁的生活气息,幽默风趣,耐人寻味,为广大群众所喜闻乐见。
回答者:kgdxk-董事长 十六级 9-5 18:49
◆一等二靠三落空,一想二干三成功。
◆一天不练手脚慢,两天不练丢一半,三天不练门外汉,四天不练瞪眼看。
◆十年练得好文秀才,十年练不成田秀才。
◆人在世上练,刀在石上磨。
◆人行千里路,胜读十年书。
◆人心隔肚皮,看人看行为。
◆力是压大的,胆是吓大的。
◆三天不念口生,三年不做手生。
◆口说无凭,事实为证。
◆湖里游着大鲤鱼,不如桌上小鲫鱼。
◆口说不如身到,耳闻不如目睹。
◆山里孩子不怕狼,城里孩子不怕官。
◆万句言语吃不饱,一捧流水能解渴。
◆山是一步一步登上来的,船是一橹一橹摇出去的。
◆千学不如一看,千看不如一练。
◆久住坡,不嫌陡。
◆马看牙板,人看言行。
◆不经冬寒,不知春暖。
◆不挑担子不知重,不走长路不知远。
◆不在被中睡,不知被儿宽。
◆不下水,一辈子不会游泳;不扬帆,一辈子不会撑船。
◆不当家,不知柴米贵;不生子,不知父母恩。
◆不摸锅底手不黑,不拿油瓶手不腻。
◆水落现石头,日久见人心。
第二篇:英汉口译常用谚语习语
Idioms and Proverbs Frequently Used in English-Chinese Interpretation
By Zhang Wenghui
英汉口译中常用谚语
sharpness can cut through metal.一、常用汉语谚语 15.各人自扫门前雪,哪管他家瓦上霜。
Sweep the snow from your own front 1.百花齐放,百家争鸣。
Let a hundred flowers blossom and a door,leave the frost on the other man' hundred schools of thought contend.
roof to thaw. 2.搬石头砸自己的脚。16.水能载舟,亦能覆舟。
Lifting a rock only to have his own toes
The water that bears the boat is the same squashed.that swallows it up. 3.宾至如归。17.狗咬吕洞宾,不识好人心。
When the visitor arrives,it is as if
Like the dog that bit Lu Tungbin一you returning home. bit the hand that feeds you. 4.不到黄河心不死。18.海内存知己,天涯若比邻。
Until all is over ambition never dies.A bosom friend afar brings distance near.5.不管三七二十一。19.葫芦里卖的什么药?
No matter what you may say.What's at the back of it? 6.不人虎穴,焉得虎子。20.既来之,则安之。
How can one get tiger cubs even without
Take things as they come. entering the tiger's lair.21.己所不欲,勿施于人。
Do not do to others what you would not 7.趁热打铁。
Strike while the iron is hot.have others do to you. 8.没有不带刺的玫瑰。22.捡了芝麻,丢了西瓜。
There's no rose without a thorn.To concentrate on minor matters to the
neglect of major ones.9.成则公侯败则寇。
People may become princes or thieves,23.见贤思齐。
depending on whether they're successful
When you see men of worth,you should or not.think of equaling them.10.大智若愚。24.酒香不怕巷子深。
He knows most who speaks least.Good wine needs no bush. 11.但愿人长久,千里共婵娟。25.居安思危。
We wish each other a long life so as to
In time of peace prepare for war.share the beauty of this graceful moon-
26.君子之交淡如水。
A hedge between keeps friendship green· light,even though miles apart.12.独立自主,自力更生。27.路遥知马力,日久见人心。
To maintain independence and keep the
A long road tests a horse's strength and a initiative in our hands and rely on our
long task proves a man's heart.own efforts. 28.人言可畏。13.独木不成林。
The tongue is not steel,yet it cuts.One person cannot accomplish much. 29.民为贵,社稷次之,君为轻。
The people are the most important 14.二人同心,其力断金。
If two people are of the same mind,their element in a state;next are the gods of land Idioms and Proverbs Frequently Used in English-Chinese Interpretation
By Zhang Wenghui and grain;least is the ruler himself.30.谋事在人,成事在天。
Man proposes,God disposes.31.木已成舟。
The wood is already made into a boat一what's done is done.32.能者多劳。
All lay loads on a willing horse.33.宁为玉碎,不为瓦全。
Better die with honor than live with shame.
34.否极泰来。
The extreme of adversity is the beginning of prosperity.35.拼着一身剐,敢把皇帝拉下马。
One who will risk being sliced to pieces dare unsaddle the Emperor.36.青出于蓝而胜于蓝。
The pupil outdoes the master.37.清官难断家务事。
Not even good officials can settle family troubles.
38.人怕出名猪怕壮。
Great honors are great burdens.39.塞翁失马,焉知非福。
Nothing so bad,as not to be good for anything.40.三个和尚没水喝。
Everybody's business is nobody's business.41.少数服从多数。
The minority is subordinate to the majority.42.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
A young idler,an old beggar.43.身正不怕影子斜。
A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.
44.盛名之下,其实难副。
Common fame is a liar.45.盛筵必散。
Even the grandest feast must have an end.
46.生于忧患,死于安乐。
Life springs from sorrow and calamity,and death from ease and pleasure· 47.失之东隅,收之桑榆。
What we lose in hake we shall have in herring.48.十年树木,百年树人。
It takes ten years to grow trees but a hundred years to rear people· 49.识时务者为俊杰。
Whosoever understands the times is a great man.50.逝者如斯乎!不舍昼夜。
The passage of time is just like the flow of water,which goes on day and night. 51.顺其自然。
Let the nature take care of it.52.天生万物,唯人为贵。
Man is the most valuable among all the things that heaven fosters. 53.天涯何处无芳草。
There are plenty of fish in the sea.54.为人不做亏心事,半夜不怕鬼敲门。
A clear conscience is a sure card. 55.温故而知新,可以为师矣。
He who by reviewing the old can gain knowledge of the new and is fit to be a teacher.56.闻过则喜。
One rejoices when he is told to have a fault.57.无风不起浪。
No smoke without fire. 58.无可奈何花落去。
Flowers fall off,do what one may.59.小巫见大巫。
The moon is not seen when the sun shines.60.星星之火,可以燎原。
Little chips light great fire. 61.学如逆水行舟,不进则退。
Learning is like rowing upstream:not to advance is to drop back. 62.雅俗共赏。
Highbrows and lowbrows alike can Idioms and Proverbs Frequently Used in English-Chinese Interpretation
By Zhang Wenghui enjoy.63.眼高手低。
To have grandiose aims but puny abilities. 64.眼见为实。
Seeing is believing.65.燕雀安知鸿鹊之志。
A sparrow cannot understand the ambition of a swan. 66.心有余而力不足。
The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.
67.一寸光阴一寸金。
An inch of time is an inch of gold. 68.一个巴掌拍不响。
It takes two to make a quarrel.69.一回生,二回熟。
First time strangers,second time friends. 70.一乡之善士斯友一乡之善士,天下之善士斯友天下之善士。
A good citizen in one community will befriend the other citizens of the community;a good citizen of the world will befriend the other citizens of the world. 71.一招不慎满盘皆输。
One careless move loses the whole game.
72.有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎。
It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.73.鹬蚌相争,渔翁得利。
Two dogs strive for a bone,and a third runs away with it.74.与君一席话,胜读十年书。
One evening's conversation with a gentleman is worth more than ten years' study.
75.欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。
We widen our views three hundred miles by ascending one flight of stairs.76.欲速则不达。
More haste,less speed. 77.这山望着那山高。
The grass is greener on the other side.
78.真金不怕火炼。
True blue will never stain.79.智者千虑,必有一失。
The best horse stumbles. 80.众人拾柴火焰高。
Many hands make light work.
二、常用英语谚语 .A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.双鸟在林,不如一鸟在手。.A bird is known by its note and a man by his talk.
闻啼知鸟,闻言知人。
3.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.吃一堑长一智。
4.A good beginning is half the battle.一个良好的开端是成功的一半。5.A rolling stone gathers no moss.滚石不生苔。
6.A small leak will sink a great ship.
小洞不堵要沉大船。
7.A wise man tightens his tongue,speaking less than thinking.智者慎言,多思少说。
8.Absence makes the heart grow fonder.离得越久想得越甚。
9.Actions speak louder than words.
事实胜于雄辩。
10.All is not gold that glitters.
发光的并不都是金子。
11.All the rivers run into the sea;yet the sea is not full.
百川归海而海不盈。12.Barking dogs do not bite.吠犬不咬人。
13.Beggars cannot be choosers.只好给什么就要什么。
14.Be slow to promise and quick to perform.慢许诺,快履行。
15.Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚,人以群分。
16.Can not see the wood for the trees.一叶障目,不见泰山。Idioms and Proverbs Frequently Used in English-Chinese Interpretation
By Zhang Wenghui 17.Can the leopard change his spots!
江山易改,本性难移。18.Care kills a cat.忧能伤身。
19.Catch not at the shadow and lose the substance.
勿因小失大,舍本逐末。
20.Caution is the parent of safety.
小心驶得万年船。
21.Constant dropping wears away a stone.
滴水穿石。
22.Content is better than riches.知足胜于财富(知足常乐)。23.Diamond cut diamond.
强中自有强中手。
24.Do in Rome as Romans do.入乡随俗。.Don't put the cart before the horse.切勿本末倒置。26.Easy come,easy go·
来得容易去得快。
27.Empty vessels make the most noise.
无知的人爱自吹。28.Every dog has his day.凡人皆有得意日。
29.Every man has his faults.金无足赤,人无完人。30.The style is the man.文如其人。
31.Fine feathers make fine birds.人靠衣装,佛靠金装。
32.Fortune knocks once at least at every man's gate.
风水轮流转。
33.Four eyes see more than two.
集思广益。
34.Great minds think alike.
英雄所见略同。
35.Great oaks from little acorns grow.合抱之木,生于毫末。
36.Half a loaf is better than no bread.
有半块面包总比没有好。37.He who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.近朱者赤,近墨者黑。
38.He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后,谁就笑得最好。39.If you cannot stand the heat,get out of the kitchen.
怕苦就别干。
40.If you will,you shall be taught.处处留心皆学问。41.Ill news comes apace.
好事不出门,坏事传千里。
42.Ill workmen often blame their tools.拙工咎器。
43.In a calm sea,every man is a pilot.海面平静,人人都可当舵手。44.In the end things will mend.
车到山前必有路。
45.It's a long lane that has no turning.路必有弯。
46.It never rains but it pours.不鸣则已,一鸣惊人。
47.Jack of all trades,and master of none.门门精通,样样稀松。48.Justice has long arms.天网恢恢,疏而不漏。
49.Kill two birds with one stone.
一箭双雕。
50.Let sleeping dog lie.勿打草惊蛇。
51.Let's put all the cards on the table.
让我们打开天窗说亮话吧。52.Like father,like son.有其父,必有其子。53.Like knows like.英雄识英雄。
54.Look before you leap.
三思而后行。
55.Lookers-on see more than players.当事者迷,旁观者清。
56.Make hay while the sun shines.
趁晴晒草。
57.Many hands make light work·
众人拾柴火焰高。
58.Many kiss the baby for the nurse's sake.醉翁之意不在酒。Idioms and Proverbs Frequently Used in English-Chinese Interpretation
By Zhang Wenghui 59.No smoke without fire.无火不起烟(无风不起浪)。
60.One false move may lose the game.
一招不慎满盘皆输。
61.One is never too late to learn.活到老,学到老。
62.One swallow does not make a summer.一燕不成夏。
63.Out of sight,out of mind.眼不见为净(眼不见,心不烦)。64.Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
65.Put the cart before the horse.
本末倒置。
66.Reading makes a full man,conference a ready man,and writing an exact man。
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。
67.Rome was not built in a day.冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。
68.Speak of the devil and he will appear.说曹操,曹操到。69.Still waters run deep.静水流深。
70.The early bird catches the worm.捷足先登,笨鸟先飞。
71.The finest diamond must be cut.玉不琢,不成器。
72.The higher up,the greater the fall.爬得愈高,跌得愈惨。
73.The longest day must have an end.苦难终有尽头。
74.The parent's life is the child's copy-book.
父母所为,子女之师。
75.The pot calls the kettle black.
五十步笑百步。
76.Things done cannot be undone.
木已成舟。
77.Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。
78.Too many cooks spoil the broth.
厨师多坏一锅汤。
79.To save time is to lengthen life.节约时间就等于延长生命。80.Two heads are better than one.一人不及两人智。
汉英口译常用四字成语
1.爱屋及乌
Love me,love my dog. 2.安居乐业
live and work in peace and contentment 3.白头偕老
live in conjugal bliss to a ripe old age 4.百折不挠
be indomitable 5.班门弄斧
display one's slight skill before an expert 6.半途而废
give up half way 7.包罗万象
all-embracing 8.饱经风霜
weather-beaten 9.大吹大擂
talk big 10.大庭广众
in public 11.大义灭亲
place righteousness above family loyalty 12.大智若愚
It is a great ability to be able
13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.to conceal one's ability.
得不偿失
The game isn’t worth the candle.
独辟蹊径
blaze a new trial by oneself 红颜薄命
an ill一fated beauty
狡兔三窟
Wily hare has three burrows· 礼尚往来
Courtesy calls for reciprocity.
抛砖引玉
throw a sprat to catch a whale
人不敷出
be behindhand in one's circumstances
三十而立
A man should be independent at the age of thirty·
喜怒哀乐
the gamut of human feeling 言行一致
suit the action to the word Idioms and Proverbs Frequently Used in English-Chinese Interpretation
By Zhang Wenghui 23.24.25.26.一触即发
touch and go 一心一意
heart and soul 一言以蔽之
in a word 一衣带水
a narrow strip of water
27.一意孤行
have everything one's own
way
28.自寻短见
commit suicide
汉英口译常用谚语俗语
1.矮子里拔将军
choose the best person available 2.爱挑的担子不嫌重。A burden of one’s choice is not felt.
3.按下葫芦浮起瓢
solve one problem only to find another cropping up 4.八九不离十
pretty close 5.百尺竿头,更进一步
make still further progress 6.百闻不如一见
Seeing is believing. 7.百闻不如一见。One eyewitness is better than ten hearsays.
8.百足之虫,死而不僵
A centipede dies but never falls down.
9.搬起石头砸自己的脚
pick up a stone only to drop it on one' s own feet 10.半路杀出个程咬金。
In half way another man appears and tries to poke his nose into the matter.
11.比上不足,比下有余
worse off than some,better off than many 12.病从口人。A close mouth catches no flies.
13.不打不成交
No discord,no concord. 14.不到长城非好汉
He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. 15.不到黄河心不死
refuse to give up until all hope is gone 16.不到黄河心不死。
Until all is over one’s ambition never dies. 17.不分青红皂白
indiscriminately 18.不敢越雷池一步
dare not go one step beyond the prescribed limit 19.不会撑船怪河弯。A bad workman always blames his tools.
20.不可同日而语
cannot be mentioned
21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.in the same breath
不鸣则已,一鸣惊人。It never rains but it pours.
不人虎穴,焉得虎子
How can you catch tiger cubs without entering the tiger’s lair.
不善始者不善终。A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
不做亏心事,不怕鬼叫门。A good conscience is a soft pillow.
拆东墙补西墙
rob Peter to pay Paul· 常在河边走,哪有不湿鞋。Touch pitch,and you w川be defiled. 吃小亏占大便宜。
Venture a small fish to catch a great one.
吃一堑,长一智。
A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit.
创业容易守业难。It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open. 聪明一世,糊涂一时。No man is wise at all times.
大事化小,小事化了
reduce a big trouble into a small one and a small one into nothing
大树底下好乘凉。Great trees are good for nothing but shade.
呆人有呆福。Fools have fortune.
当局者迷,旁观者清。Lookers-on see more than players. 道高一尺,魔高一丈。
While the priest climbs a post,the devil climbs ten. 癫蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉aspiring after something one is not worthy of.否极泰来。Things at the worst will mend.
富不过三代。Great men’s sons seldom Idioms and Proverbs Frequently Used in English-Chinese Interpretation
By Zhang Wenghui 39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.do well.
各人自扫门前雪,莫管他人瓦上霜
63.hoe one’s own potatoes
工夫不负有心人
Where there is a 64.will,there is a way.
狗眼看人低
be damned snobbish 65.狗咬吕洞宾,不识好人心。
Don't snap and snarl at me when I am trying to do 66.my best for you.
棺材里伸手—死要钱。to be greedy for 67.money 管中窥豹,可见一斑。You may know 68.by a handful the whole sack.
贵人多忘事。Great wits have short 69.memories.
海底捞月。Cry for the moon. 70.海纳百川All rivers run into sea. 害人害己。Harm set,harm get. 71.好事不出门,丑事传千里
Good news never goes beyond the gate,while bad 72.news spreads far and wide. 换汤不换药。A change in form but not in 73.content.
黄鼠狼给鸡拜年,没安好心。
When 74.the fox preaches,take care of your geese 机不可失,时不再来。Do it now. 75.己所不欲,勿施于人。Do as you would be done by. 76.既来之,则安之。Take things as they come. 77.家丑不可外扬。
Wash your dirty linen at home. 78.家家有本难念的经。There is a skeleton in the cupboard. 79.今日事,今日毕。Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 80.金窝银窝不如咱的狗窝。There is no place like home. 81.金无足赤,人无完人Gold can’t be pure and man can’t be perfect.
近水楼台先得月First come,first 82.served.
静以修身A light heart lives long.
久旱逢甘霖have a welcome rain after a 83.long drought
酒后吐真言。
When wine is in truth,wit is out.
君子之交淡如水A hedge between keeps friendship green.
君子之交淡如水The friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal. 蜡烛照亮别人,却毁灭了自己。A candle lights others and consumes itself.来而不往非礼也。Courtesy on one side only lasts not long.
临时抱佛脚clasp Buddha’s feet when in distress
留得青山在,不怕没柴烧Where there is life,there is hope.
路遥知马力,日久见人心。Time tries all.
每逢佳节倍思亲It is on the festival occasions that one misses his dear most. 明枪易躲,暗箭难防。False friends are worse than bitter enemies.
谋事在人,成事在天
Man proposes,God disposes.
逆水行舟,不进则退。He who does not advance loses ground.
宁为玉碎,不为瓦全。Better to die in glory than live in dishonor.
爬得高,摔得重。The higher up,the greater the fall.
旁观者清
The onlooker sees most of the game. 鹏蚌相争,渔翁得利。
Two dogs strive for a bone,and a third runs away with it. 前事不忘,后事之师。Today is yesterday’s pupil.
强中自有强中手。Diamond cuts diamond.
巧妇难为无米之炊The cleverest housewife can't cook a meal without rice.
清者自清,浊者自浊。The wise man knows he knows nothing,the fool thinks he knows all.
穷则思变Adversity leads to prosperity. Idioms and Proverbs Frequently Used in English-Chinese Interpretation
By Zhang Wenghui 84.人不犯我,我不犯人;人若犯我,我必犯人。Tit for tat is fair play.
85.人不为己,天诛地灭Everyone for himself and the devil take the hindmost. 86.人非圣贤,孰能无过。To err is human. 87.人善被人欺,马善被人骑。If you make yourself an ass,don’t complain if people ride you.
88.人心不足蛇吞象。No man is content. 89.人言可畏。The tongue is not steel,yet it cuts.
90.仁者见仁,智者见智Different people have different views.
91.瑞雪兆丰年A snow year,a rich year. 92.若要人不知,除非己莫为。If you don’t wish others to know of it,the only way for you is not to do it.
93.塞翁失马,焉知非福Misfortune may be an actual blessing. 94.三个臭皮匠,赛过诸葛亮Two heads are better than one.
95.三个和尚没水吃
Too many cooks spoil the broth. 96.三天打鱼,两天晒网
blow hot and cold 97.色厉内往A bully is always a coward. 98.山不在高,有仙则名No matter how high the mountain is,its name will spread far and wide if there is a fairy·
99.山中无老虎,猴子称大王
Among the blind the one-eyed man is king.100.善有善报。Do well and have well. 101.上梁不正下梁歪
Fish begins to stink at the head.
102.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。A young idler,an old beggar.
103.身正不怕影子斜。A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.
104.生米煮成熟饭
What’s done cannot be undone. 105.胜者为王,败者为寇。Losers are always in the wrong.
106.失之毫厘,差之千里。A miss is as good as a mile.
107.实磨无声空磨响,满瓶不动半瓶摇。
Empty vessels make the greatest sound. 108.世上无难事,只要肯攀登Where there is
a will,there is a way.
109.事出有因
Where there is smoke,there
is fire.
110.树大招风。Tall trees catch much wind. 111.水滴石穿,绳锯木断。Constant dripping
wears away a stone. 112.说曹操,曹操到。Talk of the evil and he’s
sure to appear.113.说时迟,那时快before one second had
passed/at the twinkling of the eye
114.贪多嚼不烂。The eye is bigger than the
belly.
115.天网恢恢,疏而不漏Justice has a long
arm.
116.天无绝人之路There is always a way
out.
117.天下没有不散的筵席。All good things
come to an end·
118.天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福。It is the
unforeseen that always happens.
119.兔子不吃窝边草。The fox preys farthest
from home. 120.无官一身轻。Out of office,out of danger.121.五十步笑百步。The pot calls the kettle
black.
122.物以类聚,人以群分。Birds of a feather
flock together.
123.小洞不补,大洞吃苦。A stitch in time
saves nine.
124.小心驶得万年船。Caution is the parent
of safety.
125.心病还需心药医。Habit cures habit. 126.新官上任三把火。
A new broom
sweeps clean.127.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 128.眼见为实
Seeing is believing.
129.一分钱难倒英雄汉。A man without
money is no man at all.
130.一个和尚挑水喝,两个和尚抬水喝,三
个和尚没水喝。One boy is a boy,two Idioms and Proverbs Frequently Used in English-Chinese Interpretation
By Zhang Wenghui boys half a boy,three boys no boy. 131.一个篱笆三个桩,一个好汉三个帮。
A fence needs the support of three stakes,and an able fellow needs the help of three other people.
132.一花独放不是春,百花齐放春满园。A single flower does not make a spring. 133.一日之计在于晨。An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening· 134.一失足成千古恨。Old sin makes new shame.
135.一失足成千古恨。Short pleasure,long lament.
136.一心不可二用。No_man can do two things at once.
137.一心不能二用A man cannot spin and reel at the same time.
138.一言既出,驯马难追。A word spoken is past recalling.
139.一叶障目,不见泰山。Cannot see the wood for the trees.
140.一着不慎,满盘皆输。One false move may lose the game.
141.遗臭万年A bad thing never dies.
142.有心栽花花不发,无心插柳柳成荫。
Many things grow in the garden that were never sown there.
143.又要马儿好,又要马儿不吃草。
You
can’t eat your cake and have it.
144.远水救不了近火。Far water does not put
out near fire.
145.真人不露相,露相非真人。A wise head
makes a close mouth.
146.知音难觅A faithful friend is hard to
find.
147.知足者常乐。Content is better than riches 148.纸包不住火。Murder will out.
149.众口栋金,积毁销骨。Give a dog a bad
name and hang him.
150.众口难调It is hard to please all.
151.众人拾柴火焰高。Many hands make
light work.
152.竹篮子打水一场空。Pour water into a
sieve.
153.字如其人。The style is the man·
汉英口译常用古代诗句
1.本是同根生,相煎何太急!
Grown from same root,O please,why should you burn us hot? 2.不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中。Of Lu Mountains we cannot make out the true face,for we are lost in the heart of the very place.
3.采菊东篱下,悠然见南山。
I pick fence-side asters at will;carefree appears the Southern Hill.
4.朝辞白帝彩云间,千里江陵一日还。Good一bye to the city high in the rosy clouds of dawn.Homeward,out the gorges,out today!5.沉舟侧畔千帆过,病树前头万木春。
A thousand sails pass by the side of sunken ship;a myriad flowers bloom ahead of
6.7.8.9.injured tree. 床前明月光,疑是地上霜。In front of my bed the moonlight is very bright.I wonder if that can be frost on the floor? 春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干。Spring silkworm till its death spins silk from love-sick heart,red candles but when burned up have no tears to shed. 春潮带雨晚来急,野渡无人舟自横。On the spring flood of last night’s rain.The ferry-boat moves as though someone were poling.
春色满园关不住,一枝红杏出墙来。
Spring,in the fullness of its glory,is not to be confined.From behind the garden wall out shoots an apricot branch,its blossoms flaming red. Idioms and Proverbs Frequently Used in English-Chinese Interpretation
By Zhang Wenghui 10.大漠沙如雪,燕山月似钩。Desert sands white as snow,with the moon hanging like a hook over the northern mountains 11.独在异乡为异客,每逢佳节倍思亲。
Alone,a lonely stranger in a foreign land,I doubly pine for my kinfolk on holiday.
12.飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天。
The torrent dashes down three thousand feet from on high as if the Silver River fell from the blue sky.
13.烽火连三月,家书抵万金。The beacon fire has gone higher and higher;Words from household are worth their weight in gold.
14.浮云一别后,流水十年间。Since we left one another,floating apart like clouds.Ten years have run like water-一till at last we join again.
15.海内存知己,天涯若比邻。If you have friends who know your heart,distance cannot keep you apart.
16.海上生明月,天涯共此时。Over the sea the round moon rises bright,and floods the horizon with its silver light.
17.何当共剪西窗烛,却话巴山夜雨时。
When shall we ever snuff candles again,and recall the glad hours of that evening of rain? 18.忽见陌头杨柳色,悔叫夫婿觅封侯。The stir of sprouting foliage beyond the street she saw.Regret she’d sent her love to fame rose swelling in her breast.
19.忽如一夜春风来,千树万树梨花开。As when a genial breeze in early spring shakes open all the pear-trees’ blossoms white,and somber-looking trees with leafless boughs are decked with radiance in a single night.
20.花间一壶酒,独酌无相亲。An arbor of flowers and a kettle of wine:Alas!In the bowers no companion is mine.
21.还君明珠双泪垂,恨不相逢未嫁时。
With your bright pearls I send again twin
22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.tears as crystal clear.Regretting that we had not met ere Fortune place me here.黄沙百战穿金甲,不破楼兰终不还。Countless battles have been fought on the sands,witness the dents in our armor.We shall smash them yet.See if we don’t before going home. 回头一笑百媚生,六宫粉黛无颜色。Her sparkling eye and merry laughter fascinated every beholder,and among the powder and paint of the harem her loveliness reigned supreme. 会当临绝顶,一览众山小。I must ascend the mountain’s crest;it dwarfs all peaks under my feet.
江畔何人初见月,江月何年初照人?Who was he who first stood here and gazed upon the river and the heavenly light? And when did moon and river first behold the solitary watcher in the night? 久在樊笼里,复得返自然。Long I lived checked by the bars of a cage:Now I have turned again to Nature and Freedom. 举杯邀明月,对影成三人。The cup I lift;the Moon invite;who with my shadow makes us three.
举头望明月,低头思故乡。I lift up my head and look at the full moon,the dazzling moon.I drop my head,and think of the home of old days.
郎骑竹马来,绕床弄青梅。You came riding on hobby一horse astride,and wreathed my bed with great一gage branches o’er.
老骥伏杨,志在千里。
Although the stabled steed is old,he dreams to run a thousand 1i.
两岸猿声啼不住,轻舟已过万重山。The screams of monkeys on either bank had scarcely ceased echoing in my ear when my skiff had left behind it then thousand ranges of hills. 洛阳亲友如相问,一片冰心在玉壶。
If Idioms and Proverbs Frequently Used in English-Chinese Interpretation
By Zhang Wenghui 33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.my friends in the North should ask if I’m all right,my heart is free of stain as ice in crystal vase.
千呼万唤始出来,犹抱琵琶半遮面。Again we urge,and yet again.And yet for long we urged in vain:Emerged the minstrel then,grown mute,hiding her face behind a lute.
前不见古人,后不见来者。念天地之悠悠,独枪然而涕下。Men there have been-1 see them not.Men there will be--I see them not.The world goes on,world without end.But here and now,alone I stand一in tears. 秦时明月汉时关,万里长征人未还。The moon rises over this fort on the pass,just as in the days of Qin and Han.Through here legion after legion has gone forth to war.Far out they must be now,hitting hard or hard hit.For none has returned. 曲径通幽处,禅房花木深。As,darkly,by a winding path I reach Dhyâna’s hall,hidden midst fir and beech.
劝君更进一杯酒,西出阳关无故人。I would ask you to drink a cup of wine again;west of the Sunny Pass no more friends will be seen.
人面不知何处去,桃花依旧笑春风。I do not know today where shines the pretty face;only the pretty flowers still smile in vernal breeze.
山重水复疑无路,柳暗花明又一村。Beyond the hills and rills the path seems lost to sight;a village’s seen’mid shady willows and flowers bright.
身无彩凤双飞翼,心有灵犀一点通。Having no wings,I can’t fly to you as I please;Our hearts at one,your ears can hear my inner call.
生当复来归,死当长相思。If I live,I shall surely come back to you.If I die,remember that all my thoughts have always been of you. 谁知盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦。
Each bowl
43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.of rice,who knows?is the fruit of hard
toil.
随风潜人夜,润物细无声。Soft as the breeze quiet as the night,it soothes the thirsting multitudes.
桃花潭水深千尺,不及汪伦送我情。However deep the Lake of Peach Blossoms may be,it’s not so deep,O Wang Lun,as your love for me.
停车爱坐枫林晚,霜叶红于二月花。
Here I pull up my carriage,entranced.For the twilit mountainside is ablaze with crimson maples more vivid than spring flowers.
同是天涯沦落人,相逢何必曾相识!Both of us in misfortune go from shore to shore.Meeting now,need we have known each other before? 无边落木萧萧下,不尽长江滚滚来。The boundless forest sheds its leaves shower by shower;The endless river rolls its waves hour after hour.
夕阳无限好,只是近黄昏。
What a glorious sunset!It would be perfect if twilight were not to follow.
夕阳无限好,只是近黄昏。The setting sun appears sublime,but O,’tis near dying time
窈窕淑女,君子好述。The modest,retiring,virtuous,young lady:一For our prince a good mate she is. 野火烧不尽,春风吹又生。
It can’t be burned up by wild fire,but revives when the spring wind blows. 衣带渐宽终不悔,为伊消得人憔悴。
I know I’m pining away,but love is worth the pain that comes after.
欲把西湖比西子,淡妆浓抹总相宜。West Lake may be compared to Beauty of the West,whether she is richly adorned or plainly dressed.
欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。To look beyond,unto the farthest horizon,upward!Up another storey!Idioms and Proverbs Frequently Used in English-Chinese Interpretation
By Zhang Wenghui 55.月落乌啼霜满天,江枫渔火对愁眠。At moonset cry the crows,streaking the frosty sky;dimly-lit fishing boats ’neath maples sadly lie.
56.在天愿作比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝。I swear that we will ever fly like the one-winged birds,or grow united like the tree with branches which twine together. 57.曾经沧海难为水,除却巫山不是云。No water’s wide enough when you have crossed the sea;No cloud is beautiful but that which crowns the peak.
58.正是江南好风景,落花时节又逢君。Now,wandering amid such scenic beauty on these southern shores,we chance to meet again,when the flowers are already falling.12
第三篇:浅析英汉谚语的翻译
浅析英汉谚语的翻译
摘 要 谚语是了解一个国家历史及文化的重要渠道之一,因此谚语的翻译也占有十分重要的地位。本文针对英汉谚语的翻译,提出一些常见的翻译方法、即套译法、直译加注法、直译法、意译法、直译加意译法以及省略法。
关键词 谚语 套译 直译 意译
中图分类号:H315.9 文献标识码:A
0引言
谚语是人类千百年来口耳相传、言简意赅的箴言。它是民间集体创造并广为流传,用于反映深刻道理的语句,是民众丰富智慧和普遍经验的总结。谚语不仅是我们中华民族的结晶,同时在外国也受到广泛应用。但由于人类普遍的社会活动以及思维过程存在一定的共通之处,使得汉英谚语之间存在一定差异的同时又有很多相同点。
1谚语翻译的几种方法
1.1套译法
有些英汉谚语不但有相同的意义和隐喻,并且有相同或相似的形象。这类谚语在翻译时则可以直接套用与之对应的异语谚语即可。例如英语中的Strike while the iron is hot与汉语中的“趁热打铁”即属于此类。再例如,英语中的Walls have ears可直接套用汉语中的成语“隔墙有耳”。
另一类亦可用套用法翻译的谚语不似上述例证所举,它们有相同的意义,却并未用相似的形象作为比喻。例如英语中的It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest可翻译成中文中的“家丑不可外扬”,两者的意义相通,所用形象却截然不同。在英语中使用鸟这种动物以及鸟巢的形象作为隐喻,而中文中的形象则是人类以及人的居所。
1.2直译加注法
很多汉英谚语都暗含典故,如果直接翻译容易为缺乏相关文化背景知识的异国读者所不能理解。而在异国文化中又很难找到与之同出一辙的相同典故或寓意相同的典故,因此在翻译此类谚语时应用直译加注法。谚语“三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮”,最好译成Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang,the mastermind.通过在诸葛亮后加注the mastermind,让不了解中国文化或未曾听说过诸葛亮的读者也能知道诸葛亮智者的代名词。
同一思想内容的谚语,在不同文化中亦具有不同的表达方式。在翻译时采用直译加注法可保留原文的民族特色。例如中国谚语“一个和尚挑水喝,两个和尚抬水喝,三个和尚没水喝”,一般都将其译成One boy is a boy,two boys half a boy,three boys no boy.文中的“和尚”一词是有中国特色的文化负载词,直接将其译成boy,其文化意义皆失。
1.3直译法
直译法就是指在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误联想的条件下,在译文中保留英语谚语的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩的方法。这样做既能较完整地保存原文的表达方式和原文的神韵,又可丰富我们自己的语言文化。80例如“雪中送炭”可直译成to offer fuel in snowy weather,“金钱是万恶之源”可直译为Money is the root of all evil。
另外,由于人类交流和沟通的益频繁在一定程度上减少了不同国家之间的差异性。这在谚语翻译上的体现就是某些带有文化色彩的谚语在翻译时不需要加注也不要转换形象。例如将All roads lead to Rome直接译成“条条大路通罗马”也能为中国读者所理解。
1.4意译法
有些英语谚语从表面上看和汉语谚语比较吻合或比较相似其实寓意很不一致,稍不留意就会歪曲谚语原有的意思。例如Lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen,初看容易让人想到中文里的“亡羊补牢”。可是“亡羊补牢”的后缀是“犹未晚矣”,而原文的意思是为时已晚,两者意思背道而驰。
若在翻译时无法保留原语的字面意义和形象意义,可将原文的形象更换成另一个译文读者所熟悉的形象,从而转达出原文的语用目的,如汉语中的“开门见山”,如果直译成open the door and see the mountain会让异国读者觉得莫名其妙,以为门外即是山。因此,在翻译时就需要用意译的方式翻译成to come direct to the point.1.5直译加意译法
有时在翻译英语谚语时,单纯的直译或意译都不能确切、有效地表达原来谚语的含义。这时可采用直译、意译相结合的方法进行翻译,以弥补直译难达意,意译难传神的不足。例如“无亲无故”若只是直译成without a single relative or friend只是表现了没有亲人的事实而没有表达出那种无依无靠的状况,因此需二者结合,即译成without a single relative or friend to help her out.1.6省略法
省略法多用于中文谚语的英译。中文的谚语多意思上的重复,在翻译成英语的时候为避免重复??嗦需用省略法省去中文中重复的部分。例如中文中形容女子美貌的谚语“沉鱼落雁之容,闭月羞花之貌”,句中的“沉鱼”“落雁”“闭月”“羞花”分指中国古代四大美女,因此在翻译时只需译出其中一个即可,此句可译成Her beauty would put the flowers to shame.若是将四个全译出,则显得过于繁琐。
2结语
谚语是不同文化的智慧结晶,反映各民族独特的风俗和文化。学习谚语不仅可以学习语言本身,同时也能让学生了解该国的历史,文化和风土人情。谚语的翻译不仅要保持原文的思想内容,同时也应尽量保持原文的风格以及其所蕴含的文化内涵。译者应根据实际情况选择不同的翻译方法,使得译文达意确切,自然传神。
第四篇:英汉常用谚语和名言警句
英汉常用谚语和名言警句
英汉常用谚语
1.A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near.海内存知己,天涯若比邻。
2.A common danger causes common action.同舟共济。3.A contented mind is a continual / perpetual feast.知足常乐。
4.A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑,长一智。
5.A guest should suit the convenience of the host.客随主便。
6.A letter from home is a priceless treasure.家书抵万金。
7.All rivers run into the sea.殊途同归。
8.All time is no time when it is past.机不可失,时不再来。
9.An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一日一个苹果,身体健康不求医。
10.As heroes think, so thought Bruce.英雄所见略同。11.A young idler, an old beggar.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。12.Behind the mountains there are people to be found.天外有天,山外有山。13.Bad luck often brings good luck.塞翁失马,安知非福。14.Bread is the stall of life.面包是生命的支柱。(民以食为天。)15.Business is business.公事公办。
16.Clumsy birds have to start flying early.笨鸟先飞。17.Courtesy costs nothing.礼多人不怪。18.Custom makes all things easy.习惯成自然。19.Desire has no rest.人的欲望无止境。
20.Difficult the first time, easy the second.一回生,二回熟。
21.Do not change horses in mid-stream.别在河流中间换马。22.Do not have too many irons in the fire.贪多嚼不烂。23.Do not pull all your eggs in one basket.别把所有的蛋都放在一个篮子里。(不要孤注一掷。)24.Do not teach fish to swim.不要班门弄斧。
25.East or west, home is the best.东奔西跑,还是家里好。26.Experience is the best teacher.实践出真知。27.Fact is stranger than fiction.事实比虚构更离奇。(大千世界,无奇不有。)28.Faith can move mountains.信念能移山。(精诚所至,金石为开。)29.First impressions are half the battle.先入为主。
英汉名言警句
1.he man who has made up his mind to win will never say “impossible”.凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能的”。-Bonapart Napoleon(法国皇帝拿破仑)
2.Our destiny offers not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity.命运给予我们的不是失望之酒,而是机会之杯。-Richard Nixon(美国总统尼克松)
3.Genius only means hard-working all one's life.天才只意味着终身不懈的努力。
-Mendeleyev(俄国化学家门捷列耶夫)4.You can tell the ideals of a nation by its advertisements.从一个国家的广告可以看出这个国家的理想。-Norman Douglas(英国作家道格拉斯)
5.The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.实现明天理想的唯一障碍是今天的疑虑。-Franklin Roosevelt(美国总统罗斯福)
6.The man with a new idea is a crank until the idea succeeds.具有新想法的人在其想法实现之前是个怪人。-Mark Twain(美国作家马克.吐温)
7.The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.人生重要的事情是确定一个伟大的目标,并决心实现它。-Johann Wolfgang von Goethe(德国诗人、剧作家歌德)8.A contented mind is the greatest blessing a man can enjoy in this world.知足是人生在世最大的幸事。
-Joseph Addison(美国作家艾迪生)
9.If you would know the value of money, go and try to borrow some.要想知道钱的价值,就想办法去借钱试试。-Benjamin Franklin(美国总统富兰克林)
10.Sometimes one pays most for the things one gets for nothing.有时候一个人为不花钱得到的东西付出的代价最高。-Albert Einstein(美国科学家爱因斯坦)
11.You have to believe in yourself.That's the secret of success.你必须相信自己,这是成功的关键。-Charles Chaplin(美国演员卓别林)
12.If you doubt yourself, then indeed you stand on shaky ground.如果你怀疑自己,那么你的立足点确实不稳固了。-Ibsen(挪威剧作家易卜生)
13.Ideal is the beacon.Without ideal, there is no secure direction;without direction ,there is no life.理想是指路明灯。没有理想,就没有坚定的方向;没有方向,就没有生活。
-Leo Tolstory(俄国作家托尔斯泰)
14.Don't part with your illusions, When they are gone you may still exist, but you have ceased to live.不要放弃你的幻想。当幻想没有了以后,你还可以生存,但是你虽生犹死。
-Mark Twain(马克。吐温)
15.Do not, for one repulse, give up the purpose that you resolved to effect.不要只因一次失败,就放弃你原来决心想要达到的目的。-Willian Shakespeare(莎士比亚)
16.A contented mind is the greatest blessing a man can enjoy in this world.知足是人生在世最大的幸事。
-Joseph Addison(美国作家艾迪生)
17.If you would know the value of money, go and try to borrow some.要想知道钱的价值,就想办法去借钱试试。-Benjamin Franklin(美国总统富兰克林)
18.you wish to succeed, you should use persistence as your good friend, experience as your reference, prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry.如果你希望成功,当以恒心为良友,以经验为参谋,以谨慎为兄弟,以希望为哨兵。
-Thomas Edison(美国发明家爱迪生)
19.Sometimes one pays most for the things one gets for nothing.有时候一个人为不花钱得到的东西付出的代价最高。-Albert Einstein(美国科学家爱因斯坦)
20.You have to believe in yourself.That's the secret of success.你必须相信自己,这是成功的关键。-Charles Chaplin(美国演员卓别林)
21.The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.人生重要的事情是确定一个伟大的目标,并决心实现它。-Johann Wolfgang von Goethe(德国诗人、剧作家歌德)
第五篇:英汉谚语的文化差异及翻译
英汉谚语的文化差异及翻译
A Study on the Cultural Differences of English and Chinese Proverbs and Translation Abstract:Proverbs, which derive from life are the condensation and embodiment of the language and culture of a nation.They can reflect geography, history, customs of a nation.So it is necessary to study a nation's proverbs when we try to study its culture.English and Chinese proverbs, being treasures of two different languages, see distinct differences resulted from cultural differences.This essay uses some typical examples to compare and analyze the differences between English and Chinese proverbs from the point of origin, geographical environment, customs, religious beliefs and historical culture, etc.Proverbs are difficult to translate because of their distinctive characteristics and their unique cultural backgrounds.In order to present an adequate translation of a proverb, we can use four translation methods flexibly: literal translation, free translation, equivalent translation and literal translation combined with free translation.Key words: English and Chinese proverbs;culture;cultural differences;translation principles;translation methods
一、引言
谚语来源于生活,是一个民族语言和文化的高度浓缩和集中体现。英国哲学家弗朗西斯•培根说:“Genius wit and spirit of a nation are discovered by their proverbs.”(一个民族的天赋、智慧和精神都从他们的谚语中表现出来)。由于地理、历史、宗教信仰、生活习俗等方面的差异,英汉谚语承载着不同的民族文化特色和文化信息,它们与文化传统紧密相连,不可分割。[1]本文借助一些典型的例子,从起源、地理环境、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、历史典故等文化侧面入手,探讨了英汉谚语之间存在的文化差异。
由于英汉两种语言的文化背景差异,同样字面意义、形象意义的话可能具有完全不同的隐含意义。隐含意义才是说话人或作者所要表达的真正意义。英汉谚语之间的多方面差异可归为两类:一是形象意义的差异,一是隐含意义(包括褒贬义)的差异,而它们都是字面以外的意义,即文化差异的具体反映。[2]本文试图对英汉谚语的翻译作一些探索,提出了英语谚语翻译的具体原则及方法。
那么何为谚语呢?谚语是通俗简练、生动活泼的韵语或短句,它经常以口语的形式在人民中间广泛地沿用和流传,是人民群众表现实际生活经验或感受的一种“现成话”。[3]它是在民间流传的固定短语,用简单通俗的话反映出深刻的道理,是社会经验的总结。谚语作为民间文学形式的一种,具有诗的活泼,文的凝重,熟语的简洁。[4]
二、英汉谚语中所反映的文化差异
英国文化人类学家爱德华·泰勒在《原始文化》(1871)一书中,首次把文化作为一个概念提了出来,并表述为:“文化包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其作为社会上习得的能力与习惯。”[5]可见文化的覆盖面很广。谚语作为文化的一个组成部分,反映一个民族丰富多彩的文化现象。英汉谚语所反映的文化差异主要表现在以下几个方面:
(一)、起源差异
首先,英汉谚语都受到宗教思想的影响,但同中又有异。英谚受基督教的影响,反映了基督教的伦理道德和行为规范,如:No respecter of persons.(一视同仁);Man propose,God disposes.(谋事在人,成事在天)等,而汉谚则受到“儒”、“释”、“道”三教的影响,如:“养儿防老,积谷防饥”是儒家的思想;“不看僧面看佛面”是佛教的思想;“饶人不是痴,过后讨便宜”是道家的思想。
其次,英汉谚语的起源差别还是很大的。英谚中有大量出自典章及名人的作品中那些脍炙人口的词句,如:Never say die.(永远不要说“死定了”)出自英国小说狄更斯的《匹克威克外传》;而汉语文史学家们则认为汉谚相当一部分出自社会生活和生产实践,如:“远亲不如近邻”是对日常生活经验的总结。
除此之外,英谚中有许多来自拉丁文、法文等的外来语,有些甚至保留了原文,如:Cherchez la femme.(找出祸水)这是一句保留在英文中而以法语原文形式出现的谚语;而汉谚吸收了大量少数民族谚语,如:“劣行过四十年仍会败露”来自维吾尔族谚语;英谚中有许多来自寓言故事、神话传说,如:Love is blind.(爱情是盲目的)来自罗马神话,而汉谚中有大量农谚,如“宁在时前,不在时后”。[6]
(二)、地理环境的差异
谚语的产生与人们的生活密切相关。英国是一个四面环海的岛国,英吉利海峡是欧洲许多国家通向大西洋的唯—出口,也是世界上最繁忙的海上要道之一。因此英国历史上航海业曾一度领先于世界,这对英谚的形成有很大的影响。英语中就有许多与航海有关的谚语,如:to take the wind out of one’s sail(先发制人,抢占上风),to go with the stream/tide(随波逐流、顺应时势),to be all at sea(不知所措)。英国独特的地理环境使捕鱼业在其经济中占有相当重要的地位,这也为英语留下了大量与渔业有关的谚语,如: hook(land)one's fish(如愿以偿,用诡计得到想要的东西),have other fish to fry(有其他鱼要煎——有其他事要做),play a fish(让上钩的鱼不停地拖动钩线而致疲乏)等。而中国是一个内陆国家,千百年来以农业为主,人与土地有着不可分割的联系。因此汉语中就有许多与河流、土地和农业有关的谚语如:一帆风顺、过河拆桥、隔岸观火、拔苗助长、五谷丰登、瓜熟蒂落、春华秋实、根深蒂固、沧海桑田等。
(三)、习俗差异
英汉习俗差异是英汉文化差异的一个重要方面,最典型的莫过于在对狗的态度上。狗在汉语中是一种卑微的动物。汉语中与狗有关的词语大都含有贬意:狐朋狗党、狗急跳墙、狼心狗肺、狗腿子等。尽管近年来养庞物狗的人数大大增加,狗的地位似乎有所改变,但狗的贬义形象却深深地留在汉语言文化中。而在西方英语国家,狗被认为是人类最忠诚的朋友,所以西方人不吃狗肉。英语中有关狗的谚语除了一部分因受其他语言的影响而含有贬义外,大部分都有褒义。在英语谚语中,常以狗的形象来比喻人的行为,如:Every dog has his day.(人皆有出头日);Love me, love my dog.(爱屋及乌)等。与此相反,中国人十分喜爱猫,用猫比喻人,常有亲呢的成份,如:A cat has nine lives.(吉人自有天相),而在西方文化中,猫被用来比喻心地恶毒的女人,如:Cats hide their claws.(知人知面不知心)。[8]以狐狸为形象时,汉语强调狐狸尾巴露出破绽。如:The tail does often catch the fox.(常凭尾巴抓到狐狸),而英语强调狐狸花招多,难对付,如:When the fox preaches, then beware your geese.(遇上狐狸说教,当心鸡鹅被盗)。汉语认为失去马也无妨,说不定会带来好运,如:塞翁失马,焉知非福,而在英语里认为马不可失,如:Better lose the saddle than the horse.(宁可丢鞍,不可失马)。
(四)、宗教信仰方面
宗教信仰是人们精神活动的一个方面,对民族文化有一定的影响。与宗教信仰有关的谚语也大量地出现在英汉语言中。佛教传入中国已有一千多年的历史,人们相信有佛祖在左右着人世间的一切,因此汉语中有许多含“佛”、“庙”等的谚语,如“借花献佛”、“无事不登三宝殿”;[9]汉语反映道教思想的谚语有“福兮祸所伏,祸兮福所倚”、“乐极生悲”等。以孔子为祖师的儒家学派在思想意识上也占有重要位置,儒家思想在汉语谚语体系中留下了宝贵的财富,如:“严于律己,宽以待人”、“恭敬不如从命”;有关幸福的谚语如:“平安就是福”、“身在福中不知福”;还有像“天下兴亡,匹夫有责”、“谁言寸草心,报得三春晖”等提倡伦理教化和道德修养的谚语。在西方许多国家,特别是在英美,人们信奉基督教,在基督教中,上帝是唯一的、至高无上的神。因此在宗教生活及其活动中产生了许多带有浓厚的宗教色彩的英语谚语,如:Nature does nothing in vain.(造物主无所不能);God helps those who help themselves.(上帝帮助自助的人);[10]In the right church,but in the wrong pew.(进对了教堂,但坐错了椅子)比喻“总的来说是对的,但细节上不对”。[11]
(五)、历史典故
英汉两种语言中还有大量由历史典故形成的谚语,在中国典籍中,谚语多半出现在诗书、传说、诸子论著中,这些谚语结构简单,意义深远,对人很有警策和教育意义。如“名落孙山”、“叶公好龙”等都来自历史典故。《诗经》中的“他山之石,可以攻玉”;《论语》中名句有“学而时习之,不亦乐乎?”、“有朋自远方来,不亦悦乎?”等。而英语典故谚语的来源主要有以下几个方面。一是来自《圣经》的谚语,如:We are all Adam’s children(我们都是亚当的子孙);二是来自希腊罗马神话的谚语,如:Pandora’s box(潘多拉之盒—灾难、麻烦、祸害的根源)。三是来自《伊索寓言》,如:a dog in the manger(狗占马槽,占着茅坑不拉屎)。[12]四是由莎士比亚等文学大师的作品中来,如:Brevity is the soul of wit.(简洁是智慧的灵魂)。[13]当然,英语谚语的来源不是单一的英国文献,而是多种来源,除以上提到的外,还有来自西欧各语言的谚语。例如,俄国作家列夫·托尔斯泰在《安娜·卡列尼那》一书中写的:All happy families resemble one another, every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.(幸福的家庭彼此相似,不幸的家庭各有其不幸)。来自法语的谚语有:Don’t put the cart before the horse.(不要本末倒置)等。
三、英语谚语翻译的具体原则和方法
语言是文化的表现形式。在一定程度上,汉谚反映汉族的文化特点,英谚反映了英语民族的文化特点。因此,翻译谚语时,仅以语言之间词汇的同义性(等价性)为前提,寻求对等是不够的。奈达(Nida)指出:“所有的翻译,不管它是诗歌还是散文,都必须关心接受者的反应;因此,翻译的最终目的,从它对观众产生的效果而看,是评价任何翻译的最基本的因素。”所以,在把英谚翻译成汉语时,译者须多运用汉语的表现手段,力求能再现英语谚语的语言风格和丰富内涵。只有多注意英谚字面以外所特有的语言内涵,才能使译文讽喻得当,宜于说理,又不失原来谚语所具有的语言形象。
关于翻译标准,中外翻译理论家们提出了不同的主张,从严复的“信、达、雅”,傅雷的“重神似不重形似”,到张培基先生提出的“忠实通顺”到美国著名的翻译理论家Eugene A·Nida(奈达)的“功能对等(functional equivalence)”或“动态对等(dynamic equivalence)”。这些主张虽然侧重点有所不同,但中心都是译文要忠实准确地表达原文的意义,保持原作的风格。所谓忠实表达原文的意义,指忠实表达原文的字面意义、形象意义和隐含意义三个方面。但是,并不是原文的每句话、每个词汇都同时具备三种意义,尤其是,任何两处语言文化都不可能完全相同,要把原文中的三种意义全部再现于译文常常是不可能的。如果字面意义或形象意义与隐含意义在翻译时由于文化的差异出现矛盾,字面意义或形象意义应当服从隐含意义。其次,原文的形象意义在目的语中可能会找不到对应—或者没有相同的形象,或者虽然形象相同,隐含意义却冲突,这时首先要考虑的是隐含意义的准确表达,可更换另一个译文作者熟悉的形象,或者舍弃形象意义,只译出隐含意义。总之,隐含意义,也就是原文意欲表达的意义是最重要的。[14]例如:East is East,and West is West.如果按字面意思译成“东就是东,西就是西”就不能完全表达该句的隐含意义,而译成“东方毕竟是东方,西方毕竟就是西方”能反映出作者对东西方差异的感叹。[15] 在翻译方法上,如果采用直译能准确表达原文意思应尽可能采用直译;如果直译不能再现原来谚语的丰富内涵,就可采用意译、对等翻译、直译和意译相结合等翻译方法,这样才能较完整地保留原文的神韵,使译文形象生动。下面简单介绍一下英语谚语的翻译方法:
(一)、直译法
所谓直译法就是指在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误联想的条件下,在译文中保留英语谚语的比喻形象和民族、地方色彩的方法。采用直译的谚语多半是英语和汉语在谚语的比喻和形象方面基本相同的部分,或者是直译后一目了然,不至于产生误解的。[16]如:Pactice makes perfect(熟能生巧); Walls have ears(隔墙有耳); New-born calves make little of tigers(初生牛犊不怕虎);A fire on city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat(城门失火,殃及池鱼)。[17]
(二)、意译法
有些英谚的表达方式因含有英语语言国家所特有的历史典故或文化背景,如果直译,则译文可能会牵强附会,也不易为中国读者所理解。因此在通常情况下舍弃原语的表达形式,采用意译,则可避免在某些情况下因直译而引起的拖泥带水,造成误解等弊病。例如,Achilles’s heel若直译为“阿克勒斯的脚后跟”并不能让大多数人理解,而译出它的隐含意义“唯一致命弱点”更恰当。[18]这样的例子还有:
1)In fair weather prepare for the foul.如译成“晴天要防阴天”,不如译成“有备无患”或“居安思危”或“未雨绸缪”。2)Murder will out.如译成“谋杀终必败露”,不如译成“纸包不住火”。
3)When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of war.如译成“希腊人相遇希腊人,定有一场好斗”,不如译为“两 雄相争,其斗必烈”。
4)Every man has a fool in his sleeve.如译成“人人袖子里都装着个傻瓜”,不如译为“人人都有糊涂的时候”。[19]
(三)、对等翻译
谚语是群众长期以来对社会现象和自然现象的规律以及生产生活经验的科学总结。英美国家人民和中国人民之间存在相似的经验和阅历,对世界的认识在不少方面也是相似的,这使两个民族的谚语具有很大的相似性。有些英语谚语和汉语谚语在内容上不谋而合,具有相同的内涵,运用或大体相同的形象,或大体相同的比喻和修辞来阐述相同的道理,在这种情况下,运用同义的汉语谚语来翻译英语谚语“一方面可使译文更加通顺,另一方面更容易为译文读者理解和接受。”(冯庆华,1995:144)如:
1)Diamond cut diamond(棋逢对手);2)Two can play the game(孤掌难鸣);
3)To fish in troubled waters(浑水摸鱼);4)Like father,like son(有其父必有其子)。[20]
(四)、直译和意译的结合
有时在翻译一些英语谚语时,单纯的直译使读者不能理解其含义,而意译也不能确切地表达原来谚语的含义。这时可采用直译、意译相结合的方法进行翻译,以弥补直译难达意,意译难传神的不足。译文可直译其字面意义,再点出隐含意义,使译文形象生动,以期收到画龙点睛的效果。[21]例如: 1)Cut your coat according to your cloth(量布裁衣,量入为出); 2)Even Homer sometimes nods(荷马也有瞌睡时,智者千虑,必有一失);
3)If I have lost the ring, yet the fingers are still there(戒指虽丢失,手指仍然在;留得青山在,不怕没柴烧)。英汉习语的翻译 bad egg坏蛋,歹徒。
Trust him nothing;he is a bad egg。别信他,他是个坏蛋。(2)crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪,假慈悲。
Don't weep crocodile tears with his misfortune.I know you have always detested him and are only too happy to see him ginto trouble。别假惺惺地为他的不幸难过了,我知道你一直讨厌他,看到他倒霉,心里可高兴哩!(3)cry wolf呼喊“狼来了”,发假情报。
That politician cries wolf in every speech he makes。那个政治家在他的每篇演说中都发假警报。fish in troubled waters混水摸鱼,乘人之危。
He's always been good at fishing in troubled waters;he made a lot of money by buying houses that were bombed in the w他总是善于乘人之危大捞一把,他靠购买在战争中遭过轰炸的房屋而赚了大量的钱财。(6)fish out of water离水之鱼,不得其所。
She felt like a fish of water at the evening party because she knew no one.她在晚会上感到很局促,因为她一个人也不认识there’s no smoke without fire无火不冒烟;无风不起浪。
The story is all over the town.It is being spread by someone or by some people.There's no smoke without fire.这个传说遍全城,有人或有些人还在散布。真是无火不冒烟。
(15)a thorn in the flesh(side)肉中刺;棘手的事,不断使某人烦恼的根源。
(l6)The memory of this act will be a thorn in the flesh for the rest of your life,my boy.这种行动会使你不断引起回忆。使终生烦恼,我的朋友。