句子的连接、并列复合句、状语从句

第一篇：句子的连接、并列复合句、状语从句

句子的连接、并列复合句、状语从句

1．句子的连接

导言：英语的五个基本句型，都为简单句。如何将两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来，就是句子的连接问题。

牢牢记住：逗号“，”不能连接两个句子

这是英语书面语中句子连接的核心思想，如：

错：He is ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.(他病了，今晚不能来参加派对。)改：He is ill and he cannot come to the party this evening.或： Because he is ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.或： He is ill so he cannot come to the party this evening.当然，还可以有其他几种改法。但不管怎么改，都必须有“连接词”，如上句中的 “and”, “because”, “so” 都称为“连接词”。不同的连接词有不同的句法功能，名称五花八门。为了便于学习，讲座中将尽量避免使用语法术语，大家只要记住“连接词”这个概念就可以了。

上述两个句子的连接，如果不用连接词连接，就必须将其中一个句子（一般为从句）的谓语动词改为“动词非谓语形式”，即：

Being ill, he cannot come to the party this evening.关于这个问题，将在“第五讲：动词非谓语形式”具体讨论。

举出上述例子，是想告诉考生一个重要的语法现象：当考题中出现两个句子（或类似两个句子的结构）要求连接时，A，B，C，D选项的正确答案要么是“连接词”，要么是“动词非谓语形式”，其他形式都是错的。这个概念对于应试是非常重要的。

例如：

Some metals are better conductors than others, ______ means that the former has atoms that contain more free electrons than the latter.A.it B.that C.this D.which

不要考虑这个句子是什么意思，首先看到的是这两个句子中间是个“，”号，其考点只有一个，即A，B，C，D四个选项中哪个是连接词。A，C在英语中不是连接词，永远不可能用来连接两个句子。这是个“非限制性定语从句”（具体概念见“第四讲”），故正确答案为D。

又如：

It ______ fine, all the students went to Xishan for a picnic.A.was B.is C.be D.being 这两个句子中间又是个“，”号。显然，这道题的A，B，C，D选项不是连接词，而是“动词”，只有用“动词非谓语形式”才能把这两个“句子”连起来，故正确答案只能是D。

一再强调的一个思想是：对于某些语法题，解题思路比单纯认识几个英文单词更为重要。

英语中，句子的连接有以下几种形式： 1）并列复合句 2）状语从句

3）定语从句（含同位语从句）

4）名词性从句（即主、宾、表语从句）2． 并列复合句

简单地说，由简单并列连词and, but, or，或复合并列连词both… and…, neither…nor…, either…or…, not only…but also…连接的句子称为并列复合句。

重点： 1）and表示“转折” 所以要确定，应根据上下文，特别是两个句子中的用词是“同方向的”还是“反方向的”，前者一般用 “and”, 后者一般用 “but”，.例如：

There was little rain last year______ the farmers still got a bumper crop.这个句中“little rain”（少雨）和“a bumper crop”（丰收）是相反方向的用词，故应填“but”。请回忆一下“第一讲”中的有关示例。3）or-解释为“或者”，表示选择，但在“非真实条件句中”解释为“否则”，引出“含蓄虚拟式” 4）关于复合并列连词，主要注意两个问题，一是“数”，二是句子的“均衡”。

在历年军队职称考试中，并列复合句方面的题出得较少。3． 状语从句

所谓状语从句，是指用来说明主句行为（或状态）发生的时间、原因、条件、地点、目的、结果及方式等。

1)时间状语从句：记住以下连接词的意思和重点：(1)when / while / as（当…时侯）

注意：while除了做时间状语的连接词外，还解释为“虽然…”，“而…”。

例如：He is very diligent, while she is very lazy.(他很勤奋，而她却很懒。)(2)before(after)在…之前（后）

(3)until / not until（直到）注意：not until放在句首时，往往要求倒装(4)as soon as / once(一…就…)(5)immediately / instantly / directly 原本是副词，这里作连接词，表示“一…就…”，例如： I knew I had made a mistake directly(或用immediately / as soon as)I had done it.(刚做完这件事，我就知道我做错了。)(6)the moment / each time / every time / next time / the first time / the instant / the year原本是名词或副词，这里作连接词用。

(7)hardly(scarcely)…when… / no sooner…than…“一…就…” 注意：这是时间状语考试的重点句型，一是不要把两个句型中的when和than的搭配搞错了，二是要用倒装语序。

例如：

Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang.(我刚坐下，电话铃就响了。)重点：在时间（和条件）状语中，用一般时代替将来时。

例如：

We'll start as soon as the leader ______.(领导一来就开始。)A.comes B.is coming C.will come D.came 根据英语“时态一致性”原则，主句与从句的时态应一致，答案似乎应该是B或C，但是正确答案是A，因为在时间状语中，用一般时代替将来时。将上句改为过去时，道理也一样： He said(that)we would start as soon as the leader _____.A.came B.was coming C.would come D.comes 答案应为A 2)条件状语从句：分真实条件句和非真实条件句（虚拟语气）重点：在条件（时间）状语中，用一般时代替将来时（可参见时间状语从句例子）

虚拟语气（见“第六讲”）

主要连接词：

(1)if / unless(除非 = if not 如果不)例如：

Children should not be taken into the room of a very sick person ______ there is some special reason for it.A.except B.besides C.unless D.whereas 解题思路：根据上面说过的连接原则，这里必须是一个“连接词”，而A，B都是介词，因此正确答案只能在C，D中选。“whereas”意为“而”，故正确答案为C。（不应把儿童带到重病人房间，除非有某种特殊原因。）

(2)provided / on condition that(跟句子)（如果…）知道这也是连接词就可以了，一般说，当考题中出现这种词时，应倾向选择。3)原因状语从句：

主要连接词：because/ since / as 要点：不要把连接词 because与介词短语because of(+ 名词或-ing形式)相混淆；

不要把表示原因的since与表示时间的since“自从…”相混淆；

不要把表示原因的as与表示时间的as“随着…”相混淆；

顺便提一下，because表示直接“因果关系”，而since, as 是对事实的说明，主句和从句之间并不一定具有“因果关系”。

例如：

As you are already 18 years old, you should know what to do and what not to do.(你已经18岁了，应该知道什么该干什么不该干。)这个句子用because连接就不太合适。好在军队职称考试中并不要求作这种分辨。

…for 注意：一般只能放在主句后面，即主句 + for从句，例如： He must have gone to bed, for it is too late.(他肯定已经睡了；现在已经很晚了。)--该句不能用because now that / seeing that / considering that（由于…）

Seeing that this problem was settled, they proceeded to the next one.（鉴于这个问题已经解决，他们开始进行下一个问题。）n …in that（在于…）一般放在主句后面，例如：

Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages as a tool to communicate.(人比动物高等，因为人能以语言作为工具进行交际。)４)让步状语从句：

主要连接词：although（虽然）/ even if(though)（即使）/ while（尽管）后两个是考试的重点。no matter what…(= whatever无论…什么…)/ no matter how…(=however，无论怎样…)/ whether…or not（不论…还是…）这是让步句考试的重点。

例如：

No matter what(或Whatever)may happen, we will not change our plan.(无论可能发生什么，我们决不改变计划。)No matter how difficult(或However difficult)the journey may be, we will not change our plan.（不管路程有多难，我们决不改变计划。）

We should not worry her whether she is well or ill(或whether she is ill or not).（无论她身体好坏，我们都不应使她烦恼。）注意：no matter what后面跟名词或名词性结构；no matter how后面跟形容词或副词，不要搞错；用了no matter what / no matter how就不能再用whatever / however。

５)比较状语从句：

这是英语语法必考内容，要特别加以重视。

基本概念：两个比较级，三个或三个以上最高级。要对数字“2”特别敏感，试选择： Of Mary and Jane, who is ______? A.smart B.the smartest C.more smarter D.the smarter 解题思路：很显然这是一道考形容词比较级的题目，从句子结构和选题A可以判断smart是个形容词原级，因此可以断定C的形式错了（重复比较，如不能说more happier 一样的道理）。B是最高级，但句中只有两个人Mary 和Jane，因此正确答案只能是D，这是一个较特殊的比较级句型，即the + 形容词比较级 + of(两个)。

比较级的主要句型：

(1)原级比较：as +形容词或副词原级+ as，否定式：not so(或as)+形容词或副词原级+ as 注意问题：as…as 之间的形容词或副词是否采用了原级；as…as 之间该用形容词还是副词；用as much as 还是用as many as 表示倍数时用下面结构，如3倍：three times as …as…

例如：

The size of the island is about ______ that of this one.A.three times as much as B.as three times much as C.as three times greater than D.three times as big as 解题思路：B、C违反了上述句型规定，A、D的区别是size（大小 / 尺寸）是与much搭配还是与big搭配，D是对的。

（2）比较级：more …than…

注意：

1）比较形式是否正确，如是否有类似“more better”这样重复比较的错误； 2）两者之间是比较级，三者以上是最高级，看看是“两者”还是“三者或三者以上;3）只有同类的人或物才能比较（可比性）；比较不能包括”自己“，常用other表示排除。

例如不能说：

He is taller than any students in this class.而应说：

He is taller than any other student(s)in this class.4）修饰比较级的词有：much, even, far, by far, still, a lot, a bit 等，例如： John did badly in the sports meet.I did even worse(than John did).你能看出下句的问题吗？

His salary as a bus driver is more higher than a teacher.(他是个公共汽车司机，他的工资要比教师高。)该句有两个大错1）high的比较级为higher，2）主语his salary（他的工资）而比较对象是a teacher，两者不可比，怎样的表达才是对的呢？请选择： His salary as a bus driver is much higher ______.A.in comparison with a teacher B.than a teacher C.than a teacher's D.than that of a teacher's 正确答案是C，也可以写成than that of a teacher（请联系名词格的概念想一想）最高级the most of +比较范围 / 最高级+名词+that（不是which）定语从句，例如： This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.(这是我看过的最有趣的电影。)the more…the more…

The longer you wear glasses, the more you depend on them.(眼镜戴的时间越长越有依赖性。)考试时，一般只要认准”the“ 和比较级形式就不难判别。

其他表示比较意思的形式

A is superior / inferior to B（A 比B高级 / 低级）

注意：superior/ inferior前不能再加 more 或者less;用to不是用 than。

例如：

Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages to communicate.（人比动物高级在于人能用语言进行交际。）prefer… rather than(宁可…而不…)例如：

I preferred to stay out in the cold rather than spend the night there.(我宁可呆在外面受冷，也不在那儿过夜。)Would rather…than…..(用法和意思与上句型差不多)6)地点状语从句：

主要连接词：where / wherever / everywhere 注意地点状语从句中where与定语从句中关系副词where的区别与联系： Put the book where it is.(把书放好，即”把书放在该放的地方。)Put the book in the place where it is.以上两个句子的意思是一样的，第一个句子是“地点状语从句”，第二个句子是“定语从句”（详见“第四讲”），where作关系副词修饰the place 7)方式状语从句：

as按时（正如…/ 就象…）

Air is to man as water is to fish.要点：不要把as 与like 混淆，like是介词，不是连接词, 如不能说：All plants need air like they need water，应为：All plants need air as they need water.（所有的植物需要空气，正如他们需要水一样。）

as if / as though（好象…）可以是真实的，也可以是“虚拟”的，如：

The meat tastes as if(though)it has already gone bad.（这肉吃起来好象变质了。--确实坏了）

He speaks English as though(if)he were an Englishman.(他说起英语来好象英国人。--他不是英国人，动词用的是were)8）目的 / 结果状语从句

目的状语从句：

so that / in order that lest / for fear that(惟恐… / 一以免…)注意：该句型一般使用“should型”虚拟式（见“第六讲”）

结果状语从句：

so…that / such…that…/ so that / that / so The professor speaks so fast that we find it difficult to follow him.（这位教授讲话很快，我们感到很难理解他讲话的意思。要点：so + 形容词或副词）

He give me such good advice that I finished the task smoothly.(他给了我很好的建议，因此我顺利地完成了任务。要点：such + 名词)The film was such that everyone was deeply moved.（这部电影如此精彩，每个观众都被深深打动了。要点：such在这里做代词，可以理解为：The film is such a good film that…）

顺便提一下，“…，only to do…” 虽不属于从句，但是是一个重要的表(意想不到的)结果的句型，请记住，例如：

For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to be told to return the next day.(为这个决定我们几乎等了三个小时，可结果被告知第二天返回。)从考试角度看，状语从句的重点是：时间、原因、条件、让步和比较

第二篇：初中英语语法复合句状语从句教案

第14单元 复合句—状语从句

状语从句在句中作状语，修饰句中的动词、形容词或副词等。

状语从句由从属连词作关联词，从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。状语从句在主句之前，一般要用逗号分开，朗读时用升调。状语从句在主句之后，一般不用逗号，朗读时用降调。

状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等类型。

1.时间状语从句

(1)常用的连词有when, while, before, after, until(till),since, as soon as等。

(2)时间状语从句中一般不用将来时，若谈论将来的事情，往往用一般现在时代替。

『例』 I'll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.As soon as he finishes the work, he will come to see me.(3)when和while都表示“当……的时候”，但有区别。when强调“特定时间”。

『例』 There was a loud knock at the door when he was just falling asleep.while表示的时间是一段，而不是一点。

『例』 While he was having supper, he heard someone knock at the door.while有时还有对比的含义。

『例』 While I was reading, he was writing.2.原因状语从句

(1)常由because, since, as引导。

(2)because表示直接的原因，着重点在从句，用于回答why,语气最强。『例』 I can't go to school because I am ill.since一般表示对方已知的，无须加以说明的既成事实的理由，全句中心在主句，语气比because弱，常译为“既然”。

『例』 Since you are ill, I'll go alone.as表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系，着重点在主句，语气较弱。常译为“由于”。

『例』 As it is raining hard, we won't go hiking.

for是个并列连词，只能放在另一个并列分句后面，表示一种推理或解释，或用作附加说明，而不是指理由或原因，语气最弱，一般不放在句首，常译成“因为”。

『例』 You haven't met him, for he didn't come here.3.条件状语从句

常由if(假如、如果)No matter(不管)来引导。

『例』 No matter what he says，I won't believe him，如果主句是一般将来时，从句往往用一般现在时来表示将来。『例』 I'll go for a picnic if it is fine.4.结果状语从句

一般由so...that, such...that引导。

『例』It's such a heavy box that nobody can move it.The box is so heavy that nobody can move it.5.目的状语从句

往往由so that, in order that引导。

『例』I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.He set off early in order that he might be in time.6.比较状语从句

常由as...as, than, not as/so...as等引导。比较从句部分常是省略句，『例』 I'm taller than he(is).Science is not as popular as English.7.方式状语从句 常用as引导。

『例』 You should do it as I told you.8.让步状语从句

由though或although等引导，但不能与but同时连用。『例』 Though it snowed heavily, they kept on working.9.地点状语从句

常用where, wherever引导。『例』 I'll go where work is hard.

第三篇：复合句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)教案

复合句（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句）

定语从句

考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句

1．whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是名词＋of which或of which＋名词。of whom 可以代替whose指人，词序是名词＋of whom。

2．which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that；which代指前面整个句子内容。

3．who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

考点二 介词提前了的定语从句

1．与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。2．与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。

3．of＋which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)考点三 关系副词引导的定语从句

1．关系副词在定语从句中作状语，when指时间，where指地点，why指原因，在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。

2．先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。

考点四 先行词为point, situation, case等的定语从句

point，situation，case，activity等，从表面上看它们不是表地点的，但却表示类似地点的意义，因此它们作先行词时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，那么这个引导词要用where；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。

名词性从句

考点一 主语从句

主语从句在主句中作主语，位于主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况下由it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句子的后面，其句型结构为：It＋be＋n./adj.＋that/whether/why/when＋从句。考点二 同位语从句

1．同位语从句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt 等名词的后面，是对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面名词的具体含义。2．同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词只起引导作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。考点三 表语从句

表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句的系动词之后。引导表语从句的连词有that，whether，as if；疑问代词有who，what，which；疑问副词where，why，when，how等。考点四 “疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”的区别

“疑问词＋ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”虽然都有“无论……”的意思，但是用法有区别：“疑问词＋ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而“no matter＋疑问词只能用来引导状语从句。

状语从句

考点一 时间状语从句

1．表示时间的状语从句可以由when，whenever，as，while，before，until，ever since，as soon as等词引导。

【温馨提示】when可表原因，意为“既然”。

How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen? 既然你什么也听不下去你怎么期望学东西呢？

2．as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。

3．no sooner...than和hardly...when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时。若把no sooner, hardly提到句首，主句须倒装。考点二 条件状语从句

1．通常由if，unless如果不，除非，as(so)long as 只要，in case “结果，万一”等连词引导。2．由on condition(that)；provided(that)；providing(that)(假若；倘使)；supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。考点三 地点状语从句

1．通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。2．地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Where there's a will，there's a way.有志者事竟成。考点四 让步状语从句

1.由although，though，as引导的状语从句although和though同义，用法基本相同。前者较正式，多置于句首；后者较通俗、口语化。

【温馨提示】 as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语，语序要倒装。Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，但是他知道得很多。

2．even if, even though表示“即使，纵然”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。3．whether(...or)引导让步状语从句，提供两个或两个以上的假设。4．由疑问词＋ever引导让步状语从句。考点五 原因状语从句

原因状语从句常用because, since, as, for引导，还可用now that(既然)，considering that...(考虑到……)，not that...but that(不是因为……而是因为)等引导。考点六 结果状语从句

结果状语从句由so that, so...that, such that, such...that等词引导。

复合句专项练习

1.The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.A.which

B.whose

C.when

D.where 【解析】答案：B 句意：这家校内商店放假时关门，它的顾客主要是学生。考查定语从句。本句没有并列连词也没有从属连词，故可判断逗号后面是非限制性定语从句；本句先行词是the school shop，还原到从句后为：The school shop’s customers are mainly students.因此选B，用whose引导定语从句，关系代词whose在从句中作定语。

2.The old town has narrow streets and small houses ________ are built close to each other.A.they

B.where

C.what

D.that 【解析】答案：D 句意：这个古老的小镇拥有建造得彼此靠得很近的狭窄街道和小房子。本题考查定语从句。先行词是narrow streets and small houses，还原到从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that。A和C不能引导定语从句；B是关系副词，不能作主语。3.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ________ she spoke fluently.A.who

B.whom

C.which

D.that 【解析】答案：C 句意：Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语，所有的(三门语言)她都说得很流利。先行词为German，French，Russian，代入定语从句后为：She spoke all of the three languages fluently.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作of的宾语，先行词指“物”，且介词提前，故用which。4.Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days ago, ________ some have gone bad due to the bad weather.A.of those

B.from which

C.of which

D.in which 【解析】答案：C 考查定语从句。此处表示“其中的一些西红柿”，故用“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句。

5.As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem ________ they cannot work out.A.that

B.if

C.in order that

D.as 【解析】 答案：D 句意：作为老师，我很少给我的学生难以解决的问题。先行词为so difficult a problem，代入定语从句后为：They cannot work out so difficult a problem.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作宾语。“so或such＋名词”作先行词、且先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，需用as引导定语从句。本题易误选为A项，用that引导状语从句，但状语从句应是完整的，所以，如选A项，题干应该为：As a teacher，I seldom give my students so difficult a problem that they cannot work it out.作为老师，我很少给我的学生如此难的问题以至他们不能解决。

6.It is still under discussion ___ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.A.whether

B.when

C.which

D.where 【解析】答案：A 本题考查名词性从句。句意：那个旧公交车站是否应该被一家现代化宾馆所取代仍在讨论中。“It”作形式主语，“________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”作真正的主语。根据句意及题干中的“or not”可知答案为whether，“whether...or not”在名词性从句中意为：是否。

7.She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do ________ it takes to save her life.A.whichever

B.however

C.whatever

D.whoever 【解析】答案：C 句意：她对我们弥足珍贵。我们已经准备好尽一切努力挽救她的生命。这里的whatever既作take的宾语，也引导do后的宾语从句。

8.Being angry is OK, but knowing how to tell someone ________ made you angry is important.A.that

B.which

C.why

D.what 【解析】答案：D 考查名词性从句。句意：生气没什么，但是知道如何告诉别人什么导致你生气是很重要的。tell someone之后是宾语从句，且从句缺少主语，因此空处填what。9.In recent years, there has been a heated argument about ________ it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.A.whether

B.if

C.what

D.that 【解析】答案：A 考查宾语从句。空白处在介词about之后，表示“是否”之意，且在介词之后引导宾语从句，只能用whether，介词后通常不用if引导宾语从句。

10.The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware ________ she had gone.A.that where

B.of the place which

C.of what

D.of where 【解析】答案：D 句意：全家人都为詹妮担心，因为没人知道她去哪里了。be aware of知道，为固定搭配；where引导的从句作介词of的宾语。

11.He had no sooner finished his speech ________ the students started cheering.A.since

B.as

C.when

D.than 【解析】答案：D 本题考查固定句式。句意：他刚做完演讲，学生们就开始欢呼起来。no sooner往往与than连用，意为：一……就……。故答案为D项。

12.As is reported, it is 100 years ________ Qinghua University was founded.A.when

B.before

C.after

D.since 【解析】答案：D 考查状语从句。句意：据报道，自从清华大学成立已经有100年了。这里用句式“It be＋一段时间＋since引导的状语从句”表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。

13.No matter how ________, it is not necessarily lifeless.A.a desert may be dry

B.dry a desert may be C.may a desert be dry

D.dry may a desert be 【解析】答案：B 本题考查让步状语从句。句意：无论沙漠可能会多么干燥，那里也未必没有生命。“no matter how＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语”构成让步状语从句。四个选项中只有B项符合要求。

14.Having checked everything, he sat down to do his homework, ________ he heard a lightening strike the electricity pole in the backyard.A.for

B.when

C.or

D.but 【解析】答案：B 考查连词。句意：检查了所有的东西之后，他坐下来开始写作业，这时他听到闪电击中了后院的电线杆的声音。此处用when表示“这时”。

15.If you are traveling __ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.A.in which

B.what

C.when

D.where 【解析】答案：D 句意：如果你正在一个风俗迥异的地方旅行，请入乡随俗。where引导地点状语从句；A项in which在定语从句的引导词，缺少先行词，所以不正确。16.--Could you please cut the price a little?--Er...________ you buy more than ten.A.even if

B.so long as

C.in case

D.as soon as 【解析】答案：B 句意：— 你能降一点价吗？— 呃……只要你买十个以上。so long as只要；even if即便，即使；in case以防万一；as soon as一……就……。

17.It was foolish of you to take a taxi ________ you could easily walk there in five minutes.A.though

B.as long as

C.so that

D.when 【解析】答案：D 考查连词。句意：你五分钟就可以走到那儿的，可你还打的去，真是太傻了。根据语意可知此处用when引导状语从句，意为“既然，考虑到”。though意为“尽管，虽然”；as long as意为“只要”；so that意为“为了”，都不符合题意。18.________ one is fully prepared, out door sports can sometimes mean injuries.A.Until

B.Because

C.When

D.Unless 【解析】答案：D 考查连词辨析。句意：要是没有充分准备的话，户外运动有时会意味着受伤。根据语意选D项，表示“如果不……；除非……”。

19.There she was, standing exactly ________ I had left her, crying bitterly.A.when

B.that

C.where

D.in which 5 【解析】答案：C 考查状语从句。句意：她就站在我刚才离开她的那个地方悲痛地哭。where I had left her是地点状语从句。

20.The new teacher was so well organized that she began ________ we stopped yesterday so that no point was left out.A.when

B.in which

C.how

D.where 【解析】答案：D 考查状语从句。句意：这位新老师条理非常清楚，她从我们昨天停止的地方开始，没有遗漏要点。where we stopped yesterday是状语从句。21.--Could you do me a favour?

--It depends on ________ it is.A.which

B.whichever

C.what

D.whatever 【解析】答案：C what在此导宾语从句，what在宾语从句中用作表语，句意为：这要看是什么(即这要看你要我帮什么忙)。

22.________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter what

B.No matter which

C.Whatever

D.whichever 【解析】答案：D 从句意上看，应一个表示“无论哪一个”的选项，因此B和D比较合适，但No matter which只用于引导状语从句，不用于引导名词性从句，故不能选B。23.--It’s thirty years since we last met.--But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ________ we got lost on a rainy night.A.which

B.that

C.what

D.when 【解析】答案：B that在此引导同位=语从句，修饰名词the story。此题的难点是，其中插入了believe it or not，使问题变得复杂了。

24.See the flags on top of the building? That was ________ we did this morning.A.when

B.which

C.where

D.what 【解析】答案：D what在此引导表语从句，同时what在表语从句中用作动词did的宾语，其意相当于did the thing that。

25.A warm thought suddenly came to me ________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.A.if

B.when

C.that

D.which 【解析】答案：C that在此引导同位语从句，修饰名词thought。此题的难点是，名词thought与修饰它的同位语从句被分离开了。

26.The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.6 A.which was

B.it was

C.which were

D.them were

【解析】答案：C 容易误选A 或B, 将A、B 中的 which和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。around which were high mountains是一个由 “介词+which” 引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains, around which是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。

请做下面一组题（答案均为C）：

（1）Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.A.which is

B.it is

C.which are

D.them are（2）The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.A.which are

B.it is

C.which is

D.them are（3）Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food.A.which are

B.it is

C.which is

D.them are 27.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”

A.that

B.which

C.where

D.what

【解析】答案：C 容易误选 B，认为around 是介词，选which用以代替前面的名词hospital, 在此用作介词 around 的宾语。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词, 意为 “在附近”；其后的 where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital, 句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去买药治我的手伤？ 28._____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It

B.As

C.That

D.What

【解析】答案：B 容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：

_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It

B.As

C.That

D.What

此题答案选 A，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。再比较下面一组题，其中第（1）题选 B，第（2）题选 D：

7（1）______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A.Which

B.As

C.That

D.It（2）______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A.Which

B.As

C.That

D.It 29.Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.A.which

B.when

C.how

D.where 【解析】答案：A which 在定语从句中用作主语。

30.Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.A.where

B.when

C.that

D.which 【解析】答案：A where 在定语从句中用作状语。

附加题

1.David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.A.that

B.who

C.as

D.whom 【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such…… that ……句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。最佳答案为C, 不是A, 因为在such…… that ……（如此……以至……）结构中，that引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such …… that ……，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C 的理由如下：as用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为 “所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A, 能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A, 因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him。David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.A.that

B.who

C.as

D.whom 请再做以下试题（答案选D）：

It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.A.like

B.that

C.which

D.as 2.The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A.that

B.it

C.them

D.which

【陷阱】容易误选 C, 用 them 代指 the buses。最佳答案是D。most of which were already full为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D。

8（1）His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.A.that

B.it

C.them

D.which（2）Ashdown forest, through _______ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.A.that

B.it

C.them

D.which

（3）This I did at nine o’clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.A.that

B.it

C.them

D.which 类似地, 以下各题选 whom, 不选 them:（4）George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A.that

B.him

C.them

D.whom

（5）Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A.that

B.who

C.them

D.whom（6）I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.A.that

B.who

C.them

D.whom 3.He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who

【陷阱】容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students。最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of ……的前面加上连词and，则选答案B.比较以下各题（答案均选A）:（1）He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that

（2）He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.A.them

B.which

C.what

D.that（3）He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who（4）He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of ____ knew anything about the other.A.them

B.whom

C.which

D.who 4.He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who

【陷阱】容易误选 A, 认为这是非限制性定语从句。最佳答案是B, 这不是非限制性定语从 句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个 过去分词。当然，假若在 invited前加上助动词 were, 则是一个非限制性定语从句, 答案

便应选A。比较：

（1）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that 答案选B, none of them carried out in their work是独立主格结构，carried out 为过去分词。

（2）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _____ were carried out in their work.A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that 答案选A, none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较 句中多了一个助动词were.（3）They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of __ were carried out in their work.A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that

答案选B, 由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but, 使得该句成了一个并列句。

5.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ____ parents seated together joking.A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that 【陷阱】容易误选, 认为这是非限制性定语从句。最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后 的动词seated不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以 下相似题：

（1）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that 选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated.（2）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that 选A。因为句中有并列连词and, 整个句子为并列句。

（3）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting together joking.A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that 选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。

（4）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ____ parents sat together joking.A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that 10 选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语sat。（5）On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that 选B。whose parents were sitting together joking为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting。

6.If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.A.as

B.which

C.what

D.that

【陷阱】容易误选A 或B, 认为这是非限制性定语从句。正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that, 而不选 which：（1）If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.A.as

B.which

C.and it

D.that（2）If you want a double room, _____ will cost another￡15.A.as

B.which

C.what

D.that（3）Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.A.that

B.which

C.and it

D.so（4）When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.A.as

B.which

C.what

D.that 7.She says that she’ll never forget the time _ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.A.which

B.when

C.how

D.where 【陷阱】容易误选B, 机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where.正确答案为A.在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that。比较下面一组题：（1）She says that she’ll never forget the time _______ she works as a secretary in our company.A.which

B.when

C.how

D.where 选B。由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when。（2）Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.A.which

B.when

C.how

D.where 选A。which在定语从句中用作动词 bought 的宾语。

第四篇：【最新整理】2014年中考英语分类复习练习并列复合句与状语从句用法详解

初中英语分类练习

——并列复合句与状语从句

并列复合句

由并列连词(and, but, or, so, not only„but also, however, neither„ nor, either„or, still)把两个或两个以上的互相独立的分句连接而成的句子叫做并列句。并列句之间的关系有并列、转折、选择、因果等关系。

1.并列关系

He is a lovely boy and he is helpful.他很可爱，乐于助人。

2．转折关系

I can come, but will be a little late.我能来，但是要稍晚一些。

3.选择关系

Either give a hand, or leave right away.或者帮忙，或者立刻离开。

4.因果关系

She is kind to the others, so all of us love her.她对别人很好，所以我们都喜欢她。

状语从句

在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词的从句叫状语从句。例如：He didn't go to school yesterday because he was ill.（修饰动词go）昨天他没去上学，因为他病了。

We must study so well as our teacher hoped.（修饰副词well）我们应该学得你我们老师希望的那么好。

Lucy is younger than Jim(is)。（修饰形容词younger）

露茜比吉姆年轻。

状语从句的语序应是主语+谓语+其他成分，即陈述句的语序。

状语从句的位置，可以放在主句前面或后面，但是若放在主句前面，要用逗号与主句分开；主句若是疑问句，那么时间状语从句只能放在主句的前面。

状语从句的用法

状语从句根据它表达的意思不同可分为时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句和让步状语从句。状语从句如果放在主句前通常用逗号分开。

1）时间状语从句

时间状语从句由when, while, after, before, since, as soon as, till, until等连词引导。

例如：

I went to bed after the TV play was ever.电视剧完了以后我上床睡觉。

Could you look after her while we're away?

我们不在时你能照顾她吗？

She has taught in this school since she came to this city in 1989.自从****年她来到这座城市以来一直在这所学校教书。

Wait until I come back.请你等到我回来。

注意：

如主句是一般将来时，则表示将来的时间状语只用一般现在时。

例如：

I'll write to you as soon as I get to Beijing.我一到北京就将写信给你。

It will get warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天来临时，天气将变得越来越暖和。

2）原因状语从句

原因状语从句由because, as, since等连词引导。

例如：

He sold the car because it was too small.他卖掉那辆小汽车，因为它太小了。

Since you won't help me, I must do the job myself.你既然不帮我忙，我必须自己做这项工作。

As my mother is away at this moment, I have to look after my younger sister.由于我的妈妈现在不在，我不得不照顾我的妹妹。

注意：

a）because, as, since, for的用法辨析

because, as, since, for都是表示各种理由的连词，但because多表示所叙述的理由是本句的重点，故because所引导的从句常放在句末。

例如：

Why was he absent? Because he was badly ill.他为什么缺度？因为他病得很重。

as, since用于表示理由是已知，而理由以外才是叙述的重点，两者皆多用于句首，但要注意since重形式，as多表示理由以外的才是重点。

例如：

As it is raining, let's stay as home.因为下雨，我们就留在家里吧。

Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive.因为你没有驾驶执照，所以你不可以开车。

for不用于句首，而用于主句之后，补充说明理由；主句表推测时，用for说明原因。例如：

I'll follow his advice, for he is a doctor.我会听从他的劝告，因为他是医生。

b）because of也是表示原因状语，但后面只能跟短语。例如：

I stayed at home because of the bad weather.因为天气不好我留在家里。

3）比较状语从句

比较状语从句由than或as来引导。例如：

I feel better now than(I was)before.我现在觉得比以前好了。

He writes as well as you(do).他写得和你一样好。

This problem is more difficult than that one(is).这道题比那道题难。

4）条件状语从句

条件状语从句由if, unless（= if not）算连词引导。条件从句中的动词多用一般现在时表示将来。例如：

I shall go if he asks me.如果他请我，我就去。

I shan't go unless he asks me.除非他请我，否则我是不去的。

I shall go, whether he asks me or not.不管他请不请我，我都要去。

Come with me if you have time.如果你有时间请跟我来。

I want to watch a basketball match if I'm well tonight.如果今晚我好了的话，我要看一场篮球赛。

由and连接的简单句，可以用条件状语从句来改写。例如：

Run faster and you'll catch up with him.跑快点儿你就会赶上他。

=If you run faster, you'll catch up with him.如果你跑得快点，你就会赶上他。

5）结果状语从句

结果状语从句由so that, so„ that引导。例如：

He has lost his bike so that he can't come to school on time.（结果状语）他去了自行车，所以不能准时到校。

Your shirt were so dirty that you must wash it.（结果状语）

你的衬衣这么脏，你应该把它洗洗。

注意：

由so„that引导的状语从句若是表示否定意思，可以用too„to（太„而不能）来替换。例如：

She was so angry that she could not say a word.=She was too angry to say a word.她气得说不出话来。

6）让步状语从句

让步状语从句一般用though（虽然）、although（虽然）、even though（即使）引导。例如：

Though/Although he tried hard, he was not successful.他虽然努力尝试，但没有成功。

He went on working though it was very late.虽然很晚了，他还在继续工作。注意：

1．汉语中的“虽然„但是„”在英语中用连词though就可以了，或单独使用but连接两个并列句也可以，但不能在一个句子中同时用这两个连词（主句前不用连词）。例如：“虽然我很喜欢照顾我姐姐的婴儿，但她不让我干”。

这个句子我们可以用下面两种方法来表达。

Though I like looking after my sister's baby, she doesn't let me do it.I like looking after my sister's baby, but she doesn't let me do it.=though可以与yet连用，这里yet虽然意思与but相同，但yet不是连词，而是副词。例如：Though it was cold, yet he went out without a coat.虽然很冷，但他没穿外衣就出去了。

二、复习时需要注意的要点

（1）当整句句子处于过去时的情况下，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

（2）当整句句子处于将来时的情况下，总是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。

（3）由when引导的时间状语从句，句子处于将来时的情况下，与所有的时间状语从句一样，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。

例如：I am going to be a doctor when I grow up

（4）整句句子处于将来时的情况下，且两个动作同时进行，则持续的那个动作用过去进行时，瞬间的那个动作用一般过去时。

例如：I met my English teacher when I was walking in the street.（5）像He turned on TV set at once when he got home，整句句子处于过去时的情况下，且两个动作先后发生，when=after，则时态与after一致，主句从句都用一般过去时。

（6）像The class had already begun when I entered the classroom.整句句子处于过去时的情况下，且两个动作先后发生，但这里的when=before，则时态与before一致，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

实战演练

一、例题选讲

例1 He ________ the exam if he ________ harder.A． passes„works

C． will pass„will work

答案： B

提示： 在英语中，if既能够引导宾语从句，又能够引导状语从句。但要注意主

句中的谓语是及物还是不及物动词。此句中pass the exam已经明确表示

有宾语，if就是引导状语，主句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时。

例2 While she ________(watch)TV, the bell _________(ring).答案： was watching,rang

提示： 由while引导的时间状语从句，强调的是正在进行看电视这个动作，门铃响了这动作也发生了，因此从句用进行时态，主句用一般过去时。B． will pass„works D． passes„will work

第五篇：状语从句

Clauses of Condition, Concession and Contrast(条件、让步和对比从句)条件从句

由 if, unless, as(so)long as, provided / providing(that), suppose / supposing(that), in case等引导，如：

If he comes I'll tell you.You would have succeeded if you had tried harder.You will fail unless you work hard.(=You will fail if you don't work hard.)

Supposing / Suppose it rains, shall we have the match as scheduled?

In case you need anything else, please let me know.让步从句

由 although, though, even though, even if, whether...or, while, as, wh-words + ever(= no matter + wh-words)等从属连词引导，如：

He is quite modest though he is the best student in the class.The needle has the same mass whether it is hot or cold.Whichever(No matter which)plan you adopt, you will meet with difficulties.使用上述让步从句的某些从属连词时注意以下几点：

a.although(though)不可与连词 but 连用；

b.as 引导的从句意义和 though 相似，但表示的语气较强，并须将强调的词放在句首（但不用 although），如：

Simple as(though)the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.c.however / no matter how 引导的从句中，however / no matter how 后须紧跟形容词或副词，如：

However / No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't remember all the questions.对比从句

表示两个人或两件事之间的对比，常用 while 或 whereas 引导，如：

He is idle, while his brother is diligent.Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it.Clauses of Cause, Result and Purpose(原因、结果和目的从句)原因从句

主要由下列从属连词引导：

1． Because, as, since。其中 because 语气最强，表示直接、主要原因，通常引导的从句放在句尾，特别是回答 why 提出的问题只能用 because;as 和 since 表示明显的、已知的原因，since 比 as 正式，如：

They had to move because their building was to be pulled down.As Mary was the eldest, she looked after the others.Since they live near the sea, they often go sailing.2． now that, seeing(that), considering(that), in that。这些连词与 as, since 意思相近，通常用于书面语，并且它们兼有其它意义。now that 有“时间”含义，表示”既然”，说明一种新

情况；seeing(that)和 considering(that)有“条件”含义；in that 有”某一方面”含义，如：

Now that you are well again you can travel.Seeing(that)they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.I was lucky in that I was able to find a good baby-sitter（保姆）.结果从句

常用 so that, so...that, such...that, that 等连词引导，如：

I was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got wet.I was so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.He was such a good runner that I couldn't catch him.目的从句

常用 so that, in order(that), lest, for fear that 等连词引导，如：

I took a taxi so that I could be in time for the meeting.Come closer in order that you may see the blackboard better.so that 既可引导结果从句也可引导目的从句，但结果从句表示事实，通常不含情态动词；目的从句表示希望或想要实现的事实，通常含有情态动词，如：

He got up early so that he caught the train.（结果）

He got up early so that he could(might)catch the train.（目的）

Lest 和 for fear(that)含有否定意义，并且从句中动词须用 “动词原形”或 ”should + V.” 的虚拟语气，如：

He ran away lest he(should)be caught.(= He ran away in order that he would not be caught.)

I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.(= I checked all the results time and again so that there wouldn't be any mistakes.)

Clauses of Manner and Comparison(方式和比较从句)方式从句

主要由 just as, as, as if, as though 等连词引导，如：

He doesn't speak the way as other people do.Our bodies are made up of millions of very small cells, just as a building is made of many stones or bricks.He speaks French as if(as though)he were a Frenchman.由 as if 或 as though 引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，但如果主句谓语是感官动词，并且所述情况实现可能性大，也可用陈述语气，如：

It looks as if the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.比较从句

主要由 as...as, not so(as)...as, than 等连词引导，如：

This table is as wide as that one.Mary can not run so(as)fast as Tom.Silver conducts electricity better than other metals.Clauses of Proportion and Other Types(比例从句和其它从句)比例从句

由关联词 the...the...连接形容词或副词比较级构成，如：

The more she thought about it, the more she liked it.其它从句

如 as...so 和 what...that 引导的类比从句；so(as)far as 引导的范围从句；except that 引导的例外从句；rather / sooner than 和 would / had rather than 引导的择比从句等，如：

As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.（沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。）

What blood vessel is to a man's body, that railway is to transportation.（铁路对于运输，好比血管对于人的身体。）

As(So)far as I know, he is an honest man.（据我所知，他是一个诚实的人。）

I would do it with pleasure, except that I am too busy.（要不是我太忙了，我会很高兴去做的。）

Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets.（他宁可沿街乞讨，也不愿意用欺骗手段骗取钱。）

He would rather have the small one than the large one.（他宁可要那个小的，而不愿要那个大的。）