托福综合独立写作提纲

第一篇：托福综合独立写作提纲

Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home countries.Why do some students study abroad?

1, first of all, students want to absorb advanced knowledge

1.1 America owns many famous universities all over the world, which attract most overseas students to come.1.2 students in some developing countries,such as China, Indina, decide to study abroad.For example,(In china, a research shows that more and more students decide to study abroad for further education rather than receive education in the native college)

2, what’s more, studying abroad can broaden their horizen

2.1 studying abroad provides people more chances to have access to different cultures and scenes For example, different scenes,such as()can make people more enjoyable;

different cultures can give people flesh feeling

3, In addition, students do not like the education system in native country

3.1 every country has its education syste

m, it may not be suitable to every students

3.2 some students choose to study abroad to find a more benefiting system

For example, my roomate donnot like the grade-depend system in my country…..Playing computer games is a waste of time.Children should not be allowed to play them.1,First of all, playing computer games really took up lots of times of children.1.1 with the development of technoloy, computer has become more and more popular.1.2 lots of childrens obessed in the computer games

For example, my little brother…..2, However, we should not neglect the active part of the computer games which can help children relexed.2.1 children experience heavy burden of homework

2.2 playing computer games can help them relieve the pressure from study.For instance,3, Furthermore, some computer games can help children develop their intelletual.3.1 lots of computer games can cultivate quick reaction of children

3.2 they can learn the spirit of cooperation in some computer games

One research shows that people who like playing computer games in childish do a better in their future career than people who kept away from the computer games in the childish.In general, as parents or teachers, we should not restrict children to play computer games.We can control the time children spend on the computer games to make sure the computer games will not affect their academic performance.Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals.Do you agree or disagree with this point of view.1, First of all, with the increasing of world population, human need lots of land for farmland, housing and industry.Especially in the developing countries, the pursuit of more profits lead people to exploit more and more land for human using.For example, in China, …

2, However, we should not neglect the importance of saving land for endangered animals.2.1 Lot of animal habitat were taken up by human, which caused the decrease of animal.Take the

Siberian Tiger for example….2.2 meanwhile, animals are more vunerable than human to adapt the environment.Such as water pollution…..3, Furthermore, endangered animals play an important role ecosystem, which means we should try our best to protect them.3.1 Endangered animals can increase the diversity of the species.3.2 Keep the balance of ecosystem

3.3 In addition ,they could provide lots of research value for human.Medicine …..In general, we should not obtain the short term benefit in the way of sacrificing the long term benefit.So I think saving land for endangered animals is as important as human needs.

第二篇：托福TOEFL写作提纲

托福写作提纲

1.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The world is changing fast, people are less happy.AGREE a.b.The rapidly changing environment is towards a deteriorating direction and people suffer from all kinds of pollution.Coming with the convenience which was brought by the advancement of technology, people’s life are at stake considering wars are always on edge.c.People’s relationship with each other is alienated by Internet, telecommunication and other kind of virtual interaction patterns.2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important characteristic for politician is to accept responsibility for mistake.DISAGREE a.It is very important for politician to accept responsibility for mistake considering.Because only after recognized and took the responsibility of mistakes can politician make an effort to progress.b.The most important skill the politician should possess is communication skill.For one thing, it is important for politician to a good listener to public.c.Communication skill can help politician to express themselves better, consequently, having the policy or implementation carried out well.3.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents should allow children to make and learn from their own mistakes.PARTIALLY AGREE a.b.It is very helpful to cultivate a child’s sense of independence by letting him/her dealing with their own mistake.Their own experience will be more impressive to them and is a better way to educate children than solely didactic instillation.c.Nevertheless, this process should be carefully moderated by parents because children are lack the ability to draw a clear line between right and wrong.And they cannot always recognize the seriousness of their mistakes.4.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people nowadays have no influence on decisions that determine the future of the society as a whole.DISAGREE a.b.Politically, youth play an increasingly crucial role in decision-making.Scientifically, youth’s interest of study will determine where humankind will head to in the future.Disease combat, climate change, outer space exploration.c.Culturally, what young people tend to believe and how young people decide to behave may become part of the trait of the nation.5.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important problem that affects the society today will be solved during my life time?(61)

DISAGREE a.It is true that some scientific problem will be taken under control.Flu=smallpox, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, energy efficiency.b.Many other scientific issues will not bear fruit if without hundreds of year’s efforts.Climate change, sending human to outer space.c.More issues are far from solely scientific.Cases like religious conflict, regional war, overpopulation and climate change cannot be solved in decades.6.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Although new technology and science will continue to advance and improve people’s life, the most significant improvement has been made.(33)DISAGREE a.Admittedly that many inventions and researches have benefit all human races and even change the way we live.Combustion engine, penicillin, rocket, Internet, electronic devices.b.There are advances in technology that will make a great difference within immediate future.Cure for diabetes, AIDS, and cancer.c.People will never know what is going to happen unless we have experienced it.Immigrate to the Mars maybe possible in the next millennium.7.Which is more important: having more facilities or hiring more teachers? TEACHERS ARE MORE IMPORTANT a.More teachers means each student will have more time discussing academic issues with teacher, and they will have appropriate teaching methods placed on them according teacher’s observation on student’s strength.b.More teacher employment ensures each teacher to have more time can free them from burdensome education duties.Hence they will have more time to devote into scientific research which will benefit more people than an elite few.c.However, facility is also important.Teacher also needs favorable facility to enhance their teaching and research.8.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to know about what is happening around the world, even if it does not affect your personal lives.AGREE a.Learning what is going on around the world help people keep pace of time.By doing this horizon will be broaden as a result.b.Different issues, even those seem to have completely no connection, may have possible implications with each other.By learning what is happening around the world will sometimes help people with their own career.c.It is also a recreational process to learn different thing going on around the globe.And knowledge or information acquired can be put into conversation to make communication not so tedious.9.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One of the ways that parents can help children be ready for adult life is to ask them to do a part-time job.PARTIALLY AGREE a.Doing a part-time job can help cultivate many favorable characteristics that are crucial for adult life.Independence, financial responsibility, time arrangement.b.Doing a part-time job can help children or teenagers form a new circle of friends and foster a sense of remaining friendship with different kind of people.c.However, negative impact cannot be neglected.Doing part-time job can make up too much time and prevent children to achieve a satisfactory academic performance.10.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One can learn a lot about the person from the type of friends the person has.AGREE a.Someone is the average of his/her friends combined.They share similar interest, having alike values, pursue in the same direction.b.c.Friends always share same financial ability and live on the similar living standard.Friends affect each other to a great extend.Peer pressure, behavior, trend.11.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It’s more important for the government to build new housing than preserve old and historical building.DISAGREE a.Building new house and demolishing the old ones will result in massive construction waste, which is detrimental to environment.b.Building new housing will cost a lot of money which could have been used on improving sanitary condition, providing food and clean water.Those issues are more urgent than improving housing condition.c.Some historical buildings have special meanings, they could have culture meaning and can stimulate tourist industry.12.When a new technological device become available.Some people buy it right away, while others will wait until many have acquired it.Which view do you agree with and explain why.BUY IT LATER a.b.c.New products may not be in perfect functional condition and have potential drawbacks not yet revealed.New products can be expensive, but later, price will goes down.Buy new products right away may lead to purchasing products sole out of impulse.Money can be wasted on unnecessary stuffs.13.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The friends that you can have fun with are more important than the friends that you can get help from.(34)

DISAGREE a.Friends share interest, so they will feel relieved and comfortable around each other.Accordingly, they are likely to have fun, and in favor of this recreational function.b.Fun can never be the core essence of friendship.Friends are made to support and help each other.They help each other to solve tough problems.c.Friendship is an avenue to broaden social network, introducing novel things into someone’s life and sharing pleasure and sorrow.14.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? When teachers assign projects on which students must work together, students will learn much more effectively than ask them to do alone.AGREE a.Working together will help improve work efficiency and have a clearer and deeper understanding of a certain subject.Because everyone’s task is much focused.b.c.Working together can help students to learn from each other’s idea which lead them to be more all-rounded.Working together can bring new thoughts to a particular subject during brainstorm or other kind of communication.15.If one of your friends needs assistance in one of the courses you are good at, is it better for him to turn to you for help or ask a tutor? TURN TO ME a.b.I am more familiar to my friend than is the teacher or tutor, so I know how to talk or teach effectively.Schedule would be more flexible for me to help him, because many more students also need a tutor.So the tutor may not have enough time and effort to cover so many students.c.Friends will be mutually honest with each other.That is, I will point out the problem immediately while he will tell me what he does not understand without hesitation.Case would be much different considering the generation gap between student and tutor or teacher.16.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important investment for a company is to spend money to improve the work skills of its employees.(56)

DISAGREE a.Admittedly, it is very important to improve work skill of employees in order to guarantee a satisfactory quality of the products.b.c.Marketing is more important than improving work skills.Help promote products.Establishing an efficient and smooth manage and supply system is more prominent in increasing profit while cutting the costs.17.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to wait in patience than take action.(66)NEUTRAL a.They both have their merits.Patience can prevent people from impulsive action, which always lead to regrettable result.b.Patience can leave people enough time to get a clear view of the situation and prepare better for the coming assignment.c.Taking action in short time help people grasp once-or-never chances.Immediate reaction is in some cases necessary such as first aid and playing sports.18.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should do jobs that are similar to those of their parents.(71)PARTIALLY AGREE a.It is a beneficial choice to follow parent’s career.Children can get experience and advice from their parents.Thus, it will take less time for them to get familiar with their career.Also, they will make fewer mistakes considering the constructive suggestion made by their parents.b.c.Children can inherit their parents’ social relationship which is important in achieving successful career.However, children should have their own right to choose what to pursue as a career.Only in this way can they grow naturally and positively.19.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Automobile has dad greater effects on society than airplanes.DISAGREE a.b.c.Airplanes travel greater distance with an amazing speed compared to automobile.Airplanes can be used as weapon which dramatically changed the world.During WW2.Airplanes stimulate economy to a greater extent than automobile.Global business, oil consumption, airline company.20.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Famous entertainers and athletes deserve to have more privacy than they have now.AGREE a.b.Privacy is basic human rights and all should be equally treated involving privacy issue.Celebrities are suffering from intrusion of privacy to a ridiculous extent.They should be protected by law and government.c.However, celebrities should burden more responsibilities than ordinary people.Because they have a big influence on society, so their privacy will never be as equal as the ordinary.21.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is much easier to achieve success with help from one’s family nowadays than before.AGREE a.b.More chances are available nowadays than before.Thus, help from family may be more effective than before.Families have accumulated more fortune than they did decades ago.Accordingly, family can provide better material support to its member.c.Communication technology narrowed the distance between people.Consequently, people will enjoy a broader range of social network, which will be of great significance in career.22.Some jobs can pay high salaries but require employees to leave their family and friends.Some jobs pay few salaries but allow employees staying with family and friend.Which job do you prefer? Why? PREFER HIGH SALARIES a.b.c.Technologies have made distance less a problem.Internet, airplane, high-speed rail.Higher salaries will guarantee the families a better living condition.A higher salary often suggests brighter working future.Thus, the career will be promising.23.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People who cannot accept the criticism from others will not be successful at working in a group.AGREE a.Having an opening attitude towards criticism will smooth the team and avoid conflicts.This make the team focuses much on establishing a harmonious environment rather than the work itself.b.People rejecting criticism are confident, most of the case, even conceit.This will make them never a good listener or speaker.Thus, won help each other.c.They themselves will never improve through teamwork, and they are constrained in their own circle.Hard for them to think out of the box.24.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Your job has more effect on your happiness than your social life does.DISAGREE-THEY ARE EQUALLY IMPORTANT AND MUTAULLY CONNECTED a.b.Job will provide sense of achievement, social status recognition and material satisfactory.Social life, in most cases, gives us recreation, share of interest and family.Interest club, hang out with friends, staying together with families.c.There is no clear line between job and social life.Co-workers can be good friends too.Families can start a business together, which attaches a working relationship over their kinship.25.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is impossible to be completely honest with your friend.AGREE a.Honesty is a universally valued characteristic.Removing people’s guard when converse.Making the world a better place to live.b.Though honest is a favorable virtue in most of the cases, it can to hurtful sometime.They have a bad voice when singing.c.Though morally required to help others, people are inclined to protect themselves from danger or trouble, and then considering other’s need and difficulty.It is not about education or society norms.People have this spontaneously.26.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are now easier to become educated than in the past.AGREE a.b.Most of the world is free from the gripping of war.And this enable them more time and chance to receive education.People’s awareness of the importance of technologies has significantly promoted education.Receiving education seems to be a promising way to guarantee a bright future.c.The advent of information age especially promoted by the pervasive usage of computer and internet made it possible for children even in a remote area have equal access to knowledge.27.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The advice from our grandparents has no use for their grandchildren because the world changed a lot during the past 50 years.PARTIALLY AGREE a.b.It is true that some advice that are of no use because time has changed.Computer, new media.There are also some advice will give some useful information.How to make friends;deal with colleagues, academic experience.c.Some advice will always remain true regardless how time has changed.Stay honest, be diligent.28.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? College or university should offer more courses to prepare students for the future before they start working.AGREE a.Wide range knowledge will help students to be better-rounded.Broadening their horizons.Transferrable knowledge and skill.b.c.Help students find out what they really like to do and have a clearer career plan.Provided many courses available, students will gradually foster the ability to make reasonable arrangement and make the most of limited time, which are both crucial in career.29.Some people think university professor should spend more time doing research while others think they should spend more time educating students.What is your view? THEY ARE EQUALLY IMPORTANT FOR UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS a.Research can make real breakthrough in scientific realm.Cure for cancer, remarkable improvement in energy efficiency.b.c.Research will benefit the greatest number of people.Invention of penicillin, telephone.Professor should also propel the research into the next generation and motivate the young to pursue academic achievements.Thus, educating students are of equal importance.30.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Patience is usually not a good strategy.We should take action now rather than later.NEUTRAL d.They both have their merits.Patience can prevent people from impulsive action, which always lead to regrettable result.e.Patience can leave people enough time to get a clear view of the situation and prepare better for the coming assignment.f.Taking action in short time help people grasp once-or-never chances.Immediate reaction is in some cases necessary such as first aid and playing sports.31.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It’s more important for government to spend money to build art museums and music performance center than to building recreational facilities(such as swimming pool, playground).THEY ARE EQUALLY IMPORTANT a.Art museum and music center can help enhance public’s spiritual richness.Make public feel relaxed, promoted, and edified.b.Spiritual fulfillment and the rise in public aesthetic awareness will make a country or nation motivated to be innovative and diligent.c.Basic recreational facilities are of the same importance.They will ensure a healthy body and positive living attitude.32.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People who go out from their village will be more successful and happier than people who stay in their village.DISAGREE a.Though geographic location is an important factor, its impact on success is underlined with the advent of information age.Internet, computer.b.c.Village also provides a lot of chance to make a big achievement.Tourist industry, local economic boom.Individual‘s happiness and success has little to do with where they are, but relevant to what they do, how they work, and who they are with.33.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? An efficient leader will always try to make everyone feel that he’s in part of decision making.DISAGREE a.It is every individual’s right to be informed about every decision the group or community are making.Because the decision should benefit the largest number of people in that community.b.Practice is not the same, making every individual part of decision-making, in some cases, will take forever to reach the final solution.c.Leader will consider in a long-term while most people prefer pursuing instant benefit and put longer interest at stake.34.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to relax by a movie or reading a book than doing physical exercise.DISAGREE a.Reading book or watching movie can help those who are physically fatigued to relax.But it will involve intensive brain exercise.b.c.Reading book sometime consume no less energy than moderate physical exercise including jogging or walking.Physical exercise can lends mental relieve and be a great distraction if someone is under great working or studying pressure.Also, it can improve health which in turn guarantees a better physical condition to deal with more problems.Playing basketball, running, swimming.35.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to succeed, you should be more like others than be different from everyone else.BEING A SOCIAL AND UNIQUE PERSON a.Being totally ordinary will prevent a person from standing out in a group of people.Thus, he/she will not have a good chance to be successful.b.Being dramatically eccentric will make someone isolated, and no one will make friends with him/her.Consequently, they are impossible to succeed because they lack other’s support.c.Man should be social, having a good social network.At the mean time, they need to have unique technique or skill that most people do not in order to be successful.

第三篇：托福独立写作评分标准--英文版

托福独立写作评分标准

5分

 Effectively addresses the topic and task  Well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and or details  Displays unity, progression, and coherence  Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors 4分

 Addresses the topic and task well, though some points may not be fully elaborated  Generally well organized and well developed, using appropriate and sufficient explorations, exemplifications, and or details

 Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though it may contain occasional redundancy, digression, or unclear connections

 Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety and range of vocabulary, though it will probably have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure, word form, or use of idiomatic language that do not interfere with meaning

3分

 Addresses the topic and task using somewhat developed explanations, exemplifications, and or details  Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though connection of ideas may be occasionally obscured

 May demonstrate inconsistent facility in sentence formation and word choice that may result in lack of clarity and occasionally obscure meaning

 May display accurate but limited range of syntactic structures and vocabulary

2分

 Limited development in response to the topic and task  Inadequate organization or connection of ideas  Inappropriate or insufficient exemplifications, explanations, or details to support or illustrate generalizations in response to the task

 A noticeably inappropriate choice of words or word forms  An accumulation of errors in sentence structure and/or usage 1分

 Serious disorganization or underdevelopment  Little or no detail, or irrelevant specifics, or questionable responsiveness to the task  Serious and frequent errors in sentence structure or usage

第四篇：托福独立写作技巧方法讲解

独立部分作文笔记（原创）一．TWE 评分过程

（1）不必在意的四件事——破除原有误解 ①不必在意英语和美语的差异； ②不必在意口语与书面语的差异； ③不必在意任何文化差异； ④不必在意语言是否地道。（2）6 分评分标准

Readers should focus on what the examinee does well.Scores6 Demonstrates clear competence in writing on both the rhetorical and syntactic levels, though it may have occasional errors.A paper in this category ––effectively addresses the writing task ––is well organized and well developed ––uses clearly appropriate details to support a thesis or illustrate ideas ––displays consistent facility in the use of language ––demonstrates syntactic variety and appropriate word choice 二．评分标准的分析

评分标准一：effectively addresses the writing task（1）简单说明文（Explanation）

（I）Background Information，Thesis Statement——1 段（II）Supporting——2-3 段。例：

21.In general, people are living longer now.Discuss the causes of thisphenomenon.Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.Supporting：A、食物改善；B、技术进步；C、社会和经济环境的稳定。

Topic Sentence：Among various factors that have made people live longer are A, B and C.①A is very important factor.粗粮、细粮，肉食，牛奶，水质（自来水、矿泉水）…… ②Equally important is B.医疗技术使很多过去的绝症轻易获得治疗，如百日咳，肺结核等。③Matching A and B is another essential factor, C.战争，社会动荡，经济动荡都会影响人们的寿命。

主题句的写法： ①尽量不要只使用抽象名词；

②尽量暗示文章将来结构，主题句写好了可以没有结论句； ③主题句应该值得解释、值得证明。（2）对比、对照（Compare & Contrast）（I）Background Information（II）Compare & Contrast √ √√ A √√×OrA√B √× ×B × ××√B×A ×（III）Topic Sentence / Conclusion（3）立论文（Argumentation）①本身有争议；

③不能用right/wrong 来修饰，而是who is more reasonable.例：

41.Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry aremore important than saving land for endangered animals.Do you agree ordisagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons andexamples to support your answer.立场：反对盲目地保护濒临灭绝动物。（I）Background Information（II）Supporting ×××

（III）Rebuttal 驳证——选择一个对立立场辩驳（最重要的部分）beautiful？ necessary？ money？

（IV）Topic Sentence 审题立论的注意事项：

①以读者为导向；②想好了再写；③说服读者而不仅是表达；④顺序很重要；⑤结论不重要。评分标准二：is well organized and well developed

1、元素排列

（1）二分法：①简单→复杂；②已知→未知；③次要→重要（说明说服为目的）。（2）逻辑关系：①并列；②递进；③转折。有力模式：

有力模式I 有力模式II 有力模式III A ↓ 并列递进转折 B ↓ ↓ ↓

↓ 递进转折递进 C 例：

43.Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or otherdangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.先想一个例子，在按照有力模式的构成去思考其他例子。本例采有力模式II。（1）the drive of money…………………（material）①特技演员（stunt man）； ②Photography；正面 ③Law breaker。

递进→（2）the desire pursuer happiness.（spiritual）人的本性对危险的追求

转折→（3）无知（ignorance）…………………………………………负面

评分标准三：uses clearly appropriate details to support a thesisor illustrate ideas 一个反例——讲义P156。

教训：（1）不仅要列大纲，还要落实具体细节，然后查字典。前两步用平时使用的、朴素的、没有修饰的中文完成。中文英文英文解释 …… …… ………… …… …… ………… …… …… …………

（2）考场上在表达时永不轻言放弃。一旦忘记例子，千方百计解 释清楚。

解释方法：中文，同位语从句+定语从句

评分标准四：displays consistent facility in the use of language 思维贫乏的人才会用华丽的辞藻。

评分标准五：demonstrates syntactic variety and appropriateword choice 逻辑思维 语言文字

三．185 题库的处理

压缩题库：TWE 写作的准备是系统工程，考验资源整合能力。

1、相关题目归类整理材料，整合论点。㈠86→89→90→91；

㈡6→52→141（因此52 选择why 而不是how）→165evironment 例：

52.What change would make your hometown more appealing to people your age? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.Among diverse aspects that I want to change about my hometown is its environment.→（why & how？此处选why）

①A good environment will make people happier.（100 words）②A nice environment will make people healthier.（100 words）

③A perfect environment will make people more productive.（100 words）

Topic Sentence：TS, the improvement of which will make people happier, healthier, and even moreproductive.（主题句应当尽量暗示文章未来结构）㈢36→70 例：

70.Some people think that the automobile has improved modern life.Others think that the automobile has caused serious problems.What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.主题句应当值得解释、值得证明，故：

①汽车之类现代交通工具使市场上商品数量增多，方便流通； ②使商品价格降低；（运输成本降低，同种商品种类增加、竞争加剧）③甚至，汽车交通工具对我国妇女地位独立有很大帮助。最初想到：convenient & efficient，不值得解释、证明； 进一步问：so what？→人们活动范围增加，但仍不够； 进一步问：so what？→商品的活动范围增加→商品数量增加 因此，多想几步即可得到有效结论。

㈣15→18→46→179→93→62→103，基于ETS 出题的人群普适性和文化普适性。① To be a good _____ , one should have the intelligence.happier, healthier, ②To be a good _____ , one should be humor.more productive ③To be a good _____ , one should be reliable.理由、例子、思路的反复运用。

2、一些用母语都难写的题目的处理。

（1）最好不要同意的。往往是一些绝对的立场，观点要从绝对词出发。选反对或中间模式。例： 37.Do you agree or disagree that progress is always good? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.本例选中间模式，组织采有力模式III。方法是修正部分绝对化的表达和词汇。①It’s true that progress is usually good.如交通、沟通、书写工具。②However, it’s hardly true that progress is always good.③In fact, progress in itself is nether good or bad.技术的运用在人不再技术本身。例：

53.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most importantaspect of a job is the money a person earns.Use specific reasons and examples 不能同意。绝对词：the most important。其他重要原因如stability。例：

54.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One should neverjudge a person by external appearances.Use specific reasons and details tosupport your answer.①确实有时会犯错；

②但有时也确实可以根据外表得到信息，如判断诚信； ③甚至，有时必须通过外表判断一个人。（2）最好同意的。

没有绝对词，而且往往还有想关限定词。例：

27.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People shouldsometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing.Use specific reasons andexamples to support your answer.两种分类：喜欢的/不喜欢的；有益成功的/无益成功的。需要做不喜欢但有益成功的。另外的例子还有63、42 题等。（3）只能反对的。

主要有第8、88、119、120 题。

分析方法：How come they have such an opinion? 即A→B 的因果关系是否过分简单化？ ①A 不见得是B 的理由； ②A 不见得是B 的唯一理由； ② A 不见得是B 最重要的理由。例：

8.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television hasdestroyed communication among friends and family.Use specific reasons andexamples to support your opinion.It’s true that people attend to spend lots ① of time in watching television.②It’s also true that people spend less time in communication.③However, it’s hardly true that television destroyed people’s communication.④再写一个真正的理由，如工作压力、经济压力等： It’s working stress rather than television… 例：

88.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Telephones and emailhave made communication between people less personal.Use specific reasonsand examples to support your opinion.Personal 有两种理解：①亲密；②个性化。只要前后理解一贯即可。

相比第8 题，可以忽略前3 点而扩张第4 点，如沟通成本的降低。例：

119.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People behavedifferently when they wear different clothes.Do you agree that different clothesinfluence the way people behave? Use specific examples to support your answer.①有时候会影响人们的行为。服装影响心理；服装影响他人对你的态度。②然而，服装不必然影响人们行为。

③什么是最重要的理由，如价值观（value system）。例：

120.Decisions can be made quickly, or they can be made after careful thought.Doyou agree or disagree with the following statement? The decisions that peoplemake quickly are always wrong.Use reasons and specific examples to supportyour opinion.①通常迅速作出的决定是错误的；

②不是生活当中每一个决定都是值得认真思考的； ③甚至很多人就是擅长短时间内作出正确决定。（4）不能同意也不能反对的。It depends.例：

20.It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city.Do youagree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay.It depends the child’s age.岁之前，最重要的是家庭内部环境； 小学时，乡村更好一些； 高中时，城里更好一些。

慎用I think…，in my opinion 等词组： ①是废话；②不要站在读者对立面。只有当你确知有不同观点时才可使用，然后必须用细节支持，如本文。例：

32.Is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save yourmoney for some time in the future? Use specific reasons and examples to supportyouropinion.It depends the money you earn.2000/月，想存也impossible； 20000/月，基本花不完； 200000/月，花掉。例：

35.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Attending a liveperformance(for example, a play, concert, or sporting event)is more enjoyablethan watching the same event on television.Use specific reasons and examples tosupport your opinion.要看是什么演出，不同情况作不同选择。例：

49.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-facecommunication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, email,or telephone calls.Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.要看与谁沟通，老板、顾客、同事等均不同。五．TWE 考试的准备

1、改写阶段。挑5-10 篇话题不重复的范文进行改写。①改词。

②改句：简单句、并列句互改；句子成分、从句互改；正常语序，倒装互改。③换一种说法。

④换个理由，换个例子。

改写的顺序：上午写，下午改，晚上背，第二天默。

2、创作阶段。写5-10 篇。

不限时完成，借助一切可以借助的力量。顺序与第一阶段相同。注重句法、时态等。

3、冲刺阶段。写5-10 篇。

限时25 分钟完成，最好早上9:00 写。下午用大量时间改写、背，第二天默写。

附录三句法多样性专题(Syntactic Variety)1.并列

a)并列大量名词: n1, n2, n3, …, and n i.A, B, C, … and other Xs… ii.X, such [Y] as A, B, C…, …

History, philosophy, fundamental mathematics/calculus, and other abstract subjectshave to be learned from books, or primarily from books.Some knowledge, such abstract subjects as history, philosophy, fundamentalmathematics/calculus, has to be learned from books, or primarily from books.It is necessary for everyone to read imaginative literature, such as poetry, novels, ormythology.It is necessary for everyone to read poetry and other types of imaginative literaturesuch asnovels and mythology.b)并列名词性成份: n.+ what/how/whether/if… [并列复杂句] i.what = something that ii.how = the way/manner in which

Most parents educate their children merely by instinct rather than by proper pedagogy,and usually do not care about their relationship with children and how such neglectinfluences the future development of their children.Most students are eager to obtain knowledge, but they lack the sense of what is good, orwhat is necessary and how such a deficiency in the concept of viewing the situation as awhole would mislead them.c)并列形容词性成份 i.a1 and a2 + n ii.a1 + yet/but + a2 + n iii.a1, a2 + n + that… iv.a1, a2, so a3 that/as to…

a small town a small and peaceful town a good teacher a good and very impressive teacher a stupid decision a stupid and incorrigible decision …

simple yet effective method a direct and simple yet magically effective method an irrational yet understandable decision a fair and balance, yet undesirable decision obvious yet not the most significant reason expensive yet worthy course slow yet indispensable process A weird, entertaining, yet TRUE story....All adult birds molt their feathers at least once a year, and upon close observation, one canrecognize the frayed, ragged appearance of feathers that are nearing the end of their usefullife.[T0105-P02-L3] Most students can hardly stand for his typically dry and dull lectures that would normallycontinue at least several quarters without giving any essential information.The impact that technology has had on our daily life and society in general, is undeniable.It will become even greater as computers get faster, smaller, smarter, and soinexpensive that virtually everyone will be able to own one.A class led by a lethargic teacher could be extremely dull, dry, and so boring that driveseverybody in the class into sleep.Learning in essence is a process that is time-consuming, painstaking, and so hard thatvirtually only persistent few can finally have a sense of real achievement.1.并列

d)并列副词性成份 i.ad1 and ad2 ii.ad1 + yet/but + ad2 iii.ad1, ad2, prep.iv.ad1, ad2, so ad3 that/as to…

A conscientious teacher always prepares his lecture carefully, intelligently, and with thefull consideration of all possible aspects concerning the subject.1.并列 e)并列动词 i.并列动词

a)…v1…, v2-ing…, v3-ing… ii.并列句子

b)…, and therefore/thus/consequently/subsequently… c)not only/simply/merely… but also/…as well/even… d)neither… nor… e)not that… but that…

f)并列从句: … that…, and that…[并列复杂句] iii.that引导的宾语从句 iv.that引导的定语从句 v.that 引导的主语从句

An absent-minded teacher lacks drive to make class intensely focused, often preparingnothing in advance, wandering among random topics, thus wasting and killing times ofindustrial students.主语相同的两个句子并列，―and‖对应的中文应该是―也‖。

Books keep records of thoughts and ideas, and are the major source from which peopleobtain knowledge.书本记录着思想和理念，也．是人们获取知识的主要来源。

Books keep records of thoughts and ideas, and are therefore the major source fromwhich people obtain knowledge.书本记录着思想和理念，所．以．也．是人们获取知识的主要来源。

History has to be vague and ambiguous, and is therefore/thus so interesting that many areobsessed, because people always cannot help trying to know the truth.历史必然模糊含混，也正是如此，它才那样有趣以至于很多人都被深深的吸引，因为人们总是忍不住要追寻真理。

Chinese children unfortunately have few rights to make their own decisions, andsubsequently often have to do things that they do not enjoy doing at all.很不幸孩子们很少有自作主张的权利，也因此常常只能去做自己不喜欢做的事情。

Modern vehicles have extended the range of people’s activity, and thus made much moregoods available to local markets.现代交通工具延伸了人们活动的范围，也因此使市场上的商品数量增加了。

It is the nature of human that determines that people tend to trust themselves rather thanothers, and consequently they often misguide by their own feelings rather than reasons.这是人性所决定的：人们倾向于相信自己而不是相信别人，也因此常常被自己的感觉所误导，而不是遵循理智。

Computers have not only brought convenience, but they have also made people learn more.A perfect environment will not only make people happier and healthier, but it will evenmake people more productive.Modern transportation vehicles such as automobiles have not only made more goodsavailable in the local markets, but they have also lowered the price of the products in themarkets.3.元素并列的其他手段

肯定句: also;as well;too;equally;of equal importance… 否定句: either, neither;nor A good environment will make people happier.A nice environment will also make people healthier.A poor environment will not make people happier.A bad environment will not make people healthier either.或Nor a bad environment will make people healthier.4.not… but

计算机不仅给人们带来了方便，还是人们学得更多。

Computers have not only brought convenience, but they have also made people learn more.补充: 分割效果 1)主语和谓语动词之间 2)助动词和实意动词之间 3)系动词和表语之间 only also…

not simply but … as well.merely even… not that… but that…

Not that emails or telephones have made people less personal, but that peoplethemselves have become less personal.One of several possible reasons is that peopleusually lack of adequate communicating skills.A good environment will make people happier.A nice environment will make people healthier as well.A perfect environment will not only make people happier and healthier, but it willeven make them more productive.2.重复成分 a)重复形容词

iii.… a.…, so a.that/as to… b)重复名词 iv.… n., n that…

In fact, history is interesting, so interesting that many are obsessed by it, because peoplealways cannot help knowing the truth.Parents or other adults often give merely a casual answer to a serious question from acurious child, an answer that makes no sense at all, and might have unforeseeablenegative consequence in the future.3.从句

a)whether/if/what/how 做宾语 a)when/whenever;while +-ing/-ed b)if/whether + adj.c)what/how/when/where + to… d)…, n + of + which… 深入研究转折 1.形容词的转折并列 simple yet effective method a simple, direct, practical yet magically effective method irrational yet understandable decision a fair and balance, yet undesirable decision obvious yet not the most significant reason expensive yet worthy course slow yet indispensable process A weird, entertaining, yet TRUE story....2.包装（反复取非）History is useful.History is not useful.It is commonly believed that history is not useful.However, this is a prevailingmisunderstanding.Hypocrites lie.Hypocrites do not tell the truth.Hypocrites do tell the truth when and only when they have convinced that by doing so theycan benefit.Hypocrites have many forms, but they have one thing in common: Hypocrites do tell thetruth when and only when they have convinced that by doing so they can benefit.Although most people were hostile to the hypocritical behaviors, and believeprofoundly in the sacredness of truth and the inviolable freedom of those who dare to tellthe truth, they often betray their principle, dignity, and in effect become accompanies ofother hypocrites.Hypocrites have many forms, but always have one thing in common: theyessentially have no principle at all.They tell the truth when and only when they feel thetruth is on their side, otherwise they would refuse rather than accept the truth, or remainsilence even choose to lie for the sake of their own safety if they find they arethreatened,even when that threat is at most potential.It’s fortunate that our society always has a small portion of citizens who always tryto insist their principles and struggle to defend even when tremendous cost isanticipated.When nearly everyone in this society had learnt to remain silence, Doctor Jiang Yan Yongstood out and shouted the truth about SARS.When nobody in this country is not afraid ofAIDS, Doctor Gao Yao Jie is rushing around to help the helpless.When most people in thiscountry believe money is everything, and should be made by whatever means is possible,Zhou Li Tai, as a lawyer, is persistently fighting for the weakest group who might beincapable of paying his consultant fee.附录四例证表达法

大家最熟悉的当然是 “for example” 和 “for instance” 了。这两个表达 法后面可以接名词性成分或者句子。还可以说 “take … for example”，比 如： “Let's take an extreme case for example.…” 用来修饰 “example” 的形容词很多，应该熟练掌握：

characteristic;classic;prime;representative;typical | excellent;fine;good;impressive;magnificent;outstanding;perfect;superb;wonderful | fascinating;interesting;intriguing;notable;remarkable;striking;graphic;vivid;dramatic;extreme;spectacular;clear;obvious;simple;straightforward;blatant;flagrant;glaring | familiar;famous;well-known;notorious;common;rare;much-quoted;oft-quoted;often-quoted | illustrative;helpful;illuminating;instructive;useful;practical | concrete;hypothetical 这里面要是你有哪个词不认识，那就一定要背下来，然后写作文的时候用上，这样你就用了一些―别人可能不用的词汇‖，显得稍微superior 了一点。能够对 “example” 发出的动作有 : give;provide;contain;include;cite;draw;take(sth.a s);f i n d。而 “example” 能够发出的动作有 : abound;demonstrate;illustrate;show 等等。

也可以直接让― 例子‖ 发出动作，比如这样的情况： The behavior ofMeerkats giving alarm calls clearly/well exemplifies the existence ofaltruism.有很多个例子的时候，用这样的表达法： “A, B, C, and so on.” 或者 “A, B, C, and etc..”如果是口语表达，比较常用的有“..., and something like that.”或者“...a n d s t u f f l ike that.” 有的时候，你可能在举了很多个例子之后想说―...就更不用提了。‖ 或 者― 更不消说… … ‖，那用的表达法是：“ not to men t i o n...” 或者 “let alone...”。

举例子的时候，可以先举几个例子然后再概括一下；或者反过来，先概括 之后列举几个实例。所使用的结构分别是： “A such(B)as X, Y and Z” ； 或者 “X, Y, Z, and other A”。例如：

History, philosophy, fundamental mathematics, and other abstractsubjects can be learnt mainly from books.Some subjects, such abstract ones as history, philosophy, andfundamental mathematics, can be learnt mainly from books.有的时候，举例子可能需要做出限定或者指定，那可以用 “as” 这个词，例如：“ A narrow, confining room, as in a prison or convent, wouldmake anyone nuts.” 能够用丰富的例子说明问题其实是一种能力，关键在于平时的刻意积累。如果你有能力举出很多例子，那就需要这样的句型： Examples abound in history/our daily life that… Examples /instances are countless/innumerable/numerous Stories abound of alcoho l i c s who flush their daily pill down the t o i l e t or “cheek” it, only to dispose of it later.Similar examples of “nuptial gifts” abound throughout the anima l world.History/Our daily life/This world abounds in examples which demonstrate… The list will go on.The list would be endless if we try to make an inventory of such examples.The litany of drug damage goes on and on.The list of profit-making, instinct-exploiting products is long.Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits.如果你举的例子非常经典，又显而易见，不妨使用这个句型： Remember that...（相当于― 记得… … 吧？ ‖）

If we want to predict how aggressively a man will guard his wife, we need look no further than age.（… 想想 / 看看就可以了）Success requires a tenacious spirit and a drive to achieve.Nowhere is this more apparent in the entertainment business.Thousands of actors and actresses work tenaciously to have a career in the movies.But without beauty or talent, tenacity i s n ' t always rewarded, and only a few become stars.用最近发生的事情做例子：

An instance occurred recently in which…

如果举的例子是― 轶事‖、― 传说‖、― 某个学说‖ 之类的，那可以用这 样的句型： Legend/Gossip/Rumor/Words/A theory/A saying has it that...;As story goes:...;That's how the story goes.;或者Story goes...(g o e s 后面接完整的句子。例如： Story Goes Viral Alex Jones appears on CNN, poll says three-quarters plus support Sheen.)有的时候要用一些想象出来的例子说明问题，那用这些词开头： Consider;Imagine;Suppose;Say;Assume;或者在这些词后面直接 加上一个宾语或者一个宾语从句，比如 “Imagine a person who is worrying about his future.” 或者 “Suppose a person is worrying about his future.” 这样想象出来的 case，还可以用 sometimes , in some cases, in some specific cases 开头开始讲述。也可以用条件句型，“If…, ….” 或 者 “When…, ….” 以及，There are many cases in which…（有些情况 下… …）； There are moments when …（有些时候… …）；We all have met the cases in which…（我们都会遇到… … 的情况）； We all have moments when…（有些时候我们都会… …）… …

第五篇：托福独立写作作文修改

独立5-现象证明P21 2010.10.31NA Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are now easier to become educated than in the past.Education is the foundation of a country.People today have a stronger concept（搭配不当，改为sense）of being educated than in the past.I agree with the statement that people gain an easier access to all kinds of educations at current times.Firstly, there are much more schools available today than in the past.No matter where you live, in big cities or in the countryside, the local government spends a large amount of money on the constructions of various types of schools, such as primary schools, middle schools, high schools and even schools for adults.More and more universities and colleges have been built to ensure higher education for top students.If you want to study in schools, you will always find a proper one to attend.Secondly, the teaching approach diversifies（there are diversified teaching approaches）.Except for（In addition to包括在内）blackboard and chalks, many advanced teaching devices are being used today in most schools, including computers, multi-media and some other instruments.Moreover, labs and libraries have also come into use for students to study deeper and wider(who want to make a deeper and wider study on the fields they are interested in).What is more, the teachers' teaching levels are greatly improved by communicating with other educators from all over the world.The technology becomes more developed than in the past, so it is easier now to study.Thirdly, people have equal rights to receive education.As we all know, people in the past were in terrible discrimination because of their sex and race(many people such as women and the black people were denied the right to education because they were discriminated against in the society because of their sex and race.两句合起来)For example, women and black people were used to be considered as people in lower classes or even slaves and weren't allowed to go to school.However, they have equal rights to study in schools nowadays.（要回到主题，和更容易接受教育要直接联系起来，所以再加一句）Obviously, these people surly have easier access to education.To sum up, almost everyone today has equal rights to go to all kinds of schools with diversified teaching approaches.So people do have an easier way to receive education now than in past times.The reasons above firmly support my opinion(最后一句话不够有力，可以将三点简明扼要的用一句话概括).(Word Count: 294)独立8-包含因果关系P15 2010.3.20NA Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People today can solve many important problems so they do not need help from the government.With the development of the society, people can do more things by themselves nowadays（于什么时候比较？）than in the past.But I disagree with the statement that people can solve many important problems, therefore the government does not need to help them（therefore they need not depend on the government for any support）.There(are)three reasons as follows:

Firstly, People today still cannot solve many important problems by themselves in fact in terms of education, unemployment, war, starvation, poverty and so on.These are international problems all over the world, so a single person or even a group of people may not have the abilities to solve(be capable of solving)them.For example, if a man wants to stop a war between two countries, even he is powerful or wealthy, he(he, however wealthy and powerful,)cannot prevent them from fighting with each other without the help of others.Secondly, people today need more help from the government.As the life standards are getting higher, people have more requirements than before.They ask for all kinds of utilities for entertainment or exercise in public places.They need various insurance to make their lives more comfortable.They also require more schools and hospitals to take care of the young people and patients(the sick).Thirdly, whether people today can solve many problems or not has nothing to do with whether they need the government's help.It is the responsibility of the government to help people.The government must give people help no matter how powerful they are.In a word, the statement that people today do not need help from the government because they can solve many important problems is wrong.The reasons above can firmly support my idea.(260w)

独立1-包含should, important, necessary的简单话题

P75 2009.5.30 Younger school children(aged between five and ten)should be required to study art and music in addition to math, science, history and language.In order to broaden the horizon of younger school children, it is suggested that they should study art and music as well as other common courses.I agree with it because of the following reasons.First of all, art and music can help students to relax.Campus life is stressful even for younger children who aged between five and ten, with all kinds of homework and assignments.However, by having music and art classes, students can get a much-needed escape from the heavy work.It can help them to relax their mind and study more efficiently in other classes.Second, music and art classes help improve students' interpersonal relationships.Students will meet together to talk about a same topic if they have common interests.For example, students attending art classes can talk about the masterpiece or life story of a famous painter.Students having music classes will enjoy the beautiful melody or sing songs together.By communicating with each other, they will build a strong friendship and learn how to behave in various situations.Third, music and art classes provide students with plenty of information about great artists and their works.By learning knowledge in artistic fields students can acquire different cultures from different countries.The artists and musicians describe what they see or hear in their works, showing feelings meanwhile, which bring the students the atmosphere at that time.To sum up, art and music classes should be taken by younger school students to broaden their horizon.(248w)

独立2-包含比较(better, prefer)的简单话题

P24 2010.10.9NA Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People can take care of their family members better when they live in big cities than in the countryside.No matter where people live, in big cities or in the countryside, they must take care of their family members.Basically I prefer the former one.Living in big cities has more advantages than living in the countryside.Firstly, for old people, living in big cities can be convenient.There are a large number of hospitals which are available to all kinds of diseases.When the old people catch a cold, have a fever or even heart attack, they could be taken to the best hospital nearby and received treat in time and recover as soon as possible.But in the countryside, situations in hospitals are obviously terrible.Secondly, children should receive good education, so living in big cities is a wise choice.Schools in big cities which get finance support from(the)government provide sufficient teaching facilities for the students in order that the students can study more easily and do more experiments.Moreover, the teaching levels of the teachers in big cities are higher on average than that of the teachers in the countryside.Admittedly, Living in big cities may have a few downsides.For example, the air may be not as fresh as it in the countryside and the noise may make people crazy sometimes.However,(the)government is taking measures to prevent the pollutions and people are also becoming aware of the importance of environmental protection.It is sure that the problems can be solved in the future.In a word, people can take care of their family members much better when they live in big cities than in the countryside, because advanced society welfares are everywhere in big cities.（Word Count: 272）

独立7-包含绝对词（never, always, only ,no longer,最高级等）.P92 2007.8.4 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Printed books will no longer exist.With the development of technology, digital books are increasingly coming into use while printed book are less used in our lives.It has been argued that printed books will no longer exist in the future.I disagree(with this opinion)although the statement has a grain of truth.First of all, admittedly, digital books have some advantages over printed books.First, it is cheaper to download a digital version from the internet than to buy a hardcover printed book.You may download Harry Potter for only half the price of the paper version.Second, the digital book is very convenient for us to carry because it is much lighter than the printed book.We can download thousands of articles into our mp4 or electronic books to read them everywhere instead of carrying several heavy books.However, to say that printed books will disappear from our lives in the future is unacceptable.First, hardcover printed books are worth collecting.They are usually very valuable with their beautiful covers and plentiful contents.Second, the printed books made by(of)papers are good for people's eyes.If we stare at a digital book all the time, our eyes will be tired or even hurt.Reading for a long period may do enormous harms to people's health, especially to children.Third, printed books are of great importance in some special ceremonies.They are usually the symbols of holy things.It is ridiculous for a minister to read with a digital book in a church.To sum up, although the digital books are more and more useful, it is sure that printed books will exist forever.(267)