第一篇：英语基本伦理演讲稿 二
1Moral concerns are Being moral isto most people’s concept of human flourishing
Analogy: morality is a lot like
Principal concern:The role of
Disagreement
ProfessionalWe come back to
Morality: a-order set ofandabout how to live a good life Ethics: a-order, conscious on the adequacy of our moral beliefs.The goal of ethical reflection is Thus we seek to determine what will
What makes something aissue?
:duties, rights, human welfare, suffering, character, etc.impartial, compassionate, etc.Imagine a situation in which you see a classmate cheating.There are several elements from a moral point of view:
Some people are hurt by the cheating
There is deception in the situation
Cheating seems to be unfair to those who don’t cheat
There are conflicting values—honesty, loyalty, etc.There are questions of character
Some philosophers have argued that moral issues areby a
particular kind of —terms such as duty, obligation, right, and good.Many philosophers have argued that the moral point of view is ’t give my own interest any special weight.Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill
Other philosophers have seen the , feeling for the suffering of other sentient beings.Josiah Royce: “Such as that is for me, so is it for him, nothing less.”
Moral obligations, some philosophers maintain, are what gives them their distinctive Kant: morality is a matter of categorical imperatives.Moral Categorical Imperatives are
“Never treat people merely as a means to your own ends.“Always respect people as ends in themselves”
“Always act in such a way that you could will that everyone follow the same rule that you are following.”
Philosophers from Aristotle onward have seen the primary focus of to be
Two questions:
What ought I to do?(Kant and Mill)
What kind of person ought I to be?(Aristotle)
Ethics as the of Other People’s
We are often eager to pass judgment on others
Ethics as theand
Ethics often used as a
Hypocrisy: speak behind the mask
Possibility ofother people
The right to The right toand
Aims atwhat isEmphasizes for one’s own lifeof theory:
Describe
Explain
Give strength
Prescribe
Open new possibilities Wonder:
What is : Clear-cut, definitive answers
Ethics is likeOne studieshealth, the other Significantin both fields Still there is a significantground are wrong
第二篇：英语学习之基本伦理演讲稿
Between Relativism and Absolutism
Ethical Relativism has several important insights:
• The need forand The fact of moral We should not pass judgment on practices in otherwhen we don’tthem Sometimes Reasonable people may Differ on what’s morally acceptable
Two Types of Relativism • Descriptive ethical relativism
◦
• Claims as a matter of fact that different cultures havemoral valuesethical relativism
◦ Claims that each culture isRelativism: belief that ethical norms depend on individual or cultural beliefs or preferences;beliefAbsolutism: a command that allows no exceptions
Three Questions about the Meaning of Relativism
(1)Whatof morality is relative?
• Behavior Peripheral values Fundamental or Core values
(2)How •
• All Some None
(3)Relative to What?
• Individuals Cultures Nations Groups
What is relative?
• Behavior
◦
◦
• Different behaviors may exemplify the same value The same behavior may exemplify different values in different culture ◦ Obviously some culturally-specific values
• Core Values
◦ Are there central values found in all cultures?
How much is Relative?
• •
• •
Ethical Relativism: Limitations
• Is unhelpful in dealing with overlaps of cultures--precisely where we need help.◦
◦
◦
• Commerce and trade Media World Wide Web All = Most = Relativistic Pluralism Some = Little = Absolutistic Pluralism None =Is ’t judge others, neither can they judge us
Ethical Relativism: Overlapping Cultures, 1
• • Ethical relativism suggests that we let each culture live as it sees This is only feasible when cultures
Ethical Relativism: Overlapping Cultures, 2
• The actual situation in today’s world is much closer to the diagram.Cultures are constantly
interacting with each other.Ethical Relativism: A Self-Defensive Position
Ethical Absolutism
• • Absolutism comes in many--including the divine right of kings Absolutism is less aboutwe believe and more about Ethical relativism maintains that wemake moral The corollary of this is that we arein principle cultures Common element:
◦ There is a single
Ethical Absolutism, 2
• Ethical absolutism is Correct:
◦ ◦ •
Ethical Pluralism
•insights ofrelativism and absolutism:
◦ ◦ ◦ The central challenge: how to live together withandvalues Moral Sees
We do sometimesto make judgments Certain things are However, we need to always be open to what we can learn from others
Ethical Pluralism, 2
Ethical pluralism offers three categories to describe actions:
• • • Prohibited: those actions which are not seen as permissible at allthose actions and values in which legitimate differences are possiblea moral vision of what the ideal society would be like
Five Questions
• What is the present state? What is the ideal state? What is the minimally acceptable state? How do we get from the present to the minimally acceptable state? How do we get from the minimum to the ideal state?
Developing Moral Common Ground
Goals
• ◦
◦
◦
• ourselves others the issue ◦
◦
◦ agreement where appropriate living with some disagreements changing the situation
第三篇：英文演讲稿——基本伦理
On what basis do we make moral decisions?
• “Do what the Bible tells you”---
• “Follow your conscience”
• “Watch out for #1”---
• “Do the right thing”--The Ethics of
• “Don't dis' me”--The Ethics of
• “...all Men are created...with certain unalienable Rights”--The Ethics of
• “Make the world a better place”—
• “Daddy, that’s not fair”--The Ethics of
• “Be a good person”--Ethics
is equivalent to doing whatever the--or the Qur’an or some other sacred text or source of revelation--tells you to do.“What is” equals “What ”
tells us what is right or wrong
Often has a source
May be founded in a notion ofIs often negative in character, telling us what is
Says the only person to look out for is
Moral Purpose is one’s own happiness that requires rational self-interest
Ayn Rand is a Russian-American novelist, philosopher, playwright, and screenwriter The Ethics of Selfishness, The Fountainhead, and Atlas Shrugged
Begins with the , about doing your duty.Duty may be determined by:
-Do what any rational agent should do(Kant)
role-A physician’s duty to care for the sick
’s duty to care for his or her children
Human interactions should beby rules of respect
What counts as respect canfrom one culture to another
Examples:showing the soles of one’s shoes
What is it that merits respect?
The mostnotion of the past two centuries
conditions of human
Seeks tosuffering andpleasure or happiness
Demands a high degree of—we must consider the
consequences for everyone
Utilitarians claim theof morality is to make the world a better place
Begins early in thewith fairness to all family members
What is fair for should be fair for
may not mean treating them the
Seeks to develop individual(not consequences or rules)
Assumespersons will make
Developed byand Socrates was the teacher of Plato.Plato was the teacher of Aristotle.Aristotle was the teacher of Alexander the Great.Aristotle developed Western Philosophy.Only 1/3 of his works survived.Cicero called his style “a river of gold.”
Integral to the tradition
Founded by St Ignatius of Loyola.It follows the teachings of the Catholic Church.Members participate in The Spiritual Exercises to help them more closely follow Christ.Provides a way of all the theories
第四篇：公务员伦理基本含义
一、公务员伦理基本含义
（一）公务员伦理界说
（二）公务员伦理基本问题
二、公务员伦理核心理念
（一）公仆意识的历史考察
（二）防止社会公仆变为社会主人
（三）公仆意识的价值要素
三、公务员理论体系架构
（一）公务员伦理规范体系
（二）行政伦理机制体系
（三）公共行政伦理问题
四、公务员伦理法制建设 加强公务伦理建设
公务员伦理是社会主义伦理在国家行政实践生活中具体体现，是国家公务员在行使公共权力、管理公共事务、提供公共服务、履行行政管理职责活动中形成并应当遵守的原则和规范。
公务员伦理的核心理念是“公仆意识”。“防止国家和国家机关由社会公仆变为社会主人”，是马克思主义廉政学说的基本原理，也是加强公务员伦理法制建设的基点。重视公务员伦理法制建设，已经成为国际性的大趋势。
国家公务员是一种特殊的职业，代表国家和政府行使国家行政权力，执行国家公务，组织管理各项行政事务，肩负着“治国”的历史使命。加强伦理建设能规范行政行为，有利于建立勤政廉政机制，也有利于树立政府在公众心目中的良好形象。
本课程从公务员伦理基本含义、公务员核心理念和公务员伦理法制建设三大方面，详细阐释了加强公务员伦理建设的紧迫性和必要性。旨在帮助公务员认识加强伦理建设的重要性，从而能够自觉规范自己的行政行为，做好人民的公仆。
一、公务员职业道德概述
（一）公务员职业道德内涵
（二）公务员职业道德的特点
二、公务员职业道德主要内容
（一）忠于祖国——立身之本
（二）服务人民——本质要求
（三）恪尽职守——基本素养
（四）公正廉洁——基本品质
三、公务员价值取向
公务员，是党和政府治国理政的重要力量。公务员职业道德，是每一名公务员应当遵守的职业道德规范和行为准则。加强公务员职业道德建设，是贯彻落实“德才兼备，以德为先”用人标准，不断提升公务员队伍职业道德水平的重要举措，对于增强政府和公务员队伍的公信力、巩固党的执政基础具有重要意义。
本课程通过对公务员职业道德的内容、特点的介绍，阐释公务员应具备的正确价值取向，对学员正确认识公务员职业道德，如何恪守公务员职业道德规范，把握正确的价值取向，有重要的指导意义。【培训收益】
•了解我国公务员职业道德的基本内容
•了解我国公务员职业道德的特点
•明确公务员应具备的正确价值取向
•明确公务员职业道德的重要意义
第五篇：英语演讲稿二
Insisting
Dear teachers and students,I am honored to have a speech in our school‟s 100-year anniversary.Today my topic is insisting.Napoleon said that victory belongs to the people who persist to the last.We all know that nothing in our life can always run smoothly.As the hosts of the 21st century, we students should learn how to face the failures and challenges.So when we are in trouble, we should insist and never give up.Throughout history, most of the successful people did achieve their successes after years of failures and years of insisting.The “invention king”, Edison, invented the storage-battery after experiencing 50 thousand failures.Dickens, a not talented writer, completed the world-famous novel, „A tale of two cities‟ after years of observing.The successes have something in common, and the failures have their own excuse.The difference between successful people and ordinary ones is that the former can work hard for many years or for their lives, just because they stick to their ideas and they did it.Now in our daily life, the reason why so many people failed to fulfill the goals or realize the dreams is that they have no spirit of insisting in anything they do.Take myself for example;
every morning the sunshine outside the window warns me that a new day comes and I still have finished nothing.Once I was very interested in Japanese, but I gave it up after a term‟s learning.I made up my mind to run three or four circles every night to exercise myself, but I seldom did it.Perhaps this is the main reason why I am still an ordinary girl.A very famous proverb goes that work by fits and starts.Take the postgraduate entrance exam for example.Almost thirty percentages of the college students wanted to get a master‟s degree, but not every one can realize it.Generally speaking, those who insist on self-study have more chance to be the winner.If there is anyone here who still doubts that all things are possible, who still wondered that the dreams of ourselves arealive in our heart, who still questions the power of insisting, now it‟s your answer, it‟s the answer told by your voice from your heart that tells you to insist when you want to give up.It has been a long coming, but one day, maybe just around the Conner.In the future or the future of the future, we will meet a lost of problems which may be far beyond our imagination.I hope all my friends can overcome yourself and just insist, then, the victory belongs to you.That‟s all, thank you for your listening.
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