英美文化部分名词解释

第一篇：英美文化部分名词解释

The Cold War（冷战）

By the end of WWⅡ, the United States, which had not suffered as much as other allied countries, because the strongest country in the world.As the possessor of atomic tombs and much of the world’s gold reserve and industrial production in its hand, the policy-makers of the US wanted a world order dominated by the US, a world market free and open to American goods and services.In pursuing this goal, the US encountered determined resistance from the Soviet Union.Gradually the two wartime allies fell apart and the Cold War began.Mrs.Thatcher（撤切尔主义）

Thatcherism referred to the policies put forward by Margaret Thatcher, the first woman prime minister in England in 1979.The main contents of her policies included the return to private ownership of state-owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order.To some extent her program was successful and she led one of the most remarkable periods in the British economy.Service industries（服务业）

They are industries that sell a service rather than make a product，which now dominate the economy.Service industries range from banking to telecommunications to the provision of meals in restaurants.As more and more people are employed in service industries in the US, it is sometimes said the US has moved into a “post-industrial era”.Regionalism(地方主义)

As pioneers settled new territories in the West, writers now focused on the differences between the various regions of the United States rather than on a single vision of the expanding country.Stock（股票）

When starting or expanding business, corporations need to borrow money.They may issue stocks for people to buy.When people buy stock, they become part owner of the company.If the company makes a profit, they receive a share of it.Likewise, if the company loses money, the stockholders will not make a profit or the value of their shares will drop—they lose money.Therefore buying stock is a risk.Three Faiths in the US（三大信仰）

By the 1950s, the three faiths model of American religion had developed.Americans were considered to come in three basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish.In terms of numbers, the Protestants are the strongest, the Catholics are next to the Protestants and Jewish are the smallest among

the three groups.The Civil Rights Movement（公民权利运动）

It’s one of the most important of all social movement in the 1960s U.S.history.Rosa Park’s spontaneous action in 1955 was believed to be the true beginning of the civil rights movement.The black students’ sit-in at a department lunch counter in North Carolina touched off the nationwide civil rights movement.During the first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like SNCC(the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, CORE(the Congress of Racial Equality), and SCLC(the Southern Christian Leadership Conference)struggled for racial integration by providing leadership, tactics, network and the people.In the latter half of the decade, some black organizations changed their nonviolent tactics, and emphasized on more radical means to end discrimination and raised the self image of the blacks.The civil rights movement produced such great leaders as Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X, who inspired a generation of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equality in the U.S.The containment policy（压制政策）

The US put into effect the containment policy in the late 1940s.By containment, the US meant that it would use whatever means, including military force, to prevent the Soviet Union from breaking out of its sphere of influence.In order to contain communism, the US fought two was in Asia: the Korean War and the Vietnam War.The “Lost Generation”(迷惘的一代)

In the aftermath of World War I, many novelists produced a literature of disillusionment.Some lived abroad.They were known as the “Lost Generation”.The two most representative writers of the “Lost Generation” were Hemingway and Fitzgerald.Transcendentalists（超验主义者）

In his book Nature, Ralph Waldo Emerson claimed that by studying and responding to nature individuals could reach a higher spiritual state without formal religion.A circle of intellectuals who were discontented with the New England establishment gathered around Emerson.They accepted Emerson’s theories about spiritual transcendence.They are known as Transcendentalists.The “Beat Generation”（跨掉的一代）

The “Beat Generation” was made up of a group of young writers in the 1950s based in San Francisco.The name referred simultaneously to the rhythm of Jazz music, to their sense that society was worn out, to the interest in new forms of experience, through drugs, alcohol or Eastern mysticism.Alan Ginsburg’s Howl set for them a tone of social protest.Greensboro Sit-in(格林斯博罗静坐)

On February 1, 1960, 4 freshmen from a black college in Greensboro, North Carolina, sat down at a department lunch counter and ordered coffee.When refused, they continued to sit at the counter, openly defying the segregation law prevailing in the state.The next day, more students joined them.Thus began the civil rights movement, which spread from the south to the north.Later, this quiet “sit-in” became the major nonviolent direct action tactics to be used by black civil rights activists.White-collar crimes(白领阶层的犯罪)

White-collar crimes are those committed by higher income groups such as the crimes of fraud, false advertising, corporate price fixing, bribery, embezzlement, industrial pollution, tax evasion and so on.Yet the statistics provided by the FBI tend to overlook white-collar crimes.In fact, white-collar crimes are often ignored by law enforcement agencies.Some sociologists argue that the higher classes may actually have a higher rate of crime than the lower classes.

第二篇：英美文学名词解释

名词解释（英国）

Epic（叙事诗）: Epic is a narrative poem on the grand scale and in majestic style concerning the exploits and adventures of a superhuman hero(or heroes)engaged in a quest or some serious endeavor.Among noted epics are

Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, old English Beowulf and Milton’s Paradise Lost.is a long composition, in verse or in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.It generally concerns knights and involves a large amount of fighting as well as a number of miscellaneous adventures and a series of love stories.anonymous narrative song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and the fourth lines rhymed.The word “Renaissance” means “rebirth”(of learning).The Renaissance period was marked by a reawakening of interest in learning, in the individual and in the world of nature.The revival of learning led scholars back to the culture of Greece and Rome.The rebirth of interest in the

individual gave rise to a new appreciation of beauty, to a desire for self-expression in varied activities and to the creation of great works of art.The renewal of curiosity about the natural world ultimately drew men to discover new lands and new scientific truth.Humanism was a literary and philosophic system of thought which attempted to place the affairs of mankind at the centre of its concerns.According to humanists, man should mould the world according to his own desires, and attains happiness by removing all external checks by the exercise of the human intellect.Sonnet（十四行诗）：A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter with a carefully patterned rhyme scheme.Puritanism was the religious doctrine of revolutionary

bourgeoisie during the English Revolution.It preached thrift, sobriety, hard work and unceasing labor, with no extravagant enjoyment of the fruits of labor.Worldly

pleasures were condemned as harmful.Puritans opposed

churches,squandering property.Enlightenment（启蒙运动）：The movement, on the whole, an expression of the struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism, class inequality, stagnation and prejudices.The enlighteners believed in the power of reason and the watchword was Common Sense.Neo-classicism（新古典主义）：Modeling itself on the literature of ancient Greece and Rome, neoclassicism exalts the virtues of proportion, unity, harmony, grace, taste, manners, and restraint.It values realism and reason over imagination and emotion.Wit and satire flourished in this period, as did the ode and verse written in heroic couplets.Romanticism is a movement prevailing the Western world in the 19th century in literature, art, music and philosophy, beginning as a reaction and protest against the bondage of rules and customs of

neo-classicism to unfetter human spirit.It returned to nature and plain humanity for material.It is a movement of expression of individual originality.Imagination is highlighted and a dream of golden age is required against stern reality.义）：Critical realists

described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.In their best works, the greed and hypocrisy of the upper classes are contrasted with the honesty and good-heartedness of the obscure “simple people” of the lower classes.Humor and satire abound.Without finding a way of solution, they do not point toward revolution but rather evolution or

reformism with happy endings.basic theory of the Aesthetic movement---“art for art’s sake”.Aestheticism places art above life, and holds that life should imitate art, not art imitate life.According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to

objective.Only when art is for art’s sake, can it be immortal.Stream of Consciousness（意识流小说）：First, it reveals the action or plot through the mental processes of the

characters.Second, character development is achieved

through revelation of extremely personal and often typical thought processes.Third, the action of the plot seldom corresponds to real

chronological time, but moves back and forth through present time to memories of past

events and dreams of the future.Fourth, it replaces narration, description, and commentary with interior monologue and free association.动）：feminism is a belief in the social, political and economic equality of the sexes, and a movement organized around the conviction that biological sex should not be the

pre-determinant factor shaping a person's social identity or socio-political or economic rights.结）：In Greek myth, Oedipus is the king who is said to kill his father and marry his mother.According to Freud, children may have sexual drives subconsciously toward the opposite parent.Here, Oedipus complex refers to that boy’s obsession to his mother.In English literature, Lawrence is the first to introduce male characters’ impotence to females because of mother’s excessive love.（美国）

清教）

The settlements grew out of religious controversy, out of an urge for religious freedom and determination, out of fleeing from religious and political oppression and persecution, out of human thirst for greater

economic opportunity, for land, and for adventure.American Puritans stressed predestination, original sin, total depravity and limited atonement from God’s grace.They built a way of stressed hard work, diligence and thrift, piety and sobriety, rigid sense of morality, self-reliance.Transcendentalism（超验主义）

Transcendentalism is a philosophical and literary

movement centered in Concord and Boston, which was

prominent in the intellectual and cultural life of New

England from 1836 until just before the Civil War.It stresses mode of knowledge grounded in feeling and intuition;self-trust, self-reliance and self-sufficiency;a turn away from modern society;a faith in a divine “Principle”, or “Spirit”, or “Soul”.In gothic novel, there is usually a gloomy castle furnished with dungeon.The typical story focused on the sufferings imposed on an innocent

heroine by a cruel and lustful villain, and made bountiful use of ghosts, mysterious disappearances, and other sensational and supernatural occurrence.The principal aim of such novels was to evoke chilling terror and a variety of horror.

第三篇：英美文学名词解释

英美文学名词解释

1.Allegory: A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities.An allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.2.Alliteration: The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry.3.Allusion: A reference to a person, a place, an event, or a literary work that a writer expects the reader to recognize and respond to.An allusion may be drawn from history, geography, literature, or religion.4.American Naturalism: American naturalism was a new and harsher realism.American naturalism had been shaped by the war;by the social upheavals that undermined the comforting faith of an earlier age.America’s literary naturalists dismissed the validity of comforting moral truths.They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by their environment and heredity.In presenting the extremes of life, the naturalists sometimes displayed an affinity to the sensationalism of early romanticism, but unlike their romantic predecessors, the naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that lives were controlled by heredity and environment, that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death.Although naturalist literature described the world with sometimes brutal realism, it sometimes also aimed at bettering the world through social reform.5.American Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.The Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church.The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them.They were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles.As the word itself hints, Puritans wanted to purity their religious beliefs and practices.They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace form God.As a culture heritage, Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind.American Puritanism also had a enduring influence on American literature.6.American Realism: In American literature, the Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end.The Age of Realism came into existence.It came as a reaction against the lie of romanticism and sentimentalism.Realism turned from an emphasis on the strange toward a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived.It expresses the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience.7.American Romanticism: The Romantic Period covers the first half of the 19th century.A rising America with its ideals of democracy and equality, its industrialization, its westward expansion, and a variety of foreign influences were among the important factors which made literary expansion and expression not only possible but also inevitable in the period immediately following the nation’s political independence.Yet, romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies a source of corruption.Romantic values were prominent in American politics, art, and philosophy until the Civil War.The romantic exaltation of the individual suited the nation’s revolutionary heritage and its frontier egalitarianism.8.American Transcendentalism: Transcendentalists terroras from the romantic literature of Europe.They spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of Americagogopirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the Universe.They stressed the importance of the individual.To them, the individual was the most important element of society.They offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God.Nature was, to them, alive, filled with God’s overwhelming presence.Transcendentalism is based on the belief that the most fundamental truths about life and death can be reached only by going beyond the world of the senses.Emerson’s Nature has been called the “Manifesto of American Transcendentalism” and his The American Scholar has been rightly regarded as America’s “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”.9.Analogy:(a figure of speech)A comparison made between tow things to show the similarities between them.Analogies are often used for illustration or for argument.10.Anapest抑抑扬: It’s made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables, with the two unstressed ones in front.11.Antagonist: A person or force opposing the protagonist in a narrative;a rival of the hero or heroine.12.Antithesis:(a figure of speech)The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words phrases, or sentences.An antithesis is often expressed in a balanced sentence, that is, a sentence in which identical or similar grammatical structure is used to express contrasting ideas.13.Aphorism: A concise, pointed statement expressing a wise or clever observation about life.14.Apostrophe顿呼法: A figure of speech in which an absent or a dead person, an abstract quality, or something nonhuman is addressed directly.15.Argument: A form of discourse in which reason is used to influence or change people’s idea or actions.Writers practice argument most often when writing nonfiction, particularly essays or speeches.16.Aside: In drama, lines spoken by a character in an undertone or directly to the audience.An aside is meant to be heard by the other characters onstage.17.Assonance: The repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in poetry.Assonance is often employed to please the ear or emphasize certain sounds.18.Atmosphere: The prevailing mood or feeling of a literary work.Atmosphere is often developed, at least in part, through descriptions of setting.Such descriptions help to create an emotional climate for the werrors to establish the reader’s expectations and attitudes.19.Autobiography: A person’s account of his or her own life.An autobiography is generally written in narrative form and includes some introspection.20.Ballad: A story told in verse and usually meant to be sung.In many countries, the folk ballad was one of the earliest forms of literature.Folk ballads have no known authors.They were transmitted orally from generation to generation and were not set down in writing until centuries after they were first sung.The subject matter of folk ballads stems from the everyday life of the common people.Devices commonly used in ballads are the refrain, incremental repetition, and code language.A later form of ballad is the literary ballad, which imitates the style of the folk ballad.21.Ballad stanza: A type of four-line stanza.The first and third lines have four stressed words or syllables;the second and fourth lines have three stresses.Ballad meter is usually iambic.The number of unstressed syllables in each line may vary.The second and fourth lines rhyme.22.Biography: A detailed account of a person’s life written by another person.23.Blank verse: Verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.24.Caesura诗间休止: A break or pause in a line of poetry.25.Canto: A section or division of a long poem.26.Caricature: The use of exaggeration or distortion to make a figure appear comic or ridiculous.A physical characteristic, an eccentricity, a personality trait, or an act may be exaggerated.27.Character: In appreciating a short story, characters are an indispensable element.Characters are the persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work.Forst divides characters into two types: flat character, which is presented without much individualizing detail;and round character, which is complex in temperament and motivation and is represented with subtle particularity.28.Characterizatiogogoo, the means by which a writer reveals that personality.29.Classicism: A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome.Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order.Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.30.Climax: The point of greatest intensity, interest, or suspense in a gogotory’s turning point.The action leading to the climax and the simultaneous increase of tension in the plot are known as the rising action.All action after the climax is referred to as the falling action, or resolution.The term crisis is sometimes used interchangeably with climax.31.Comedy: in general, a literary work that ends happily with a healthy, amicable armistice between the protagonist and society.32.Conceit: A kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things.A conceit may be a brief metaphor, but it usually provides the framework for an entire poem.An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit.33.Conflict: A struggle between two opposing forces or characters in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem.Usually the events of the story are all related to the conflict, and the conflict is resolved in some way by the story’s end.34.Connotation: All the emotions and associations that a word or phrase may arouse.Connotation is distinct from denotation, which is the literal or “ dictionary” meaning of a word or phrase.35.Consonance: The repetition of similar consonant sounds in the middle or at the end of words.36.Couplet: Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme.A heroic couplet is an iambic pentameter couplet.37.Critical Realism: The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the fouties and in the beginning of fifties.The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality.But they did not find a way to eradicate social evils.38.Dactyl扬抑抑: It’s made up of one stressed and two unstressed syllables, with the

stressed in front.39.Denotation: The literal or “dictionary” meaning of a word.40.Denouement结局: The outcome of a plot.The denouement is that part of a play, short story, novel, or narrative poem in which conflicts are resolved or unraveled, and mysteries and secrets connected with the plot are explained.41.Description: It is a great part of conversation and of almost all writing.It is a part of autobiography, storytelling.With description, the writer tries terror, feel, and hear by showing rather than by merely telling.It’s through the use of specific details and concrete language that abstract ideas and half-formed thoughts are make vividly real.We have objective and subjective description.42.Diction: A writer’s choice of words, particularly for clarity, effectiveness, and precision.43.Dissonance: A harsh or disagreeable combination of sounds;discord.44.Dramatic monologue: A kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.The occasion is usually a crucial one in the speaker’s personality as well as the incident that is the subject of the poem.45.Elegy: A poem of mourning, usually over the death of an individual.An elegy is a type of lyric poem, usually formal in language and structure, and solemn or even melancholy in tone.46.Emblematic image: A verbal picture or figure with a long tradition of moral or religious meaning attached to it.47.Enlightenment: With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other European countries, there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment.The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeois against feudalism.The egogo inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.The attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people.48.Epic: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.49.Epigram: A short, witty, pointed statement often in the form of a poem.50.Epigraph: A quotation or motto at the beginning of a chapter, book, short story, or poem that makes some point about the work.51.Epilogue收场白: A short addition or conclusion at the end of a literary work.52.Epiphany主显节: A moment of illumination, usually occurring at or near the end of a work.53.Epitaph: An inscription on a gravestone or a short poem written in memory of someone who has died.54.Epithet称号: A descriptive name or phrase used to characterize someone or something.55.Era of Modernism: The years from 1910 to 1930 are often called the Era of Modernism, for there seems to have been in both Europe and America a strong awareness of some sort of “break” with the past.The new artists shared a desire to capture the complexity of modern life, to focus on the variety and confusion of the 20th century by reshaping and sometimes discarding the ideas and habits of the 19th century.The Era of Modernism was indeed the era of the New.56.Essay: A piece of prose writing, usually short, that deals with a subject in a limited way and expresses a particular point or view.An essay may be serious or humorous, tightly organized

or rambling, restrained or emotional.The two general classifications of essay are the informal essay and the formal essay.An informal essay is usually brief and is written as if the writer is talking informally to the reader about some topic, using a conversational style and a personal or humorous tone.By contrast, a formal essay is tightly organized, dignified in style, and serious in tone.57.Exemplum说教故事: A tale, usually inserted into the text of a sermon that illustrates a moral principle.58.Exposition:(1)That part of a narrative or drama in which important background information is revealed.(2)It is the kind of writing that is intended primarily to present information.Exposition is one of the major forms of discourse.The most familiar form it takes is in essays.Exposition is also that part of a play in which important background information is revealed to the audience.59.Fable: A fable is a short story, often with animals as its characters, which illustrate a moral.60.Farce: A type of comedy based on a ridiculous situation, often with stereotyped characters.The humor in a farce is largely slapstick—that is, it often involves crude physical action.The characters in a farce are often the butts of practical jokes.bb s.kaoyan.com

第四篇：英美文化

(二)带来交际中的尴尬一位50来岁的美国妇女在中国任教,有一位年的中国同事请她到自己家里来吃饭,一进门,女主人就把4岁的女儿介绍给客人。小姑娘用英语说:/阿姨好!0因为她妈妈跟她说过,见了成年妇女就要这样问好。/对,不能叫阿姨0妈妈连忙纠正说/要叫奶奶。不要叫奶奶, 就叫我阿姨好了。0/那太没礼貌了,您比我年纪大多了。0美国妇女脸红了,笑笑说:/就叫我阿姨吧,我喜欢这样。0为什么美国妇女在这种场合会感到尴尬呢?因为中国人和美国人对待年龄问题的态度不同,即文化背景不同。

(三)造成英汉翻译的错位由于文化的差异,用母语互译的方式理解和翻译某些句子和词汇,往往会闹出不少笑话。例如:/BalckTea0(红茶)常被当作/黑茶0,/狼吞虎咽0 英语应为/Eatkileahorse0,有人却译作/akilteawolfandtiger0。尤其是对一些成语和谚语的翻译更要慎重,千万不能从其字面意思来翻译,否则会错误百出,贻笑大方。由此可见,语言和文化相互依存,密不可分,在不了解英美文化背景的前提下,我们就不可能正确理解和运用英语语言。

第五篇：英美文学部分

英美文学

B41 ．The English Renaissance period was an age of

A.poetry and drama.B.drama and novel.C.novel and poetry.D.romance and poetry.42.In Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice，Antonio could not pay back the money he borrowed from Shy-

lock，because

A.his money was all invested in the newly-emerging textile industry.B.his enterprise went bankrupt.C.Bassanio was able to pay his own debt.D.his ships had all been lost.43 ．In English poetry，a four-line stanza is called

A.heroic couplet.B.quatrain.C.Spenserian stanza.D.terza rima.44.The 18th century witnessed a new literary form-the modern English novel，which，contrary to the

medieval romance，gives a＿presentation of life of the common people.A.romanticB.realisticC.propheticD.idealistic 45 ．As a whole，＿is one of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects

in the then English and European life-socially，politically，religiously，philosophically，scientifi-cally，and morally.A.Moll FlandersB.Gulliver’s Travels

C.Pilgrim’s ProgressD.The School for Scandal

46.Which of the following works best represents the national spirit of the 18th-century England?

A.Robinson CrusoeB.Gulliver’s Travels

C.Jonathan Wild the GreatD.A Sentimental journey

．Shelley’s masterpiece，Prometheus Unbound，is a verse drama，which borrows the basic story from

A.the BibleB.a German legend

C.a Greek playD.One Thousand and One Nights

48.In the first part of the novel Pride and Prejudice，Mr.Darcy has a（n)＿of the Bennet family.A.high opinionB.great admirationC.low opinionD.erroneous view

49.In Byron’s poem“Song for the Luddites，”the word“Luddite“ refers to the

A.workers who destroyed the machines in their protest against unemployment.B.rising bourgeoisie who fights against the aristocratic class.C.descendents of the ancient king，Lud.D.poor country people who suffered under the rule of the landlord class.50.Mr.Micawber in David Copperfield and Sam Well in Pickwick Paper's are perhaps the best＿characters created by Charles Dickens.A.comicB.tragicC.roundD.sophisticated

B51 ．A typical Forsyte，according to John Galsworthy，is a man with a strong sense

of＿，who never pays any attention to human feelings.A.justiceB.humorC.moralityD.property

C52 ．Linguistically，compared with the writings of Mark Twain，Henry James’s fiction

is noted for his

A.frontier vernacular.B.rich colloquialism.C.vulgarly descriptive words.D.refined elegant language.A53．Which of the following statements about Washington Irving is NOT true?

A.Literary imagination should breed in a land rich in the past culture.B.He is preoccupied with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil.C.His stories are among the best of the American literature.D.Some of his works are based on the materials of the European legendary tales.D 54 ．Which of the following is NOT one of the main ideas advocated by Emerson，the

chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism?

A.As an individual，man is divine and can develop and improve himself infinitely.B.Nature exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human beings.C.There exists an emotional communication between an individual soul and the

universal“Over-soul.”

D.Evil and sin are ever present in human heart and will pass on from one generation

to“another.”

B55 ．Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT

A.the strict poetic form.B.the free and natural rhythm.C.the easy flow of feelings.D.the simple and conversational language.56.Which of the following works best illustrates the Calvinistic view of original sing

A.Stowe’s Uncle Ton’，CabinB.James’s The Portrait of a Lady.C.Hemingway’s A Farewell to ArmsD.Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter.57 ．Beside symbolism，all the following qualities EXCEPT＿are fused to make

Melville’s Moby-Dick a world classic．

A.narrative powerB.psychological analysis

C.speculative agilityD.optimistic view of life

C58 ．The raft with which Huck and Jim make their voyage down the Mississippi River

may symbolize all the following EXCEPT

A.a return to nature.B.an escape from evils，injustices，and corruption of the civilized society.C.the American society in the early 19th century.D.a small world where people of different colors can live friendly and happily.D59 ．Emily Grierson，the protagonist in Faulkner’s story“A Rose for Emily，”can be

regarded as a symbol for all the following qualities EXCEPT

A.old values.B.rigid ideas of social status.C.bigotry and eccentricity.D.harmony and inte护ty.B60.As a Modernist poet，Pound is noted for his active involvement in the

A.cubist school of modern painting.B.Imagist Movement.C.stream-of-consciousness technique.D.German Expressionism.61 ．The statement that a boy’s night journey to an Indian village to witness the violence

of both birth and death provides all the possibilities of a learning experience may well sum

up the major theme of

A.Faulkner’s story“A Rose for Emily”

B.Hemingway’s story“Indian Camp“．

C.Irving’s story“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”．

D.James’s story“Daisy Miller“．

62.Which of the following plays by 0’Neill can be read autobiographically?

A.The Hairy ApeB.The Emperor Jones

C.The Iceman ComethD.Long Day’s Journey Into Night

．According to Mark Twain，in river towns up and down the Mississippi，it was every

boy’s dream to

some day grow up to be

A.Methodist preacher.B.a justice of the peace.C.a riverboat pilot.D.a pirate on the Indian ocean.64 ．Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that

A.the former celebrates reason，rationality，order and instruction while the latter sees

literature as an expression of an individual’s feeling and experiences.B.the former is heavily religious but the latter secular.C.the former is an intellectual movement the purpose of which is to arouse the middle

class for political rights while the latter is concerned with the personal cultivation.D.the former advocates the“return to nature” whereas the latter turns to the ancient

Greek and Roman writers for its models.65.“Surface“，“Sneerwell”，“Backbite“，and“Candour” are most likely the names of the

characters in

A.Shaw’s Mrs Warren’s Profession

B.Sheridan’s The School for Scandal

C.Shakespeare’s Love’s Labour’s Lost

D.Christopher Marlowe’s Dr.Faustus

66.Tess of the D’Urbervilles，one of Thomas Hardy’s best known一 novels，portrays

man as

A.being hereditarily either good or bad.B.being self-sufficient.C.having no control over his own fate.D.still retaining his own faith in a world of confusion.67 ．Which of the following brings LITTLE impact on the development of 20th century

literature？

A.Friedrich Nietzche’s assertions：“God is dead“

B.Arther Schopenharuer’s and Henry Bergson’s philosophical ideas of irrationality.C ．Oscar Wilde’s idea of“Art for Art’s Sake”．

D.Freudian-Jungian psycho-analysis

．The term tone in literature means

A.sound effect such as rhyme and metrical device.B.the pitch of a word used to determine its meaning in the given context.C.the manner of expression to indicate the speaker’s attitude towards the subject.D.a shade of colour to reflect the change of the light.69 ．James Joyce is the author of all the following novels except

A.Dubliners.B.Jude the Obscure.C.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.D.Ulysses.70.We can perhaps summarize that Walt Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the

following features except that they are

A.conversational and crude.B.lyrical and well一structured.C ．wimple and rather crude.D.free-flowing.71 ．Who exerts the single most important influence on literary naturalism，of which

Theodore Dreiser and Jack London are among the best representative writers

A.FreudB.Darwin.C.W.D.Howells.D.Emerson

72．Mark Twain，one of the greatest 19th century American writers，is well known for his

A.international theme.B.waste-land imagery.C.local color.D.symbolism.73 ．The period before the American Civil War is commonly referred to as

A.the Romantic Period.B.the Realistic Period.C．the Naturalist Period.D.the Modern

Period.74 ．Most of Herman Melville’s novels are based on sea voyages and sea adventures.Which of the follow ing is not the case?

A.Typee.B.Moby-Dick.C.Omoo.D.The Confidence-Man

．In Henry James’Daisy Miller，the author tries to portray the young woman as an

embodiment of

A.the force of convention.B.the free spirit of the New World.C.the decline of aristocracy.D.the corruption of the newly rich.D76.Which of the following is not a work of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s?

A.The House of the Seven Gables.B.The Blithedale Romance.C.The Marble Falun.D.White Jacket.C 77 ．Besides sketches，tales and essays，Washington Irving also published a book on＿

＿，which is

also considered an important part of his creative writing.A.poetic theoryB ．French art

C.history of New YorkD.life of George Washington

A78 ．In Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby，there are detailed descriptions of big parties.The

purpose of such descriptions is so show

A.emptiness of life.B.the corruption of the upper class.C.contrast of the rich and the poor.D.the happy days of the Jazz Age.79 ．In American literature，escaping from the society and returning to nature is a common

subject.The following titles are all related，in one way or another，to the subject except

A.Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.B.Dreiser’s Sister Carrie.C.Copper’s Leather-Stocking Tales.D.Thoreau’s Walden.D80.Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life.Which of the

following is not a usual subject of her poetic expression?

A.Religion.B.Life and death.C.Love and marriage.D.War and peace.l鬓蒸 NB

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