四级作文万能之议论文

第一篇：四级作文万能之议论文

Model 1问题—解决类作文写作

Example: social problems(pollution, divorce)

problem.Accordingly,problem is becoming more and more serious.People have found many solutions to this problem.For instance, 一）.However, I’m against the idea of④（应反对的措施）We can imagine how uncomfortable it would be to

In brief, hardly rely on only one way to solve the problem completely.Model 2积极有利类作文写作

Example: Sports

Nowadays,例说明主题的现状）.Generally, its advantages can be listed as follows.First,Besides,Through the above analysis, my attitude toward this matter is positive, and the reasons are simple.It not only brings us 处之二）we have not expected.Therefore, I can see its bright future from now on.Model3利弊分析类写作

Example: The Opening of Universities to the Public

套路 1

Nowadays many people preferbecause it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First,But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that make matters worse,.Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to 法）.套路2

With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality.Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful.The phenomenon ofis an example of the former/latter ones.There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most typical ones.First,（优点二）.Eventually,④（优点三）.The negative effects on our life/or sth else could be seen in several ways, too.The apparent example is that.In addition,On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society.There is still a long way for us to

improve/eliminate

套路3

Everything has two sides of effects on human life.exception, too.The most apparent and positive effect isIt will bring us.It also will give us 明二）.the second advantage lies in④（优点二）.As I have mentioned above, however, A has a negative influence on.Furthermore, A could make us feel.Sometimes

From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by that way,Model4观点对比类作文写作

套路1

The topic ofis becoming the most popular one recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people sayAis their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of.What’ more, 二）Moreover④（理由三）.While others think thatBis a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,.Secondly, 三）.From my point of view, I think.The reason is that 因）.套路2

Many students like in②（主题）.some of them think thatA.They think that 因）and they should④（结果）.Other students, however, don’t think so.They feel thatB.They argue that 支持B的原因.I like A.Because.So, as a result, I 果）.By A, I can⑧（重申支持A的理由）.I like this way of⑨（主题）.Model 5.定义解释类写作

The good old proverbreminds us that , Indeed, we can learn many things from it.First of all,.For example,Secondly,（理由二）.Another case is that⑥（举例说明）.Furthermore,⑦（理由三）.In my opinion,Model 6图表作文

As is shown in the table(or in the graph), … dropped from … in 1994 to … in 1996.According to the figures given in the table, … has great increased(or

decreased)in the past … years(or decades), reaching … in 1996.From the table we can also see that there has been a sharp decline(or rise)in …It is clear that …

There are at least two good reasons for …On the one hand, …Let’s have an example to illustrate the great increase in …On the other hand, … is due to the fact that …In addition, … is responsible for …Maybe there are some other reasons

to show …But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.As far as I am concerned, …/So my conclusion is that …I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.常用句首短语及句式（Phrases and Sentences Used to Start an Essay）

1．With the(rapidly)growing popularity of Internet surfing(computers/cars/mobile phones/pagers/PDP television/...)in China, the quality of our lives is improving for the better.2．With the(rapid)growth of our economy(heavy industries/transportation system/market economy/population/private enterprises/housing industry/...),an increasing number of problems, such as(water shortages/traffic jams/industrial pollution/waste of energy/desert spreading/...), are beginning to surface.3.With the(rapid)development of science and technology(market

economy/electronic industry/information industry/higher education/...)an increasing number of people come to realize that(knowledge is power/a weak nation has no International prestige/education is of vital importance ….4.There is a wide concern that many large state-owned companies are in deficit(quite a few Chinese cities face the problem of water shortages, industrial pollution and waste of energy/various kind of superstition flare up/...).5．Currently, there is a widespread concern over drug abuse(high unemployment

rate / wildlife extinction /environmental pollution/desertification/organized crime/widespread corruption /energy crisis/water shortages/traffic

jams/increasing traffic accidents/...).6.In the past two decades(In the past five years), millions of private enterprises

(private schools / supermarkets / fast food restaurants/...)have mushroomed all over China

7.There are three major values of owning a car(a computer/an apartment/a

mobile phone/a

beeper/...).To begin with...Next...Last...There are, on the other hand, more reasons against it.First(!y)...Second(!y)...Finally…

8.Different people have different attitudes towards the biding of the 29th

Olympic Games(access to WTO/private cars/high unemployment rate/Internet surfing/private schools/state monopoly of

telecommunication/urbanization/stock/...)Some are in favor of...while others are against…

9.When it comes to the access to WTO(Internet surfing / private schools /

brain-drain / e-business / high rate of unemployment/China's football / recycling / widespread corruption …)most people believe that...But other people argue that...10.Recently, extensive studies(statistics/surveys/investigations/...)show

(reveal/indicate/ demonstrate/prove/...)that 107 Chinese cities and 1231 small towns suffer water shortages.常用句尾短语及句式（Phrases and Sentences Used to End an Essay）

1.Without computer(cell telephone/PDP

television/cars/microelectronics/telecommunication/ Internet/genetics advances/...), it would be difficult to imagine modern life.2.We should redouble our efforts to build China into a powerful

(prosperous/better...)nation with international prestige

3.It is imperative for us to take effective measures to correct the situation(fight corruption/ hold back a tidal wave of crime/terminate excessive exploitation of natural resources/ease water shortages/...)

4..In order to make our world a better place in which to live, we must learn to

live in harmony with all wildlife species(stop polluting our environment right away/conscientiously follow family planning).5． In short,(population explosion, environmental pollution and exhaustion of

natural resources)are the major problems to be solved to make our world a better place in which to live.6.I want to be a teacher(a doctor/or to do something)not only because.., but also because.7.It goes without saying that science and technology constitute the primary productive force(knowledge is something/creativity is everything/cheating never pays/...).

第二篇：四级应用文、议论文

应用文：

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A letter Applying for a Bank Loan.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1.简单介绍个人情况(联合大学大一学生，物理专业)2.说明申请助学贷款的原因、数额

3.保证会合理利用贷款并表明还款的决心 A letter Applying for a Bank Loan Sep 12th, 2008 To whom it may concern, I am a freshman of Lianhe University, majoring in Applied Physics.I am writing in the hope that I may obtain a bank loan to support my study in Applied Physics for the following four years.My parents are both laid-off workers, so it’s beyond their power to finance me through the college education.To make matters worse, my mother has suddenly fallen ill and is expecting a major operation.With the college tuition becoming a much heavier burden on my family, I am compelled to apply for a RMB 20000 bank loan.I give you my promise that the loan would be used properly.Meanwhile, I’ll spare no effort to work hard both in the study and my future career in order to pay back the loan.I would be greatly obliged if my application is granted.And I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours, *** 社团招聘

Welcome to Our Club 1.本社团的主要活动内容 2.参加本社团的好处 3.如何加入本社团

Welcome to our club!Our “Easy-to-Learn” English club aims at helping college students to study English in easier ways.there may be varieties of colorful activities almost every week in our club, such as English Talk Show, English Corner, English lectures, English Songs Competition, etc.If you are accepted by our club, you will find you have made a wise choice.To begin with, you may practice and improve your English in our activities in a relaxed and comfortable way.In addition, you may make new friends in the activities, which will inevitably make your college life more enjoyable and meaningful.Last but not the least, you may participate in all the activities free for charge.If you feel interested in our club, please don’t hesitate to join us.You just need to fill in the form and we will contact you as soon as possible.Our telephone numbers is 7788666, and if you have any problem, please call us.Thanks for you attention and we are looking forward to your joining!

以下是四级考试曾考过的4篇应用文/说明文：

(招募志愿者启事)Volunteers Needed

1.校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者

2.本次志愿者活动的目的、内容、安排等

3.报名条件及联系方式

As the summer holiday is approaching, the Student Union will organize a voluntary program and is now recruiting volunteers.This program will focus on teaching farmers’ children at Guan Ming School.It aims to instill confidence, independence and optimism into the pupils and to help them improve their English.Through participating in the activity, volunteers can gain teaching experience.Volunteers will give lessons in the morning and organize after-class activities in the afternoon.The program will start on July 15th and end on July 30th.The Student Union will arrange buses to take you to the school.We need 30 local students who are warm-hearted and good at English.Fellow students that meet the requirements and want to take part in the activity please call us at 87654321 or email us at volunteers@126.com.You are welcome to join us!

(竞选学生会主席演讲稿)

A Campaign Speech

1.你认为自己具备什么条件(能力、性格、爱好)可以胜任学生会主席工作。

2.如果当选，你将会为本校同学做什么？

Good evening, Ladies and Gentlemen:

Thank you for coming to this election campaign today.With the trust and complete support of my team, I am delighted to announce that I am running for chairman of the Student Union.2

As a diligent man with pleasant personality, I have been always considered to be a good team member.Meanwhile, as a big fan of sports I fully realize the importance of teamwork and advocate the spirit of being quicker and stronger.I possess strong determination to take firm steps toward achieving the objectives of my team.In addition, my working experience with the Student Union in the past two years will be extremely helpful to my future work here if I get elected.A sign of a really strong organization is that it can change its leadership without hindering its progress and without damaging its values.If I am elected, I believe I have the capability to lead the Union to advance in the right direction.I will cooperate well with my fellow members of the Union and take innovative measures, including establishing a student-information center, forming a teacher-student-friendship association, to make the Union a true assistance to students’ study and life here as well as a bridge of communication between teachers and students.Thank you very much for your attention.(导游介绍)

A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction

1.Your role: a tour guide

2.Your audience: a group of foreign tourists

3.Your introduction should include: some welcoming words;the schedule for the day;a description of the place the tourists will be visiting(e.g.a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.)

You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.Good morning, ladies and gentleman, welcome to Beijing.Now, I would like to introduce myself: My Name is Li Ming, a tourist guide from China Travel Service and it’s great honor to stay here with all of you for a whole day.I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this trip.Here is the schedule of the day.The first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall, the grandest fortification in ancient China.The next sight to look around is the Ming Tombs, which is one of the best-preserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty more than one thousand years 3 ago.In the afternoon, we will go for the Summer Palace, the royal park for Chinese ancient emperors.Currently we are on the way to the Great Wall.Dating back to the seven century B.C., the Great Wall is constructed by respective states for fortifying against invasion of neighboring states.By the reasons of long history and its length, it becomes one of the eight wonders in the world and represents the highest wisdom and crafts.From the top of the Great Wall, we can enjoy a magnificent view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers.It is no doubt that one says, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man”。

This is my introduction to the Great Wall.If you have any questions, please feel free to ask me at any time.（交通事故见证书)

An Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident

1.车祸发生的时间及地点

2.你所见到的车祸情况

3.你对车祸原因的分析

Yesterday afternoon, I happened to witness a terrible traffic accident on my way home from school.It was 5:30 p.m., I was riding back home.When I got to the last crossing on the Century Street, the red light was on.So I applied the brakes, along with a long queue of vehicles waiting to pass.Just at that moment, a private car of Accord with earth roared forward at my side and bumped against the heavy-load truck traveling eastbound.As a result, the car was badly damaged and its driver got fatally injured on the head.As for the cause of the accident, I think the driver of the car should be held responsible: the light was red then;he should have stopped and waited.It was he who had broken the traffic regulations.In addition, the bad weather was part of the cause.It was drizzling then, and the road was quite slippery.Finally, drunk driving was probably an important factor.As the police discovered on the spot, there was a heavy alcoholic smell on the injured body of the car driver.预测作文

（一）My View on Double BA Degree 1.现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见 2.我对这一现象的看法

【范文】

Recently it has become a common phenomenon for college students to have two majors at the same time.In this way, they can get double BA degrees when they graduate from the university several years later.Although it may bring unfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole.To begin with, most students will become more hardworking and efficient in order to finish the learning tasks satisfactorily.Moreover, with two degrees at hand after graduation, they will stand a better chance in the job market full of fierce competition.In the third place, as for today's university students, tuition and fees are becoming more and more expensive.If they can make achievements in study at school and find a satisfactory job afterwards, it will not be a big problem.Weighing the pros and cons of such a new trend, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion that it is beneficial and rewarding.This system not only compels students to work hard, but also prepares them for the coming competition.【点评】

首段直接点题，说明现象；第二段分述三个优点，其中首句为让步状语从句，意思是“虽然可能带来负面的后果，但总体上是有益的”；第三段呼应第二段，得出结论。

范文首段提出大学生读双学位这一普遍现象；第二段分三点进行论述，其中前两点是优点，即学生会更加勤奋，并且有利于他们在激烈的求职市场中找到工作，最后一点是解释可能带来的学费问题并不严重；第三段下结论，呼应第二段。

第二段第三句中的stand a better chance(of)表示“大有希望”；第三段末句中的compel sb．to do sth．表示“迫使某人做某事”。

预测作文

（二）Opening Psychological Courses 1.许多人建议大学开设心理课程 2.我对这一问题的看法

【范文】

Recently more and more educator and common citizens suggest that universities colleges open more courses which are helpful for students' psychological health.Personally, I fully agree with their proposal for the following reasons.On the one hand, the ever-increasing pressure of study at the moment and job-hunting in the future may lead to many psychological problems such as anxiety, depression and even despair, and the psychological courses open a door for communication and relaxation.On the other hand, such courses can teach students how to regulate feelings and emotions under different situations, which is a good preparation for the future life in the complex social network.Finally, these courses also introduce good habits which are conducive to mental and psychological health.To be mature and qualified citizens in the society, students have to do more than study hard.In a word, I warmly welcome the establishment of psychological courses in universities.In my mind, they are good for students' psychological development.【点评】

首段提出主题，其中第二句为过渡句，引出下文；第二段提出三点同意的理由；最后一段得出结论，与第一段首句呼应，其中第二句是解释型的补充说明句。

范文首段提出许多人建议大学开设心理课程。作者同意这一建议，并分三点在第二段中叙述理由。首先，目前的学习以及将来的就业压力需要开设心理课程。其次，教会学生如何调整在不同环境下的情绪。最后，给学生介绍有利于其身心健康的好习惯。第三段总结呼应首段内容。

第二段第一点中的ever-increasing表示“一直在增加的”，修饰两个名词词组，对比鲜明，at the moment表示“现在”，in the future表示“将来”，open a door for…表示“开启了……之门”；第二点中的regulate表示“调节，控制”；第三点中的conducive表示“有益于……的”，后接介词to。

预测作文

（三）Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Dictionary 1.电子辞典的优点

2.电子辞典的缺点

3.我的结论

【范文】

The discussion about electronic dictionaries has never stopped in the past few years.Let's have a look at its advantages and disadvantages before drawing the final conclusion.The biggest advantage of an electronic dictionary is its convenience.Whenever you meet new words or expressions, you can know the meaning quickly.What's more, with the development of science and technology, electronic dictionaries are becoming more and more advanced: they can pronounce the words clearly, provide sample sentences to illustrate word usage and store difficult words for special memorization.Last but by no means the least, electronic dictionaries are becoming cheaper and cheaper, and more and more students can afford them.However, the negative effects are also obvious.To begin with, some students rely too much on the electronic dictionary—they never put their heart into learning new words and expressions.In the second place, some explanations are neither complete nor accurate, which are quite misleading.Finally, new technical inventions do not necessarily lead to progress in learning.Diligence is always the decisive factor, because “there is no royal road to learning”.Up until now, we can see it clearly that an electronic dictionary is not beneficial or harmful in itself.The key lies in the user—so long as we can make proper use of it, it can be most helpful to us in many respects.【点评】

首段提出一个长时间争论的话题；第二段中指出该事物的优点；第三段阐述缺点；第四段首句下结论，表明此事物本身无对错，第二句指出关键在于使用者，即如果合理使用，就会从中受益。

范文首段指出，有关电子辞典的讨论从来没有停止过；第二段阐述优点，即电子辞典便于查询，而且随着技术的发展，电子辞典功能也越来越多，另外价钱也越来越低；第三段提出缺点，电子辞典让学生产生依赖心理，而且有些解释不准确，另外技术的进步不一定带来学习上的进步；最后一段总结，电子辞典本身无对错，关键在于正确使用以便为我们服务。

第二段第三句中的illustrate表示“用图或例子来说明”；第三点中的afford表示“买得起”。第三段第一点中的rely too much on表示“过分依赖”；put one's heart into doing sth．表示“专心致志于某事”；第二点中的accurate表示“精确的”，misleading表示“使人误解的”；第三点第二句中的decisive factor表示“决定因素”。

预测作文

（四）Teenagers' Studying Abroad 1.现在有很多青少年出国留学

2.有些人认为这种做法是有益的 3.我认为这种观点是不对的【范文】

Recently it seems that among the students who choose to study abroad, there are more and more-teenagers who study in high schools or even elementary schools.Many people, especially the parents, think it will certainly do good to their chidren because the independent life will make them learn confidence and perseverance.Moreover, the quality of overseas education is often higher, thus the child stands a better chance of entering a better university and getting a better job in the future.After careful consideration, I have to say the above view is more than biased.On the one hand, early independent life is not necessarily good, if the child cannot receive proper guidance and tender care from both teachers and parents.On the other hand, the educational quality is also a question—too many foreign schools aim at earning money.When the children come back, who can guarantee that they can adapt to the fierce competition here? We can see clearly that although teenagers' studying abroad may bring favorable results, there are still a lot to worry about.It seems necessary for young students to make a careful investigation before going abroad.【点评】

第一段指出当前某种普遍的做法，之后分两点阐述人们支持这种做法的原因；第二段首句鲜明地指出自己反驳的意见，然后分两点来阐述理由；最后一段进行总结，并请当事人在做出决定前多加斟酌。

范文首句点题，指出青少年留学这一现象，并给出支持者的理由，即独立的生活会教会他们自信和坚持不懈，而且国外的教学水平会让学生进入更好的大学、找到更好的工作。第二段给出反对理由。首先，早期独立不一定是件好事。另外，太多的国外学校的目标是挣钱，所以它们的教学质量是令人质疑的。末段总结说青少年留学可能会带来好处，但令人担忧的问题也很多。

第一段第三句中的stand a better chance of表示“有更好的机会做某事”。第二段首句中的biased表示“偏激的，存有偏见的”；第三句中的aim at表示“目的在于”；第四句中的guarantee表示“保证”，adapt to表示“适应”，fierce表示“激烈的”，修饰competition(竞争)。

预测作文

（五）How to Eliminate Cheating on Campus 1.当前校园中存在许多作弊现象 2.解决这一问题的办法是……

【范文】

Nowadays.instead of listening attentively in class and working hard after class, a number of students adopt all kinds of dishonest methods to get high scores in examinations.It has become such a serious problem that it has aroused the concern from the whole society.To put an end to such a serious problem, in my mind., it calls for the efforts from all sides.First of all, the university authority should make it clear that any cheating behaviors in the examinations, from whispering and copying, receiving answers via mobile phones to asking ringers for help, will be severely punished with no exception.Moreover, teachers of all subjects should go all the way to restore honesty by setting an example for the youth through speaking sincerely and behaving truthfully.Last but not least, young students, the future of our nation, should view integrity as the prerequisite to an upright and responsible citizen so as to learn to despise and fight dishonest behaviors throughout the society.How can anybody expect to lead a meaningful life until he is far from any kind of cheating behaviors? Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.【点评】

首段描述一个引起全社会关注的社会现象或问题，并在第二段中给出三个解决办法；末段使用反问句和only引导的倒装句回应主题，效果强烈。

范文首先指出，当前校园中存在的严重的作弊问题已经引起全社会的广泛关注；第二段阐述解决办法。首先，大学应明确任何形式的作弊都会受到惩罚。其次，老师要以身作则，为学生树立榜样。另外，学生应该把诚实作为当一个好公民的必要条件。末段指出，只有同 8 心协力，才能解决校园作弊问题。

第二段第一句中的put an end to表示“结束，终止”，call for表示“要求，需要”；第一点中via指“通过”，with no exception指“没有例外”。第二点中的go all the way to表示“全力以赴”，restore在文中指“重塑”，set an example for表示“为……做榜样”，speaking sincerely and behaving truthfully表示“说话真诚，行为诚实”。第三点中的integrity指“诚实，诚信”，prerequisite指“先决条件”，后接介词for或to；despise表示“蔑视”。

第三篇：四级作文议论文四种类型范文

四级作文议论文四种类型 1.现象解释型作文模板：

Recently, what amazes us most is＿＿＿＿＿．

There are many reasons explaining ＿＿＿＿＿＿．The main reason is＿＿＿＿＿，What is more, ＿＿＿＿＿，Thirdly, ＿＿＿＿＿．As a result, ＿＿＿＿＿．

Considering all these, ＿＿＿＿＿．For one thing, ＿＿＿＿For another, ＿＿＿＿．In conclusion, ＿＿＿＿．

Reference:

My View on Charity Charity is of utmost importance to us humans.While following a spate of scandals, some individuals and institutions involved in this field have encountered criticism in recent months.There are several reasons for this phenomenon.Above all, compared with those of developed countries, the charity awareness in our country is backward.Some people equal charity with donation, and therefore they believe that charity is the rich’s responsibility and has nothing to do with the middle-class and the poor.The second thing that must be taken into consideration is that a number of individuals and charitable organizations lack a sense of social responsibility, which results in the declining social credibility.For my part, I believe the following steps can address this situation.Firstly, people’s awareness of how profound influence charity can bring to our society should be heightened.Secondly, rigorous supervision must be carried out by the administrations involved, so that the charity activities will become more transparent.2.对比选择型

When it comes to ＿＿＿＿, different people hold different views.Some contend that＿＿＿＿.For one thing,＿＿＿＿.For another,＿＿＿.In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ＿＿＿＿，They point out that＿＿＿＿.Another instance often cited is that＿＿＿＿.It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.As for me, there’s some truth to both arguments.It’s advisable to ＿＿＿＿＿＿.Marks or Ability 1．有些学生认为学习成绩是最重要的。2．有些学生认为培养个人能力是最重要的。

3．你的看法。

It is well known that the task of college students is to study, and some students regard that marks are very important.They think that their primary task is to study and learn: from teachers and textbooks.They seldom take part in other activities, for they are afraid that those activities will affect their study.They put marks in the first place, thus neglecting the development of practical abilities.While some other students think it most important to develop their practical ability.They think that college students should not only learn the text knowledge, what’s more, they should also learn from outside the textbook.They think their own practical ability is of primary importance.So they take the chance to develop their own practical ability seriously.In my opinion, we should first study hard, but we should not neglect our own practical abilities, for when we enter the society, we need various abilities.Without practice, it is hard for us to be useful for the society.Should Parents Send Their Kids to Overseas Schools? It has become a popular trend for parents, especially the rich ones, to send their children to overseas schools.To this phenomenon, some people hold a positive view and claim that living and studying abroad benefit the students in various ways.Overseas experience offers students a different perspective of the world.It is the best opportunity for the real-life use of foreign languages.And when returning home, it helps greatly in landing ideal jobs.Others, however, hold the opposite view.Living and studying abroad, they say, is no easy matter.Language and cultural barriers, financial pressure and loneliness can easily bring the kids down.Besides, overseas experience by no means guarantees an ideal job.Many companies think working experience more important than educational background.Personally, I think parents, if they can afford it, should send their children to overseas schools since it is worthwhile.In the first place, the students gain precious experience than those who stay at home.Furthermore, overseas experience can be constructive to character building as well as the growth of children.3.问题解决型

With the ＿＿＿＿of＿＿＿＿，So it is of great importance for us to＿＿＿＿.However, we have figured out many ways to ＿＿＿＿＿．Firstly, ＿＿＿＿So long as＿＿＿＿.Secondly＿＿＿＿, Thirdly＿＿＿＿．In fact＿＿＿＿, That is because ＿＿＿＿.In a word,＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．

Irrational Consumption 1.很多大学生有不理性消费的习惯 2.不理性消费的弊端

3.为了解决这一问题，我认为。。

Irrational consumption has always been a common phenomenon existing among the modern people, which is especially true when it comes to college students.Financially supported by their parents, a majority of the students have no clue about their consumption.Usually, they will purchase what they like at the first sight regardless of the necessity and price.As a matter of fact, the irrational consumption habit does great harms.On the one hand, it will directly lead to blind consumption, which means unnecessary stuff will be purchased and money hardly made by our parents will be wasted.On the other hand, as an ill-formed habit, irrational consumption will exert far-reaching influences on our development, making our life lack of planning.In order to get rid of the irrational consumption habit, I believe we should form into the habit of keeping record on our consumption and making plans on what we really need.4.观点论证型

Diligence Helps to Achieve Success As the famous saying goes, “Genius is 99% perspiration and 1% inspiration.” If one intends to succeed, he must spare no efforts to strive for his goals with diligence.Diligence plays a very important role in one’s success.As far as we know, at the age of 19 months, Helen Keller lost her sight and hearing, which is a big obstacle to learning.However, instead of bending to her physical disability, she was hardworking and diligent in learning everything.As a result, she became a well-known writer and educator in the nineteenth century who has acquired a large stock of knowledge and mastered English, French, German, Latin as well as Greek.Some people saw wonderful dialogues in David Copperfield and realistic description of the social background in Tale of Two Cities.How did Dickens achieve this? It is due to his diligence.In conclusion, diligence is not only a positive approach toward life but also the most reliable way to guide us toward success.Diligence is a key to success.实用句型 开篇

1)Many nations have been faced with the problem of...2)Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3)Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4)Recently the issue has aroused great concern among...5)Nowadays there is a growing concern over...6)Never in our history has the idea that...been so popular.7)Faced with..., quite a few people argue that...8)According to a recent survey,...9)With the rapid development of...,...比较、对比

1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...4.It is reasonable to maintain that...but it would be foolish to claim that...5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6.Like anything else, it has its faults.7.A and B has several points in common.8.A bears some resemblances to B.9.However, the same is not applicable to B.10.A and B differ in several ways.11.Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.12.People used to think..., but things are different now.13.The same is true of B.14.Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.15.It is true that A..., but the chief faults(obvious defects)are...原因

1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.A number of factors might contribute to(lead to)(account for)the phenomenon(problem).2.The answer to this problem involves many factors.3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...4.The factors that contribute to this situation include...5.The change in...largely results from the fact that...6.We may blame...,but the real causes are...7.Part of the explanations for it is that...One of the most common factors(causes)is that...Another contributing factor(cause)is...Perhaps the primary factor is that …

But the fundamental cause is that...后果

1.It may give rise to a host of problems.2.The immediate result it produces is...3.It will exercise a profound influence upon...4.Its consequence can be so great that...批驳

1)It is true that..., but one vital point is being left out.2)There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.3)Some people say..., but it does not hold water.4)Many of us have been under the illusion that...5)A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.6)It makes no sense to argue for...7)Too much stress placed on...may lead to...8)Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that...9)Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that...举例

1)A good case in point is...2)As an illustration, we may take...3)Such examples might be given easily.4)...is often cited as an example.证明

1)No one can deny the fact that...2)The idea is hardly supported by facts.3)Unfortunately, none of the available data shows...4)Recent studies indicate that...5)There is sufficient evidence to show that...6)According to statistics proved by..., it can be seen that...结尾

1)From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that...2)It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop...3)It is necessary that steps should be taken to...4)In conclusion, it is imperative that...5)There is no easy method, but...might be of some help.6)To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must...7)In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.8)With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.9)We might do more than identify the cause;it is important to take actions to...10)Taking all these into account, we...11)Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...

第四篇：小作文之议论文

小作文之议论文

议论文以议论为主要表达方式，重在“说理”。议论要有理有据，有条有理，能辨证分析，才有雄辩的说服力，才能“以理服人”。

一、写作要领

一言以蔽之：议论文必须“讲理”，要学会“讲理”，要善于“讲理”，只要如此，才能让人信服。着眼于考场作文的特殊性，最好在开头部分旗帜鲜明的亮出中心论点，再用论据进行论证。论点要力求正确、新颖、有针对性。

论据是否精当与议论文是否有说服力密切相关，要精心选择可靠、典型、新鲜的论据。在此基础上力求论据的运用合理、巧妙。

一切论据都要为证明中心论点服务，事例论证“摆事实”之后一定要“讲道理”，这样事例才能充分发挥作用。

安排好文章的层次和结构，能够灵活采用并列式论证结构和递进式论证结构。

对论点进行多角度、多侧面、多层次论证，灵活运用各种论证方法，诸如：例证法、引证法、对比论证法、比喻论证法、因果论证法、假设论证法、诠释法、反证法、归谬法等。

二、误区扫描

观点与材料不契合，油水分离。

以例代证，不会“讲理”。

缺乏思辨，简单肤浅。

三、重点突破

1．材料与观点必须契合议论文中观点是灵魂，是统帅，材料必须为证明观点服务，材料与观点要统一。否则，就没有说服力。如：

常言道：勤能补拙，事实正是如此。居里夫人在法国读书时，每天早晨，总是第一个来到教室；每天晚上，几乎都在图书馆度过。图书馆在10点钟就关门了，她便回到自己的小屋子里，在煤油灯下读书常常到半夜两点钟。正是她的勤奋，才为她后来的成功奠定了坚实的基础。我国第一个电子学女博士韦钰在西德进修期间，没有空暇到繁华的街头漫步，没有精力去剧场、影院欣赏艺术，她一心扑在专业上，就连生病也拒绝休息。正是勤奋刻苦，才使她为祖国赢得了荣誉。

所举事例只扣住了观点“勤能补拙”中的“勤”，而与“勤能补拙”的观点并不契合。“拙”指天资不好，居里夫人和韦钰并不“拙”。因此两个事例不能证明“勤能补拙”的观点。

单独就这个片段来看，改论点更为经济，可以将论点改为：成功来自勤奋。

如果保持论点不变，就要另选论据。可以修改为：

常言道：勤能补拙，事实正是如此。爱迪生上小学时被老师和同学称为“智能低下的人”，结果只上了三个月的学就被迫辍学了。但是，爱迪生并没有因此就妄自菲薄，而是以顽强的意志勤奋学习，最后终于成了举世仰慕的大发明家。我国清代著名画家、书法家和诗人郑板桥，因为天资愚拙，记忆力差，便“笨鸟先飞”，以惊人的毅力刻苦攻读。他躺在床上看书，骑在马上看书，上厕所的功夫也抓紧时间看书，一本书要读几遍十几遍，直至融会贯通。多年的立志奋发，终于使他在诗书画几个方面都有了很高的造诣。可见，天资愚拙的人，后天的勤奋可以弥补先天的不足，用勤奋的汗水也可以浇开成功的花朵。

2．“例证”必须有“例”有“证”

例证法是常用的论证方法。例证，必须有例有证，就是要对列举的事例作精当的分析，揭示材料与观点之间的联系，充分发挥材料的作用，以证明观点正确。但中学生写议论文普遍存在有例无证、以例代证的现象。论点和论据之间互相脱离，两者之间缺乏必要的联系的桥梁，论点还是论点，论据还是论据；论据失去了其应有的作用，论点孤立无援，也就失去了立足的依据。这种“不讲道理”的议论文，论点无论怎样正确，也不足以服人；论据无论怎样充足，也不过是一堆零碎的材料。选取了典型的事实材料，还必须善于紧扣观点对材料加以阐释分析，揭示其中所蕴涵的道理，说明其与论点的联系，使论点与论据形成一个有机的整体，才能充分发挥例证的论证功能。

有人以“毅力是成功的保证”为中心论点作文，其中有这样一段：

唐代大诗人白居易幼年读书读得“口舌成疮”；马克思写《资本论》用了四十年的时间，其间贫困疾病交加，用他妻子的话说，他是在坟墓边徘徊。可是马克思没有动摇过信念。这两个事例告诉我们，毅力是治学的支柱，凡是事业上有所建树的人，大都有艰难的历程和坚强的毅力。

作者由具有代表性的论据，引发出一般性的结论，由点到面的分析，使论据发挥了论证的作用。议论文中不可能列举全部的事例，采用点面结合的方法，可以使文章更加简洁，使论证显得更加全面。

3．能够辨证分析

议论文的内核是作者的思想。作者认识事物、分析现象、思考问题的能力与水平，是决定议论文质量的关键因素。

作为高中生，应该具有一定的辨证思维能力，能够进行理性思考。如对“得陇望蜀”这个成语，不能只作简单的肯定或否定：对那些在物质追求上毫无满足、“得陇望蜀”的现象应该批评，而对那些在事业上不断追求、“得陇望蜀”的人则应该歌颂。可见对“得陇望蜀”应该辩证地看待，不能“一刀切”。世界上的事物是复杂的，我们不但要看到事物正面，也要看到它的反面；不但要看到其表面现象，也要看到其内部实质；不但要看到此一事物，而且要看到与之相关的彼一事物。

有人以“毅力是成功的保证”为中心论点作文，其中有这样一段：

辩证唯物主义告诉我们，事物的发展是内因和外因共同起作用的结果。但内因和外因在事物发展中的地位和作用是不同的。内因是事物变化发展的根本原因，外因是事物变化发展的条件，外因通过内因而起作用。由此可见，一个人要取得成功，顺利的环境，好的机遇这些外因固然很重要，但归根到底，决定事情成功的还是内部因素，要看他自己是否有毅力，是否有恒心。

用辩证唯物主义的原理进行辨证分析论证，很有说服力。

有人分析“逆境与成才”的关系：“历史事实证明，厄运能磨炼人的斗志。”（分论点一）“但是，逆境能够出人才，绝不意味着逆境一定出人才。一个人能够成才，关键在于自身主观上是否努力。”（分论点二）

四、时文短评

1.什么是短评

顾名思义，“短”是指它篇幅短小，“评”是指在文体上属于议论文的范畴。它短小精悍，言简意赅。涉及的内容非常广泛。包括社会评论、文学评论、艺术评论。其中社会评论是我们考试的重要组成，其对象包括：政治、经济、文化、教育、生活等。

2.时文短评的特点

第一、观点鲜明。由于要在极其短小的篇幅中阐述自己的观点，所以短评的观点态度一定要鲜明。一般观点放在开头，但也可以在文末或文中提出，但论点一定要明确、有力。

第二、说服力强。虽然只有短短200个字左右，但说理论证还是非常重要的，说服力就成了短评中需要特别注意的问题。这就决定了短评选取的论据一定要准确，能够真实地反映论点，有力地支持论点，具有典型性、客观性。

第三，语言精炼。短评的语言要一字千金，表述准确，不能东拉西扯，苍白无力。

第四，脉络清晰。高考要求短评一般二百字左右，短短一段文字中，要有观点、有论据，有概括、有阐述，只有脉络清晰，才能说清楚、讲明白。

3.时文短评的答题要领

①旗帜鲜明，表明观点态度。

②说理分析，客观辨证，有的放矢。

③提出解决方法，通情达理。

4.短评的主要写法有

①从正面肯定。

简明扼要亮出观点。再用简单论据进行论证。

②从反面否定。

简明扼要亮出观点。可以直接反驳错误的见解，也可以间接反驳错误的见解。

③可以采用多分法进行分析，既肯定正面，又否定反面。要注意不要自相矛盾。

5.时文短评题的几种类型

【单一材料型】

近日看到一则消息，标题是“1500硕士竞聘卖猪肉工作，据称包括海归人士”，言称如今严峻的经济形势下，别说大学生就连硕士博士就业也费劲，就有那么一家天才公司此时出了招聘广告，高薪之下竟引来无数硕士征聘，一下子火了。先前就有过“北大才子卖猪肉”的新闻，也听说过放弃20万年薪回家乡种红薯的硕士农民彭焕新，都挺成功的，虽然在世俗眼光里此举动不可思议，但人家自己乐意，而且赚钱了，别人怎么说怎么看是别人的事。但今天这新闻够轰动，人数众多、层层筛选、条件苛刻。对于这一消息，上至教授，下至百姓，众说纷纭。请你就此现象写一则短评。

例文1.硕士竞聘卖猪肉也没有什么大不了。（观点态度）如果市场有需求，就有实现的可能。一方需要高素质人才，另一方需要钱满足生活需要，好像也算得上市场经济的一种反映。退一步讲，似乎应该为这一现象感到高兴才对。或许高学历们开始没干过，但熟能生巧，为了生存，人往往能激发出自身巨大的潜能，假以时日，高学历们就能练就熟练的、普通杀猪卖肉者的本领，甚至完全有可能超过他们。（说理分析）改革年代，卖猪肉也需要人才，只有转变思想才能让企业获得更大的发展。（解决方法）

例文2.我为千余硕士竞聘“猪肉荣”的现象大声叫好。（观点态度）因为这是就业者端正心态、消除职业歧视的体现，是社会的一大进步。世上三百六十行，本无高低贵贱之分，只根据贡献大小和市场规律来决定薪酬。更何况该公司还要发展壮大“卖猪肉”产业，需要的是人才。（说理分析）因此我认为正确的就业心态是认清事实，积极适应社会需求，而不是继续昂着高傲的脑袋。（解决方法）

例文3.硕士竞聘卖猪肉，这是对国家人力资源的浪费。（观点态度）“北大才子卖猪肉”、“硕士种红薯”。十年寒窗，却终于学非所用。虽说学历不代表实力，但研究生卖猪肉可以体现什么学术价值，知识力量。卖猪肉这活也可能需要统计学、经济学甚至会计学。但不至于需要硕士研究生吧。倘若如此，当一个妈妈指着“卖猪肉的”告诉孩子，他是硕士时，孩子又会做何感想？（说理分析）我觉的正确的就业心态是认清自己，学以致用。（解决方法）

【多材料比较型】

近年来，明星移民，国外产子的现象颇为常见，土生土长的中国著名演员巩俐远嫁新加坡并于上月宣誓加入新加坡国籍。章子怡早前开心地宣布已与美国富豪男友ViviNevo订婚，以及明年结婚；坦言有计划结婚及生育，她强调“即使下一代是美国人，但她永远都是中国人”。同样2006年前乒乓球国手邓亚萍，在巴黎一家医院剖腹产下一男婴。有人，质问邓亚萍：为什么把孩子生在法国？中国之大，就没适合她生孩子的地方吗？分明是想混法国国籍。消息传出后，引起公众的关注，国内网友们更是掀起激烈的争论。有人认为这是不爱国的表现。有人认为这与爱国无关，那你是怎么看待这个问题的？

例文1.不管是国外生子还是移民他乡，这与爱国无关。（观点态度）巩俐、章子怡加入他国国籍完全是为了爱情。邓亚萍法国生子又与爱国有何关联，爱不爱国不是拥有哪国的国籍，那是发自心里深处的情感，张明敏的“我的中国心”就是最好的证明。再说加入外籍是她们个人的权利和自由。巩俐等不是第一个，也不会是最后一个。（说理分析）我们还是以正常的心态去看待此类现象。（解决方法）

例文2.这是不爱国的表现。（观点态度）巩俐此举虽属个人权利，却伤害了很多中国人的民族感情，对于明星加入外国国籍的意图，可能每人的出发点都不一样，但在国内名利双收的时候却放弃滋养自己的祖国，有一点忘记爹娘的感觉。（说理分析）当我们面对这样的情形时，应当记住做中国的公民是最基本的爱国表现。（解决方法）

【正反比较型】

阅读下列新闻，写一篇200字左右的短评。简要分析评说，发表自己观点与见解。

2008年8月18日中午，在北京奥运会男子110米栏预赛中发生了令人意外的一幕：被视为国人的骄傲的中国选手刘翔因伤退出比赛。对中国人来说，北京奥运会最值得期待的恐怕就是刘翔的110米跨栏了。但万万没想到的是，第一场比赛刘翔就黯然退场了，给数万名正在狂热呼喊“刘翔加油”的观众留下一个苍凉的背影。刘翔的退赛，引发了热议„„

1994年第17届冬奥会上叶乔波为中国代表队夺得冬奥会上的首枚铜牌。在赛后的手术中，医生惊讶地发现她左膝盖的两侧韧带和髌骨早已断裂，腔内有8块游离的碎骨，骨骼的相交处呈锯齿状。“叶乔波精神”一度是被广泛宣传的，叶乔波成了英雄，成了诠释“中国精神”的形象代表。但此后的很长一段时

间她都是在轮椅上度过的，甚至不少人还担心她“永远都站不起来了”。

例文：从叶乔波带伤上阵到刘翔果断退出，这是历史的进步。（观点态度）叶乔波的“坚持”让人钦佩，更让人心酸。虽然最终拿了奖牌，但运动生涯因伤而结束了。刘翔的退出让人惋惜，但也让人欣慰，时代的进步已经使人们能够更理性地看待刘翔的放弃，也能够更理性地对待金牌。（说理分析）我们不想看到下一个叶乔波，应当从更新的角度去认识与理解体育的精神，去支持中国的“刘翔”们。（解决方法）

五、片段写作

1.（1997年语文上海卷)推荐一部电影(电视剧或戏剧作品)

要求：①注意突出作品的特色。②250字左右。

参考答案：

《红河谷》值得一看

《红河谷》是近期上映的优秀国产影片，其恢宏壮丽的战争场景和秀美迷人的藏地特有的雪山风光，堪称同类影视中的佼佼者。影片通过波澜壮阔的历史画卷，表现出一幕幕藏汉人民抗击英国侵略军的足可惊天地、泣鬼神的空前义举；影片成功地塑造了头人、丹珠公主、格桑、雪儿达娃、英军上校罗克曼、随军记者琼斯等一批光辉的艺术形象；既有“牦牛阵”的震天撼地，也有老祖母手中挥动的玛尼轮的无声画面；不乏男女青年的情爱纠葛，更有凄绝壮绝的主题深化，那位英国青年的幕外音：“这是一个永远无法征服的民族”，真令人热血沸腾、豪情激荡。我认为，无论老少男女，都值得去领略一下本片的艺术享受，千万别错过了难得的眼福。

2.（1992年全国高考作文题）阅读下面材料，完成题目。

春雨潇潇，路灯朦胧。我独自站在候车亭下避雨。

“哐啷”一声，一个穿运动鞋的小青年，把丢在旁边一个大玻璃罐当作足球盘带着。这一脚趟大了劲，玻璃罐滚到候车亭前，裂成了好几瓣，流出一摊黑糊糊的东西。

“玩也不看地方，玩出这损人的事。”我心理暗暗责备他。他大概也没想到这样的后果，吃惊地看着自己的“杰作”，低着头走了。

雨大了。一辆自行车急驶而来，后轮轧上碎玻璃，“扑哧”，全瘪了。从车上跳下一位穿红雨衣的姑娘，嘴里嘟嚷着“大家都沾点光吧”，顺脚朝玻璃罐底一踢，玻璃更碎更散了。“红雨衣”抬头发现我在摇头，可能也意识到自己做得不妥，赶紧用鞋把大块玻璃片归拢到一旁，然后才推着自行车匆匆离开。雨小了，一对撑伞的男女挨着呢喃着走过来，高跟鞋偏偏踩到拢在一旁的碎玻璃上，脚一滑，漂亮的鞋子沾上了黑糊糊的东西：“唉，真缺德，中国人的公德心呀„„”

“当心牢骚太多长白头发。”那男的一边为她擦鞋子一边笑着说。

伞下的一对低声说话渐渐远去，我不知道他们是不是还在谈论着刚才的话题。

但是，“高跟鞋”的那句话却仿佛刺了我一下。君子动口不如动手。雨停了。我回家拿了扫帚和铲子，又回到原地一看：碎玻璃已被打扫得干干净净，不留意连那摊黑糊糊的痕迹也看不出来了。我开始是发愣，然后才恍然大悟：“运动鞋”、“红雨衣”和伞下的一对，他们都有可能回来过。那么，到底是他们之中的谁清理了这个地方呢？

题目：选择所提供材料的一个或几个人物（包括“我”）的思想行为，进行分析，展开议论，写一篇议论文。

注意：1.题目自拟。2.不少于350字。

参考答案：

话说“牢骚”

“玩也不看个地方„„”“唉，真缺德，中国人的公德心啊。”“红雨衣”与“伞下姑娘”可说代表了当前一些人。这些人“不平则鸣”，就是所说的“爱发牢骚”。

爱发牢骚好不好？我敢大胆地回答：“好！”屈原的《离骚》据传可能就是“牢骚”的误传。姑且不探究这个考据的真实与否，单说“常太息而掩涕兮，哀民生之多艰”这样忧国忧民的牢骚好不好？电影《高山下的花环》里的牢骚大王靳开来，那骂到前线要儿子的神通广大的贵妇的牢骚，您听着是否震动心灵，义愤不已？如果这种牢骚是一种忧国忧民的渲泄，哪一位敢说它不好？！

但是只会发“牢骚”好不好？这回我却要回答——“不好”事物就是辩证的，过分地提及阴暗面，就

会丧失关键的自信；只发牢骚，不动手改造，失去了自身的参与，“牢骚”永远不能改变，那么这种“牢骚”就不再是推动社会进步的汽笛，而是社会发展中的噪音！

我欣赏伞下小伙子的做法，发牢骚不如干实事，自己动手，改造“牢骚”中的坏事物，那么牢骚之声就会日渐减少，那么一切就都会美好得多。生活小事如此，国家大事不也同理吗？

动手比动口更重要

一位姑娘被玻璃片扎了鞋，满怀感概地说一声：“唉，中国人的公德心呀„„”然而她自己却也是全然不理那扎人的玻璃碴儿，扬袖而去，这真是应了一句古语：“君子动口不动手”。我不由想到：动手比动口更为重要。

诚然，动口总还是必要的，然而光动口不去动手干，是很难解决什么实际问题的。有人在评价闻一多先生时说：“他，是口的巨人；他，是行动的高标。”这正是将动口与动手紧密地结合起来了。如果闻一多先生只是“口的巨人”，那他也不可能成为民盟的领袖人物，就是能成为领袖也不会有突出的业绩。动口总是无济大事，真正成事还靠动手。玻璃扎了鞋,不动手扫开它，它仍会扎鞋；树上的果子你不去摘它，它不会自动跑进筐子里，这是很明白的道理。爱因斯坦成功的“公式”中就有“少说空话”这一条。

多动手去干，这对于我们现在来说尤为重要。改革光凭口是“改不出来”的；全国人民的“小康”，也不是光凭口说出来的。要改革，要发展社会主义经济，要巩固社会主义制度，必须在“动口”的同时，尤其注意“动手”，真抓实干，坚持到底。

评析:

议论文《动手比动口更重要》，题目即揭示了中心论点。论述中，以闻一多、爱因斯坦的事例为论据，很有说服力。此外，从摘果子的小事到发展社会主义经济的大事，列举了诸多动手比动口重要的例子，语言简约而叙述完整。

写议论文最怕说绝对的话，本文“诚然，动口总还是必要的”一句，就避免了片面性，这是思维严密的表现。

文章篇幅虽短，却写得集中，紧紧围绕着“口”与“手”两字展开，论述语言和行动的关系。言与行二者虽都是不可缺少的，然而“手”比“口”“更”重要，一个“更”字突出了行动的地位。

己所不欲，勿施于人

文中的“红雨衣”，自己的车子被碎玻璃扎了带，便抱着“大家都沾点光”的心理，把玻璃踢得更散更碎。无独有偶，有人得了肝炎，偏上饭馆吃饭，说什么“有病大家得”。这两个事例看起来毫不相干，但却反映出他们共同的一种心态，即“己所不欲，强加于人”。

持有这种心态的人，在潜意识里认为，如果有人和自己遭受了同样的不幸，那么自己的痛苦就可以减轻。这是一种多么自私的想法！但是，这样做了，自己的痛苦就真的减轻了吗？我想也不过只是起到一种阿Q式的心理安慰作用罢了。

从表面上看起来，这样做的人是自私的，但是，他比自私者更有甚。他是把自己所经历过的或是正在经历着的痛苦强加在别人身上。而这种痛苦正是他自己所不愿接受的。他所获得的欢乐，正是建立在别人痛苦之上的。

有把“己所欲人，强加于人”的心态的人们，望你们能良知发现，懂得“己所不欲，勿施于人”。这样，就可以少发生许多不该发生的事情，那我们的社会就会更加美好一些，你说是吗？

评析:

同许多别的文比，本文在议论的角度上有独到之处。文章抓住材料中“红雨衣”自己的车子被扎坏后的“大家都沾点光”的心理加以批判。作者又举出现实生活中，肝炎病人下饭馆的同一类事例指出这是一种“己所不欲，强加于人”的自私心理。这种做法，非但不减轻自己的痛苦，反而是把自己的欢乐，建立在别人的痛苦之上。这是多么深刻的分析！从方法上看，这是层进式论点。文章在对错误心理进行批评的同时，从正面提出应该发扬“己所不欲，勿施于人”的中华传统美德，有破有立，很有说服力。从论证上说，这是对比论证。

第1段提出议论的论点，2、3段加以分析，第4段从正面提出希望，全文结构完整。此外，文章的语言于平易中见深刻，于严肃中见亲切。

第五篇：大学英语四级议论文题型及.

问题解决型议论文 *写作模式： 1.提出问题现象 2.分析问题产生的原因 3.提出解决方法或期望 *常用句型 问题陈述部分

1.Nowadays, … has become a serious problem we have to face.2.With the development of modern industry, more and more people are concerned about the problem of…

3.Recently, the problem of … has aroused/captured/drawn/caught worldwide attention.4.Nowadays more and more people come to realize the importance of …

5.It is undeniable/There is no denying the fact that… has become the utmost concern among people nowadays.原因分析部分

1.The reasons can be listed as follows.For one thing… For another… 2.It is no easy job to find out the reasons for the problem, which involves several different factors.On the one hand… On the other hand… Finally…

3.There are a variety of reasons for this phenomenon.One important reason is… What’s more… To make things worse,…

问题解决部分

1.People have figured out many ways to solve this problem.Firstly… Secondly… Finally…

It is high time that we figured out ways to deal with the problem.Here are a few examples of some of the measures that might be taken immediately.There is no easy approach to this issue, but …might be of some help.No effective solution is at hand to tackle the problem, but the general awareness of importance of … must be enhanced at first.表达期望部分

We do not have a perfect solution at present, but as long as we do it with our brains and hands, we will resolve the problem eventually.As this problem is very complicated, people can hardly rely on one way to solve it completely.I am confident/positive/sure that a perfect solution will be found in future.I am looking forward to a day when people can live together in more harmony 范文

How to Eliminate Cheating on Campus 1.当前校园中存在许多作弊现象 2.解决这一问题的办法是……

Nowadays.instead of listening attentively in class and working hard after class, a number of students adopt all kinds of dishonest methods to get high scores in examinations.It has become such a serious problem that it has aroused the concern from the whole society.To put an end to such a serious problem, in my opinion, it calls for the efforts from all sides.First of all, the university authority should make it clear that any cheating behaviors in the examinations, such as whispering and copying, receiving answers via mobile phones to asking others for help, will be severely punished with no exception.Moreover, teachers of all subjects should go all the way to restore honesty by setting an example for the youth through speaking sincerely and behaving truthfully.Last but not least, young students, the future of our nation, should view integrity诚实 as the prerequisite先决条件 to an upright诚实的and responsible citizen so as to learn to fight dishonest behaviors throughout the society.Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating消除 cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.对立观点型：结构图 引出话题 /

一种观点认为…… 另一种观点认为…… ↓

我的观点（结论）

(一点明文章主题的常用句式

When it come to ``````, opinions vary from person to person.当谈到```````时,不同的人对此有不同的看法.Different people have different views/perspectives/opinions on``````` 不同的人对``````有不同的看法.5.There is an argument/much disagreement/no consensus(n.同感 of opinions among people concerning/over/as to /on`````` 关于``````,人们的看法不尽相同.6.The issue of whether…..or not has been widely/hotly argued/debated.关于是否要``````的话题,如今正在被广论/热烈地讨论.(二具体介绍两种对立式观点的常用句式

Some people suggest/maintain/hold the opinion that ``````But/However/While/Nevertheless/Yet/other people hold a different point of view`````` 有些人认为``````,但是另外一些人却持有不同的观点.Some people are inclined to think that…On the contrary/In contrast, there are still many people who won’t agree, and they claim…

一些人往往认为``````,但是仍然有些人对此表示异议,他们认为`````` When it comes to …some people think/believe that… while others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true.当谈及``````的时候,有些人认为``````,但是其他人却站在相反意见的一边.Those who criticize/oppose to/object to…argue that…But people who advocate/favor…,on the other hand, maintain/assert that…l 那些批评/反对``````的人认为``````,但是赞成``````的人认为``````(三陈述个人观点

1.As far as I am concerned/For my part, I would like to agree to the former.就我而言,我赞同前一种观点.2.As to me , I agree to the latter opinion to certain extent.就我而言,我比较同意后一种观点.3.I’m in favor of……/I’m on the side of …… 我赞成`````` 4.In my opinion, both sides are partly right when we……we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems and then make the right decision.我认为双方都有一定的道理.当我们``````我们应该全面考虑问题,然后做出正确的决定

参考文章:

1.有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。

2.也有些人认为数字与运气无关。

3.试说明你的看法。

①When asked about lucky numbers, different people will offer different opinions.Some people think that ② lucky numbers can bring good luck.They hold this view because ③they believe lucky numbers will help them fulfill their wishes-to be rich or successful.④However, there are still many people who won't agree.They argue that ⑤ such kind of idea is only ignorant无知的 and superstitious迷信的 belief.Besides, ⑥they think numbers are just numbers and each number is equal in its importance.⑦Personally, I am on the side of the latter后者 argument.For one thing, ⑧ numbers, including lucky numbers, are just a tool for counting, They don't have magic power.For another, ⑨whether we will have good luck or not depends on ourselves instead of lucky numbers, If we work hard and make good preparations, good luck will come to us.⑩Therefore, lucky numbers don't bring good luck.It is our hard work and good preparations that bring us good luck.说明利弊型 描述某一现象 分析其优点 分析其缺点 我的态度和看法 说明事物优点的常用句型

…’

…’说明缺点的常用句型



…说明事物利大于弊的常用句型



…范文

The Two-day Weekend

1.双休日给大学生带来的好处。

2.双休日可能给大学生带来的问题。

3.我应当怎样过好双休日。

The two-day weekend

The advance of science and technology makes people have more free time.Nowadays, we have two-day weekend.The weekend can bring benefits to college students because they can have much more leisure time.Sports fans can play in the playground.Some students who are interested in social work can join many clubs.Of course, we also can get a part time job to gain some work experience.On the contrary, the two-day weekend also arouses problems.There is a growing concern over the students who don't put too much attention to their study.For example, some students always idle away their time, playing cards, drinking, gambling.These problems are really serious.Taking into account all these factors, we can safely come to the conclusion that the students will waste more time if they don't make good use of it.As a student, busy as I am with my study, I also do many interesting things such as reading novels, writing articles at the two-day weekends.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.It is really true.阐述主题型

阐明观点或提出问题 摆出事实和理由加以论述 得出结论

引出格言，谚语的常用句型

 



举例说明的常用句型

/For example

事实证明的常用句式



indicate/reveal/show/prove that



结论性结尾常用句型

have been discussed above ,we may reach /draw the conclusion that

sum up /On the whole, it is important that

favor of the former/ the latter.范文

一、Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way 1.怎样理解“有志者事竟成” 2.例如。。3.结论

Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way There is an old saying that “Where there is a will, there is a way”, which means as long as a person possess a strong will he will certainly accomplish a task no matter how difficult it is.In other words, one of the most important things to achieve success is a firm resolution.This is the case in all walks of life(各行各业.For example, Karl Marx spent five years on his greatest work Das Kapital.（资本论）Cao Xueqin spent ten years on his world famous book Dreams of Red Chamber.Without a strong will and firm determination they couldn’t have fulfilled such brilliant works.However, some people don’t have the fearless spirit.Whenever they meet difficulty they draw back from it.As a result, they never accomplish anything.Therefore, if we wish to succeed, we must first have a resolution and remember the saying “ Where there is a will, there is a way.”  词的替代

People/person→individual, characters, folks good →perfect, excellent, outstanding

many →an army of, an ocean of, a sea of ,a multitude（大批的）of some →quiet a few ,several

think /in my opinion→take the attitude that, harbor(怀有the idea that, hold the view that, it’s widely shared that, for my part, from my own perspective(观点 thing →affair, business, matter aspect →facet, sphere

fear→ Be fearful of(adj.→n.For example → to name only a few, take…as an exampleremember → bear in mind that