大学语文之议论文

第一篇：大学语文之议论文

《国语》简介： 《国语》，又名《春秋外传》或《左氏外传》，约成书于战国时期。历来相传为春秋末年鲁国的左丘明所撰，但有的现代学者从内容判断，认为是战国时期的学者依据春秋时期各国史官记录的原始材料整理编辑而成的。《国语》是我国最早的一部国别体史书，全书共二十一卷(篇)，分八国(周、鲁、齐、晋、郑、吴、越)记事，记事时间起自西周中期，下迄春秋战国之交，前后约500年。相较《左传》，《国语》所记前后事件大都不相连属，且偏重记言，往往通过言论反映事实，以人物之间的对话刻画人物形象，具有一定的文学价值。原文

厉王虐，国人谤王，召公告王日：“民不堪命矣”。2王怒，得卫巫，使监谤者3。以告4，则杀之。国人莫敢音，道路以目5。王喜，告召公曰：“吾能弭谤矣，乃不敢言！”

召公日：“是障之也6。防民之口，甚于防川。川壅而溃7，伤人89必多；民亦如之。是故为川者决之使导，为民者宣之使言。故天子10111213听政，使公卿至于列士献诗，瞽献曲,史献书,师箴，瞍赋14，矇诵15，百工谏16，庶人传语17，近臣尽规18，亲戚补察19，瞽史教诲20，耆2223艾修之21：而后王斟酌焉。是以事行而不悖。民之有口，犹土之有2425山川也，财用于是乎出。犹其原隰衍沃也，衣食于是乎生。口之宣言也，善败于是乎兴26。行善而备败27，其所以阜财用衣食者也28。夫29民虑之于心而宣之于口，成而行之，故可壅也？若壅其口，其与能30几何？”

王弗听。于是国人莫敢出言。三年乃流王于彘31。【课文注释】 1．本文选白《国语·周语上》。召公：一作“邵公“即召穆公，名虎，时为周厉王的卿士。饵谤消饵民间对帝王的各种议论指责，即以政治高压手段压制思想言论自由。2．民不堪命：意为老百姓无法忍受(厉王)的暴政。命：指厉王景虐的各种政令3．使监谤者：让卫巫去监视发表意见的百姓。4．以告：即“以之告“，省略介词宾语“之”字。(卫巫)指议论者告知厉王。

5．道路以目：百姓在路上相遇，不敢讲话，只能彼此默默以目示意。6．障：阻拦。意为哲时阻挡，并未彻底制止。7．川壅而溃：筑堤坝防河水，水易于堑基，会导致溃堤。

8．为川者：(善于)治水的人。决之使导：排除整障之物，使河水畅流。9．为民者：(善于)治理国家、统治民众的人。宣之使言：引导老百姓讲话。

10．献诗：从民间采集对帝王讽谏的诗篇(歌谣)送给帝王看。11．盲人乐师。曲：乐曲，指反映民间呼声的作品。12．史：史官。书：史书典籍，指可供借鉴历史经验的书籍。

13．师：少师，位低于太师的乐官。箴（zhēn）：寓有警戒作用的文辞，类似现在的警句、格言、座右铭。14．瞍(sǒu)：盲人。赋：不歌而诵。15．蒙(méng)：盲人。召公谏厉王弭谤1《国语》

诵：不讲究声调节真的诵读。

16．百工：宫廷里的乐工，—说指宝造宫室的官员和工匠。17．传语：间接地反映意见。

18．尽规：(经常)向帝王进言规劝。尽：同“进”。19．亲戚：帝王宗室成员。补察：弥补帝王过失，监瞥帝王行为是非。20．教诲：(用礼仪礼法对帝王)数育、引导。21．耆艾：分别指60岁、50岁的长者，这里指帝王的师傅。修：散伤、告、提醒。

22．斟酌：指谨慎地决策行政。23．悖：逆，违背。24．出：出产，产生。25．原隰(xí)、衍沃：分别指不同的土地的类型：觅阔平坦、低洼潮湿、地势低而平、有河流可次灌溉。26．善败于足乎兴：(国家政事)的好坏由此而体现出来。27．行善：凡民众认为好的，就推行。备败：凡民众认为坏的，就防范。28．阜：增加，增多。29．成而行之：考虑成熟之后自然(必然)流露(表达)出来。

30．与能几何：能有多少人来辅助你(帝王)呢？与：在此作 “助”，解。31．流：流放、放逐。彘(zhì)：晋地，在今山西县境内。

[本课要点] 1．《国语》是最早的国别体史书。共21卷，分八国记事。记此条可联系《战国策》、《左传》和《史记》。

2．重要成语：道路以目；防民之口，甚于防川。3．主要论证方法：类比论证。4．联系现实：对待群众意见，是以棒止谤，还是虚心纳谏？可以参看臧克家的《纳谏与止谤》。［课后练习］ 一.解释下列加点的词语

1.厉王虐，国人谤王。．2.民不堪命矣！．3.吾能弥谤矣。．4.若壅其口，其与能几何？ ．二.阅读下面语段，回答问题 王喜，告召公曰：“吾能弭谤矣，乃不敢言”。

召公曰：“是障之也，防民之口，甚于防川。川壅而溃，伤人必多；民亦如之。是故为川者决之使导，为民者宣之使言。故天子听政，使公卿至于列士献诗，瞽献曲，史献书，师筑，瞍赋，蒙诵，百工谏，庶人传话，近臣尽规，亲戚补察，瞽、史教诲，耆艾修之，而后王斟酌焉。是以事行而不恃。民之有口也，犹土之有山川也，财用於是乎出；犹其原隰衍沃也，衣食於是乎生。口之宣言也，善败于是乎兴，行善而备败，其所以阜财用，衣食者也。夫民虑之于心而宣之於口，成而行之胡可壅也？若壅其口，其与能几何？ 1.“川壅而溃，伤人必多；民亦如之。“用的论证方法是什么，说明怎样的道理？

2．召公认为为君者应该怎样治国？

三、简答题

1.概述全文的主要内容。

2.周厉王拒谏的深层次原困是什么？又给今人留下了怎样的历史教训？

第二篇：大学语文之学习心得

大学语文学习心得

语文，在词典里就解释为简单的“语言和文学”，其实语文，是一门博大精深的学科，是人们相互交流思想的汉文及汉语工具，同时也是我们用来积累和开拓精神财富的一门学问，是日常生活中应用极为广泛的学科，是学习其他学科的基础，是掌握一切知识的重要途径。所以，学习好语文这门学科，对我们是很重要的。

语文这个学科，是我们从小就一直开始接触的。最简单的语文，我是从父母那里获得的，之后上了小学，初中，高中，甚至一直上到大学，语文依然和我们息息相关。大学之前，学习语文是一件要分成很多细节的事情，比如字音、字形、背诵、默写、文言文、现代文、作文

等等，是要求面面俱到的。或许加上高考的因素，在很多情况下，学习语文就是以分数为目的，而并非以学习语文本身为目的。而上了大学才发现，在大学里学习语文是一件很自由的事情，它不在强调咬文嚼字，不再强调面面俱到，不再强迫我们去学习自己不感兴趣的部分。在这种轻松的环境之下，我自己认为更能发挥自己的长处，去学习和吸收并掌握知识。现在我就这个学期学习大学语文谈谈自己的心得。

大学语文学习心得之兴趣

俗话说：兴趣是学习最大的老师。兴趣是学习的奠基石。对语文学习感兴趣，就为你的语文学习奠定了最坚实的基础。两千年前的“文圣”孔子就曾说过“知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者”。这句话正说明了“好”、“乐”对于一个人对某种事物的追求，可以说是精神支柱。爱因斯坦说过：“在学校里和生活中，工作的最重要的动机是工作中的乐趣，是工作获得结果时的乐趣，以及对这种结果社会价值的认识。”如果一个人连学习语文的兴趣都没有了，就算天天坐在教室里也不可能学的好语文。我个人对语文的兴趣较大，这促使我能够在大学语文这个科目中有所收获。学习大学语文的兴趣，我认为有两个因素，一个来自于本身，一个来自于老师。本身兴趣的培养我认为在于平时多看一些文学作品，在文学作品中陶冶自身的情操，同时也可以积累一些文学常识，也燃起了学习语文的激情了。同时，老师也是重要原因之一。叶圣陶说过：“从小学老师到大学教授，他们的任务就是帮助学生养成良好的习惯，帮助学生养成政治方面文化科学方面的良好习惯”。从而可知，老师在学习中发挥的作用也是很大的。在小学和中学的时候，语文老师给我的影响很大程度上影响我学习语文学习。而在相对自由开放的大学语文的学习中，老师的影响在一定程度上起决定性作用了。综上所诉，兴趣是开启学习好大学语文的金钥匙。

大学语文学习心得之人生价值

首先，我想从教育的本质和大学教育的宗旨来了解大学语文存在的价值和意义。我一直认为教育的本质是完善一个人，即“取长补短”，而非“扬长避短”，去充分发掘人的潜力，认识自我的价值，即“天生我才必有用”，“大学之道，在明明德，在亲民，在止于至善”。所以，大学语文的学习是通识教育，并非专业教育，是为了发展学生的个性，而不像高中时的培养学生的共性。这正是大学语文存在的大背景，大前提和大环境。通过我的学习感受，在课文中所体现的人生价值均为及其难得的思想资源。以民为本，孔孟思想的核心“仁爱”，仁者爱人：心怀天下，“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”，居安必须思危，高枕不能无忧；

和而不同，“君子和而不同，小人同而不和”“君子周而不比，小人比而不周”，异中求同，同中求进；人情世态，“世事洞明皆学问，人情练达即文章”，复杂多变，丰富多彩；论学品艺，以苦为乐，知难而进，执着人生的又一种境界„„这些都是大学语文教以我们的做人的道理和我们所要具备的人生价值。此外，所涉及的相关的经典名著如《周易》，《离骚》，《中庸》，《大学》，《老子》，这极大的培养了我们当代大学生对于祖国文化的热爱，也增强了我们的爱国情操和文化责任感，而且，人文语文让我从哲学的角度去审视我的世界观，人生观，价值观的。我以为，世界观是大我的存在，人生观是小我的存在，而价值观就是人的大我与小我之间的抉择。而人文语文所提倡的“以人为本”和“人文主义”，就帮助我认识了“我自己，即倾听自我心灵深处的呼声和需求，学会去爱人，去关心人，达到对个人和社会的终极关怀。综上所述，大学语文的学习为我的人生观，价值观的定位提供了更高的平台。

大学语文学习心得之四层分析法

大学语文的教学在相对自由的前提之下，应该具有一种以不变应万变的学习方法。语文老师教以我们一种叫做四层分析的学习方法让我们在广阔的语文课文之中能应变自如。所谓四层分析法，从其表面意义可知，即将分析分成四个步骤：第一，声音层，从音韵、节奏、语言这三个方面来分析文学作品的表层含义；第二，语义层，从词义、语义、主要内容对文章进一步的了解和分析；第三，隐喻层，通过对文章的反复阅读以及分析，将文章中反映时代、社会的普遍现象雕琢出来；第四，象征层，在得以作者所要表达的真实情感之后，将文章的主题在此升华总结，反映人类或世界所带来的哲理。四层分析法的运用可以使我对文学作品的理解由表及里，由此及彼，从表面的简单基本的语句表达，到文章真正蕴含的寓意大致的把握。现在我就自己所学过的课文中找出，我认为最能反映各个层次分析的代表的文章出来，对四层分析法进行我的心得收获。声音层，戴望舒的《雨巷》堪称代表。《雨巷》在语音层面的一个显著特色就是它所具有的强烈的音乐美。这种音乐美，主要是由词句的重叠和韵脚的有规律反复等手法的运用所造成的。如：该诗的最后一节除了将第一节中的“逢着”改为“飘过”外，其它词句完全一样；这种重复的写法不仅使全诗在内容上首尾呼应，而且使基本相同的一段语音流在诗中重复出现，从而增强了全诗的音乐感。此外，该诗的每一节都有词句的重叠；如：首尾两节的“悠长、悠长”；第二节中的“丁香一样的颜色，丁香一样的芬芳，丁香一样的忧愁”以及“在雨中哀怨，哀怨又彷徨”；第三节中的“像我一样，像我一样地”；第四节中的“像梦一般地，像梦一般地凄婉迷茫”；第五节中的“远了，远了”；第六节中的“消了她的颜色，散了她的芬芳”及“太息般的眼光，丁香般的惆怅”；这种词句的重叠在诗中的反复运用以及某些复沓形式在诗中的前后呼应，使这首诗具有相当强烈的音乐性。语意层，我认为在古诗的应用上会比较有意义。在我的理解而言，语意层就是对文章的词义进行解释，翻译为白话文，是人清楚明白作者所要表达的意思。以《蒹葭》为例，该诗的大概含义为：芦苇密密又苍苍,晶莹露水结成霜.我心中的佳人,伫立在那河水旁.逆流而上去找她,道路险阻又太长.顺流而下寻她,仿佛就在水中央.芦苇茂盛密又繁,晶莹露水还未干.我心中的佳人,伫立在那河水边.逆流而上去找她,道路崎岖难登攀.顺流而下去寻她,仿佛就在水中滩.芦苇片片根连根,晶莹露珠如泪痕.我心中的佳人,伫立在那河水边.逆流而上去找她,路途艰险如弯绳.顺流而下去寻她,仿佛就在水中洲.古诗的语义得以分析之后，对文章的分析和进一步理解具有决定性的作用。隐喻层，常用在一些抨击时政的诗中，诗人不是想用喻体去说明喻旨，而是思考当两者被放在一起，并相互对照时所产生什么意义，产生另外一种什么意义。因此，隐喻不再是一种说明或解释，而是对社会现象的另一种衍生。杜甫的诗有“史诗”之称，以其《兵车行》为例它揭露了唐玄宗长期以来的穷兵黩武，连年征战，给人民造成了巨大的灾难，具有深刻的思想内容。不仅表达了戍卒们沉痛哀怨的心情，也表现出那种倾吐苦衷的急切情态。这样通过当事人的口述，又从抓兵、逼租两个方面，揭露了统治者的穷兵黩武加给人民的双重灾难。本诗通过爷娘妻儿送别从征士兵的凄惨场面的描绘及对征人生活的描述，揭露了唐玄宗天宝年间推行开边拓土的穷兵黩武政策所带来的灾难，表达了作者内心的悲愤和对人民疾苦的关怀。象征层，是用具体的事物来表现某种特殊意义。以李煜的《乌夜啼 林花谢了春红》为例，此词将人生失意的无限怅恨寄寓在对暮春残景的描绘中。李煜是南唐最后一位君主，在被宋俘虏之前，其次多描写宫廷享乐生活；入宋之后，其词转为抒发亡国之痛和故国之思，该词是李煜被俘之后的一首抒发亡国哀情的诗歌，借风雨催花之景抒发亡国之痛，其深刻隐喻义，还告诫人们，活在当下，珍惜眼前所拥有的事物。以上就是我对四层分析法的各个层次的具体分析，也是我的大学语文学习的重要的心得之一。综上所述，四层分析法确实为文学作品的鉴赏提供行之有效的方法，达到以不变应万变的效果。

大学语文学习心得之哲理

在我看来，语文和哲学觉有密切的联系。哲学原理需要通过语文表现出来，而在许多文学作品中无不渗透着深刻的哲理。哲学，其实就是更高一层次的人的思想升华。大学语文的所有篇章都闪现着哲学的光芒。从众多的文人作家中体会了他们的思想，升华出的思想结晶让今天的我们能偶进一步去审视自我为人处世的态度，能对自我世界观人生观价值观的反思和总结，能在实践中指导我们，启迪我们。下面，我将把大学语文课本中的部分篇章语哲学道理联系起来，对其进行我个人的见解。（1）以民为本篇 两千多年前孔孟的“而爱”思想以至今天的和谐发展观的“以人为本”，无论其意图和根本目的是否一同，不可否认的是，它们相同之处都在于保证人民安居乐业，国家稳定。这体现了哲学中的人民群众是历史的创造者的哲学观点。哲学原理告诉我们人名群众是历史的创造者，人民群众是社会物质财富的创造者，人民群众是社会精神财富的创造者。人民群众是社会变革的决定力量。要求我们在实践中相信群众，依靠群众，走群众路线。在指导构建社会主义和谐社会的今天，“以民为本”已随着时代的变化改为了为人们熟悉的“以人为本”，其继承和发扬并未发生本质性的变化，为我国的和谐发展奠定理论基础。（2）和而不同篇 多元并立，多样共存，是万物万事的自然存在状态。讲求“和而不同”，不能一味追求提高“同”的比量，那可能会导致同化甚至消除“不同”，而应当在促进各个“不同”的要素自身充分发展的基础上求得“和”的合理度，这样的和谐才是最持久，最安定，最稳固的和谐。其中的哲学道理可体现为矛盾的哲学原理。矛盾的哲学原理是深刻复杂却很权威的。矛盾是一切发展的动力。矛盾的分析法告诉我们，矛盾是对立统一的。矛盾的观点之一为主要矛盾以及次要内部矛盾之间的关系。矛盾无时不有，无处不在，始终贯穿着事物发展过程的始终。根本矛盾规定事物的性质，主要矛盾是矛盾体系中处于支配地位，对事物发展其决定作用的矛盾，次要矛盾是处于服从地位。主要矛盾和次要矛盾在一定程度上可以相互转化。面对这些矛盾，就要求我们要正确认识矛盾，敢于承认矛盾，揭露矛盾，针对主要矛盾和次要方面，我们必须正确把握好主要矛盾，集中力量解决主要矛盾，统筹兼顾，同时处理好次要矛盾。“和而不同”。其本身就已经承认矛盾的存在，敢于去揭露其差异所在。“大和”的前提下允许“不同”的发展，“和”为事物发展的主要矛盾，而“不同”则是次要矛盾，在“和”这个主要矛盾的相对稳定之下，统筹兼顾的让“不同”达到相互协调的状态，将矛盾控制在一定的度之内，一直维护的“和”这个大前提，真正的达到和谐。其实这个哲理的运用不仅体现在建设和谐社会这样的大方面，其实在日常生活中也对我们其知道作用。例如在正确处理学习以及课余活动方面，正确处理人际关系之间„„都可以运用矛盾的分析方法进行指导分析。还是那句话“和而不同”“求同存异”。（3）人情世态篇 从某个方面说，人情世态才是一本多难言中其真相的大书，它卷帙浩瀚，无穷无尽，复杂多味，丰富多彩。哲学原理中阐述道：社会存在决定社会意识，社会意识对社会存在有能动的反作用，正确的，科学的社会意识可是促进社会存在的发展，错误的，愚昧的社会意识可是阻碍社会存在的发展，这就要求我们要承认社会存在的重要性，树立正确的社会意识，摒弃错误的社会意识。在人情百态这一章中，多是文人们就自身的所处的环境或是所处的社会所发出的感慨，描述着当时的社会现象或是自身的环境。在阐述的过程中，作者们将自我的意识加入其中。憧憬未来，向往美好的时候，能保持一颗平常心；面对挫折，遭遇不幸，亦能通过不断的努力与激励，在挫折中体验人生，品味百态，树立正确的人生观，也就是树立正确的社会意识。这些意识不仅能激励作者本身，同时也会影响和鼓励读者，久而久之，在社会上会形成一种积极的影响力，不断促进社会精神方面的进步，进而影响社会存在。综上所述，在学习大学语文的同时，哲学的渗透其中，两者相得益彰，相辅相成。语文，覆盖面最为广泛，上至天文时空，下至地理人文，俯瞰芸芸众生，包罗世间万象。

深味人间真情，在语文的乐章上谱写爱与美的赞歌；体悟人生真谛，在语文的妙笔下闪耀理性的熠光；历经社会百态，在语文的书卷上嬉笑怒骂；徜徉自然之乐，在语文的天堂里展现钟灵毓秀的奇绝。走进语文，感受名著文化的熏陶魅力，有语文温馨的人文关怀等着；

走进语文，触摸每位作者的欢乐与哀伤，有语文独特的视角期待着；走进语文，有丝丝书卷气与深切关怀心撞击你的思想与胸臆，有语文浓缩千年文化积淀陶醉着。在经历了多年的语文学习，大学语文的学习依然感觉新鲜无比。孔子曰：“温故而知新。”其实，课本中的一些文章在之前已经学过，重温着庄子在《秋水》中的神秘诡谲却饱含兼容并蓄的道理；重温着屈原在《离骚》中的忿恨与不满却处处显示着献身祖国的满腔热情，不屈不挠的坚强意志，正直高洁的人格；重温着欧·亨利在《麦琪的礼物》意料之外，情理之中的“含泪的微笑”式的结局，体会到善良的心地和真挚的爱情都是最美丽，最聪明的„„而新的课文也给了我全新的体验：遇见了辛弃疾在建康赏心亭的抒忿，怀才不遇的郁闷与报国无门的悲情跃然纸上；遇见了胡适在《容忍与自由》中在向我展示着“没有容忍，就没有自由”的深刻含义；遇见了爱因斯坦在《我的世界观》中向我阐述着他相信简单朴实的生活对每个人都是有益的；遇见了托尔斯泰在《舞会以后》批判社会，揭露现实，鞭挞俄国上流社会如上校之流虚伪、冷酷、丑恶的灵魂，同时隐藏着一个深刻的哲理：世界上就常有这样的事情，使得人的整个生活发生变化，走上新的方向，换言之，就是一些偶然的事件，会改变人生的道路或命运„„很多很多的知识，在大学语文的课堂上得以收获，很多很多的经历,在大学语文的课堂上得以体验,很多很多的人生哲理，在大学语文的课堂上得以体会。

一篇散文，在缠绵绯恻中体会肝肠寸断的凄苦；一出戏剧，在曲折迂回中迭出动人心魄的震撼；一首诗歌，在含蓄凝练中读出超脱凡世的清远；一部小说，在潮起潮落中成就惊世骇俗的向往。大学语文，是厚硕的双翅，让我搏击长空；大学语文，是心灵的回响，让我走向高贵的殿堂；大学语文，是几许清风细雨，让我享受云开月朗的爽洁。

大学语文的学习，是知识积累的平台，是经验收集的去处，是灵魂升华的天堂！

以上是我对大学语文学习所有心得。

第三篇：经典英语之议论文

观点议论文

关于健康

About Doing Physical Exercise 关于体育运动

Physical exercise is very important to a happy life.There is a famous saying: “Life lies on exercise.” Although you will not necessarily die without regular physical exercises, they' II certainly help you live longer and more healthily.Exercise is good for us to build up our bodies and improve our health.It lets the heart beat faster than usual, and then helps enlarge the blood vessels to protect us from heart attacks.Exercise can also contribute to the development of our ability to response quickly.For example, playing table-tennis can make you respond faster.In a word, exercise is helpful, important and necessary.How to Keep Healthy 如何保持健康

例1

The desire for good health is universal.Especially nowadays, the possession of good health is regarded by nearly everyone as vital to a happy and successful life.Only if you are in good shape can you expect to live comfortably or work efficiently.Then, how to keep healthy? First, enough time should be set aside for sleep, rest and doing exercises.Secondly, you must break bad habits that damage your health, such as smoking and drinking too much alcohol.Finally, be sure to have your physical check-up regularly.As for me, I have always been taking care to have proper sleep and relaxation.In my spare time I like running, swimming, and playing table tennis.So, I can keep fit and have a good life.例2 Nowadays, more and more people know the importance of keeping healthy.Without a healthy body, we can do nothing.For me , there are three main ways to keep healthy.First, it is necessary to keep a balanced diet, which is the basic of good health.It is better for us to have more fruit and vegetable every day.Secondly, it is important to take regular exercise, such as swimming, jogging and so on.Last but not least, it is essential to keep in a good mood.Relaxation and entertainment are ways to renew our spirits and release our stress.When we make healthy habits a part of our everyday life, we are bound to keep healthy.Wealth and Health 财富与健康

As a joke goes, the young try to accumulate wealth by sacrificing their health while the old are desperate to restore health by wealth they have owned.The fast-paced modern society places its members in a dilemma: if one wants to possess great wealth, he will have to keep busy all the time, which would always endanger his health.Wealth seems to be too attractive to resist, for the industrialized society prices almost everything that one needs to survive.Health, however, cannot be earned in the way wealth is obtained but can only be consumed.Once health is neglected, it can be hardly regained in the future.Therefore, the question of wealth and health should attract great attention from the public so that they might make the balance.Is Stress a Bad Thing? 有压力是坏事吗

Are you afraid of stress? Today I want to talk about stress.Let me share my opinion with you.Some people regard stress as a monster.They are terrified of stress.But other people think stress is a good thing for them.In my eyes, although much pressure is put on me, I’ll receive them as a gift.At first, stress encourages me a lot.It seems to tell me I have to work hard.Being lazy will let me get low marks.Secondly, proper stress develops my self-confidence.I still believe I’ll do better than others.Finally, if someone gives me a lot of stress, it shows he cares for me.I’ll work harder to make him happy.I always have much stress on studying.Well, I’ll have many ways to deal with it.If I feel tired, I’ll take a deep breath, play the piano for a while or walk my dog.Doing these things makes me relaxed.At last, I want to say if you have so much pressure, finding proper ways to deal with it is the most important.Don’t be nervous.Don’t be afraid of it!Believe yourself!

Then you will find everything is very easy.Smoking Is Harmful 吸烟有害

It has been estimated that smokers have made up half of the population in China.And the smokers are becoming younger and younger, even including some middle school students.Nowadays more and more people have realized smoking can do harm to people’s health.However, some people still enjoy smoking.Why? Because some of them think it is a kind of fashion;some think it is of great fun and some others think that smoking can refresh themselves.In fact, smoking is a bad habit.It can cause a lot of diseases.Meanwhile smoking is a waste of money.Besides, careless smokers may cause dangerous fires.Smoking is harmful and it is not only bad for smokers themselves, but also bad for non-smokers.Therefore, I hope all the smokers can give up smoking for themselves and also for the people around them.Health and Eating Habit 健康与饮食习惯

As we all know, we are what we eat.Therefore, it’s very important for us to develop healthy eating habits.However, bad eating habits are still very common among us students.Some of us often go to school without breakfast;some like to have snacks;some others are particular about food and still some eat or drink too much.All these bad habits will surely do harm to our health.To keep fit, we should have various healthy diets, which generally include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as main food.Besides, we’d better have meals regularly.In my opinion, we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body.Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.关于环境

Water Pollution 水污染

例1 Today, I read a piece of news about water pollution in Taihu Lake in a newspaper.But water pollution exists not only in Taihu Lake but also in some other rivers, lakes and seas in our country.Without any doubt, water pollution is a serious problem today.Rivers, lakes and even oceans all over the world are being polluted by garbage and dangerous chemicals.Oil and other chemicals can kill fish and make water unsafe for drinking.More and more people have realized how serious the problem is.Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.We've done a good deal of work, but there's still a long way to go.We must keep on fighting until we find ways to protect the environment from being polluted, and do away with pollution.We are sure that we'll win the battle.Goodbye, water pollution!例2 Water pollution has been a serious problem.With the development of industry, water pollution is becoming more serious now.The polluted water not only kills fish, it is also harmful to our health.Many people get sick because they drink the polluted water.In some rivers the water is so dirty that they can even kill plants.People can't live without water so we should fight against the pollution.Our government has taken measures to protect the rivers against pollution.People also realize the seriousness of the pollution.We should stop using harmful things and keep the water clean.I wish it is not a dream that in the near future we can have clean rivers again.Plant More Trees 种更多的树

1.树是一种重要的自然资源；

2.树有利于环境的改善；

3.让我们多种树。

Trees are important resources.They provide us with wood, which is not only an important building material, but also indispensable in making paper, furniture, matches and many other useful things.Without tress, we would perhaps still be living in caves, and our life would be very miserable.Trees also do good to our environment.They not only make our world greener and more beautiful but also produce oxygen which makes the air we breathe fresher and better for our health.What’s more, trees help maintain ecological balance, which is very important to our survival.Fortunately, trees, unlike other resources, can be “reproduced”.While coal and oil can be burnt up and exhausted, trees will never be used up because we can always plant new ones.And when we plant trees, we know that we are helping make our world richer, pleasanter, and more beautiful to live in.So let’s plant more trees.关于成功

The Way to Success 内容需包括以下方面：

1.每个人都试图在事业上获得成功；2.获得成功的要索；3.我坚信…

Everyone tries to achieve success in his/her career.But some finally attain their aims while others fail.Why？ Some continue their cause to the end through long period of hard struggles, but others are easily disappointed and stop halfway.Strong will, perseverance and diligence are the three essentials of success.A man of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spirit.He sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be.Life is short and we have too much to do.Without diligence no one can achieve anything.I believe that where there is a will there is a way, and that success belongs to those who can make constant efforts.Don't be afraid of life.Believe that life is worth living, and your belief will help create the fact.Failure Is the Mother of Success(失败乃成功之母)

Everyone may fail in his life.But different people treat failure differently.Some are afraid of failure, while others welcome it.I think failure is a good thing.Failure can be a good teacher.It can reveal that where we need improvement.So we know where we should invest more time and energy, and what strategy to take.In this way, failure teaches us to be better the second time around.As they say,“ The more you try, the more you'll succeed.” No one can keep from failure.If we can turn failure to our advantages, we will succeed sooner or later.My View on luck 1.一些人把成功归于运气；

2.另一些人把运气看作是成功的结果；

3.我的看法。

When talking about one's fate, some people think that luck is one of the important factors that determine one's success.When one manages to do something, people would say, “You have good luck.”While one fails, people would say, “You are unlucky”.But some people hold a different views, they believe that nothing but diligence is the mother of good luck.People can gain success only by their hard work and efforts.On the other hand, good luck doesn't occur all the time.To my mind, I believe that success comes from diligence and hard work.关于金钱

On Money/ Money is Not Everything Money is regarded by some people as the most important thing in life.It is even regarded as the symbol of wealth and social position.For example, with plenty of money a man can do whatever he wants to.He can afford expensive cars and luxurious houses, and he can travel around the world and visit as many interesting places as he wants to.In their eyes, money is everything in life.In my opinion, money is not everything.Money can both benefit people and do harm to them.On the one hand, we can't deny that money is useful.We need money to buy food or a house or pay our education cost.Money can make us live more comfortably.For example, with more money, we can help others and take part in more social activities and receive a good education, thus increasing our knowledge and developing our skills.On the other hand, some people try to get money by dishonest means, for example, they often cheat and gamble, even rob and kill people.Sooner or later, they will be punished by the law.Money can bring them nothing but misery.城市和乡村

Living in a Big City Recently, thousands of people are rushing into big cities to settle down.I think that people who move to big cities must enjoy the advantages of city life.I am certainly a supporter among them.If you live in a big city, shopping centers, restaurants and recreation centers are always within easy reach.Therefore, it's very convenient to buy various goods.In addition, people in big cities can participate in different activities more often than those living in the country.However, crowded big cites are being faced with many problems.The most serious ones are “Traffic jam”, “housing condition”, and “pollution”.So we should pay more attention to the environment and public facilities.Only in this way can we live in great comfort.My View of the Country Life and Town life/ City Life and

Suburban Life 我对城市和乡村生活的看法/ 城市生活和郊区生活

内容需包括以下方面：

1.有一种观点认为：城市生活比乡村生活好；2.你对这种观点的看法；3.你的结论。

Some people believe that town life is better than country life.I don’t agree with this.Town life can be convenient to us in many aspects.For example, you can move around easily, shopping can be more fun in a big shopping mall and you can enjoy a more colorful nightlife.But there are also many disadvantages.It is much nosier than in the country.Air pollution is more serious.It is not easy to park your car.It costs more to live in town.To name but a few is enough.Therefore, I prefer country life.Where to Live 1.有人喜欢住在城市 2.有人喜欢住在农村 3.我的看法

Where to Live 例1 Some people prefer to live in the big cities.Life in the city enjoys many advantages.Take education for example, usually schools in the city have better facilities and teachers.Secondly, life in the city is very convenient because shopping centers, restaurants, cinemas and supermarkets are always within easy reach.But some other people prefer to live in the countryside.Compared with the life in the city, life in the countryside is simpler, more peaceful and with slower pace.People can get closer to the nature and enjoy the beauty of nature.From my point of view, as far as I’m still studying and working, I think life in the city is more suitable for me because I can have more opportunities in the city.Furthermore, I want to make use of the better facilities in the city to enrich my life.After I retire, I’ll consider moving to the countryside to live a healthier and simpler life.例2 Living in the city or in the country is really a problem for some people because both of them have strengths and weaknesses.Living in the city, undoubtedly, will have more convenience than living in the country.There are good infrastructures, convenient traffic, completely health service, different kinds of shops that meet your different needs and various means of entertainment.You could live in a modern flat and enjoy a cozy life.However, there also exist some common problems, such as, pollution, noises, traffic jams.Compared with living in the city, living in the country may avoid above problems.Besides, usually, the environment in the country is much better.But another problem appears.What seem to be the advantages for living in the city have become the disadvantages for living in the country.Inconvenience is the biggest one among all of these.So people who face to make a decision must have a good balance of both sides.To me, according to the situation of China, I prefer to live in the city.An important reason is that the development of city is far beyond that of country.Some countries, especially in remote areas, are still very poor and backward.The life there is still very tough and difficult.Nevertheless, nothing is absolutely, some people still would rather choose live in the country, it is really up to yourself.Remember, happy and comfortable are the purposes.选择住在城市还是乡村对于某些人来说是一个真正的问题。因为不管住哪里各自都有利有弊。

住在城市，毫无疑问，肯定比住在乡村要便捷的多。城市有好的公共设施，方便的交通，完善的健康服务体系，各种各样的商场来满肚你不同的需要和各种娱乐设施。你可以住在一个现代的公寓里享受着舒适的生活。然而，住在城市也有些共同的问题，比如：污染，噪音和交通堵塞。

相比住在城市，住在乡村可以避免以上的问题。而且，通常，住在乡村的环境要比城市好很多。但是其他问题又出现了。似乎住在城市的优点成了住在乡村的缺点。其中不便捷就是众多问题中最大的一个。因此，人们面对选择时，必须要考虑双方的平衡。

对我而言，根据中国的现状，我宁愿选择住在城市。最重要的一个原因是城市的发展要远远比乡村的发展发达。有些乡村，尤其是偏远农村地区，是非常贫穷和落后的。那里的生活非常的艰苦和困难。然而，任何事情都没有绝对的，有些人宁愿选择乡村，这完全取决于你自己。只要记住，快乐和舒适是其目的就好。

Instructions: 建议你在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题目用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。

City Life and Suburban Life In recent years more and more homes are being pushed outwards as the activities of business, government and pleasure tend to be concentrated in the centers of the cities.Although most people are reluctant to move to the outskirts of the cities, I feel like living in the suburbs.It is true that the city can provide much convenience and entertainment, the very reason why people can't bear to part with city life.But the cost for the privilege of living in the city is also high.What's more, there is more gas and noise pollution in the city, which is full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the roar of buses and taxies, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.In contrast, living near the countryside one can enjoy the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the quiet, peaceful surroundings-the essentials of a healthy life.Although living in the suburbs one may suffer a little discomfort brought about by the necessity of traveling miles to work every day, it means nearly nothing when thinking of the high cost and heavily polluted environment of the city.The new suburban life is fast becoming a predominant pattern of living in most cities;and with the improvement of traffic and the perfection of services, it will prove to hold great superiority over city life.城市生活和郊区生活

近年来越来越多的家庭因为商业活动的发展而被推到城市的外围。政府和娱乐中心占据着城市的中心。尽管大多数人不情愿搬到城市的郊区地带，而我感觉住在郊区其实也挺好。

城市可以提供更多的便捷和娱乐，这也是为什么很多人无法忍受没有这些的生活。但是住在城市的生活成本也是很高。而且，城市里人口拥挤，公共汽车、出租车汽油燃烧后的有毒废气和噪音的污染更加严重。相比之下，住在郊区既可以享受清洁的大气，接近自然地宁静环境-这些事健康生活的本质。尽管住在郊区可能遭受每天乘车往返中旅途的一点点不舒适，但是考虑到生活成本和城市环境的严重污染，这点不舒适就不算什么了。

新的郊区生活将很快成为大多数城市的主流生活方式。随着交通服务设施的完善提高，住在郊区将有着城市生活得优势。

Instructions: 建议你在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题目用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。Where to Live 1.有人喜欢住在城市 2.有人喜欢住在农村 3.我的看法。

谈你喜欢的城市交通方式 内容需包括以下方面：1.哪一种是你最喜欢的交通方式；2.阐述你的理由；3.作出结论。

Which means of transportation do you prefer? In a modern city, there are many means of transportation, such as subway, taxi, bus and so on.But my favorite means of transportation is by bike.First, riding a bike is good for keeping healthy.I spend one hour riding a bike to my office on my working day, and I think it is a good form of physical exercise.Secondly, it is money-saving.Recently, the private car drivers always complain the price of gas is higher and higher, but if you ride a bike, it will cost you nothing.Thirdly, it is beneficial for protecting the environment, so it is a “green” form of transportation.Therefore, although it has some disadvantages, I like riding a bike best.最……的

Interest Is the Best Teacher 兴趣是最好的老师

例1 I was not able to get high marks when I was in primary school.Teachers didn’t like me because I was not a good student.Mother considered me as a bad kid.They hurt me by thinking I am a retarded child.But I am no fool.Almost all of my paintings were showed in public.Many famous artists had praised me for my paintings.They called me “little genius”.And dad was on my side too.He encouraged me to do what I liked and what I thought was proper.He told me that interest is the best teacher;Dad did what he could to develop my talent fully.I believe that interest together with hard work will make me a successful artist in the near future.例2 In our life the best teacher is our interest.If we do something with great interest, we can not only save a lot of time and energy but also do a much better job.On the contrary, if we start doing something without any interest, we may feel bored very soon, let alone do a satisfactory job finally.Since interest is of great importance in our study, work as well as our daily life, it is very necessary for us to arouse our interest in things.We are expected to discover the interesting sides while doing something before we develop our interest gradually in it.If we have had great interest in doing something, we need to make a good use of it and exploit its advantages to the full.In conclusion, all of us need to be directed by our best teacher—interest.我们生活中最好的老师是兴趣。如果我们做一些事情有很大兴趣，那么我们不仅可以节约大量的时间和精力，还能干得很好。相反，如果我们开始做一件事便没什么兴趣，我们很快便会感觉非常无聊，更不必说最后能把事情做好了。

由于兴趣对我们的学习、工作和日常生活有着重要意义，我们有必要激发我们的兴趣。我们在干事情的过程中就应该发现事情有趣的一面，逐渐培养我们的兴趣。如果我们本来就对干一件事有很大兴趣，我们则需要好好利用我们的兴趣。

总之，我们每一个人都需要受到我们最好的老师—兴趣的指导。

Parents Are the Best Teachers 父母是最好的老师

内容需包括以下方面： 1.父母是最好的老师； 2.解释其中的原因； 3.重申观点。

We will all have many teachers in our lives.They include not only our teachers in school, but our classmates and friends, our colleagues and our bosses and, most importantly, our parents.Our parents are our first and best teachers because they teach us the most important things in life, teach us continually and always have our best interests at heart.First, our parents begin teaching us the moment we are born, and what they teach us in those early years are the most important things we can learn.They teach us how to get along with other people.In addition, they teach us how to be independent and how to learn.Of course, they also teach us language and many other practical skills.Second, our parents are always teaching us whether we realize it or not.They teach both in words and by example.Finally, our parents are devoted teachers who always want the best for us.Their purpose for teaching us is to prepare us for a good life in the future.Throughout our lives we will learn from many people, for there is something that we can learn from everyone we meet.However, no teacher can take the place of our parents because they are our most devoted and best teachers.Honesty Is the Best Policy 诚实乃上策

There is an English proverb which says（saying）“Honesty is the best policy.”It signifies the importance of honesty.What are the benefits of honesty？If you are honest to others，they will be honest to you in return.When you are sad，they will comfort you.When you are in trouble，they will help you.There is no enumerating the evils of dishonesty here.In a word，a dishonest man will be looked down upon by others and（be）regarded as a public enemy.Honesty is better than dishonesty.Firstly, honesty is one of traditional virtues of China.We should regard it as our motto.Secondly, honesty will bring not only happiness but also respect to you.On the contrary, dishonesty will cause many serious results.On one hand, your d ishonesty will make other people distrust you.People begin to doubt your words and actions.It is a punishment to you.On the other hand, dishonesty dose harm to other people, even our country.In a word, honesty is the best policy.With the development of society, credit system will be founded.People will get benefit from their honesty.The society without honesty can’t develop stably and rapidly.We should abide our social law and regulation and contribute to our country.East or west, home is best.金窝银窝不如自家的狗窝

What’s the best place in your heart? If I ask you where the best place is in your heart, perhaps you may say it’s Zhongnanhai, the White House or the Kremlin Palace.But I’ll tell you that it’s home rather than any one of them.Because a proverb says well that “East or west, home is best.”

That’s why? Because home is the port of our soul and the only one place that we are looking forward to going for the whole life.Because I think home means all to me and anybody else.It’s home where we can go whenever we are hurt or tired.It is also home where we can enjoy the feelings of parents, brothers and sisters.It’s home that that fights against wind or rain whether in the day time or at night.In a word, whatever we do and wherever we go, home is the best place that we can go forever.Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?

大学应向游客开放吗

内容提示：

1．校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同。你的观点； 2．阐述你的理由； 3．结论，重申观点。

It is true that many university campuses, especially those of the famous ones, have recently become the new tourist attractions.Some people are quite in favor of the campus’ opening to tourists while others are opposed to it.The opening of campus will stimulate the tourist industry, but the easier access to campus will lead to some accidents or safety problems which will interfere in students’ life.In my opinion, campuses can be open to tourists once a week, say, on Saturday or Sunday.This suggestion, I believe, is quite workable because it could kill two birds with one stone.For one thing, campuses could attract many tourists on weekends, thus boosting the tourism.For another, restricted opening of campus will beneficially narrow the gap between campuses and the outside world.Furthermore, this will also attract more public attention and build a great reputation for the university.Failure is the Mother of Success.失败乃成功之母 1.你对“失败乃成功之母”的看法； 2.举例说明你的看法。

All of us experience failure every now and then.A merchant may fail in his business and a student may fail in his examination.Some people will avoid failure at all costs.For me, failure can be a good teacher.There is some wisdom to be learned from failure.If we can learn to turn a failure to our advantage, we will have learned another secret to success.For example, when we fail in our exams, it’s time for us to ask why we failed.Is it because of our inattention in class or our laziness after class or unclear explanation of the teacher or our poor learning style? If we can find the key, I am sure we will succeed in our exams.That’s how I overcome my difficulties in my study.Failure is the mother of success and success that comes after failure is so sweet.Advantages and Disadvantages of the Mobile Phone 1.手机的好处； 2.手机带来的问题。

Being a product of high-technology, mobile phones are being more and more widely used.It's small in size, light in weight and easy to carry, offering fast and convenient service for communication.It's of multi-function.The users use it for calling, sending short messages and internet-surfing.In spite of the advantage mentioned above, student users often waste a lot of time chatting over the phone in their spare time, some even use them to cheat in exams.In addition, mobile phone bill is also a heavy burden on students' families.What’s more, it’s reported that mobile phone can do harm to our health.Maybe we should learn to use mobile phone reasonably.

第四篇：大学语文[4729]之诗歌

1.蒹葭

蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方！溯洄从之，道阻且长。溯游从之，宛在水中央。

蒹葭凄凄，白露未晞。所谓伊人，在水之湄。溯洄从之，道阻且跻(jí)，溯游从之，宛在水中坻(chí)。

蒹葭采采，白露未已。所谓伊人，在水之涘(sì)。溯洄从之，道阻且右。溯游从之，宛在水中沚(zhǐ)。2.湘夫人

帝子降兮北渚，目眇眇兮愁予。嫋嫋兮秋风，洞庭波兮木叶下。登白薠兮骋望，与佳期兮夕张。鸟何萃兮苹中，罾何为兮木上？沅有茝兮澧有兰，思公子兮未敢言。荒忽兮远望，观流水兮潺湲。麋何食兮庭中？蛟何为兮水裔？朝驰余马兮江皋，夕济兮西澨。闻佳人兮召予，将腾驾兮偕逝。筑室兮水中，葺之兮荷盖。荪壁兮紫坛，播芳椒兮成堂。桂栋兮兰橑，辛夷楣兮药房。罔薜荔兮为帷，擗蕙櫋兮既张。白玉兮为镇，疏石兰兮为芳。芷葺兮荷屋，缭之兮杜衡。合百草兮实庭，建芳馨兮庑门。九嶷缤兮并迎，灵之来兮如云。捐余袂兮江中，遗余褋兮澧浦。搴汀洲兮杜若，将以遗兮远者；时不可兮骤得，聊逍遥兮容与。3.陌上桑

日出东南隅（yú），照我秦氏楼。秦氏有好女，自名为罗敷（fū）。罗敷善蚕桑，采桑城南隅；青丝为笼系（xì），桂枝为笼钩。头上倭（wǒ）堕（duî）髻（jì），耳中明月珠；缃（xiāng）绮（qǐ）为下裙，紫绮为上襦（rú）。行者见罗敷，下担捋（lǚ）髭（zī）须；少年见罗敷，脱帽著帩（zhuï qiào）头。耕者忘其犁，锄者忘其锄；来归相怨怒，但坐观罗敷。

使君从南来，五马立踟蹰（chí chú）。使君遣吏往，问是谁家姝（shū）？“秦氏有好女，自名为罗敷。”“罗敷年几何？”“二十尚不足，十五颇有余。” 使君谢罗敷：“宁（nìng）可共载（zǎi）不（fǒu）？” 罗敷前致辞：“使君一何愚！使君自有妇，罗敷自有夫。

东方千余骑（jì），夫婿居上头。何用识夫婿？ 白马从骊驹（lí jū）；青丝系（jì）马尾，黄金络马头；腰中鹿卢剑，可直千万余。十五府小吏，二十朝大夫，三十侍中郎，四十专城居。为人洁白皙，鬑鬑（lián）颇有须；盈盈公府步，冉冉府中趋（qū)。坐中数千人，皆言夫婿殊。” 4.饮酒（其五）

结庐在人境，而无车马喧。问君何能尔？心远地自偏。采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。5.行路难（其一）金樽（zūn）清酒斗十千，玉盘珍羞（xiū）直万钱。停杯投箸(zhù)不能食，拔剑四顾心茫然。欲渡黄河冰塞（sâ）川，将登太行雪满山。闲来垂钓碧溪上，忽复乘舟梦日边。行路难！行路难！多歧（qí）路，今安在？长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济(jì)沧海。6.秋兴八首（其一）

玉露凋伤枫树林，巫山巫峡气萧森。江间波浪兼天涌，塞上风云接地阴。丛菊两开他日泪，孤舟一系故园心。寒衣处处催刀尺，白帝城高急暮砧。7.长恨歌

汉皇重色思倾国，御宇多年求不得。杨家有女初长成，养在深闺人未识。

天生丽质难自弃，一朝选在君王侧。回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色。春寒赐浴华清池，温泉水滑洗凝脂。侍儿扶起娇无力，始是新承恩泽时。鬓花颜金步摇，芙蓉帐暖度春宵。春宵苦短日高起，从此君王不早朝。承欢侍宴无闲暇，春从春游夜专夜。

后宫佳丽三千人，三千宠爱在一身。金屋妆成娇侍夜，玉楼宴罢醉和（huî）春。

姊妹弟兄皆列土，可怜光彩生门户。遂令天下父母心，不重生男重生女。

骊宫高处入青云，仙乐风飘处处闻。缓歌慢舞凝丝竹，尽日君王看不足。渔阳鼙（pí）鼓动地来，惊破霓裳(cháng)羽衣曲。九重城阙(quâ)烟尘生，千乘（shâng）万骑（jì）西南行。翠华摇摇行复止，西出都门百余里。六军不发无奈何，宛转蛾眉马前死。花钿（diàn）委地无人收，翠翘金雀玉搔头。君王掩面救不得，回看血泪相和流。黄埃散漫风萧索，云栈萦(yíng)纡(yū)登剑阁。峨嵋山下少人行，旌旗无光日色薄。蜀江水碧蜀山青，圣主朝朝暮暮情。行宫见月伤心色，夜雨闻铃肠断声。天旋日转回龙驭(yù），到此踌躇不能去。马嵬（wãi）坡下泥土中，不见玉颜空死处。

君臣相顾尽沾衣，东望都门信马归。归来池苑皆依旧，太液芙蓉未央柳。

芙蓉如面柳如眉，对此如何不泪垂？春风桃李花开日，秋雨梧桐叶落时。西宫南内（或“苑”）多秋草，落叶满阶红不扫。梨园弟子白发新，椒房阿监青娥老。夕殿萤飞思悄然，孤灯挑尽未成眠。

迟迟钟鼓初长夜，耿耿星河欲曙天。鸳鸯瓦冷霜华重，翡翠衾(qīn)寒谁与共？

悠悠生死别经年，魂魄不曾来入梦。

临邛(qiïng)道士鸿都客，能以精诚致魂魄。为感君王辗转思，遂教方士殷勤觅。排空驭气奔如电，升天入地求之遍。上穷碧落下黄泉，两处茫茫皆不见。忽闻海上有仙山，山在虚无缥缈间。楼阁玲珑（又作“玲珑楼阁”）五云起，其中绰约多仙子。中有一人字太真，雪肤花貌参差是。金阙西厢叩玉扃(jiōng)，转教小玉报双成。闻道汉家天子使，九华帐里梦魂惊。衣推枕起徘徊，珠箔（bï）银屏迤(yǐ)逦(lǐ)开。云鬓半偏新睡觉（juã），花冠不整下堂来。风吹仙袂(mâi)飘飖举，犹似霓裳羽衣舞。玉容寂寞泪阑干，梨花一枝春带雨。含情凝睇（dì)谢君王，一别音容两渺茫。昭阳殿里恩爱绝，蓬莱宫中日月长。回头下望人寰(huán)处，不见长安见尘雾。惟将旧物表深情，钿(diàn)合金钗寄将去。钗留一股合一扇，钗擘(bî)黄金合分钿(diàn)。但教心似金钿坚，天上人间会相见。临别殷勤重寄词，词中有誓两心知。七月七日长生殿，夜半无人私语时。

在天愿作比翼鸟，在地愿为连理枝。天长地久有时尽（又作“会有时”），此恨绵绵无绝期。8.早雁

金河秋半虏弦开，云外惊飞四散哀。仙掌月明孤影过，长门灯暗数声来。

须知胡骑纷纷在，岂逐春风一一回？莫厌潇湘少人处，水多菰米岸莓苔。9.虞美人

春花秋月何时了，往事知多少。小楼昨夜又东风，故国不堪回首月明中。雕栏玉砌应犹在，只是朱颜改。问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。10.八声甘州

对潇潇暮雨洒江天，一番洗清秋。渐霜风凄紧，关河冷落，残照当楼。是处红衰翠减，苒苒物华休。惟有长江水，无语东流。不忍登高临远，望故乡渺邈，归思难收。叹年来踪迹，何事苦淹留？想佳人妆楼颙望，误几回，天际识归舟？争知我，倚阑干处?，正恁凝愁?。11.鹧鸪天

重过阊门万事非，同来何事不同归？梧桐半死清霜后，头白鸳鸯失伴飞。原上草，露初晞，旧栖新垅两依依。空床卧听南窗雨，谁复挑灯夜补衣！12.声声慢

寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚（qīqī）。乍暖还寒⑴时候，最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒，怎敌他晚来风急。雁过也，正伤心，却是旧时相识。

满地黄花堆积，憔悴损，如今有谁堪摘？守着窗儿，独自怎生得黑？梧桐更兼细雨，到黄昏、点点滴滴。这次第，怎一个愁字了得！13.摸鱼儿

更能消、几番风雨？匆匆春又归去。惜春长怕花开早，何况落红无数。春且住。见说道，天涯芳草无归路。怨春不语。算只有殷勤，画檐蛛网，尽日惹飞絮。长门事，准拟佳期又误，蛾眉曾有人妒。千金纵买相如赋，脉脉此情谁诉？君莫舞，君不见，玉环飞燕皆尘土！闲愁最苦。休去倚危楼，斜阳正在、烟柳断肠处。

第五篇：大学语文读后感之论语

论语读后感

从前，我之所以读一本书是因为它来到了我的手边，而书的主人又有耐心等待我一口气或分几天读完它。后来，知道了有公共图书馆这等读书的好地方，我也懒得去翻书目卡片，只是在开放阅览室书架上随手抓一本我能读得进去的书。再后来，通过网络，也约略知道近来新出的哪几本书是值得一读的，可我也往往只关注自己感兴趣的，偶尔在浏览的网页上碰到一两本好书也都是大概的翻翻,很少有时间和心情静下心来看，相逢或相违全凭运气。所以，我读《论语》也只是因

为选了《中西经典选读》这门课,于是从图书馆借了这本书。人们常挂在嘴边的话，我竟然不知出于《论语》。像“父母在，不远游。君子坦荡荡，小人常戚戚，不在其位，不谋其政。道不同，不相为谋，任重而道远，死而后已，朽木不可雕也。三十而立……”我读《论语》这部书，当然不是想从中觅得修身、齐家的孔门秘传。我只是在这部书中认识了一个迂阔率性、明知其不可而为之的孔子，一个多才多艺、诲人不倦的孔子，一个食不厌精、懂得生活乐趣的孔子。学贯中西的学者们常把孔子和古希腊哲人苏格拉底相提并论。苏格拉底是被雅典民主政权处死的，据说是自由精神阻止他逃亡。但我更喜欢孔子的直言不讳：“道不行，乖桴浮于海”，这同样是一种自由精神。打开《论语》去读，像是穿越几千年的时光隧道，看到群雄逐鹿，争霸天下的春秋时期，产生了孔子一个伟大的思想家、教育家。他的言行论述了孝道、治学、治国、为政，为历代君王所推崇，汉武帝罢黜百家，独尊儒术。儒家思想――中庸之道。他的思想言论不一定与我们今天所处的时代相吻合，但对于影响了几千年的中国文化的经书，是有必要一读的。

孔子讲究孝道，孝成为中华民族的传统美德，今天的人们却在褪色，对其讲孝是非常必要的，让他们明白孝是为人之本。子曰：“父在，观其志；父没，观其行；三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。”“事父母能竭其力；”等。即孔子说；“当他父亲在世的时候，要观察他的志向；在他父亲死后，要考察他的行为；若是他对他父亲的教诲长期不加改变，这样的人可以说是尽到孝了。”这里讲了什么是孝，同“事父母能竭其力”有些不同。虽然事父母能竭其力，但在社会上做事，或是贪污或是抢劫，触犯法律，使父母担心、忧心，这也不能算是孝。父母都希望子女比自己强，具有良好的品德，这是父母教育子女的出发点。所以为父母提供丰厚的物质不是孝的根本，如果能够按照父母的意愿、教诲行事做人，对得起父母才是真正的孝。治学方面，孔子的“学而不厌，诲人不倦，知之为不知，不知为不知，敏而好学，不耻下问，三人行必有我师，博学而笃志，切问近而思”。不正是一种谦虚、严谨、实事求是，锲而不舍的治学态度吗？治学的方法他讲究温“故而知新，学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆，他觉得学而实习之不亦说乎。”同时孔子认为“好仁不好学，其蔽也愚，好知不好学，其蔽也荡。好信不好学，其蔽也贼……”可见学习的重要性，治学是仁信的基础。

“三人行，必有我师焉”、“敏而好学，不耻下问。”这是《论语》六则中给我感触最深的两则。前一则是说几个人走在一起，那么其中必定有可以当老师的人；后一则告诉我们敏捷而努力地学习，不以向不如自己的人请教为耻。这两句话虽然出自两千多年前的孔子之口，但至今仍是至理名言，意义至大。“三人行，必有我师焉。”这句话包含着一个广泛的道理：能者为师。在我们日常生活中，每天都要接触的人甚多，而每个人都有一定的优点，值得我们去学习，亦可成为我们良师益友。就说我们班上的吧。在这个近80人的班集体里，就有篮球上的猛将、绘画巧匠、书法好手、象棋大师。有的是上晓天文，有的是下通地理；有的是满脑子的数字；有的能歌善舞……多向我们身边的这些平凡的人学习，就像置身于万绿丛中的小苗吸收着丰富的养分。高山，是那样地雄伟，绵延；大海是那样地壮丽无边，山之所以高，是因为它从不排斥每一块小石；海之所以阔，是因为它积极地聚集好一点一滴不起眼的水。若想具有高山的情怀和大海的渊博，就必须善于从平凡的人身上汲取他们点滴之长——“三人行必有我师焉”。一个几岁的小朋友当然不如四十开外的教育家；平民百姓同样没有史学家的见识广博……但是正是这样的“不耻下问”而造就了许多伟人。论语读后感 范文二：

有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎”“己所不欲，勿施于人”……２９日上午，孔子故里山东省曲阜市的杏坛剧场内传出朗朗的诵读声。２０００多名少年儿童齐声诵读《论语》中的经典名句和中国历代名篇佳作明月高悬，孤灯一盏。橙黄色的灯光笼罩着周遭的一切。我正襟危坐于桌

旁，在这样一个宁静而又安详的初春的夜晚，仔细背诵着一本蓝色仿线装的，薄薄的小书——论语。

说它是薄薄的一本小书，实在不假。虽然字印的斗大，再加上注释，翻译，总共也不过220页。想想在这个信息爆炸的时代，如此的一本小书。若是摆在那些厚似馒头，重似砖头，印刷精美似绣花枕头的大部头巨著之中。实在是不起眼之极了。何以想象，就是如此的一个薄薄的小书，却统治了中国近二十个世纪，彻底改变了中国的历史呢？

从辩论的角度看，孔子肯定是输了，而且输得心服口服。可是如果从生活的角度看。孔子又是赢家，是大赢家。这是历史证明了的，不是我说的。也许，真理本不是辩出的，而是做出的。

孔子何以获胜，辩论为何不出这样的道理，我不知道，天资太差，脑子太笨。但我知道孔子说了些什么，他说的是做人的道理，生活的道理，生存的哲学！如果你是人，你生活在一个群体中，不论你做什么：你去干革命，做领导，开公司，或是你去当土匪，做强盗，当恶霸。如果你想做强，作大，你就必须相信孔子说的，从这个角度说，孔子的道理，是永恒的真理！

说起生活的道理，生存哲学。我们中国人可是不会陌生。因为我们有五千年的等级社会的生活经验，世界上哪个国家也比不上。比如说：勾心斗角，尔虞我诈，争权夺利，互相倾扎，落井下石，背后捅刀，见利忘义，过河拆桥，当面一套，背后一套，说的一套，做的一套，损人利己，假公济私，猜疑嫉妒，暗地造谣，事不关己，高高挂起，个人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜。还有什么，大家补充。

总之，我们中国人最不缺的就是智慧，尤其是生存智慧。中国人是适应力最强的生物，在任何的环境里都可以生存。并且还有一整套自我娱乐的方式，我们是最喜欢内耗，窝里斗，最容易忘记过去，最经常变得麻木不仁，最喜欢隔岸观火，充当看客的民族。好了，不说了，鲁迅先生比我说的强多了，不敢班门弄斧。

鲁迅先生原以为可以用笔做刀剑，用激烈的言词，大声得呼喊惊醒沉睡的中国人。可是她错了，文学的力量微乎其微，鲁迅本人也似乎被我们遗忘了。是毛主席率领的，手握着真正的枪杆子的百万雄师，彻底改变了中国，用政治和经济的力量改变了中国人。可是很遗憾，毛主席也犯了一个错误，以为单单依靠唯物主义，辩证法，就可以改变人的精神。于是，他打倒了孔子。于是，有了今天的局面。

不论是孔子，毛泽东，还是鲁迅，他们对人性善和恶的两面都有着自己的认识，解决的方法也因自身的特质和所处时代而不同，至于结果，只有历史去评说了。我在这里说的，不过是发一点牢骚罢了。