英语论文开题报告：The Proposal of Skills in English Reading and Listening

第一篇：英语论文开题报告：The Proposal of Skills in English Reading and Listening

英语论文开题报告：The Proposal of Skills in English Reading and Listening 关键词：Thesis ProposalSkillsEnglish ReadingListening

Thesis Proposal of Skills in English Reading and Listening

1.Research Background and Significance

In four http://www.xiexiebang.comtechniques of English learning(listening, speaking, reading, writing), listening and reading are the types of input, speaking and writing are the types of output.As long as the correct information is input, the effective output can be ensured.A research shows, in the daily life, people is listening 40%-50% of the time a day, 25%-30% time is speaking, 11%-16% is reading, only about 9% is writing(Rivers,1984.).This proves that people largely are to feel this world by their ears listened and eyes watched.Listening and reading are essential not only in the daily life but also in the foreign language learning.According to second language acquisition theory，language input is the most essential condition of language acquisition．

Listening is the first language mode that children acquire．It provides the foundation for all aspects of language and cognitive development，and it plays a life-long role in the processes of communication．As the development of society, listening plays an important role in today‟s information society.As long as you can hear correctly, clearly, then you can speak correctly, clearly and well.It is impossible to give an answer without correct information received.For example, when you meet a foreigner, you want to have a talk with him or he wants you to help him, even though your oral English is good, you can not understand what he is saying or what he wants you to help, which is so mournful.Reading comprehension is the ability to understand a written passage.It‟s answering “yes” to the question “Did you „get‟ what you read?”.It is what allows the reader to interact with the text in a meaningful way.Students have to learn to use reading skills in every single subject they ever study and in almost every aspect of life.For example, students need to comprehend challenging science textbooks as well as directions and word problems on texts.Nowadays is the globalization age.The foreign business of China is very active.The usual way to do business is to exchange business letters, telegrams, and e-mails.Many contracts, reports law, descriptions and other else paper documents are involved.To understand these, you have to have the strong ability of reading comprehension.You can not make a right decision unless you can understand its meaning clearly.Or you have to explain it to your boss and give him the correct suggestion.Listening comprehension and reading comprehension already become the standard to measure a people‟s language level.Actually, reading comprehension and listening comprehension are the essential parts in nowadays various proficiency test, no matter English or the other language.Make a general observation on today‟s English national proficiency tests or some standardized level test of English, the score value of reading comprehension and listening comprehension are the higheat two parts in the test paper.It can be said, as long as the students can get a high score in these two parts, they will a high chance to pass the test.Therefore, the problem how to improve students‟ ability of reading comprehension and listening comprehension became a very attentive problem.However, it does not mean that with the cognition improved, the students‟ English level also improved.Th

ere are many students fear of reading comprehension and listening.The traditional teaching of English focuses on vocabulary and grammar.There is very less chances to train students‟ reading and listening in ordinary lessons, except for the last few weeks before examination.Lack of training or skills is one of the reasons which retard their improvement.As the old saying goes，to give a man a fish，he can only eat for a short time．If you tell him how to fish，he will benefit by this for an age．We should teach them how to master the effective skills and methods to improve themselves.They should learn to use the skills to handle variety questions, obtain and analyse information, such as skills of forecasting, taking notes in listening comprehension, calculating word‟s meaning, finding topic sentence in reading comprehension, etc.Mastering the right skills, then the students can face different questions of reading and listening smoothly and reach the purpose of improving English level.Therefore, this thesis analyzes the current situation of English majors‟ reading and listening, some factors that hinder the development of the students‟ ability and accordingly provides some solutions．It shows that students should be given instructions of study strategies and training of reading and listening skills．I hope these skills can help students to get rid of fear of reading comprehension and listening comprehension, pass all tests by these skills, and finally, meet the purpose of improving English ability.2.Research Questions, Methods, and Steps

Research Methodology:

At first, this thesis introduces the importance of reading comprehension and listening comprehension.Every English learner should take these two sections seriously.They connect with the effect of learning.Secondly, I analyze some factors of affecting.These factors are very common among students.Because of these factors, students‟ performance could not be increased.Then some skills of improvement are came up with against the factors of affecting.These skills can help students overcome their weakness and improve their effect of learning.Follow these methods and skills, have more and more practice in reading and listening, students‟ ability will be greatly improved.Then to pass all kinds of English proficiency test is not a difficult problem.Research Process:

At the preparation stage, I searched for many materials on Internet database and went to Guangzhou Library to collect the related words.I did much research of the documents, words and theses that related to my thesis.I read all the materials seriously that I had found and did a detailed reading note.I screened all the materials, summarized the useful information.Then, the article review came out.Next, I thought about the thread of thesis.The questions of this thesis want to discusses are “What is hindering students‟ improvement in reading and listening?” “Some useful skills can help students improving their reading and listening comprehension.” The purpose and significance, background and prospect, procedure and main component of this thesis were established.Every week, I handed in my report of my work to directive teacher and asked her suggestion about what I had done.Under my teacher‟s guide, I entered into writing stage.In order to make the affecting factories and improving skills introducing in this thesis are more practical, beside refer to the materials on paper, I have also co nsulted my classmate in university for some practical advices.Such as, which factories they think are more important? Which Skills they think are more effective? Finally, combine with the materials that I sum up, I established the contents as follows:

Abstract(English version)

内容摘要(Chinese version)

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 The Importance of reading and Listening

Chapter 3 The factors affecting reading comprehension and listening comprehension

3.1 Factors affecting reading comprehension

3.1.1 Vocabulary

3.1.2 Reading habits

3.1.3 Quantity of reading

3.2 Factors affecting listening comprehension

3.2.1 Phonetics

3.2.2 Memory ability

3.2.3 Psychology

Chapter 4 Skills of improvement

4.1 Skills on reading comprehension

4.1.1 Improving reading speed

4.1.2 Guessing words

4.1.3 Clear direction of questions

4.2 Skills on listening comprehension

4.2.1 Forecasting

4.2.2 Finding key words

4.2.3 Taking simple notes

Chapter 5 Conclusion

Bibliography

Acknowledgements 3.Expected Results

This thesis not only manages to introduce some reading skills to students，but also wants to making them grasp the skills freely．At the same time through cultivating reading skills in English reading and listening comprehension，students‟ ability will be greatly improved.And it can heighten their confidence to take the examination and the English proficiency tests, banish fear and anxiety of reading and listening comprehension.As the saying goes, Rome is not built in one day.To improve reading and listening comprehension also can not be successful in a short time.It is impossible to have an immediate magical result.It needs a procedure step by step, from easy to the difficult.We have to do the practice as much as possible combine the useful skills.Perseverance, it will be effective.The skills of reading and listening comprehension improvement mentioned in this thesis are more effective and practical.They were came out by my research and my classmates‟ opinion.We have the real experience about it.Reading comprehension and listening comprehension are the important parts in all English proficiency tests.I think, if students do more practice using these skills and master them well;their ability of reading and listening can be improved greatly.To help them to obtain a good score in two parts which take the important scoring value in test paper, then pass the test successfully.4.References

[1] 刘明，A Study of English Majors‟ Listening Comprehension Barriers and Solutions，西南大学高校教师硕士学位论文，2008

[2] 周海如，Some Suggestions of Teaching Listening Skills，中国基础教育研究，2008

[3] 韩彦枝，大学英语阅读技巧探析，湖北广播点数大学学报，2009

[4] 徐江萍，培养学生阅读技巧的新尝试，山西科技，2008

[5] 曹维忠，词汇及阅读技巧---提高英语阅读理解能力的关键，无锡商业职业技术学院学报，2006

[6] 陈禹，学好英语 当先“搞定”阅读---谈英语阅读技巧的提高，中国科教创新导刊，2009

[7] 卢洁，听读效果差异相关因素分析，湖北省社会主义学院学报，2004

[8] 赵建萍，如何提高大学英语听力技巧，楚雄师范学院学报，2002

[9] 陈爱武，英语听力教学困扰因素浅析素质教育论坛，2009

[10]卜巧玲，影响英语听力理解的因素及对策，宿州学院学报，2009

[11] 吴志莹，运用听力技巧提高英语听力水平，广西广播电视大学学报，2001

[12] 王纪元，影响学生英语听力理解的因素及提高技巧，安阳工学院学报，2006

[13] 徐义云, 胡宜平，英语阅读理解应试技巧初探，茂名学院学报，2001

[14] 陈寒晴，影响英语阅读的障碍因素与策略研究，现代企业文化，2009

5.Time Schedule

Initial stage(from 14th week, 7th semester ~ 20th week, 7th semester)

In this stage, I meet the tutor, and receive instructions on how to write.Finish the thesis proposal, the intern report, and the thesis outline;prepare to write the first draft of the thesis.Middl e stage(from 1st week, 8th semester ~ 5th week, 8th semester)

In this stage, the first draft and the second draft will be finished.I will keep in touch with my tutor, hand in report to her in time, and revise my draft following thetutor‟s guide.Ending stage(from 6th week, 8th semester ~ 10th week, 8th semester)

In this stage, I will finish the third draft and hand in to tutor.After tutor‟s modification, my final draft 英语论文网will be established.And I will prepare for my thesis oral defense, make the PPT.and presentation for oral defense.

第二篇：英语论文开题报告

英语论文开题报告范文例文大全6篇

论文题目the Application and Innovation

of Gothicism in Wuthering Heights

一、选题的意义和研究现状

1．选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义

长时期以来, 人们视艾米莉•勃朗特为英国文学中的“斯芬克斯”。关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜, 许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究, 得出了不同的结论, 因而往往是旧谜刚解, 新谜又出, 解谜热潮似永无休止。

本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉•

勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。

2．与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况

各民族的文学中都有许多惊险、恐怖的故事, 但似乎没有哪一种文学像英美文学那样不仅创作出数量众多、质量优秀的恐怖文学作品, 而且还形成了一个持续发展、影响广泛的哥特传统(Gothic tradition)。哥特文学现在已经成为英美文学研究中的一个重要领域。对哥特文学的认真研究开始于20 世纪二三十年代, 到70 年代以后, 由于新的学术思潮和文学批评观念的影响, 该研究出现了前所未有而且日趋高涨的热潮。根据在国际互联网上的搜索, 到2000 年9月为止, 英美等国的学者除发表了大量关于哥特文学的论文外, 还至少出版专著达184部, 其中1970 年以后为126 部, 仅90 年代就达59 部, 几乎占总数的三分之一。当然,近年来哥特文学研究的状况不仅在于研究成果迅速增加, 更重要的是它在深度和广度方面都大为拓展, 并且把哥特传统同英美乃至欧洲的历史、社会、文化和文学的总体发展结合起来。

二、研究方案

1．研究的基本内容及预期的结果（大纲）

研究的基本内容:本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉•

勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。

预期的结果（大纲）: 1．A Survey of Gothic

1.1 Definition of Gothic

1.2 the Origin of Gothic Novels

1.2.1 Historical Reasons

1.2.1.1 Folklore in Germantic Nationality

1.2.1.2 Drama in the Renaissance

1.2.1.3 the Bible and Legends in Christianity

1.2.2 Development of the Novel Itself

1.2.2.1 Challenge of Romanticism to Rationalism

1.2.2.2 Sublime and Beautiful 2.Emily‟s Gothic Heritage

2.1 Theme

2.1.1 Good and Evil

2.1.2 Revenge

2.2 Characters Description

2.2.1 Villain-hero

2.2.2 Delicate Young Girl

2.3 Atmosphere, Environment and Plot

2.3.1 Terror

2.3.2 Mystery

2.3.3 Supernatural 3.Emily‟s Gothic Innovation

3.1 Combination of romanticism and Realism

3.1.1 Change of the Background

3.1.2 Use of Symbolism

3.1.3 Stream of Consciousness

3.1.4 Illusion and Subconsciousness

3.2.Description of Figure Emotion and Psychology Reference 2．拟采用的研究方法

主要有资料查找、理论探讨研究、阅读法 3.研究所需条件和可能存在的问题

研究所需条件：纸张、打印设备、图书馆、互联网上获取国内外文献资料；

可能存在的问题：(1)文献不足;

(2)由于个人的观点和能力，使对研究对象分析不够全面和深入。

三、研究进度安排、参考文献及审查意见 1．研究进度安排

（1）论文指导第一周（学期第八周）：学生完成初稿。

（2）论文指导第二周（学期第九周）：指导教师审阅论文初稿后发回修改。

（3）论文指导第三周（学期第十周）：学生交论文第二稿。（4）论文指导第四周（学期第十一周）：指导教师审阅第二稿并发回给学生进一步修改。（5）论文指导第五周（学期第十二周）：定稿

（6）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：交定稿的打印稿和电子文本。（7）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：本周星期五至论文指导第七周（学期第周）星期五，指导教师和评阅教师写评语，学生做好答辩准备。

（8）论文指导第七周（学期第十四周）：星期三至论文指导第八周（学期第十五周）开展答辩工作。

2.应收集资料及主要参考文献（不少于8条）

[1] Bronte, Charlotte.1907.Charlotte Bronte‟s preface to the second edition, Wuthering Heights.London: J.M.Dent Sons Ltd.p.20.[2] Gerin, Winifred.1971.Emily Bronte [M].New York: Oxford University Press.[3] Marie, Mulvey-Roberts.ed.1998.The handbook to gothic literature [A].New York: New York University Press.p.83.[4] Punter, David.1980.The Literature of Terror [M].London: Longman.p.6.[5] 方平.1993.希望在人间?论〈呼啸山庄〉(《呼啸山庄》译序)[M].上海译文出版社.第24页.[6] 盖斯凯尔夫人.2000.夏洛蒂•勃朗特传[M].张淑荣等译.北京: 团结出版社.第11?12页.[7] 肖明翰.2001.英美文学中的哥特传统[J].外国文学评论第3期.[8] 鲜于静.2003.神秘和怪诞的魅力??福克纳小说《八月之光》的哥特艺术研究[MA].中国学位论文全文库.Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science.From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence.Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies(DTS).DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective.Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community.Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation.The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator‟s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.The method of DTS is basically descriptive.The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned.Translation phenomena are noted down.With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice.I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS.“Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation.Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies.Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions.Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.2 Outline 2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS In this part I will describe Holms‟ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product.I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.2.2 Methodolgy I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria.Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.2.4 Case study In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions(also translated as The Story of The Stone)will be under investigation in light of DTS.Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.2.5 Conclusion Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation.Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)附录2-引文范例(仅供参考)“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods.Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)

„“噢，这就是恐水病吧？你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦？真够呛的！费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧！”‟（张南峰，1990：59-60）附录3-参考文献范例(仅供参考)Wilss, Wolfram.The Science of Translation ? Problems and Methods.Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.Newmark, Peter.A Textbook of Translation.New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.Delabastita, Dirk.Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies.Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.张南峰（译）.王尔德戏剧选.福州：海峡文艺出版社，1990.戴炜栋.构建具有中国特色的英语教学“一条龙”体系，外语教学与研究，2001（5）

附录4-封面范例(仅供参考)（中文）对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文 论品牌名称翻译的特殊性 专 业： 研究方向： 作 者： 导 师： 写作时间： ? 对外经济贸易大学 英语学院（英文）

School of International Studies University of International Business and Economics Pragmatic Strategies in Advertising: Implicatures Wang Ying A thesis submitted to School of International Studies of University of International Business and Economics In partial fulfillment of the requirement For the degree of Master of Arts April 2002 Beijing, China

第三篇：英语论文开题报告

在当下这个社会中，报告不再是罕见的东西，我们在写报告的时候要注意涵盖报告的基本要素。一起来参考报告是怎么写的吧，下面是小编帮大家整理的英语论文开题报告范文，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

论文题目：the Application and Innovation

一、选题的意义和研究现状

1.选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义

长时期以来，人们视艾米莉·勃朗特为英国文学中的“斯芬克斯”。关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜，许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究，得出了不同的结论，因而往往是旧谜刚解，新谜又出，解谜热潮似永无休止。

本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉，指出艾米莉勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统，同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力，将现实与超现实融为一体，给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力，达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一，使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”，又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”，从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。

2.与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况

二、研究方案

1.研究的基本内容及预期的结果（大纲）

研究的基本内容：本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉，指出艾米莉勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统，同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力，将现实与超现实融为一体，给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力，达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一，使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”，又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”，从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。

预期的结果（大纲）：

1.A Survey of Gothic

1.1Definition of Gothic

2Emily’s Gothic Heritage

2.1Theme

2.1.1Good and Evil

2.2Characters Description

2.2.1Villainhero

2.2.2Delicate Young Girl

2.3Atmosphere，Environment and Plot

2.3.1Terror

2.3.2Mystery

2.3.3Supernatural

3.Emily’s Gothic Innovation

3.1Combination of romanticism and Realism

3.1.1Change of the Background

3.1.3Stream of Consciousness

3.1.4Illusion and Subconsciousness

3.2.Description of Figure Emotion and Psychology

2.拟采用的研究方法 主要有资料查找、理论探讨研究、阅读法

3.研究所需条件和可能存在的问题

研究所需条件：纸张、打印设备、图书馆、互联网上获取国内外文献资料；可能存在的问题：

(1)文献不足。

(2)由于个人的观点和能力，使对研究对象分析不够全面和深入。

三、研究进度安排、参考文献及审查意见

1.研究进度安排

（1）论文指导第一周（学期第八周）：学生完成初稿。

（2）论文指导第二周（学期第九周）：指导教师审阅论文初稿后发回修改。

（3）论文指导第三周（学期第十周）：学生交论文第二稿。

（4）论文指导第四周（学期第十一周）：指导教师审阅第二稿并发回给学生进一步修改。

（5）论文指导第五周（学期第十二周）：定稿

（6）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：交定稿的打印稿和电子文本。

（7）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：本周星期五至论文指导第七周（学期第周）星期五，指导教师和评阅教师写评语，学生做好答辩准备。

（8）论文指导第七周（学期第十四周）：星期三至论文指导第八周（学期第十五周）开展答辩工作。

课题研究现状：

English idioms are an important part of the English vocabulary.The general tendencies of present-day English are towards more idiomatic usages.Halliday and Hason(1976)pointed out that there are three functions of English idioms(ideational function，interpersonal function and textual function).Another scholar，Fernando C.(1996)，also made valuable contributions to the understanding of idiomatic expression_r of coherent text，and in the creation of stylistic effects.Chinese linguists like Hu Zhuanglin(1994，1996)，Zhu Yongsheng(1995，1996，1997)and Zhang Delu(1994)mainly made contributions to the study of textual cohesion.课题研究目的：

This paper is firstly intended to define English idioms and analyze the features of them.It then explores the cohesive function after careful analysis and discussion，attempting to arouse the concern of using idioms appropriately and help readers make full use of the cohesive function for communicating more concisely and idiomatically，thus more effectively.课题研究内容：

As English idioms are much alive in everyday English，a close look at the function of idioms must be taken.This dissertation includes the following five aspects：

1.Introduction

2.A General Study of English Idioms

2.1The Definition of English Idioms

2.2Features of English Idioms

3.Cohesive Function of English Idioms

3.1Cohesion

3.2Functional Categories

3.3Cohesive Function of Relational Idioms

3.4Cohesive Function of Other Idioms

4.The Cohesive Function in Terms of Syntax And Pragmatics

4.1Syntactic Cohesion

4.2Pragmatic Function

5.Conclusion

课题研究计划：

January 22-March 10： question posing of the research and collection of materials March 11-March 25： analysis of the materials and writing of an outline

March 26-April 30： completion of the first draft and seeking supervisor’s advice May 1?June 10： refinement of the paper according to teacher’s suggestion

June 11—June 22： finalization of the thesis based on the set requirements after the defence

主要参考文献：

[1]Fernando，C.Idioms and Idiomaticity.Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press，2000

[2]Halliday，M.A.K.and R.Hason.Cohesion in English.Longman Press，1985

[3]Lakoff，G.and M.Johnson.Metaphors We Live By.University of Chicago Press，1980

[4]Makkai，A.Idiom Structure in English.The Hague Press,1972

一、选题来源、目的和意义：

本选题重在研究中西文化之间的差异以及这些差异对商务谈判的影响，最后得出商务谈判应该采用的'策略。

随着我国加入WTO，国际贸易和对外交往将日益频繁，国家与国家之间、企业与企业之间、个人与个人之间，由于存在经济利益的协调，无时无处不需要谈判。出口商和进口商要消除分歧，达成一项公平的相互之间满意的交易，大多是通过商务谈判才能做到的。因此与外界交往合作的主要方式——跨文化商务谈判在社会、政治、经济生活中的地位越来越重要。因此，和外商谈判打交道的时候，不要忽略一些看似微不足道的细节，那些都有可能是成败的关键。只有正确探悉、学习和熟悉不同国家的文化差异，意识到他们的重要性，才能更好地探讨商务谈判的策略，为最后谈判的成功奠定基础和提供理论依据。

二、课题的主要内容(项目概要)：

1.谈判与文化的综述

2.文化差异因素对国际商务谈判的影响

2.1语言和非语言差异的影响

2.2思维方式差异的影响

2.3价值观念差异的影响

3.应对商务谈判文化差异问题的对策

3.1树立跨文化的谈判意识

3.2谈判前做好充足的准备

3.3懂得谈判对方的语言

3.4对待文化问题应持有的态度

4.结尾

三、实施计划(设计工作的主要阶段、进度和完成时间等)：

11月11日毕业论文动员大会

11月12日—12月1日下达任务书

12月2日—12月31日确定论文题目

1月1日—1月31日进行文献资料的收集、筛选、做读书笔记。

2月1日—2月28日完成论文详细提纲，交指导老师修改，补充。

3月1日—3月30日进行毕业论文初稿写作。

4月1日—5月19日毕业论文修改。

5月20日—6月5日毕业论文定稿、装订、答辩。

四、参考文献：

<1>李信，《中西方文化比较概论》，航空工业出版社，2003.6

<2>李郁、张泳，浅谈国际商务谈判中的跨文化问题及对策[J]，商业研究，2004.7

<3>廖瑛，《外贸谈判英语》，对外经济贸易大学出版社，2004.2

<4>肖云南，《国际商务谈判》，清华大学和北方交通大学出版社，2003.5

<5>杨晶，《商务谈判》，清华大学出版社，2005.1

<6>姚立，《商务谈判—理论、实务、风格》，中国城市出版社，2003.3

<7>袁其刚，《国际商务谈判》，山东人民出版社，2003.2

【英语论文开题报告范文】相关文章：

1.英语论文开题报告

2.开题报告范文

3.教师开题报告范文

4.色彩论文开题报告

5.小课题开题报告

6.课题开题报告格式

7.关于护理专业的开题报告范文

8.有关物流专业论文开题报告范文

第四篇：英语论文开题报告

英语论文开题报告范文

我们眼下的社会，报告十分的.重要，其在写作上有一定的技巧。你还在对写报告感到一筹莫展吗？下面是小编收集整理的英语论文开题报告范文，希望对大家有所帮助。

the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).

dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.

第五篇：英语论文开题报告

英语论文开题报告

在日常生活和工作中，大家逐渐认识到报告的重要性，我们在写报告的时候要注意语言要准确、简洁。那么什么样的报告才是有效的呢？以下是小编收集整理的英语论文开题报告，欢迎阅读与收藏。

一、论文题目：classroom interaction and oral english teaching

二、研究现状：

三、研究的目的及意义：

通过对目前已经发展起来并比较成熟的几种互动模式的归纳来看：关于人际互动这种互动模式在目前的互动性研究中被单独研究还比较少，没有被当作一种独立的模式应用到英语口语课堂教学中，它更多的是被贯穿到其他几种互动模式当中。因此，本论题认为它还有进一步研究的空间。

四、研究的理论依据和研究方法：

本论题将以教育心理学的理论为基础，以互动理论和构建主义理论为依据，运用归纳总结的方法对已有的研究进行宏观上的概述，从而引出本文论题，通过例证分析、验证人际互动模式对课堂英语口语教学效果的提高所具有的重要意义。

the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).

dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.

摘要

中国一向是礼仪之邦，礼仪对每个中国人来说是非常重要的，无论是会见亲朋好友或者是在人与人的打交道上，都离不开礼仪。礼仪被认为是一个人道德修养的表现，一个人若毫无礼仪可言，那么他在学习或工作时都将不会很顺利，因为没有人愿意和这样一个人相处。 由于社交礼仪在我们的生活中扮演了越来越重要的角色，我在选课的时候就选修了社交礼仪这门课程。通过这一个学期的学习，我从老师那里学到了许多有关社交礼仪方面的知识，不仅拓宽了知识面，而且许多东西在我的日常生活和以后的工作中都有很大用处，比如商务礼仪。

如今随着世界经济的发展，特别是全球经济一体化的不断形成，各国间的联系加强，商务往来增多，如何才能在众多企业中脱颖而出，除了需要卓越的能力外，还要掌握有效沟通及妥善人际关系，建立良好优雅的企业形象，此时，商务礼仪便起到了一个十分重要的作用。商务礼仪顾名思义就是商务活动中对人的仪容仪表和言谈举止的普遍要求，体现了人与人之间的相互尊重，同时也约束了商务活动中的某些方面。而在商务往来中，任何一个表现都可能会导致意想不到的结果，也许是一块手表，也许是一顿晚餐。

学习了商务礼仪之后更加让我意识到了这一点。学习商务礼仪最主要的是可以提高个人的素养。比尔盖茨曾讲过，企业竞争，是员工素质的竞争，进而到企业，就是企业形象的竞争，教养体现细节，细节展示素质，可见一个人的素养高低对企业的发展是多么重要啊！其次是为了交际应酬，因为商务活动中毕竟是离不开这个的，在不同的交往活动中我们会遇到不同的人，而面对不同的人怎样进行交往也是一门艺术，如何让人感到舒服，却又没有拍马屁的嫌疑是非常关键的。最后便是有助于维护企业形象。在商务交往中，个人便代表了整体，个人的所作所为，一举一动，一言一行，就是企业的典型活体广告。

下面将从以下几点来对我所学习的知识进行总结：

一、礼仪概述

1交际与礼仪产生的历史背景

人类最早的礼仪活动也就是礼仪萌芽时期，可以追朔到原始社会， 当时的礼仪较为简单和虔诚且不具备阶级性，礼仪的内容包括；制定了明确血缘关系的婚嫁礼仪；区别部族内部尊卑等级的礼制；为祭天敬神的制定的一些祭奠仪式；制定一些人们在相互交往时表示礼节表示恭敬的动作。

礼仪形成的具体时期则是；夏、商、西周（公元前21世纪公元前771年）人类逐步进入奴隶社会，阶级开始形成，统治阶级为了巩固自己的统治地位把原始宗教礼仪发展成为符合奴隶社会政治需要的礼制。在这个阶段中国第一次形成了比较完整的国家礼仪与制度，随着生产力的发展，商业逐步开始出现，直到春秋战国时期，礼仪制度开始变革，礼仪范围扩大，商业在社会中逐步被认可，人们因为商务活动而进行的往来也逐步增多，并在商务活动中的交际中另外形成了一套礼仪制度商务礼仪。

到欧洲中世纪，工业革命的出现 使得生产力空前的发展，欧洲各国开始逐步入资本主义，商业占据了社会经济的主导地位，资本家大量聚集了社会财富，新贵由此族诞生，资本家之间的商务往来与交际范围开始扩大，贵族之间定期的聚会则成为了重要的交际方式之一，在交际中所产生的礼仪日渐完善，由此，商务礼仪也正式形成。部分内容沿用至今。 2礼仪的含义及种类

礼仪是规范自己、尊重他人的一种行为规范，是表现对他人尊重和理解的过程和手段。。礼仪中的礼字指的是尊重，尊重自己，尊重他人，而礼仪中的仪就是仪式，是一种尊重自己，尊重他人的表现形式。它是人际交往中必不可少的一种手过程，是塑造形像的手段，是人们生

活和社会交往中逐渐形成的行为规范和礼仪规范。

礼仪的种类分有多种，主要有以下大类：

1.古代礼仪。中国自古以来就是礼仪之邦，礼仪文明作为中国传统文化的一个重要组成部分，对中国社会历史发展起了广泛深远的影响，其内容是十分丰富的，很多古代礼仪文化到今天仍然有积极、普片意义的文明礼仪，如：尊老敬贤，仪尚适宜，礼貌待人，容仪有整。尊老敬贤，我国自原始社会就已经逐渐形成的礼仪，在古代社会，人际的政治伦理关系均以氏族、家庭的血缘关系为纽带，故此在家庭里面遵从祖上，在社会尊敬长辈，是古代礼仪的典型例子。而由于中国古代社会推崇礼治和仁政，敬贤已经成为一种历史的要求。孟子说：养老尊贤，俊杰在位，则有庆古代这种传统礼仪，对于形成有序和谐的伦理关系，不管过去和现代，都起着重要作用。仪尚适宜，，是指一些中国传统节日的各种特定的.礼俗和规定。每个诸如春节，元宵，中秋都有其各自的礼俗和讲究。在今天我们依然保持着这些优良传统，并且贵在适宜，如《二程集》中所说奢自文生，文过则奢，不足为俭，可见，仪式的规模在于得当，避免奢侈浪费。礼貌待人，是任何一个文明社会，任何一个文明民族都十分重视的。因为礼貌是人类社会构建起与他人和睦相处的桥梁，它标志这一个社会的文明程序，是中华民族文化的优良传统。容仪有整，是其修养、文明程度的表现。古人认为，容仪有整不仅是能够保持个人的尊严，还有助于进德修业。它反映出一个人的修养和生活态度。

2.礼仪的第二大类是社交礼仪。社交礼仪，顾名思义，就是指现代人际交往中流行的各种礼仪，如服务礼仪，商务礼仪，学校礼仪，职场工作礼仪等，它概括了在现代社交场合中各种礼仪行为。社交礼仪是指人们在人际交往过程中所具备的基本素质，交际能力等。社交在当今社会人际交往中发挥的作用愈显重要。通过社交，人们可以沟通心灵，建立深厚友谊，取得支持与帮助；通过社交，人们可以互通信息，共享资源，对取得事业成功大有获益。社交礼仪是指在人际交往和国际交往活动中，用于表示尊重、亲善和友好的首选行为规范和惯用形式。这一定义包含了以下几层意思：第一，社交礼仪是一种道德行为规范。规范就是规矩、章法、条条框框，也就是说社交礼仪是对人的行为进行约束的条条框框，告诉你要怎么做，不要怎么做。如你到老师办公室办事，进门前要先敲门，若不敲门就直接闯进去是失礼的。社交礼仪比起法律、纪律，其约束力要弱得多，违反社交礼仪规范，只能让别人产生厌恶[2]，别人不能对你进行制裁，为此，社交礼仪的约束要靠道德修养的自律。 第二，社交礼仪的直接目的是表示对他人的尊重。尊重是社交礼仪的本质。人都有被尊重的高级精神需要，当在社会交往活动过程中，按照社交礼仪的要求去做，就会使人获得尊重的满足，从而获得愉悦，由此达到人与人之间关系的和谐。 第三，社交礼仪的根本目的是为了维护社会正常的生活秩序。没有它，社会正常的生活秩序就会遭到破坏，在这方面，它和法律、纪律共同起作用，也正是因为这一目的，无论是资本主义社会还是社会主义社会都非常重视社交礼仪规范建设。 第四，社交礼仪要求在人际交往、社会交往活动中遵守。这是它的范围，超出这个范围，社交礼仪规范就不一定适用了

二、礼仪对未来职业生涯的影响分析

商务礼仪能展示企业的文明程度、管理风格和道德水准，塑造企业形象。良好的企业形象是企业的无形资产，无疑可以为企业带来直接的经济效益。一个人讲究礼仪，就会在众人面前树立良好的个人形象；一个组织的成员讲究礼仪，就会为自己的组织树立良好的形象，赢得公众的赞誉。现代市场竞争除了产品竞争外，更体现在形象竞争。一个良好信誉和形象的公司或企业，就容易获得社会各方的信任和支持，就可在激烈的市场竞争中处于不败之地。

一、选题来源、目的和意义：

本选题重在研究中西文化之间的差异以及这些差异对商务谈判的影响，最后得出商务谈判应该采用的策略。

随着我国加入WTO，国际贸易和对外交往将日益频繁，国家与国家之间、企业与企业之间、个人与个人之间，由于存在经济利益的协调，无时无处不需要谈判。出口商和进口商要消除分歧，达成一项公平的相互之间满意的交易，大多是通过商务谈判才能做到的。因此与外界交往合作的主要方式 —— 跨文化商务谈判在社会、政治、经济生活中的地位越来越重要。因此，和外商谈判打交道的时候，不要忽略一些看似微不足道的细节，那些都有可能是成败的关键。只有正确探悉、学习和熟悉不同国家的文化差异，意识到他们的重要性，才能更好地探讨商务谈判的策略，为最后谈判的成功奠定基础和提供理论依据。

二、课题的主要内容(项目概要)：

1.谈判与文化的综述

2.文化差异因素对国际商务谈判的影响

2.1 语言和非语言差异的影响

2.2 思维方式差异的影响

2.3 价值观念差异的影响

3.应对商务谈判文化差异问题的对策

3.1 树立跨文化的谈判意识

3.2 谈判前做好充足的准备

3.3 懂得谈判对方的语言

3.4 对待文化问题应持有的态度

4.结尾

三、实施计划(设计工作的主要阶段、进度和完成时间等)：

11月11日 毕业论文动员大会

11月12日-12月1日 下达任务书

12月 2日-12月31日 确定论文题目

1月1日—1月31日 进行文献资料的收集、筛选、做读书笔记。

2月1日—2月28日 完成论文详细提纲，交指导老师修改，补充。

3月1日—3月30日 进行毕业论文初稿写作。

4月1日—5月19日 毕业论文修改。

5月20日—6月5日 毕业论文定稿、装订、答辩。

四、参考文献：

<1>李信，《中西方文化比较概论》，航空工业出版社，20xx.6

<2>李郁、张泳，浅谈国际商务谈判中的跨文化问题及对策[J]，商业研究，20xx.7

<3>廖瑛，《外贸谈判英语》，对外经济贸易大学出版社，20xx.2

<4>肖云南，《国际商务谈判》，清华大学和北方交通大学出版社，20xx.5

<5>杨晶，《商务谈判》，清华大学出版社，20xx.1

<6>姚立，《商务谈判—理论、实务、风格》，中国城市出版社，20xx.3

<7>袁其刚，《国际商务谈判》，山东人民出版社，20xx.2