激励机制英文文献和中文翻译

第一篇：激励机制英文文献和中文翻译

How to Motivate Every Employee

---James·Cameron

Incentive is the core of human resource management.Production and management in the enterprise management, human resources is economic resources with a variety of thoughts, feelings, the most dynamic summation also love that economic resources, but also the soul of enterprise in this organism, therefore, human resources production and management resources than other more important resources, and decisions not only affect the production and operation of enterprises of other economic resources, the value and use, and the province is the enterprise strength of several important components of quality of human resources as a result of production and management in the enterprise economic resources of the status and role, so the effectiveness of corporate governance or the ultimate ideal to achieve the objective should be: every enterprise employees will be able to give top priority to the overall interests of enterprises and business goals , the interests of all willing to contribute their own.Employees of such a mental state of thinking and Normal under oath in order to reflect the difficult, but it is entrepreneurs, managers should be pursued and the ultimate challenge, it is necessary to approach such a state, only through an effective internal incentives.Therefore, the most important task of enterprise management is the human resources management.Traditional personnel management and labor is different from a modern human resources management performance of the main features of the “strategic” level:(one)at the strategic guiding ideology of modern human resource management is “people-oriented” management;(two)the strategic objectives modern human resources management in order to “obtain a competitive advantage,” the objectives of management;(three)the scope of the strategy, the modern human resources management is the “full participation in” democratic management;(four)measures in the strategy of modern human resources management is the use of “systematic scientific methods and human art” contingency management.And non-human resources management, compared to human resources management through the “incentives” to achieve, it is the core of human resources management.The so-called “incentive” to meet people from the multi-level and diversified needs of different employees and reward performance standards set value, a maximum staff to stimulate enthusiasm and creativity to achieve the objectives of the Organization.An enterprise of how the use of human resources is determined by many complex factors in the result of the coupling, but the role of management incentives is one of the most important factors.Unlike other non-human resources of the fundamental characteristics of human resources is that it attached to the staff and the existence of the human body, personal moment with the staff can not be separated, such other person or organization to use human resources, both by its natural all the people of “positive take the initiative ”can be achieved with.Therefore, human resources management can “people-oriented” and effectively to stimulate the enthusiasm of employees, to maximize the staff's initiative and creativity, has become the decision of the merits of enterprise production and management of key performance factors and human resources management business success core of the problem.Employee incentive measures.Incentives for the management of human resources management in particular, the importance of self-evident.Incentives can be adopted by all of, the enterprises need to attract them;also can make the most of the employees to perform their talents and wisdom;work so as to maintain the effectiveness and efficiency.Incentive not only to make employees feel at ease, and actively work to play it so staff recognition and acceptance of the enterprise goals

and values, the enterprise have a strong sense of belonging.According to the United States, Professor William James of Harvard University study, in the absence of incentive environment, the potential for staff to play out only a small part of that is 20%-30%, first-served basis just to keep their rice bowls;and in a good incentive mechanism for the environment, the same staff can play a potential 80%-90%, it can be seen, so that each employee is always a good incentive environment is the management of human resources development and the pursuit of the ideal state.So how do we inspire employees to effectively correct the times?

First,Adhere to people-centered, respect for human nature, and establish and implement the “employee-centric” management concept.“People-oriented, respect for humanity” as a modern management philosophy, emphasizing the ultimate goal of management-to improve the economic efficiency of enterprises on the people behind the management of behavior is no longer a cold cold command type, the compulsory type.But carrying out an incentive, trust, caring, emotional, manager of human nature embodies a high degree of understanding and attach importance to managers as employees can not be purely “economic man” in order to meet their survival needs and material interests of the management an opportunity to but to pay attention to the employees respect the spirit of self-actualization needs at higher level in order to provide creative work and encouraging personality to play to mobilize the enthusiasm of employees, in the equal exchange of lead and establish the concept of corporate management;the external control into self-control, so that each employee to form their own sense of corporate loyalty and a sense of responsibility, so that the value of employees to achieve personal and business survival and development into a passer-by, if the enterprises do not know how to be people-oriented, and lack of basic understanding of human nature and respect for , to the neglect of the personal value of human resources to enable employees to achieve long-term needs of the individual values can not be met or even depression, will not be able to retain the best talent, companies will lose competitiveness.Therefore, we must do the following:

Staff carry out regular surveys to understand the extent possible, a matter of concern to employees, especially those relevant to their work, and to win the support and loyalty of staff, and staff to guide the spirit of innovation, attract and retain employees, companies should strive to collect the following the desired information staff: the fairness of work;organizational learning;communication;degree of flexibility and concern;Customer Center;trust and delegation of authority;the effectiveness of management;job satisfaction, the adequacy of support, was placed in a suitable role , and whether or not to feel valuable.Focus on staff remuneration, benefits, working conditions, as well as flexible, to facilitate the preferential arrangements.Enterprises should change with the times, in addition to the traditional emphasis on staff remuneration, welfare and the improvement of working conditions but also the possibility of other incentives, such as the provision of day care;serving University;tuition grants;shorter working hours in summer;the implementation of employee stock option plan;set up a remote post office and so on.Second, the implementation of a comprehensive compensation strategy to motivate employees to fully.The so-called “comprehensive compensation strategy”, which means the company will pay the salaries of employees classified as “external” and “inherent” in two categories, a

combination of the two is the “full pay”, “external pay ”referring primarily to provide their employees with quantifiable monetary value, for example, the basic wage bonuses, stock options, pension, medical insurance and so on,“ internal pay ”refers to those provided to employees can not be quantified the performance of monetary value of various currencies.For example, work satisfaction, for the completion of its work to facilitate the provision of personal tools, training opportunities, attractive corporate culture, good interpersonal relations, coordination of the work environment, as well as individual recognition, appreciation and so on, external salaries and pay their own internal incentives have different functions.Their contact with each other, complement each other, constitute a complete system of remuneration, practice has proved that as a result of staff-to-business expectations and needs to be comprehensive, which includes not only material needs, but also spiritual needs, and thus the implementation of “full pay” strategy, is an effective model of staff motivation.Third,incentives should be fair, just and eliminate incentives for “big”.Fair and impartial is a fundamental principle of motivation.If you do not fair, improper Prize Award, improper punishment and punishment, not only can not receive the desired results, but will result in many negative consequences, it is necessary to impartial and incorruptible, regardless of affinity, regardless of distance, will be treated equally in order to promote the enthusiasm of the staff along the right direction virtuous circle, as proposed by the United States manage the academic award as the criteria.Only by doing so can enhance the cohesion and centripetal force.At the same time, incentives are clearly ancient times people believed in the basic management principles.In fact if the additional money as wages, as it is unrelated to individual performance and reward, employees feel they deserve it, rather than the result of the efforts, so that people can not be stimulated and motivated.Therefore, the smart managers should do everything possible to reward and recognize performance combine it with the cause of loyalty, dedication to the cause of the close combination of fact, the staff inside the imbalance is that they do good , there are dedicated, but work with people who do not receive the same treatment.This is often not satisfied with the staff and leadership reasons, incentives to companies linked to behavior and employee benefits, the higher the protection of personal value, the greater their income, and through incentives to create a fair competitive environment to increase the comparability of results, and promote up groups.To sum up, the management of enterprises in the use of incentives should be people-oriented, pay attention to and strengthen the strong spirit of enterprise and development of mining resources to improve the workers compensation which the degree of non-material rewards, in the determination and implementation of policies and work rules and regulations in, and strive to embody the principle of fair and equitable.Employees should not blindly encourage unrealistic earnings expectations increase, otherwise you will enable enterprises to individual workers or groups of incentives and constraints arising from the difficulties, the effectiveness of decline, more difficult.中文翻译：

如何激励每一位员工

---詹姆斯·卡梅隆

激励是人力资源管理的核心。

在企业生产经营管理中，人力资源是企业各种经济资源中具有思想、感情、最求和能动性的亦喜爱那个经济资源，也是企业这一有机体的灵魂，因此，人力资源是比其它生产经营资源更为重要的一项资源，它不仅影响和决定了企业其他生产经营经济资源的价值和使用状况，而且其本省就是企业实力几家质量的重要组成部分之一，由于人力资源在企业生产经营经济资源中的地位和作用，所以企业管理工作成效的极致或者说要达到的理想境界的目标应该是：企业内的每一个员工都能将企业的整体利益放在首位，并为企业的目标、利益甘愿贡献自己的一切。职工的这样一种思想和精神状态在宣誓中师很难以体现的，但却是企业家、管理者孜孜以求和所要挑战的极限，要趋近这样的一种状态，只有通过企业内部的有效激励。因此，企业管理工作的重中之重是人力资源管理。与传统劳动人事管理不同，现代人力资源管理的主要特征表现在“战略性”层面上：（1）在战略指导思想上，现代人力资源管理是“以人为本”的管理；（2）在战略目标上，现代人力资源管理是为了“获取竞争优势”的目标管理；（3）在战略范围上，现代人力资源管理是“全员参加”的民主管理；（4）在战略措施上，现代人力资源管理是运用“系统化科学方法和人文艺术”的权变管理。与非人力资源管理相比较，人力资源管理是通过“激励”来实现的，它是人力资源管理的核心。所谓“激励”，就是从满足人的多层次、多元化需要出发，针对不同员工设定绩效标准和奖励值，一最大限度地激发员工工作积极性和创造性去实现组织的目标。一个企业的人力资源利用效果如何，是由许多复杂因素耦合作用的结果，但其中管理的激励作用是最重要的因素之一。

人力资源不同于其他非人力资源的根本特征就是，它依附于员工的人体而存在，与员工个人须臾不可分离，其他人或组织要使用人力资源，都要经由它的天然所有这个人的“积极主动”配合才能实现。因此，人力资源管理工作能否“以人为本”，有效激发员工的积极性，最大限度地发挥员工的主观能动性和创造性，就成为决定企业生产经营绩效优劣的关键因素和企业人力资源管理成功与否的核心问题。

企业员工激励的措施。

激励对管理特别是人力资源管理的重要性自不待言。通过激励能把所有才能的、本企业所需要的人吸引过来；也可以使本企业员工最充分地发挥其才能和智慧；从而保持所从事工作的有效性和高效率。激励不仅在于能使职工安心，积极地工作，它还发挥使职工认同和接受本企业的目标和价值观，对企业产生强烈的归属感。据美国哈佛大学的教授威廉·詹姆士研究，在缺乏激励的环境中，人员的潜力只发挥出了一小部分，即20%—30%，刚刚能保住饭碗即止；而在良好的激励机制环境中，同样的人员即可发挥出潜力的80%—90%，由此可见，使每位员工始终处于良好的激励环境中是人力资源开发和管理所追求的理想状态。那么，如何才能正确有效地激发员工的时期呢？ 首先、坚持以人为本，尊重人性，树立并贯彻“以员工为中心”的管理观念。

“以人为本，尊重人性”作为现代管理理念，强调把管理的最终目的——提高企业经济效益放在人的背后，管理行为不再是冰冷冷的命令型、强制型。而是贯彻着激励、信任、关心、情感，体现着管理者对人性的高度理解和重视，管理者不能把员工视为单纯的“经济人”，以满足其生存需要

和物质利益作为管理契机，而是要注重员工的尊重，自我实现等高层次精神需求，以提供创造性的工作，鼓励个性的发挥来调动员工的积极性，在平等的引导和交流中，建立起企业的经营理念；将外部控制转化为自我控制，使每个员工自发地形成对企业的忠诚感和责任感，进而使员工的个人价值实现和企业的生存发展归为一途，如果企业不懂得以人为本，对人性缺乏基本的了解和尊重，忽视了人才的个人价值，使员工实现个人价值的需求长期得不到满足甚至压抑，就无法留住最好的人才，企业也将因此失去竞争力。为此，必须做到以下几点：

经常开展员工调查，尽可能了解员工所关心的事，尤其是与其工作相关的事，以赢得员工的支持和忠诚，并可引导员工的创新精神，吸引并留住员工，企业应致力于收集以下员工所期望的信息：工作中的公平性；组织学习；沟通；灵活性和关心度；顾客中心；信任和授权；管理的有效性；工作满意程度，被支持的充分性，被安置角色的合适性，是否感觉到有价值。

着力于员工报酬、福利、工作条件的改善以及灵活、便利性的优惠安排。企业应随着时代的变化，除了注重传统意义上的员工报酬、福利和工作条件的改善以外，还可以实施其他的优惠措施，如提供日托；在职大学学习；学费补助；缩短夏季工作时间；实施员工股票期权计划；设置远程办公岗位等等。

其次、实施全面薪酬战略，给员工以充分的激励。

所谓“全面薪酬战略”，即公司将支付给员工的薪酬分为“外在”和“内在”的两大类，两者的结合即为“全面薪酬”，“外在的薪酬”主要指为员工提供可量化的货币性价值，比如，基本工资奖金、股票期权、退休金、医疗保险等等，“内在的薪酬”则是指那些给员工提供的不能以量化的货币形式表现的各种货币价值。比如，对工作的满意度，为完成工作而提供个人便利工具，培训的机会，吸引人的公司文化，良好的人际关系，相互配合的工作环境，以及公司对个人的表彰、谢意等，外在的薪酬和内在的薪酬各自具有不同的激励功能。它们互相联系，互为补充，构成完整的薪酬体系，实践证明，由于员工对企业的期望和需求是全面的，其中既包括物质需求，又包括精神需求，因而实施“全面薪酬”战略，是员工激励的有效模式。

第三、奖励应公平、公正、杜绝奖励“大锅饭”

公平公正是激励一个基本原则。如果不公平公正，奖不当奖，罚不当罚，不仅收不到预期的效果，反而会造成许多消极后果，要铁面无私，不论亲疏，不分远近，一视同仁，以促进员工的积极性沿着好的方向良性循环，就像美国管理学界提出的奖励准则那样。只有这样做，才能增强企业的凝聚力和向心力。同时，奖励分明是从古至今人们所信奉的基本管理原则。如果把奖金当成实际上的附加工资，当成是与个人表现无关的报酬，员工就觉得这是他们应得的，而不是努力的结果，这样就不能激人上进。因此，聪明的管理者应尽一切可能把报酬和绩效表彰结合起来，把它与对事业的忠诚，对事业的奉献紧密结合起来，实际上，员工内心最不平衡的事是，自己干得好，有奉献，却与不干活的人待遇一样。这也常是员工与领导不满意的原因，要把公司奖励行为与员工利益挂钩，保障个人创造价值越高，其收益越大，并通过奖励创造公平的竞争环境，增加成绩的可比性，促进群体向上。

综上所述，企业在使用激励管理时，应以人为本，注重和强化企业内部精神极力资源的挖掘和开发，提高职工报酬当中非物质报酬的程度，在判定和落实各项政策和规章制度的工作中，力求体现公平和公正性原则。不宜盲目地助长员工预期目标收益不切实际地增加，否则就会使企业对职工个体或群体的激励措施产生困难和制约，有效性下降，难度增加。

第二篇：中文翻译英文012.12.30

1.hanfanying

2.许多人离开家去找食物 Many people lefts their homes to go in search of food

3.她与2000年毕业不久成为了一名老师She graduated in 2000 and before long she became a teacher

4.他走到人群的面前He made hies way to the crowd

5.她张贴出一张有关学校组织去法国旅游的布告 She put up a notice about the school trip to France

6.她去牛津上大学的消息简直好得令人无法相信 The news that she went to Oxford University is too good the true

1.上大学时他们相遇并相爱了They met and fell in love at allege

2.我不知道他为什么不喜欢他的女婿I don’t know why he doesn’t like his son-in-law

3.我很荣幸你们请我在大会上讲话I am flattered that you asked me to speak at the meeting

4.这会时一个乞丐眼成为一个百万富翁This will make a beggar a millionaire in a minute

1.他们的婚礼将在教堂举行Their marriage ceremony will be performed in the church

2.冰淇淋经常用作正餐之后的一种甜点Ice cream is usually served as dessert after the main course

3.士兵们装扮成了普通老板姓The soldiers disguised themselves as ordinary people

4.公共汽车太挤了我几乎赚不过身来The bus so full chat i could hardly turn around

5.这个气球是有帆布制成的形状像个猴子The balloon is made of canvas and it’s shape like monkey

1.在一个朋友家小住几天给他写一封感谢信是礼貌的做法It is polite to write a thank-you letter after staying for a few days with a friend

2.她把手指放在嘴唇前示意大家安静下来She put her finger to her lips a sign to be quite

3.他们每年可以享受30天的带薪年假They can enjoy a 30 day paid holiday every year

4.当我告诉他你要来她先的很惊讶She expressed when i toldher you were coming

5.恰恰相反许多学生更加珍惜课外与老师之间的交流On the contrary many student appreciate all the more communication with their teacher out of class

1.他们已把儿子抚养长大能自食其力了They have brought up their to sand on their own feet

2.我们请专家来担任政府顾问Experts were brought in to advise the government

3.因为这场大雨我们只好把野营推迟了We had to put off the camping as a result of the heavy rain

4.煤可以转化为煤气Coal can be converted to gas

5.这是语法练习的答案This is the key to the grammar exercises

1.他在购买服装上花了很多钱She sends a lot of money on clothes

2.计算机在办公室中起到重要作用 computers play an important role in office work

3.努力工作可以达到成功hard work leads to success

4.他们投身于我国的西部大开发they devote themselves to the development of the western part of our country

5.简参加多项学校活动jane takes part in many school activities

1.各组人民都沉在节日的气氛之中different varieties of people are in festival atmosphere

2.除非马上还清欠款否则我和你打官司i’ll take you to court unless you pay up immediately

3.我没有注意到周围的事物i was not aware of my surroundings

1.她偶尔不得不吃安眠药occasionally she had to take sleeping pills

2.这本字典的新版本还未发行the new version of this dictionary is not in use yet

3.承蒙足下推荐我已获得这份工作i got the job thanks to recommendation

4.她终于嫁给了最执着追求的她的人she eventually married the most persistent one of her admirers

5.她能很快记住许多资料she can memorize facts very quickly

1.我仍然坚持我的观点i still insist on my viewpoint

2.到时候我们会人通知你we will inform you in due course

3.我们既不打篮球也不打排球we are going play neither basketball nor volleyball

4.我总是开着窗户睡觉除非天气非常冷菜关上窗户i always keep the window open when i sleep unless it is very cold

5.你或是你的父亲今天必须见这位年轻人either you or your father must see this young man today

Yingfahan

1.before long she was disappointed and unable to find a job so she took to the streets to do everything she could to earn money不久他没有找到工作使他很失望因此流露街头尽可能维持生计

2.The mother having heard of her daughter’s whereabouts went to the poor parts of the city in search of her daughter 妈妈听到有女儿的消息后妈妈赶往贫穷的城市寻找女儿

3.Concerned for her mother’s safety the young woman ran to the bedroom and shook her mother awake and said it’s me 他考虑到妈妈的安全跑到了卧室摇醒了妈妈说是我是我4.In the eyes of Americans Thanksgiving Day is an important festival just next to Christmas

5.It dates back to the arrival of some of the first European settlers in the New world who survived their first cold winter with the help of their native Indian neighbors那些早期的移民在印度安人的帮助下他们在那里度过了第一个寒冬

6.Many days before the festival shops supermarkets and restaurants decorate their show windows with colorful lights and exhibits and promise great discounts 在节日的前几天商店超市和饭店五彩缤纷的灯和美不胜收的展品装饰橱窗还说要降价

7.The lonely old folks could enjoy temporary happiness while they joined the celebration activities 当孤寡老人参加庆祝活动时获得短暂愉快

8.He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and produce it more quickly他认为人们吃饭的关键有更多的大米和更快的生产

9.Which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants它可以给更高的收益率比原先任何植物

10.As a result of yuan long ping’s discovery Chinese discovery Chinese rice production rose by 45.5%in the 1900s由于袁隆平的发现中国的水稻产量咋20世纪90年代增长了45.5%

11.But if you probe a little deeper you will find that personal circumstances and a better quality of lite are the two most compelling factors driving people away from their offices如果你再深入研究你会发现个人的境况和更好的生活质量是促使人们离开办公室的两个最值得关注的原因

12.On an overcrowded tube i was commuters were being pushed around tempers were being fraved and a few people were crying 我在拥挤的地铁里上下班的人推推挤挤有些人发脾气有些人呼喊

13.As a Chinese learn of english your problems when it comes to writing probably have to do with organization of content and basic sentence structure对学习英语的中国人来说写作时你会遇到内容组织和基本句子结构等一些问题

14.In that case you work in a specific field with specific challenges that may not be covered in this course你在一个特殊的环境里工作有特定的写作挑战二我们的课程不可能满足所有学生的要求

15.You will then save the new version and carry on with occasional editing and improving每次编辑环节之后你的文本会有所改进你应该保存这些新版本并继续不时的编辑和改进

16.Of course you will have to allow yourself some time to put what you have learned into practice and practice eventually makes you perfect 当然你你不得不把你自己学到的东西运用实践最终你使你自己更完美

17.If you say the word communication most people think of work and sentences 说起交流大多数人想到单词和句子

18.Although these are very important we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.indeed body positions are part of what we call body language虽然这些单词和句子很重要但我们并不只是用口语和书面语交流身势语是我们说话的一部分

19.We see examples of unconscious body language very often yet there is also learned body language which varies

from culture to culture我们经常看到无意识的身势语但也有习得的身势语习得的身势语在不同的文化中各不相同 20.The internet chat room is a new and popular forum in which people meet new friends from around the word stories of chatters falling in love are very common 网络聊天室是一个新的流行的论坛，使人们认识新朋友来自世界各地的故事，也爱是很常见的21.However some experts say chat chatting can be addictive and they point out that problem lies in the chatters然而一些专家说聊天可能上瘾，他们指出问题在于聊天者本人

第三篇：英文文献

民营企业文化建设研究

本文转自浅论天下

民营企业是我国经济建设中的重要力量。但许多民营企业经营管理上存在一个共同的问题，即忽视企业文化建设，缺乏优秀的企业文化。21世纪的企业竞争将突出地体现在企业文化力的竞争上，企业文化管理将是继经验管理和科学管理之后的一种新的管理方式。在文化管理日益受到重视的今天，民营企业必须加强企业文化建设，以此改善经营管理，为企业的发展提供持久的内在动力。民营企业文化的发展有一个历史的过程，形成了民营企业文化多样的特征。本文总结了民营企业文化建设的现状，对目前民营企业文化建设存在的误区进行了详细分析。在此基础上，本文提出了民营企业文化建设的指导原则、方向、方法和相应措施，并对如何培育有特色的民营企业文化提出了相应的对策。最后，以正泰集团为例，进行了民营企业文化建设的案例分析。

Private-owned enterprises are very important force in our country“s economic construction.However, there is a common issue existing in many private-owned enterprises in their business administration that is they neglect the enterprise culture construction and lack of excellent enterprise culture.The competitions of enterprise in 21st century will highlight in competition of culture strength.The enterprise culture management will become a new management way after the management way of experience and science.The private-owned enterprises must strengthen culture construction so as to improve business administration and provide permanent internal impetus for the development of enterprises.The development of the private-owned enterprise”s culture has a historical process and forms a diversiform character.The article sums up the actuality of the Private-owned enterprise“s culture construction and provides detailed analysis for mistakes in the private-owned enterprise”s culture construction at present.On the basis of it, the article put forwards the instructional principia, direction, method and corresponding measure for the private-owned enterprise“s culture construction and provides the corresponding suggestion for how to develop the private-owned enterprise”s culture that has distinguished features.According to the case of Zhengtai Company, this article also gives empirical analysis of the enterprise culture construction.本文转自浅论天下

第四篇：AE滤镜英文-中文翻译

一.3D Channel 三维通道

1.3D Channel Extract 提取三维通道 2.Depth Matte 深度蒙版 3.Depth of Field 场深度 4.Fog 3D 雾化 5.ID matte ID蒙版

二.Audio 音频 1.Backwards 倒播

2.Bass/Treble 低音和高音 3.Delay 延迟

4.Flange/Chorus 变调和合声 5.High-Low Pass 高低音过滤 6.Modulator 调节器

7.Parametric EQ EQ参数 8.Reverb 回声

9.Stereo Mixer 立体声混合 10.Tone 音质

三.Blur/Sharpen 模糊与锐化 1.Box Blur 方形模糊 2.Channel Blur 通道模糊 3.Compound Blur 混合模糊 4.Directional Blur 方向模糊 5.Fast Blur 快速模糊 6.Gaussian Blur 高斯模糊 7.Lens Blur 镜头模糊 8.Radial Blur 径向模糊

9.Reduce Interlace Flicker 减少交错闪烁(与高斯模糊相似)10.Sharpen 锐化

11.Smart Blur(没什么效果的模糊效果)12.Unsharp Mask 反遮罩锐化

四.Channel 通道

1.Alpha Levels Alpha色阶 2.Arithmetic 运算 3.Blend 混合

4.Calculations 计算

5.Channel Combiner 通道组合 6.Compound Arithmetic 复合计算 7.Invert 反相

8.Minimax 扩亮扩暗

9.Remove Color Matting 删除蒙版颜色 10.Set Channels 设置通道 11.Set Matte 设置蒙版

12.Shift Channels 转换通道 13.Solid Composite 实色合成

五.Color Correction 颜色修正 1.Auto Color 自动颜色

2.Auto Contrast 自动对比度 3.Auto Levels 自动色阶

4.Brightness/Contrast 亮度和对比度 5.Broadcast Colors 广播级颜色 6.Change Color 转换色彩

7.Change to Color 定向转换色彩 8.Channel Mixer 通道混合 9.Color Balance 色彩平衡

10.Color Balance(HLS)色彩平衡HLS 11.Color Link 色彩链接

12.Color Stabilizer 色彩稳定器 13.Colorama 彩光 14.Curves 曲线 15.Equalize 均衡 16.Exposure 暴光

17.Gamma/Pedestal/Gain 伽马/基色/增益 18.Hue/Saturation 色调/饱合度 19.Leave Color 保留颜色 20.Levels 色阶

21.Levels(Individual Controls)色阶(个别控制)22.Photo Filter 图片过滤 23.PS Arbitrary Map 映象

24.Shadow/Highlight 阴影/亮光 25.Tint 色彩

六.Distort 扭曲

1.Bezier Warp 贝塞尔曲线弯曲 2.Bulge 凹凸镜

3.Corner Pin 边角定位 4.Displacenent Map 置换 5.Liquify 液化 6.Magnify 放大

7.Mesh Warp 网格变形 8.Mirror 镜像 9.Offset 位移

10.Optics Compensation 镜头变形 11.Polar Coordinates 极坐标转换 12.Reshape 形变 13.Ripple 波纹 14.Smear 涂抹 15.Spherize 球面化 16.Transform 变换

17.Turbulent Displace 剧烈置换 18.Twirl 扭转 19.Warp 弯曲

20.Wave Warp 波浪变形

七.Expression Controls 表达式控制 1.Angle Control 角度控制

2.Checkbox Control 检验盒控制 3.Color Control 色彩控制 4.Layer Control 层控制 5.Point Control 点控制 6.Slider Control 游标控制

八.Generate 产生(以前叫渲染)1.4-Color Gradient 四色渐变 2.Advanced Lightning 高级闪电 3.Audio Spectrum 声谱 4.Audio Waveform 声波 5.Beam 光束

6.Cell Pattern 单元图案 7.Checkerboard 棋盘格 8.Circle 圆形 9.Ellipse 椭圆

10.Eyedropper Fill 滴管填充 11.Fill 填充 12.Fractal 分形 13.Grid 网格

14.Lens Flare 镜头光晕 15.Lightning 闪电

16.Paint Bucket 油漆桶 17.Radio Waves 电波 18.Ramp 渐变 19.Scribble 涂写 20.Stroke 描边 21.Vegas 勾画

22.Write-on 书写(有遮罩的功能)

九.Keying 键控

1.Color Difference Key 色彩差异键控< 2.Color Key 色彩键控 3.Color Range 色彩范围 4.Difference Matte 差异蒙版 5.Extract 提取

6.Inner/Outer Key 轮廓键控

7.Linear Color Key 线性色彩键控 8.Luma Color Key 亮度键控 9.Spill Suppressor 溢色抑制

十.Matte 蒙版工具

1.Matte Choker 蒙版清除 2.Simple Choker 简单清除

十一.Noise/Grain 杂色/噪点 1.Add Grain 添加颗粒

2.Dust/Scratches 蒙尘与划痕 3.Fractal Noise 分形噪波 4.Match Grain 匹配噪点 5.Median 中值 6.Noise 杂色

7.Noise Alpha Alpha杂色 8.Noise HLS HLS杂色

9.Noise HLS Auto 自动HLS杂色 10.Remove Grain 清除噪点

十二.Paint绘画 1.Paint 绘画

2.Vector Paint 矢量绘画

十三.Perspective 透视 1.3D Glasses 3D视觉 2.Basic 3D 基础三维 3.Bevel Alpha Alpha导角 4.Bevel Edges 边缘导角 5.Drop Shadow 投影

6.Radial Shadow 径向投影

十四.Simulation 仿真 1.Card Dance 卡片动画 2.Caustics 腐蚀 3.Foam 水泡

4.Particle Playground 粒子游乐场 5.Shatter 爆碎

6.Wave World 水波 十五.Stylize 风格化

1.Brush Strokes 画笔描边 2.Color Emboss 彩色浮雕 3.Emboss 浮雕

4.Find Edges 查找边缘 5.Glow 辉光 6.Mosaic 马赛克

7.Motion Tile 运动拼贴

8.Posterize 多色调(相当有16位色32位色)9.Roughen Edges 粗糙边缘 10.Scatter 扩散

11.Strobe Light 闪光灯 12.Texturize 纹理化 13.Threshold 阈值

十六.Text 文字

1.Basic Text 基本文字 2.Numbers 数字

3.Path Text 路径文字 4.Timecode 时间代码

十七.Time 时间 1.Echo 重影

2.Posterize Time 招贴画 3.Time Difference 时间差异 4.Time Displacement 时间置换 5.Timewarp 时间扭曲

十八.Transition 切换

1.Block Dissolve 块面溶解 2.Card Wipe 卡片擦拭 3.Gradient Wipe 渐变擦拭 4.Iris Wipe 星形擦拭 5.Linear Wipe 线性擦拭 6.Radial Wipe 径向擦拭 7.Venetian Blinds 百叶窗

十九.Utility 效用 1.Cineon Converter 2.Color Profile Converter 3.Grow Bounds 4.HDR Compander 5.HDR Highlight Compression

第五篇：英文采访稿(附中文翻译)

STUDENT NUMBER: A12120272 NAME: Shilei CLASS: English 1202

Inorder to find out what the life it was in the past in China, I intervewed a grangpa in our shool’s little park, who is at about his 60s.Q(Question): Hello, nice to meet you.Thank you for accepting my interview.A(Answer): Nice to meet you too.Q: Em, you look like about at 60s, right? Would you like to tell me when people mostly used bikes? A:Yeah, I was born in 1953 and I’m 61years old now.Actually, you know China was been named of “The Kingdom of Bicycle” in the past.I remember my grandpa told me that bicycle was introduced in China in the late 19th century.Then in 1960s, 1970s, when I was a young man, bicycle along with sewing machine and watch became the necessary three-major-items of marriage.Bicycle became really popular in the 1980s, it was the most important and most universal vehicle at that moment, the famous brands included “Yong jiu”, “Fenghuang”, “Feige”.The flow of thousands of bicycles during the rush hour was extremly awesome which made China became “The Kingdom of Bicycle”.You might cannot realize that kind of feeling, but you have to know who had a bicycle at that time woule be jealous by others, especially our young guys.Q: But a bicycle must be very expensive at that time, right? A: Certainly!One bicycle costed about 200 yuanat that time while people’s salary just a few dozen yuan.It’s very precious.Q: Em, what about bus? When buses appeared? And how the buses of today compare with the buses when you were young? A: Haerbin’s buses were developed in the 1950s.When I was young , buses in Haerbin were still not widespread, just several bus-lines were operated.What’s more, the buses’ environment and situation were not very well when compared with the buses of today.Q: Well, I got it.How life was in your 20s’, 30s’, and 40s’? And every day life how it changed when you grew older? A: In my 20s’ , what I remember most was that you had to take the tickets or certificates to buy all the things you wanted and needed , and the number of those stuff was fixed by government, so you couldn’t buy a lot even you had money.Like the liquor, you had to buy it in state-run stores with certificate.If you wanted more, you might suppose to borrow the certificate from other family which was begrudge to buy the liquor , for the numeber of liquor was limited.And later, the individual business appeared and became more and more, so you could buy anything with money in stores.Since followed the policy of reform and opening, our daily lives became more and more colorful.Q: Do you rememberhow life changed when tall building were built? A：Em...In fact, the tall building didn’t bring much impact on our lives.At the beginning, we might feel shocked or wondering, but later we gradually accustomed to it.You can see, there are tall building everywhere nowadays.Q: What do you miss about the old days and what you do not miss? A: What I miss...May be the simplicity and kindness of those people, besides, at that time, they worked harder and braver.But I enjoy the high life quality of today, comprehensive health care system, varieties of entertainments, convenient public transit, etc.You know, the life in the old days is difficult.A: Yeah, sure it is.Alright then, thank to your narration, I know more details about the life in the old days, thank you!Q：It’s my pleasure!为了了解过去中国的生活是什么样的，我在学校的小公园里采访了一位60多岁的老爷爷。

问：您好，很高兴见到您，谢谢您能够接受我的采访。

答：认识你也很高兴。

问：你看起来大概60岁左右对吗？您能不能跟我讲一下人们用自行车最多是在什么时候呢？ 答：当然。我出生于1953年，今年都61岁了。事实上，中国在过去被称为“自行车王国”呢。我记得我的姥爷告诉我自行车是在19世纪后期引进中国的。在六、七十年代，那时候我还年轻，自行车和缝纫机、手表是年轻人结婚必备的“三大件”。自行车真正流行起来是在80年代，那个时候自行车是最重要、最普遍的交通工具，出名的牌子有“永久”、“凤凰”、“飞鸽”。那个时候上下班高峰期自行车流非常壮观，中国也因此被称为“自行车王国”。你们现在可能体会不到那种感觉，但是在那个时候拥有一辆自行车是让人非常羡慕嫉妒的，特别是我们年轻人。

问：但是那个时候一辆自行车肯定很贵对吧？

答：那是肯定的！一辆自行车要200块钱左右，而那个时候人们的工资只有十几、几十块。所以自行车很珍贵。

问：嗯，那公交车呢，公交车什么时候出现？今天的公交车跟你们年轻时候的比起来又怎么样呢？

答：哈尔滨的公交应该是在50年代发展起来吧。我年轻的时候，公交还不是很普及，只有几条线路投入运行。而且，公交车的环境和状况跟如今的比起来都很差。

问：嗯，那您20岁、30岁、40岁的时候生活是怎样的呢?随着您的年长，日常生活有哪些变化呢？

答：我20岁的时候，印象最深刻的是你买任何东西都需要票或者证。因为所有东西的数量是有国家按人口规定好的，所以即使你有钱你也买不了很多。像酒，你要拿着证去供销社买。如果你还想要的话，你就要借其他人的证去买。因为每家酒的数量是一定的，但是有的人家舍不得买。后来个体商户出现了而且越来越多，就可以拿钱买任何想要的东西。自从改革开放政策的实行，我们的生活变得越来越丰富多彩。

问：您能给我讲讲当高楼大厦建起来的时候生活发生了哪些改变吗？

答：嗯....事实上，高楼大厦并没有给我们的生活带来很大影响。刚开始，我们看到可能会感叹会迷惑，但是后来慢慢就习惯了。你看现在到处都是高楼林立。

问：那对于过去的日子有哪些是您非常怀念的，哪些是不怎么怀念的呢？

答：嗯....要说怀念的话，应该是怀念过去人们的淳朴善良吧，而且那时候人们也更加勤劳勇敢。但是我更享受现在的高品质生活，完善的医疗体系，多样的娱乐活动，便利的公共交通等等，这些都是过去不能比的。你要知道过去的生活很艰苦。

问：是的，肯定比现在要苦。好的，非常感谢您抽出时间接受采访，通过您的讲述我对以前的生活知道了更多细节，谢谢！

答：不用谢，很高兴能帮到你。