四级阅读练习2010（写写帮整理）

第一篇：四级阅读练习2010（写写帮整理）

四级阅读练习

Passage 1.Though some people have suggested that women should return to housework in order to leave more jobs for men, the idea has been rejected by both women and men in public opinion polls.Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women are employed in type of work more suitable for men and that women should step aside to make way for unemployed young men.They argue that women — especially women in their childbearing years actually delay economic development and result in lower productivity, poor quality and inefficiency.To solve the problem, they have suggested that the working women stay at home while their husbands or brothers were given double wages.They argue that under these circumstances, families would retain their same level of income, and women could run the house and raise children much better.The suggestion has been rejected by 9 out of 10 people polled.A hundred persons in a big city were questioned last summer.Out of 50 women, 46 said they were unwilling to leave their jobs, no matter what the situation was.The other 4 said they would like to return home if their jobs could be taken by their sons or daughters.Of 50 men polled, only 6 said they would like to see their wives give up their jobs, if it meant higher wages for themselves.Some other people have suggested another way called “phased employment theory”.The theory suggests that a woman worker take leave from her job when she is seven months pregnant and stay off the job until her baby reaches the age of 3.It suggests that women on leave receive 75 percent of their normal salary and be allowed to return to work after the 3-year period.This will benefit children, women, their families and the society.Some of those polled, both women and men, felt the idea is a good one.It definitely seems to be more acceptable than the suggestion that women return to home forever.1.Some union officials have suggested that women should return home because _____.A.all of them are employed in unsuitable types of work

B.most skilled male workers are now unemployed

C.their participation in work has a had influence on the economic development

D.nowadays no one can take care of children except women

2.Some union officials have suggested that if women resign their jobs, _____.A.they should be allowed to attend school to be trained

B.their jobs should be taken over by the male members of their families

C.the male employees in their families should receive double wages

D.their children should also leave their kindergartens

3.According to the passage, the suggestion that women should return to housework was ____.A.opposed by most men and womenB.welcomed by men only

C.welcomed by women onlyD.welcomed by men and women

4.From the passage we can see“ phased employment” means _____.A.two or more women share the same job

B.women stay at home on weekdays and go to work on weekends or holidays

C.a woman should resign her job forever if she has a child

D.women are allowed to take leave from their jobs during their childbearing years

5.According to the“ phased employment” theory, during a woman's leave from her job ___.A.her work should be done by her husband or brothers

B.either her husband or her brothers will be given double wages

C.her family can still keep the same level of income

D.her family's income level will be a little lower than it normally is

Passage2

Is teaching important? Well, of course it is.There was a time when the necessary knowledge could be taught to the young by family members.But as societies became more complex and division of labor more common, it was impossible for family members to teach the information and skills young people needed to become useful members of the society.As the need for specialists appeared, the job of teaching came into being in our county, and teaching as a job has been of increasing importance over the past hundred years.Today, we have strict rules for teachers.We hope all children can attend schools.Many things tell us that teaching is indeed an “ important” job.In recent years, there has been an increasing need for teachers to be “responsible”.This means that the public expects teachers to succeed in teaching important information to the young.Teachers‟ salaries today, while not much, certainly are much higher than they were in past year.These increases have come about because people have realized that without enough salaries, people who have abilities will not become teachers.Today almost no one says that “ anybody will do ” for a teacher.The public expects“ quality people ”to teach the young, and progress is being made to give salaries that will make people who have abilities become teachers.1.Before the job of teaching came into being, _____.A.family members had been responsible for the education of the young

B.specialists had been in charge of teaching young people

C.young people had had to be self--educated

D.the society had played an important role in educating young people

2.The job of teaching came into being mainly because of _____.A.the development of the society

B.the explosion of information

C.the need for specialists

D.the civilization of human beings

3.Teachers‟ salaries are raised today in order to _____.A.show the importance of teaching as a job

B.attract more qualified people to become teachers

C.make teachers “ responsible” in their teaching

D.improve the quality of public teaching

4.“Anybody will do” for a teacher means that _____.A.almost all people want to become a teacher

B.a teacher is so highly respected that people all want to help him

C.a teacher will do whatever he can for his students

D.the job of teaching is so easy that everybody can do it

5.We know from the passage that _____.A.it is important to be successful in teaching the young

B.enough salaries are necessary in making quality people become teachers

C.greater progress has to be made in teaching

D.teaching is a product of the society‟s division of labor

Passage3

In order to learn a foreign language well, it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes.If the primary goal of language use is communication ,then mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as awareness of those mistakes increases.On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes.The language learner may observe how native speakers express themselves, and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them.For example, a Spanish speaker who has been saying “I do it” to express willingness to do something in the immediate future ,could, by communicating with native speakers of English, observe that native speakers actually say “I'll do it”.This difference can serve as a basis for the student to change his way of using the present tense in English.But a student who is unwilling to communicate in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by trial and error.1.According to the passage, the present tense in English is _____.A.not used to express a desire to do something in the immediate future

B.used with some verbs but not with others to express future intention

C.basically the same in English as it is in Spanish

D.not the most difficult problem for foreign students

2.According to the passage,language learners can reduce the number of their mistakes by __.A.asking native speakers for explanations

B.reading good books in the foreign language

C.comparing their speech with that of native speakers

D.speaking without regard to native speakers

3.According to the passage, foreign language students who do not communicate with native speakers will NOT _____.A.learn very much about the foreign society

B.learn about the history of the foreign language

C.have to worry about making mistakes

D.take advantage of available language

4.According to the passage, foreign language students should not worry too much about making mistakes because _____.A.native speakers like foreign students who try to learn their language

B.communication is the primary goal of language learning

C.native speakers will ignore their mistakes

D.everyone makes mistakes when trying to communicate in a strange language

5.The author's major conclusion about the function of mistakes in foreign language learning is that _____.A.mistakes are not important in the process of learning a language

B.learners are often very afraid of making mistakes

C.making mistakes can help the learner discover the rules of the language

D.native speakers often do not tell foreign language learners about their mistakes

Passage4

In the debates about how a particular piece of land is to be used, the priorities often conflict.What should you do, for example, if you find out that under the fertile fields of a farming community there is a thick bed of coal which can be strip mined? Strip mining rips up top soil and vegetation.But mining may create jobs, bring money to the towns businesses.Those who approve of strip mining say that the coal is needed, and they point out that it is quicker and cheaper to get coal from the surface than to go deep into the earth to get it by standard mining techniques.On the other hand, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of top soil.As the countryside fills up, people are becoming more aware of the need for open space.Nearly every proposal for a new power plant, highway, or airport draws fierce opposition.Everyone wants the big, land eating

“uglies” to be in someone else‟s backyard.Minneapolis and St.Paul, Minnesota, for example, have been debating about the site of a future airport for years.Yet if a new airport is needed, it will have to go somewhere.How do we find our way out of the land-used problem? One way might be to reexamine our values, to think in new directions.Does everyone have to have a car with its need for highways and parking lots? What about developing mass transit systems that use less land? Do suburbs have to sprawl? Can they be designed so they use less space? Do we have to have more energy? If we do, do we really have to strip-mine coal to provide it?

However difficult they may be to arrive at, choices will have to be made if we want to preserve the beauty and usefulness of the land.For there is at least one point on which all of us can agree: The land does have its limits.1.The word “priorities” in the sentence means ____.A)the various needs

B)the most important goal

C)the number one necessity

D)the first thing to be considered

2.“… , people are becoming more aware of the need for open space.”tells us that____.A)people are thinking to develop their living space into the sky

B)people noticed the need for unoccupied land

C)people are struggling to get more land from the space

D)people are becoming more active on the space issue

3.How do we find our way out of the land use problems?

A)One way might be to reexamine our values, to think in new directions.B)Everyone has to have a car with its need for highways and parking lots.C)We have to have more energy.We need strip mine coal to provide it.D)We may develop mass transit systems which use less land.4.“ Everyone wants the big, land-eating „ uglies to be in someone else s backyard.”shows that ____.A)people don t want more big projects

B)people don t want to live in the neighborhood of the big projects

C)people regard the large construction projects are “ uglies ”

D)people don t like the undesirable building projects

5.The main idea of this article is ____.A)The Limits of Land

B)Land

C)Land and Our Life Styles

D)Land and Space

Passage 5

Television, or TV, the modern wonder of electronics, brings the world into your own home in sight and sound.The name television comes from the Greek word tele, meaning “far”,and the Latin word videre, meaning “to see”.Thus, television means “seeing far”.Sometimes television is referred to as video, from a Latin word meaning “I see”.In Great Britain, the popular word for television is “telly”.Television works in much the same way as radio.In radio, sound is changed in to electromagnetic waves which are sent through the air.In TV, both sound and light are changed into

electromagnetic waves.Experiments leading to modern television took place more than a hundred years ago.By the 1920s, inventors and researchers had turned the early theories into working models.Yet it took another thirty years for TV to become an industry.As an industry, TV provides jobs for hundreds of thousands who make TV sets and broadcasting equipment.It also provides work for actors, technicians, and others who put on programs.Many large schools and universities have “closed—circuit” television equipment that will telecast lectures and demonstrations to hundreds of students in different classrooms;and the lecture can be video taped to be kept for later use.Some hospitals use TV to allow medical students to get close-up view of operations.In 1946, after World War II, TV began to burst upon the American scene with a speed unforeseen even by the most optimistic leaders of the industry.The novelty of seeing TV pictures in the home caught the publics fancy and began a revolution in the world of entertainment.By 1950, television had grown into a major part of show business.Many film and stage stars began to perform on TV as television audiences increased.Stations that once telecast for only a few hours a day sometimes telecast around the clock in the 1960s.1.“… others who put on programs.”means that ____.A)people get on their clothes with programs printed on

B)people prepare and present the programs on TV

C)people like the programs

D)people acted in the TV programs

2.“… to allow medical students to get close up view of operations ” suggests ____.A)the students can have view of operations with enlarged details

B)the students can operate through TV

C)the students were allowed to learn operations

D)TV is being used by students

3.“… TV began to burst upon the American, …” indicates that ____.A)in 1946 TV sets exploded in American families

B)TV may injure people

C)TV suddenly became available to many American families

D)TV was very popular in 1946

4.“ TV pictures in the home caught the public s fancy, …” tells us ____.A)TV pictures are better than movies

B)TV pictures can be seen at home

C)TV pictures can hurt people s eyes

D)TV pictures had aroused people s interests

5.“… sometimes telecast around the clock in the 1960s.” means ____.A)TV telecast used to have a round clock

B)people watch TV with around clock nearby

C)TV telecast 24 hours a day in the 1960s

D)TV was on show everyday

keys：

passage 1

1.C2.C3.A4.D5.D

Passage 2

1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B

Passage3

1.A2.C3.D4.B5.C

Passage4

1.D2.B3.A4.B5.A

Passage 5

1.B2.A3.C4.D5.C

第二篇：四级翻译练习

1.孔子

孔子(Confucius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和 宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰，中国思想史上 20 世纪伟大的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作 西方的苏格拉底。

参考译文: Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought.Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung.Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius’s influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.2.京剧

京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京剧的服装（costume)、脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣;穷困者的服装则简单朴素，少有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物 形象的重要 手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜色让人一看便知角色(portray)的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈(treachery)，黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林 好汉(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等。

参考译文: Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture.As a traditional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people.Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters.There are more decorations in the costumes of nobles，while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental.Facial masks can reflect qualities of different characters.Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character.People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks.In general，white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters，while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.3.茶马古道

茶马古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)两边，生活着 20 多个少数 民族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比 如:大理，丽江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅鲁藏布江 大峡谷和布达拉宫(Potala Palace)。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、骚站(post house),古桥和木板路，还有少数民族舞蹈和民族服装。时至今天，虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。

参考译文: Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minorities.Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace.The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads.It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs.Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.4.八大菜系

中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发 展已经成形。最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粤、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系，这八 种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样 的烹饪方法区分的，各有其长处。

参考译文: China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes.Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors.The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”.Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.5.四合院

四合院是从明代的北京延续下来的古典建筑风格的住宅。四合 院之间的狭窄的街道被称为 “胡同”。一个四合院有园林包围着四个房子，有高高的围墙保护。四合院与胡同都是人们 常见到的，有超 过 700 多年的历史，但是由于现在的城市改造和中国经济的发展，四合院 慢慢地从北京消失。

参考译文: Si He Yuan is a classical architecture style of residential housing of Beijing citizens dated from the Ming Dynasty.The narrow streets between the Si He Yuan are called “Hutong”.A single implementation of Si He Yuan comprises of garden surrounded by four houses and protected by high walls.Si He Yuan with Hutong which have been very familiar to people，having a history of more than 700 years now suffer from the urban renovation and economic development of China, and they are slowly disappearing from Beijing.6.少林功夫

少林功夫(Shaolin Kungfii)是河南登封少林寺信奉佛教文化的和尚们练习的一种武术(martial arts)。少林寺，建于北魏(the Northern Wei Dynasty)太和期(Taihe Period)十九年，是少林功夫发展的文化空间。少林功夫最初是佛教僧侣练习的，他们的职责是保护寺庙。现在经过 1500 多年的发展，少林功夫已逐步发展成为一种完美技术和丰富含义相融合的艺术，在全世界享有声誉。

参考译文: Shaolin Kungfu is a kind of martial arts practiced by monks under the special Buddhist culture of the Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng City, Henan Province.The Shaolin Temple, built in the Nineteenth year of Taihe Period during the Northern Wei Dynasty, is a cultural space for the development of the Shaolin Kungfu.The Shaolin Kungfii, which is originally practiced by the Buddhist monks whose duties were to protect the temple, has been gradually developed into an art of perfect technology, abundant meanings and high reputation in the whole world after more than 1500 years of development.7.秧歌

秧歌是农历正月的主要的民族花市形式。在这种活动中，两人都盛装打扮，轮流唱歌跳舞，其他人作为唱歌和跳舞的搭档。锣(gong)鼓按照节奏敲打;唢呐（suona)或其他传统的弦乐 器、木管乐器作为背景音乐。

参考译文: Yangge, which is one of the main forms of folk flower fair actions in the first month of the lunar year.In this activity, two people are dressed up, singing and dancing in antiphonal style, others act as singing and dancing partners.The gong and drum are beaten in rhythm;traditional stringed and woodwind instruments are dubbed in background music.8.筷子

说到筷子(chopsticks)的起源，中国是世界上第一个使用筷子的 国家，用筷子吃饭已经有至 少 3000 年的历史了。筷子看起来很简单，只有两根小细棒，但它有很多功能，比如挑选，移动，夹，搅拌或 者挖。此外，它便于使用，价格便宜。而且筷子也是世界上独有的 餐具(tableware)。使用筷子的人，无论是中国人还是外国人，都无不钦佩筷子的发明者。

As the origin of chopsticks, China is the first country in the world to use chopsticks and has a history of at least 3,000 years to have meals with chopsticks.Chopsticks seems quite simple with only two small and thin sticks, but it is in possession of many functions, such as picking, moving, nipping, mixing and digging;moreover，it is convenient for use and cheap in price.Besides, chopsticks are also unique tableware in the world.Anyone using chopsticks，no matter Chinese or foreigners, would without exception admire the inventor of chopsticks.9.扇子

中国扇子的历史可以追溯到 3000 多年前的商朝(the Shang Dynasty)。第一种扇子叫作 “扇汗”（Shanhan),是拴在马车上用来 挡住强烈的阳光，给乘客遮雨的。“扇汗”有点像现在的雨伞。后来 “扇汗”变成了由薄但是结实的丝绸或者鸟的羽毛做成的长柄扇，称为中山扇（Zhangshan fan),它主要用于皇帝的仪仗(honour guard)装饰。

参考译文: The history of Chinese fan can be dated to over 3,000 years ago，around the Shang Dynasty.The first type of fan, known as Shanhan, was tied to a horse-drawn carriage to shut out the strong sunshine and shelter the passengers from the rainfall.The Shanhan was a bit like today’s umbrella.Later this Shanhan became a long-handled fan made of thin and tough silk or birds5 feathers, called a Zhangshan fan, which was mainly used by the emperor’s honour guard as decoration.10.中国茶

中国是茶的故乡。据说早在五六千年前，中国就有了茶树(tea-shrub),而且有关茶树的人类 文明可以追溯到两千年前。来自中国的茶和丝绸、瓷器(porcelain)—样，在 1000 年前为世界所知，而且一直是中国重要的出口产品。目前世界上 40 多个国家种植茶，其中亚 洲国家的产量占世界总产量的 90%。其他国家的茶树都直接或间接地起源于中国。

参考译文: China is the homeland of tea.It is believed that China has tea-shrubs as early as five to six thousand years ago，and human cultivation of tea pants can date back two thousand years.Tea from China，along with her silk and porcelain, began to be known the world over more than a thousand years ago and has since always been an important Chinese export.At present more than forty countries in the world grow tea with Asian countries producing 90% of the world’s total output.All tea trees in other countries have their origin directly or indirectly in China.11.丝绸之路

丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条重要 贸易路线。因为这条路上的 丝绸贸易占绝大部分，所以在 1877 年它 被德国的一位地理学家命名为“丝绸之路”。这条 古道从长安开始，经过河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到达敦煌后分成三条：南部路线，中部 路线和北部路线。这三条路遍布新疆维吾尔自治区(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后扩展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度，甚至罗马。

参考译文: The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean.Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer.This ancient road begins at Chang’an, then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route，Central Route and Northern Route.The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.12.经济水平多样化的中国

中国是一个文化、语言、风俗和经济水平都很多样化的地方。经济格局尤其多样化。大城市如北京，广州和上海是现代的，相对富裕的。然而，约 50%的中国人仍然生活在农村地区，尽管中国只有 10%的土地是可耕地(arable land)。数百万农村居民仍然依靠体力劳动或役畜(draft animal)耕作。两三百万农民迁到城镇寻找工作。一般来说，南部和东部沿海地区比内陆地区更富有，西部和北部，以及西南部是非常不发达的地区。参考译文: China is a very diverse place with large variations in culture, language, customs and economic levels.The economic landscape is particularly diverse.The major cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai are moden and comparatively wealthy.However, about 50% of Chinese still live in rural areas even though only 10% of China ’s land is arable.Hundreds of millions of rural residents still farm with manual labour or draft animals.Some 200 to 300 million former peasants migrated to townships and cities in search of work.Generally the southern and eastern coastal regions are wealthier while inland areas, the far west and north, and the southwest are much less developed.13.中国对外贸易

对于世界上很多国家来说，中国正迅速成为他们最重要的双边(bilateral)贸易伙伴。然而，中国和世界其他国家之间贸易不平衡的问题已经引发了关注。尤其是美国对中国的贸易赤字是最大的，达到了 3150 亿美元，这个数字是十年前的三倍还多。贸易纠纷(trade dispute)也越来越多，主要是关于倾销(dumping)、知识产权和人民币的估价。

参考译文: For many countries around the world, China is rapidly becoming their most important bilateral trade partner.However，there have been concerns over large trade imbalances between China and the rest of the world.The US in particular has the largest trade deficit in the world with China at $315 billion, more than three times what it was a decade ago.There have also been a growing number of trade disputes brought against, mainly for dumping, intellectual property and the valuation of the yuan.14.中国的假日

中国人民依法享受超过 115 天的假期，其中包括 104 天的周末和 11 天的节假日。中国一 年中有 7个法定假日，包括元旦(New Year’s Day),春节（Spring Festival),清明节（Qingming Festival), 五一劳动节(May Day)，端午节(Dragon Boat Festival),中秋节(Mid-Autumn Day)和国庆节(National Day)。员工有 5 至 15 天的带薪年假。学生和老师有大约三个月的寒暑假。在中国，暑假一般约在 7 月 1 日开始，8 月 31 日左右结束，寒假是根据春节的日期，通常是在 1 月或 2 月

参考译文: Chinese people legally enjoy over 115 days off including 104 days of weekends and 11 days of festivals.China has seven legal holidays in a year，including New Year’s Day, Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, May Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Day and National Day.Employees have 5 to 15 days of paid annual leave.Students and teachers have summer and winter vacations for about three months.The summer vacation in China generally starts around July 1st and ends around August 31st，and the winter vacation usually falls on January or February according to the date of the Spring Festival.15.信用卡

信用卡(credit card)是银行所创造出来的最便捷同时也是最危险 的信用工具。通过信用卡，人们可以先用银行付账的方式购买那些 负担不起的物品，同时，银行也将对此征收比 一般贷款要高的利率(interest rate)。遗憾的是，信用卡现巳成为资本主义体制(capitalist system)的重要组成部分，而该体制就得依赖消费(consumption)的持续增长。

Credit cards are one of the most convenient devices ever created by the banking system but, at the same time, one of the most dangerous.They allow people to buy things they，otherwise, couldn’t afford，with money created by the banks and, charged out at much higher interest rates than normal loans.Unfortunately, credit cards have become an essential part of the capitalist system which only survives on the continued growth in consumption.参考译文: 16.老龄化

根据全国老龄工作委员会(the China National Committee On Aging)的数据来看，到 2053 年，中国 60 岁及以上的老人数量预计 会从目前的 1.85 亿一跃变为 4.87 亿，或者说是占总人口 的 35%。扩张的比例是由于寿命的增加和计划生育政策(family planning policies)限制大部分城市家庭只生一个孩子。快速老龄化对社会和经济稳定 造成了严重威胁。

参考译文:The number of people aged 60 and above in China is expected to jump from the current 185 million to 487 million, or 35 percent of the population, by 2053，according to figures from the China National Committee On Aging.The expanding ratio is due both an increase in life expectancy and by family planning policies that limit most urban families to a single child.Rapid aging poses serious threats to the country’s social and economic stability.17.中国经济

自从 1978 年经济改革以来，中国已经完成了从中央计划经济(centrally planned economy)向 市场经济(market based economy)的转变。超过 6 亿人已经脱离了贫困，但是仍然有超过 1.7 亿人生活在 国际贫困线以下，每天少于 1.25 美元。2012 年，中国的人均 GDP 为 12405.67 美 元，这是 30 年前的 37 倍。到 2018 年，中国的人均 GDP 将从世界第 90 位上升到第 75 位。然而，这仍然是低于预计的世界平均水平。

参考译文: Since initiating market reforms in 1978，China has shifted from a centrally planned to a market based economy.More than 600 million citizens have been lifted out of poverty, but over 170 million people still live below the $1.25-a-day international poverty line.In 2012, China’s GDP(PPP)per capita was $12,405.67.This is 37 times higher than what it was just 30 years ago.By 2018，China’ s GDP per capita will climb from the 90th to 75th highest in the world.This however will still be below the forecasted world average.18.中国的保健食品

中国的保健食品（health food)市场首次出现于 20 世纪 80 年代。保健食品是指具有特定保 健功能或补充维生素或矿物质的食品。保 健食品适用于特定人群消费，具有调节人体功能 的效果，但不用于治疗疾病的目的。保健食品有两种。一种是具有特定保健功能的食品，另外一种是营养补充剂。

China’s health food market first emerged in the 1980s.Health food refers to food products which claim to have specific health functions or supplement one’s vitamins or minerals.Health food is suitable for the consumption by specific groups of people and has the effect of regulating human body functions, but is not used for the purpose of treating diseases.There are two kinds of health food.One is food with specific health functions, the other is nutritional supplements.19.成年子女必须探望父母的法律

这周颁布的一项新法律要求子女必须经常探望年龄超过 60 岁的 父母，并确保他们经济和精 神上的需求得到满足。星期二，新华社 报导了_条新闻，来自江苏市无锡市的一位 77 岁的老太太起诉她的女儿忽略她。这是新法律生效后的第一起案件，当地法院规定她的女儿至少每月探望母亲两次，并提供财力支持。但是这项法律引发了争议。有人说这给了那些因为工作、学习或者其他原因搬离家乡的人更多压力。参考译文: A new national law introduced this week requires the offspring of parents older than 60 to visit their parents “frequently” and make sure their financial and spiritual needs are met.On Tuesday, Xinhua reported a news that a 77-year-old woman from Jiangsu city of Wuxi sued her daughter for neglecting her.In the first case after the new law came into effect, the local court ruled that her daughter must visit her at least twice a month and provide financial support.But the law’s introduction has proved controversial.Some say it puts too much pressure on those who move away from home for work, study or other opportunities.20.中国游客出境游

联合国下属机构世界旅游组织(World Tourism Organization)公布的数据显示，中国游客对全 球旅游业的贡献最大。中国人去年花 在出境游上的支出膨胀至 1020 亿美元，同 2011 年相 比增长了 40%。联合国世界旅游组织在其网站上发布的一份声明中说，这一增幅令 中国 迅速超越德国和美国。后两者在之前是出境游支出最高的两个 国家。2012 年德美两国出境 旅游支出均同比增长 6%,约 840 亿美元。参考译文: The figures from the United Nations World Tourism Organization show that Chinese travelers are making the most contributions to the global tourism industry.Chinese travelers spent a record $102 billion on outbound tourism last year, a 40% rise from 2011.That surge sent China screaming past Germany and the U.S.— the former No.1 and No.2 spenders, respectively 一 which both saw tourist outlays increase 6% year-on-year to around $84 billion in 2012, the UNWTO said in a statement on its website.21.大学生就业问题

2008 全球经济衰退导致中国的新毕业生的就业市场显著下降。2009 年毕业的学生将加入到 2008 年毕业仍在找工作的 300 万学生之中。毕业生过剩(glut)也可以归因于大学入学率的提高和教育机构的增加。虽然大学的学生人数增加了，但是他们的质量并没有明显地提高。在大多数情况下，毕业生无法在 2008 年找到合适的就业机 会是因为他们没有行业所需的技能。

The 2008 global recession resulted in a significant drop in the job market for China’s new graduates.Students graduating in 2009 will join around three million students who graduated in 2008 and are still seeking job opportunities.The graduate glut can also be attributed to a rise in the number of college enrollments and educational institutions.Although the number of college students has increased, there has not been any significant improvement in their quality.In most cases, graduates were unable to find suitable employment in 2008 because they did not have the skills required by the industry.

第三篇：四级翻译练习

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.（一）

1.Just do it_____________（尽自己最大努力）.2._____________（抽象意义上的语言）is our facility to talk to each other.3.We should pursue economic policies______________（根据国家利益）.4.We delayed our departure____________（由于暴风雨）.5.We had better_____________（趁天气暖和）by going for a walk this afternoon.（二）

1.Because she knew French, she______________（比我们有利）.2.Adults should________________（原谅孩子的无知）.3.You should_________（充分利用）.4.The river__________（冲破堤岸）.5.Please_____________________（将问题提出来）.（三）

1._______________________（如果发生火灾）, ring the alarm bell.2.______________________（在这种情况下）, I couldn’t go away.3.Your care-free nature often_____________（遇到钱的问题）.4.I will do it________________（如果你帮我）.5.You may___________（学一学）the classic school of photographers.（四）

1.We want our methods to be____________（最新的）.2.The naughty boy________________（以…为乐）pulling the cat’s tail.3.A little persistence_____________（发挥重要作用）between success and failure.4.That detail_____________（和…毫无关系）the main point of the article.5.The regulation doesn’t_____________（生效）until the first of March.（五）

1.The first signs of spring are______________（显而易见）.2.He finished the job__________________(但却损害了健康).3.We must____________（面对困难）manfully and accept the responsibilities of our actions.4.You can________________（随时找我们帮忙）whenever you have difficulties.5.__________________（你的梦想将会落空）if you don’t work on them.（六）

1.The substance does not dissolve in water___________________（不管是否加热）.2.Not only______________（他向我收费过高）；but he didn’t do a good repair job either.3.Your losses in trade this year are nothing_____________（与我的相比）.4.One average, it is said, visitors spend only_____________（一半的钱）in a day in Leeds as in London.5.By contrast, American mothers were more likely_____________（把孩子的成功归因于）natural1

talent.（七）

1.All universities______________（正在做好准备）for an increased intake of students.2.After her lost son was found, _____________（她破涕为笑）.3.He never ______________（追名逐利）.4.My mother wanted me to___________________（从事教育工作）.5.He has given up smoking__________________（永远的）.（八）

1.When he gets old, he will_________________（把公司交给儿子来经营）.2.His tastes are______________________（和我的相同）.3.We should serve the people__________________(全心全意的).4.___________________（要是他没有花这么多钱该多好）.5.The population of Africa is growing_____________(极其迅速).（九）

1.Without steady economic development, it is impossible to meet the people basic needs in life, _______________(更别提)protect the ecosystem and environment.2.You are____________(自由的)to leave at any time you want.3.____________________（鉴于国际局势的变化）, the Chinese government wishes to share with the governments of other countries some of its basic views concerning the establishment of a new international order.4.This new discovery ____________（有助于说明这个问题）.5.We must never______________(辜负)our parents’ trust and expectation.(十)

1.Her beauty cannot_________________________（弥补她的愚蠢）.2.The ship was ____________________（任凭波涛的摆布）.3.We ought to___________________（充分利用时间）.4.Being a professional actor_____________(必定)means working nights and Sundays.5._______________________(既然我们学完了这门课程)，we shall start doing more revision.（十一）

1.Men like that never____________________（冒险尝试）.2.He had not yet attempted to_________________________(把他的理论付诸实践).3.She answered these embarrassing questions__________________（镇定自若）.4._________________（关于）what we did last month I would like to read you this letter

received.5.When defeat is _____________（不可避免）, nothing matters.

第四篇：2014年四级翻练习

四级翻译

请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

燃放鞭炮

放鞭炮曾是春节庆祝活动中最重要的习俗之一。然而，担心燃放鞭炮可能会带来危险和烦人的噪音，政府已在许多大城市下令禁止燃放鞭炮。但在小城镇和农村地区的人们仍然坚持这种传统的庆祝活动。除夕夜一旦时钟撞响午夜12点钟，城市和乡镇都被烟花的闪闪光芒映亮，鞭炮声震耳欲聋。一家人熬夜就为这个欢乐的时刻，孩子们一手拿鞭炮，一手拿火机兴高采烈地点放着他们在这个特殊节日的快乐，尽管他们吓得捂着耳朵。

参考答案:

Setting Firecrackers

Lighting Firecrackers used to be one of the most important customs in the Spring Festival celebration.However, concerning the danger and the negative noises that lighting firecrackers may bring, the government has banned this practice in many major cities.But people in small towns and rural areas still hold to this traditional celebration.Right as the clock strike 12 o#39;clock midnight of New Year#39;s Eve, cities and towns are lit up with the glitter from fireworks, and the sound can be deafening.Families stay up for this joyful moment and kids with firecrackers in one hand and a lighter in another cheerfully light their happiness in this especial occasion, even though they plug their ears.年夜饭

春节是与家人团聚的时间。年夜饭是所有家庭成员聚在一起“必须”的宴会。除夕宴会上吃的食物根据不同的地区各不相同。在中国南方，习惯吃“年糕”(糯米粉制成的新年糕点)，因为作为一个同音字，年糕意味着“步步高升”。在北方，年夜饭的传统饭是“饺子”或像月牙儿形的汤圆。

参考答案:

New Year Feast

Spring Festival is a time for family reunion.The New Year#39;s Feast is “a must” banquet with all the family members getting together.The food eaten on the New Year Even banquet varies according to regions.In south China, It is

customary to eat “niangao”(New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour)

because as a homophone, niangao means “higher and higher every year”.In the north, a traditional dish for the feast is “Jiaozi” or dumplings shaped like a crescent moon.请将下面这段话翻译成英文：熬夜(“守岁”)

守岁意味着除夕夜不睡觉。年夜饭后，家人聚坐一起，愉快聊天，等待春节的到来。年夜饭

春节是与家人团聚的时间。年夜饭是所有家庭成员聚在一起“必须”的宴会。除夕宴会上吃的食物根据不同的地区各不相同。在中国南方，习惯吃“年糕”(糯米粉制成的新年糕点)，因为作为一个同音字，年糕意味着“步步高升”。在北方，年夜饭的传统饭是“饺子”或像月牙儿形的汤圆。

参考答案:

Staying up late(“Shousui”)

Shousui means to stay up late or all night on New Year#39;s Eve.After the great dinner, families sit together and chat happily to wait for the New Year#39;s arrival。

New Year Feast

Spring Festival is a time for family reunion.The New Year#39;s Feast is “a must” banquet with all the family members getting together.The food eaten on the New Year Even banquet varies according to regions.In south China, It is customary to eat “niangao”(New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour)

because as a homophone, niangao means “higher and higher every year”.In the north, a traditional dish for the feast is “Jiaozi” or dumplings shaped like a crescent moon.请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

科学和自然界中一切存在的事物和发生的现象的特点和过程有关。科学包括整个自然界，它精辟地阐述了人类关于各种自然现象是如何彼此联系并如何构成我们所说的宇宙的种种概念的。

科学有许多特性，要了解科学是什么，就得详细地考察一下这些性能和特点。有一些作者断言说科学实际上只是一种方法—科学的方法。这样的定义是过于简单化了。但是科学方法在决定科学知识的性质方面肯定起着重要的作用。

参考答案:

Science is related to all the existing things and thecharacteristics and process of the phenomenahappening in nature.Science contains the

wholenature,whichdevelpos various penetrating viewsabout human being#39;s conceptions that how variousnatural phenomena are related together and how they constitute our so-called universe.Science has many characteristics.We have to inspect those functions and characteristics indetail if we want to know what the science is.Some authors assert that science in fact is a kindof method-scientific method.This definition is over simplified.But obviously the scientificmethod plays an important role in deciding the nature of the scientific knowledge.英语四级翻译练习，一起来试试吧。

请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

福建福信一珍生物工程有限公司是由福建省洪山企业集团公司与香港福信投资有限公司合资兴办的高科技企业，注册资本两千万元人民币。公司拥有雄厚的技术力量，大中专学历以上的技术，管理人才占员工总数的百分之三十以上，并与国内多家科研机构建立了紧密型的合作关系。

公司以“唯公有福，唯诚有信”的福信企业精神和“团结，拼搏，务实，创新，奉献”的洪山集团企业精神为动力，锐意进取，蒸蒸日上。

参考答案:

Fujian Fuxin Yizhen Bio-engineering Co.,Ltd is ahigh-tech joint venture cofounded by HongshanGroup and Hong Kong Fuxin InvestmentCo.,Ltd,with registered capital up to 20 millionRMB.The company is in possession of

abundant technical resources,technicalandmanagerial talents above college or polytechnic school account for 30% of its staff.What#39;smore,tightly-knit

partnership has been established with a number of domestic scientificresearch institutions.Treasuring the spirit of honesty of Fuxin and adhering to the spirit of unity,hardwork,realism,innovation and sacrifice”ofHongshan,the company is advancing with vigor andenthusiasm and will become more and more

prosperous.英语四级翻译练习，一起来试试吧。

请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

长期以来，中美两国人民一直相互抱有浓厚的兴趣和友好的感情。中国人民欣赏美国人民的开拓进取精神，钦佩美国人民在建设国家中取得的骄人业绩。随着中国的快速发展和中美合作的不断拓展，越来越多的美国人也把目光投向中国，更加关注中国的发展进步。参考答案:

The Chinese and Americans have always had an intense interest in each other and cared deeply about each other.The Chinese people admire the

pioneering and enterprising spirit of the Americans and their proud achievement in national development.As China develops rapidly and steady headways is made in China and US cooperation,more and more Americans are following with great interest in China#39;s progress and development.请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

1.有鱼有水的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。

2.中华民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。

参考答案:

1.A place with water an d fish is necessarily blessed with a nice

setting,which in return keeps people in good mood.2.Chinese people has never regarded human being as the highest creature among everything else since ancient times,whose behavior in both philosophy and arts takes a rather appropriate proportion with all others in the natural world,but not as an absolute dominant ruler.请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

1.求学是一件艰苦的事情，许多人不能忍受那必经的艰苦，所以不能成功。

2.一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢。参考答案:

1.Tolearn,actually,is to experience the indispensable pain and those who can not get it over with can not become learned.2.One spring evening,my parents held a banquet in the garden where all sorts of flower were in full bloom.Instantly,a crowd of guests gathered together and their laughter was heard all over there.请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

我们的现代化建设，必须从中国的实际出发。无论是革命还是建设，都要注意学习和借鉴外国经验。但是，照抄照搬别国经验、别国模式，从来不能得到成功。这方面我们有过不少教训。把马克思主义的普遍真理同我国的具体实际结合起来，走自己的道路，建设有中国特色的社会主义，这就是我们总结长期历史经验得出的基本结论。

参考答案:

Our country#39;s modernization must start from the reality of China.Either on the revolution or the construction we need to learn and draw the experience from the foreign countries.But we will never win the success if we mechanically copy other countries#39;experience or formats.We have already had the lesson in this aspect.It is the basic conclusion which we summarized the long-term historical experience that we should combine the Marxism#39;s univertsal truth with our specific situation together,walking on our own roads and building up the socialism with Chinese characteristic.请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

1.没有安定的政治环境，干什么都不成。

2.大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等，所有人们对于自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。

参考答案:

1.Nothing can be accomplished without a stable political environment.2.People,poor or rich,are equally favored by Nature.Therefor human being s,with no exception,have been deeply dependent on it.请将下面这段话翻译成英文：

1.这位民族英雄没有死，他的故事照亮了千百万人的心。

2.但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作，生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。

参考答案:

1.This national hero lives on,his story lighting up the hearts of millions of people.2.However,ifwe,on the whole,can find out whether his attitude towards his life is serious or not and what is his attitude towards his life and work,it would not be that difficult to make an appropriate evalutaion of the meaning of one#39;s life.春节的问候(拜年)

在春节第一天或此后不久，大家都穿着新衣服，带着弓向亲戚和朋友打招呼并恭喜(祝贺)，彼此祝愿在新的一年里好运，幸福。在中国农村，有些村民可能有数以百计的亲戚，所以他们不得不拿出两个多星期来走亲访友。

参考答案:

New Year Greetings(Bai Nian)

On the first day of the New Year or shortly thereafter, everybody wears new clothes and greets relatives and friends with bows and Gongxi(congratulations)，wishing each other good luck, happiness during the new year.In Chinese

villages, some villagers may have hundreds of relatives so they have to spend more than two weeks visiting their relatives.

第五篇：四级翻译练习

随着中国的改革开放，如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘在婚礼上穿着白色的婚纱，因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征。然而，在中国的传统文化中，白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。因此务必记住，白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物，尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人。同样，礼金也不能装在白色的信封里，而要装在红色的信封里。改革开放：reform and opening up 西式：in western style 葬礼：funeral 祝人康复的礼物：gifts for patients 危重病人：critically sick patients 礼金：cash gift

With China’s reform and opening up, quite a number of youngsters would like to celebrate their weddings in western style.The bride wears a white wedding dress at the ceremony, as white is regarded as a symbol of purity.However, in traditional Chinese culture, white is a color that is often used in funerals.That’s why it’s necessary to keep in mind that white flowers must not be gifts for patients, especially not for the elders or critically sick patients.Similarly, the cash gift shouldn’t be packed in a white envelope, but in a red one.在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福。在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运和快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水书写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯。象征：symbolize signify

mean

represent 到处可见：can be seen/found everywhere

中国革命和共产党：Chinese Revolution and Communist Party 冒犯：offense

The color of red in Chinese culture usually symbolizes good luck, longevity and happiness.Red can be found everywhere during Chinese Spring Festival and on other joyous occasions.Cash is often put in red envelopes and sent to family members or close friends as a gift.Its popularity in China can also be attributed to the fact that people associate it with the Chinese Revolution and Communist Party.However, red does not signify good luck and joy all the time in that the name of the dead used to be written in red.Thus it is regarded as an offense to write the names of Chinese people in red ink.