第一篇:高中英语作文高分诀窍
顾燕卿提供
嘉兴英语教学整理
高考英语作文高分诀窍
一.高级词汇
1.occur 替换 think of
Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.→
An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2.devote替换spend
He spends all his spare time in reading.→
He devotes all his spare time to reading.3.seek替换want / look for
They sought(wanted)to hide themselves behind the trees.4.average 替换ordinary
I’m an average(ordinary)student.5.but替换very
The film we saw last night was very interesting.→
The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.6.seat 替换sit
On his way to school, he found an old lady seated(sitting)by the road, looking worried.7.suppose 替换should
He is supposed to(should)have driven more slowly.8.appreciate 替换thank
Thank you very much for you help.→
We appreciate your help very much./ Your help is much appreciated.9.the case替换 true
I don’t think it is the case(true).10.on替换as soon as
As soon as he arrived, he began his research.→
On his arrival, he began his research..11.due to替换because of
He arrived late due to(because of)the storm.12.cover替换walk/read
After covering(walking)10 miles, we all felt tired.13.contribute to替换be helpful/useful
Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study.→
Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.14.round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby
① The summer vacation is round the corner(coming).Do you have any plans?
② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner(nearby).15.come to light替换discover
The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels.→
The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16.have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself
After visiting the workshop, we went back to school.Every one of us had a ball(had a good time).17.come up with替换think of
Jack is very clever.He often comes up with(thinks of)new ideas.18.set aside替换save
Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.(2004天津卷)
19.be of + n.替换adj.The products are of high quality(very good)and are sold everywhere in China.20.refer to替换talk about/of, mention
The professor you referred to(talked about)is very famous.21.can not but / can not help but替换have to do
I could not but(had to)go home.22.more often than not替换usually
More often than not(Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.23.lest替换so that /in order that
I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it.→I wrote down his telephone number lest I(should)forget it.24.be long for sth./ be long to do sth.替换want to do sth./wish forI want to see you very much.→I am long to see you.25.be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in
He is caught up in(very interested in)collecting stamps.26.more than替换very① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September.→
I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.(NMET 2003)② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.(2004全国卷)27.perfect(ly)替换good/ very well
He speaks perfect(good)English./ He speaks English perfectly(very well).28.do sb a/the favor 替换help
Would you please do me the favor(help me)to turn down the radio? 29.the other day替换a few days ago
The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.(NMET 1997)30.in the course of替换during
In the course of(During)the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.31.the majority of替换most
The majority of(Most of)the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.32.consist of替换be made up of
Our class consists of(is made up of)50 students.33.be worn out替换 be tired / broken① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out(tired).② My shoes are worn out(broken).Please buy me a new pair.34.become of替换 happen
What do think has become of(happened to)him ?35.attend to替换look after
36.on condition that替换as long as 37.nevertheless替换however
38.express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with39.spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to do 40.many a 替换many
41.be rushed off one’s feet替换be busy in doing 42.a handful of替换a little / some 43.meanwhile替换at the same time 44.get to one’s feet替换stand up45.beneath替换under
46.occasionally替换sometimes /once in while 47.for instance替换for example 48.seldom替换not often 49.wealthy替换 rich
50.amazing替换surprising
51.as a matter of fact 替换in fact 二.高级句型结构 ◆ It句型① It will be + some time + before…
It won’t be long before humans visit the Mars.② It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth.It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.He said since it was a new model in China, it was impossible to fix it without the right spare parts.(2008年湖北卷)③ It is + 被强调部分 + that…
1)It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.2)Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.◆ more …than any other 表示最高级
Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are more popular than
any one else.◆ 名词从句
① It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in 全国卷 Ⅲ)②◆(非限制性)定语从句① The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street.It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.→The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street,② It was quite an experience for us both,(2002 北京卷)◆ 分词结构
① I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing ② We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting 全国卷Ⅱ)③ Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.(2004 辽宁卷)
④ Born in American, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.(2008年湖南
卷)
◆ with结构① A terrible accident happened yesterday,② ◆ 倒装句 ① The library is to the east of the teaching building.→② Although we are tired, we are happy.→③上海卷)
④ May all your dreams come true!May our friendship last till the end of the universe.!(2007年湖南卷)◆ 被动语态① Opinions are divided on the question.(NMET 2002)
② All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students.(2004全国卷 Ⅳ)③ New factories, houses and roads have been built.(2004 江苏卷)◆ 巧妙的改写
(1).Only 改成no one but
Only Tom passed the exam last week.→ No one but Tom passed the exam.(2).as soon as …改成No sooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/The
moment No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.(3).have sb/sth do/done
The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken(her leg was broken.).(4).变换插入语的位置① However, they suggest fees should be charged low.→
They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.(NMET 2002)② I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well
you’ve learned Chinese.→
This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well
you’ve learned Chinese.(2004 全国卷Ⅰ)(5).用同位语代替非限制性定语从句
Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several
days.→
Meimei, a girl of thirteen, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.(2002上海卷)
Shakespeare, a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world.(2008年湖南卷)
◆ 其它
(1)注重句子的开头① 用with复合结构开头
With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.With his help, we've learned how to analyze and settle problems.(2006年湖南卷)
With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want.(2009年江苏卷)
② 用非谓语动词形式开头ⅰ)In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.ⅱ)Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.(2)长短句交错使用(注意:应突出主题句;长句子并非越长越好)
◆◆ 相关过渡语
1).表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later,first of all, finally, at last… 2).表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side…
3).表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise…
4).表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus…
5).表示递进关系: besides, what’s more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore,in addition, on top of…
6).表示并列关系: and, as well as, also…
7).表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief,to conclude…
2009年12月
第二篇:高中英语高分
大作文(1)
(一)阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
CCTV.com News: The rescue was still going on at the small town after the terrible earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, West China.The rescue teamers made their efforts to rescue the victims buried in the ruins.They found four school kids were under a teacher's desk and the teacher placed himself to the side of the desk without boards, protecting his students from harm.When the firefighters tried to take the teacher's hands away, they failed.., the teacher held the desk terribly firmly.Everyone on the spot cried.The teacher would rather give his life to protect his school kidsand give the living chances to them.Everyone has the right to live, but the teacher chose to give the living chances to his lovely students.[写作内容]你的英语老师在上英语写作课时,要求同学们根据老师提供的英语新闻报道,谈谈对四川汶川地震的一些人与事的感想。请你以“Greatest Love is Unselfish”为题,准备一篇发言稿,内容包括以下内容:
1.以约30个词概括这篇新闻报道;
2.以约120个词,请就“大爱无私”的话题写一篇英语短文,表达你内心的感受,并包括如下要点:
1)你看完这个故事后,你如何评价这位老师的无私行为;为什么?
2)你的感想。
[写作要求]1.作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容但不得直接引用原文中的句子;标题自定。2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。Greatest Love is Unselfish
During Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan Province, a rescue team found a teacher, dead for hours, and four school kids, safe with the protection of the teacher.And the teacher's greatest love gave everyone a great shock.A very ordinary teacher would rather give his life to save and protect his students, for he knew that he was a teacher and should protect his students, As we know, when the disaster broke out, all the teachers in this earthquake area made their efforts to help and save their students, and this noble act shows that greatest love is unselfish.Facing natural disasters, sometimes we human beings may feel too weak, but just at this very moment, we will try everything to help others, even devote our lives to doing that.After reading the news story, I was moved to tears.Greatest love is unselfish.The teacher's action illustrates our kind teachers' greatest love to their students.大作文(2)阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
We nowadays live in a global village, and many difficulties will arise if we can't express ourselves fluently in English.In spite of my awareness of its importance, I seldom find chances to practice and improve my oral English.So, I am still very weak with regard to this respect.One reason is that my pronunciation and intonation aren't good enough.The other is that I am so shy that I am always too nervous to find the exact words to express my ideas and feelings.As a result the best way for me to do is to remain silent when others are practicing and making great progress in their oral English every day.Now I am attaching much more importance to oral English and I have made up my mind
to seize every opportunity to practice.I begin to participate actively in all kinds of English activities, such as going to “English Corners”, talking in English with my classmates and with native speakers.“Nothing is difficult in the world if you really put your heart to it.” as the Chinese saying goes.If I can build up my confidence, if I am not afraid of losing face any more, if I really work hard on it, I am sure my oral English will be excellent someday.[写作内容]1.以约30个词概括短文的要点:
2.然后以120个词写一篇英语短文谈谈广东高考英语口试对你英语口语练习造成的影响,并包括如下要点:
1)你以前对英语口语的态度及原因;
2)广东高考英语口试对你目前英语口语练习造成的某些影响;
3)你的感想或期望。
[写作要求]1.作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子;标题自定。2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。Living in a “global village”, the writer finds it important to practice oral English and he has paid more attention to it and is determined to get more chances to practice it.To be honest, I used to care less about spoken English, just resulting from the fact that spoken English was not so important as written English since it was not needed in the college entrance examination.However, everything has been changed since there was a oral English Test in Guangdong college entrance examination.Every morning, I have to get up early to practice my oral English, which in dead helps me to remember words more easily than before.In addition, I feel less shy to speak out in class when answering questions in English.Luckily, it is oral English Test that helps me to learn English better, making me feel confident in learning English.Meanwhile, I do hope that I will do well in oral English as well as college entrance examination.Only then, will my life be more hopeful, more wonderful, even more colorful.
第三篇:中考数学高分诀窍[推荐]
中考数学高分诀窍
在中考考数学时,有的同学能超常发挥,有的却粗心大意,令人惋惜,其原因不是“运气”,而是准备不足,这正是考前调整的重点。
一,合理定位,有舍有得填空题的后几题都是精心构思的新题目,必须认真对待;选择题的不少命题似是而非,难以捉摸;可是,不少学生却一带而过,直奔综合题,造成许多不应有的失误。其实,综合题的最后一个小题总是比较难,目的是提高考试的区分度,但是只有4分左右。如果暂且撇开,谨慎对待116分的题目,许多学生都能考出不俗的成绩。二,吃透题意,谨防失误数学试题的措词十分精确,读题时,一定要看清楚。例如:“两圆相切”,就包括外切和内切,缺一不可。如果试题与熟悉的例题相像,绝不可掉以轻心。例如“抛物线顶点在坐标轴上”就不同于“顶点在X轴上”。
三,步步为营,稳中求快不少计算题的失误,都是因为打草稿时太潦草,匆忙抄到试卷上时又看错了,这样的毛病难以在考试时发现。正确的做法是:在试卷上列出详细的步骤,不要跳步。只有少量数学运算才用草稿。事实证明:踏实地完成每步运算,解题速度就快;把每个会做的题目做对,考分就高。四,不慌不躁,冷静应对在考试时难免有些题目一时想不出,千万不要钻牛角尖,因为所有试题包含的知识、能力要求都在考纲范围内,不妨先换一个题目做做,等一会儿往往就会豁然开朗了。综合题的题目内容长,容易使人心烦,我们不要想一口气吃掉整个题目,先做一个小题,后面的思路就好找了。
第四篇:2017高中英语作文高分技巧
2017高考英语作文
一、全国卷《考试说明》对书面表达的要求
1.准确使用语法和词汇
2.使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思 【高考作文评分标准/高考作文评分原则-总则】 1.本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。
2.评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量,确定或调整档次,最后给分。
3.词数少于 80和多于 120的,从总分中减去2分。
4.评分时,应注意的主要内容为:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。
5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写汉词汇用法均可接受。6.如书写较差,以至影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。
7.内容要点可用不同方式表达,对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。
二、全国卷“五档”作文
1.各个档次的给分范围及标准(满分25分)
A.第五档(很好):(21-25分)1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。2.覆盖所有内容要点。3.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。4.语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。5.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。6.完全达到了预期的写作目的。
B.第四档(好):(16-20分)1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。2.虽漏掉1、2个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容。3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。4.语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。6.达到了预期的写作目的。
C.第三档(适当):(11-15分)1.基本完成了试题规定的任务。2.虽漏掉一些内容,但覆盖所有主要内容。3.应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但不影响理解。5.应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文内容连贯。6.整体而言,基本达到了预期的写作目的。
D.第二档(较差):(6-10分)1.未恰当完成试题规定的任务。2.漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容,写了一些无关内容。3.语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。4.有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响了对写作内容的理解。5.较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性。6.信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
E.第一档(差):(1-5分)1.未完成试题规定的任务。2.明显遗漏主要内容,写了一些无关内容,原因可能是未理解试题要求。3.语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。4.较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解。5.缺乏语句间的连接成分,内容不连贯。6.信息未能传达给读者。
F.不得分:(0分)未能传达给读者任何信息:内容太少,无法评判;写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
2.“五档”作文如何抓——培养能力
⑴抓“应用了较多的词汇”:词性多样、词汇高级、短语丰富。
⑵抓“应用了较多的语法结构”:高中阶段主要有感叹句、倒装句、复合句、强调句、非谓语动词、独立主格结构、with/without复合结构等。
⑶抓“有效使用连接成分”:合理使用连词、连接副词等,使段与段、句与句之间形成明晰的、合乎逻辑的顺序组织与安排,做到文意与结构上层次分明、条理清楚。
⑷抓“完成规定的任务”:对于题干、要点提示、注意事项以及参考词汇要做好全面读题,定好时态、人称、文体等,确保完成规定任务。
三、高考作文如何升
1.运用四大原则
⑴具体性原则在掌握了一定词汇量后,具体的表达往往比泛泛而谈更能吸引阅卷老师的眼光。eg:He is a good man.→He is a kind-hearted/friendly man.⑵新颖性原则写作时如果能恰当运用高中学过的但别人可能想不到的词汇,必能给阅卷老师带来耳目一新的感觉。eg:A good relationship between teachers and students is good for our study.→A good relationship between teachers and students is beneficial to our study.⑶短语优先原则多使用词组、习语代替一些同义或近义单词。
eg:As the number of Chinese learners is increasing,Chinese culture will be more popular.→As the number of Chinese learners is on the rise,Chinese culture will be more popular.⑷多样化原则在一篇作文中尽量避免过多地重复使用某一词汇,要使用多种词汇表达同一意思。eg:I like watching TV while my brother likes reading.→I like watching TV while my brotherenjoys reading.2.利用高级词汇,照亮阅卷人眼
现总结10例由普通词汇向高分词汇的转化: ① first→to begin/start with首先 ②finally→last but not least最后 ③course→curriculum课程
④hard-working→diligent勤奋的 ⑤shortcoming→drawback缺点 ⑥difficult→painstaking艰难的 ⑦immediately→in a flash立即
⑧interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing有趣的 ⑨be sad→be cast down伤心
⑩think→take the attitude that/harbor the idea that认为 3.频变句型结构,增强得分支撑
⑴肯定不如双否好eg:The postman comes on time every Sunday.→The postman never fails to come every Sunday.⑵陈述不如倒装妙 ①以否定词开头,使用部分倒装eg:I will never give up.→Never will I give up.【归纳】常见的否定词(组):not,never,seldom,hardly,little,no sooner,in no case,at no time,by no means,in no way,in no sense,on no account,under no circumstance等。
②以地点状语开头,使用完全倒装eg:The library is in the center of our school.→In the center of our school lies the library.③“only+状语”位于句首,使用部分倒装eg:Only in this way can I make progress.④as/though引导的倒装句eg:Much as he enjoys it,he doesn't want to buy it.⑶主动不如被动巧多使用被动语态,能使表达更地道,更接地气。
eg:We can borrow at most five books at a time,and we can keep them for six days.→At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for six days.⑷非谓语结构不能少在平时,考生应多背一些好词好句。特别是含有非谓语结构的句子,在语境中理解它们的用法,只有这样,写作时才能得心应手。同时,在平时的训练中,考生也应大胆使用非谓语结构,以提高熟练度。
第五篇:2011年中考作文三大高分诀窍
不得不看的2011年中考作文三大高分诀窍
作文成绩的优劣关系到语文学科成绩的高低,考生要想夺取中考语文高分,必须首先要夺取作文高分。那么如何夺取中考作文高分呢?我们不妨从以下几点做起:
考场作文构思要巧妙
《上海中考作文评分标准》中列出的第三项就是 “思路与结构”,占10分。其中A类卷的标准是:思路通畅;层次分明,且结构安排有特色。而“思路与结构”的安排,体现在文章写作之前的“构思”之中。构思在整个写作过程中是重要的一环。构思大致包括三个方面:选择题材,安排人物、情节;酝酿、提炼主题(或中心);确定艺术表现形式,如结构安排、表达方式和作品体裁等。
构思巧妙主要表现在以下几个方面:
第一,文章的开头要吸引人。好文章的开头有:设置悬念式开头;倒叙式开头;情景描写式开头;点题式开头;议论抒情式开头;引名人名言或哲理性的话开头等。
第二,情节安排要曲折生动,引人入胜,“文似看山不喜平”。因此,叙事要有点“波澜”,不能平铺直叙。
第三,表达方式要灵活多变,忌单一重复。
第四,点题要巧妙。历年中考作文中,因构思巧妙而脱颖而出的佳作不少。例如:1998年的考题《我的欢乐》,有一名考生运用丰富的想象,把自己幻想成一只 “和平鸽”,“要作一次旅行,从我的家乡——台湾,一直飞到祖国的心脏”,文中以一只“和平鸽”的行踪为线索,展现了沿途在香港、上海、长江三峡工程、长城以及北京等地上空俯瞰到的一幅幅壮丽的景象,表达了“祖国统一、繁荣富强,是我最大的欢乐”这一主旨,写出了中华民族的心声,高扬着时代的主旋律。这就摆脱了初中生身份的局限,摆脱了时空的束缚,超越了“小我”,进而写出了“大我”——中华民族的欢乐。真是构思新颖,不落窠臼。又如2001年的考题《有家真好》,有一名考生通篇运用拟人化手法,把台湾比作从内战结束后离开祖**亲的孩子——“我”,模拟游子的口吻准确而传神地演绎了台湾同胞的真切感受,在“有家真好”的题目下表达了盼望台湾早日回归祖国的重大主题,具有很强的表达效果。再如2006年,有一名考生叙写 《我们的名字叫“花样”上海人》,选取典型的人物和典型的事例,描述了“花样”上海人“有春花的热情,有夏花的爱心,有秋花的收获,有冬花的坚韧”等个性特征。全文按照春、夏、秋、冬四个时令季节为序,以春日的红杏、夏日的荷花、秋天的硕果和冬日的腊梅为喻,并配以鲜明的富有时令季节特征的四句古诗文名句,作为四个部分的小标题,凸显上海人的“花样”性格,构思十分巧妙。
总之,好文章的构思往往是巧妙的,新奇独特而不落俗套。
考场作文写人要鲜明
回顾上海历年中考作文题,涉及叙事写人的作文题有1985年的 《同桌》、1988年的 《我和××》、1989年的《我》、1992年的 《忘不了他(她)》、1995年的 《母爱》、1997年的 《良师》等。要夺取此类作文的高分,写出来的人物必须具有鲜明的个性,忌千人一面,千人一腔。有的学生写起人来,总是喜欢用“目光炯炯有神,迈着矫健的步伐”之类的词句,千篇一律,缺乏鲜明的个性特色,令人望而生厌。相反,有的学生由于平日里仔细观察身边人物的言行举止,因而无论是写“父爱”、“母爱”抑或是写“师爱”,写出来的人物个个栩栩如生,跃然纸上,具有鲜明的个性特征,令人久久难忘。请看下面的三个片段:
从我看见文学社老师的第一眼起,就觉得:这个老头,不简单!
是不简单。不然怎么会退休十年了还坐在这里气定神闲地给我们上课呢!不然怎么会在各种大小报刊上都能翻到他的大作呢!不然怎么会把一个个对文学还懵懵懂懂的学生,不出一二年,就调教得玩起文字来有模有样了!对,他就是一个不简单的良师。
他的头上顶着几片雪花,他的鼻梁上戴着一副眼镜,他的手上布满了蛛网,他的肚子里装满了墨水。他闪亮在眼镜后的小眼能鉴定一篇文章的好坏,也似乎能看透一个人写作水平的高低。他那张嘴总能吐出我们意料不到或者前所未闻的知识和信息,也似乎能迸出我们未来的写作前景。他那双手可以修改出一篇篇佳作,也似乎可以充实一个人的涵养。他,真的不简单!(这三段文字节选自 《良师》)
这三段文字节选自某生写的 《良师》。通过四个“不简单”,由外而内地介绍了文学社指导老师的与众不同之处,“良师”的形象已初露端倪。
写人,不仅要学会写活单个人,还要学会写活群体形象。例如2004年的《我们是初升的太阳》和2006年的《我们的名字叫____》,都属于要求叙写群体形象的考题,当年的考生是如何写活“我们”这一群体形象的?你可以阅读这两年的中考佳作,从中受到启发。
考场作文语言要流畅
《上海中考作文评分标准》中列出的第二项就是“语言”,占25分。其中A类卷的标准是:能准确、清晰地表达自己的思想;语言流畅,有一定的表现力。
具体讲,语言流畅,是指文章的语言表达流利,语句通畅。好文章的语言应该是流畅的,而不是疙里疙瘩的;表述应该是简洁明白的,而不是里嗦的;词汇应该是丰富的,而不是贫乏的;用语应该是准确的,而不是词不达意的;语意应该是通畅连贯的,而不是前言不搭后语的;比喻应该是新奇、贴切、形象的,而不是平淡、庸俗、抽象的;描写应该是具体的、细腻的、生动形象的,而不是笼统的、粗糙的、枯燥乏味的;读起来应该是琅琅上口的,而不是佶屈聱牙的。需要说明的是,入选本书的上海历年中考作文的语言,大多是流畅的。
当然,写出优秀考场作文的要求和注意点还有很多,例如,情感要真实,中心要明确,结构要有特色,条理要清晰,详略要得当等,在此不一一赘述,但上述五点尤为重要。如果你的考场作文做到了上述五点,写出了自己生活中的独特体验和感悟,写出了特色或亮点,那么,得高分就有希望。
【我国现行法律对家庭暴力问题的规定】
党中央、国务院历来十分重视保护妇女儿童合法权益的工作。1995年国务院发布《中国妇女发展纲要(1995-2000)》,纲要确定中国妇女在未来五年内的具体发展目标之一是:“有效遏制对妇女的暴力侵害及拐骗、买卖妇女的犯罪行为和**嫖娼违法活动。”纲要规定:“依法保护妇女在家庭中的平等地位,坚决制止家庭暴力。”
在国家基本法律的层面上,2001年4月28日由第九届全国人民代表大会通过的《婚姻法》修正案,第一次对家庭暴力问题做了规定。《婚姻法》从以下四个方面对家庭暴力的防治做了规定:
1、总则中将“禁止家庭暴力”(第3条)上升为基本原则。这一原则是婚姻、家庭、母亲和儿童受国家保护宪法原则的体现,也为今后各地制定反家庭暴力的地方性法规、规定提供了法律依据。
2、在裁判离婚的法定理由中,将配偶一方“实施家庭暴力或虐待、遗弃家庭成员”,作为法院对夫妻感情确已破裂,调解无效的离婚案件,作出准予离婚的法定理由之一(第32条第2款第2项)。
3、在救助措施与法律责任一章,规定了对家庭暴力受害人的救助措施与施暴者的民事法律责任(第43、44条与第46条)。例如,第46条规定,配偶一方因实施家庭暴力或者虐待、遗弃家庭成员,而导致离婚的,无过错方有权请求赔偿。
(一)立法现状
1.中国已经签署了《消除对妇女一切形式的歧视公约》、《儿童权利公约》等国际公约,是《北京宣言》、《行动纲领》等国际文件的承诺国,已向全世界庄严承诺采取有效措施,制止家庭暴力,保护妇女、儿童、老人等一切弱势群体权益。
2.国家级立法:
(1)宪法关于保障公民权利、男女平等等规定是中国反家庭暴力的立法依据。
(2)妇女权益保障法明确规定妇女在政治的、经济的、文化的、社会的和家庭的生活等方面享有同男子平等的权利。虽然没有使用“家庭暴力”的概念,但全法始终贯穿了反对包括家庭暴力在内的一切形式对妇女的暴力,保护妇女权益的精神(总则、第33-35条、第40-42条)
(3)未成年人保护法的相关规定体现了禁止对未成年人的家庭暴力,保护未成年人权益的精神(总则、第二章、第47、52条)
(4)民法作为调整平等主体间的财产关系和人身关系的法律,在预防和制止家庭暴力方面发挥着重要作用。
——民法通则规定保护公民的生命健康权、名誉权、婚姻自由权等权利(第98、101、103条),并规定了相应的侵权责任形式(第134条)。
——婚姻法是中国第一部明确规定“禁止家庭暴力”的法律。其中规定了对家庭暴力受害人的救助措施:受害人有权向居民委员会、村民委员会、所在单位和公安机关等寻求救助(第43条);相应机构应当应受害人要求采取救助措施;对构成犯罪的,司法机关应依法追究刑事法律责任(第43、45条)。规定实施家庭暴力为法院准予离婚的法定情形之一(第32条),并规定因家庭暴力导致离婚的,受害人有权请求损害赔偿(第46条)。
——继承法规定家庭暴力行为可能引起继承权的丧失:“故意杀害被继承人”、“为争夺遗产而杀害其他继承人”、“遗弃被继承人或虐待被继承人情节严重”的,丧失继承权(第7条)。
(5)刑法通过对杀人罪、伤害罪、强奸罪、侮辱罪、非法拘禁罪、拐卖妇女儿童罪、暴力干涉他人婚姻罪、虐待罪、遗弃罪等罪名和刑罚的规定,对实施家庭暴力构成犯罪的人予以惩处(第232-238条、第240、246、257、260、261条)。
(6)行政法通过规定行政处罚和行政处禁止家庭暴力行为。如治安管理处罚条例对侵犯他人人身权利尚不够刑事处罚的“殴打他人、造成轻微伤害”、“非法限制他人人身自由”、“虐待家庭成员,受虐待人要求处理”等规定应由公安机关予以拘留、罚款或警告(第22条)。(7)诉讼法,包括刑事诉讼法、民事诉讼法和行政诉讼法,规定了家庭暴力受害人寻求司法救济的途径:通过民事诉讼程序追究施暴人的民事责任;对构成犯罪的,依照刑事诉讼程序提起自诉,或通过告诉,由司法机关依法定程序追究施暴人的刑事责任;对公安机关不依法履行制止或处罚家庭暴力职责的,受害人可按行政诉讼法的规定要求其限期履行并赔偿相应损失。
3.地方性法规:妇女权益保障法颁布实施以来,全国31个省、自治区、直辖市都先后出台了确保妇女权益保障法贯彻落实的实施办法。截止2003年7月为止,已有湖南、四川、宁夏、江西、陕西、湖北、黑龙江等7个省、自治区人大先后通过了《关于预防和制止家庭暴力的决议》等专门性反家庭暴力的地方性法规。
(二)工作措施
中国政府历来重视对妇女权益的保护,认为消除对妇女一切形式的暴力,不仅是巩固和反展中国安定团结局面的需要,而且是维护妇女人权,提高妇女地位的需要。为了切实保护妇女的人身权利和实现各个领域的男女平等,近年来,在反家庭暴力方面,中国政府采取了一系列措施,积极动员全社会力量,鼓励多部门合作共同反对家庭暴力,包括:
1.成立维护妇女儿童权益的专门性政府机构。中国国务院和全国31个省、自治区、直辖市都成立了妇女儿童工作委员会,办公室设在同级妇联。2.成立多部门合作维护妇女儿童权益的协调议事机构。2001年11月,全国妇联、中宣部、中央政法委、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、司法部、民政部、劳动和社会保障部、农业部、文化部、卫生部、国家计生委、国家工商行政管理总局等14个部门成立了全国维护妇女儿童权益协调组。截止2003年7月,已有20余个省,300多个地级市建立了类似的由政府机构、司法机关和妇联组织等多部门联合组成的维权协调机构。
3.在公安机关建立家庭暴力投诉受理机构:中国大多数省份都建立了“110”反家庭暴力报警中心,或在派出所、社区警务室挂牌成立维权投诉站。
4.建立法院特邀陪审员制度:许多省的法院邀请妇联维权工作者担任陪审员,审理包括家庭暴力在内的侵害妇女权益的案件
5.建立妇女法律援助机构:有10余个省在司法行政机关成立的法律援助中心中,专门设立了妇女法律援助站,工作室多设在同级妇联。
6.建立家庭暴力伤残鉴定中心和庇护所。全国已有20余个省内建立了家庭暴力伤残鉴定中心;10余个省内建立了庇护所。
7.充分发挥妇女组织反家庭暴力的优势。中华全国妇女联合会是中国最大妇女群众团体,按国家行政区划,建有从全国妇联到村妇代会的六级组织,其中有维权工作者4万余名。它以代表和维护妇女权益,促进男女平等为宗旨,具有广大的社会影响力,在推动以上反家庭暴力机构和制度的建立和完善,促进中国反家庭暴力的社会化工作格局的形成和发展中发挥了非常重要的作用。同时,它还积极参与和推动相关法律法规政策的制定和完善;参加执法检查;对妇女群众开展法治宣传教育;受理有关妇女权益的投诉,协调有关部门解决重大侵权案件;建立妇女法律帮助机构、直接为妇女群众提供法律服务;开展国际项目合作,有效促进了中国反家庭暴力工作。
来自网页 | 2008-01-07 12:57