第一篇：英语用词替换
写英语的时候换点牛词吧
动词替换：
1.Improve 提高：
Promote、Advance、Enhance 2.change 改变：
Transform
3.Emphasize 强调：
Highlight、Stress、Address(这是个9星级用法)
4.Develop培养：
Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture 5.Break 破坏：
Impair、Undermine这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏
Jeopardize、Devastate这两个词用了就牛X了
6.Keep 保存
Preserve、Conserve 保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用protect，protect这个词用在保护具体的东西。7.deal With解决
Tackle、Address（这也是高难度用法，很牛）、Resolve
8.need 需要
Require、necessitate、call for（这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个）
形容词替换：
1.Everywhere 普遍的 Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant 2.Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous 3.Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful 4.Rich 富有的 Wealthy、Affluent 5.Poor 贫穷的 Impoverished 7.Serious 严重的Severe
8.Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 9.cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive
名词替换：
1.Forefather 祖先
Ancestor、Predecessor 2.Difference不同
Gap（简单但是牛）、Distinction
3.Crime 犯罪
Delinquency、Criminal Act 4.Environment 环境
Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience
5.Pollution 污染 Contamination 6.Human 人类 The human race Humanity Humankind 7.Danger 危险 Peril、Hazard
8.In modern society 在当今社会 In contemporary society
In present-day society
Inthis day and age（这是最牛的说法）
第二篇：英语简历用词
个人简历中常用英文单词和词组
个人资料部分 name 姓名 in.英寸 pen name 笔名 ft.英尺 alias 别名 street 街 Mr.先生 road 路 Miss 小姐 district 区
Ms（小姐或太太）house number 门牌 Mrs.太太 lane 胡同，巷 age 年龄 height 身高
prefecture 专区 office phone 办公电话 autonomous region 自治区 business phone 办公电话
nationality 民族；国籍 current address 目前住址
citizenship 国籍 date of birth 出生日期 native place 籍贯 postal code 邮政编码 duel citizenship 双重国籍 marital status 婚姻状况
family status 家庭状况 married 已婚 single 未婚 divorced 离异 bloodtype 血型 weight 体重 address 地址 born 生于
permanent address 永久住址 birthday 生日 province 省 birthdate 出生日期 city 市 birthplace 出生地点 county 县 home phone 住宅电话
separated 分居 number of children 子女人数health condition 健康状况 health 健康状况 excellent（身体）极佳 short-sighted近视 far-sighted 远视 ID card 身份证 date of availability 可到职时间 membership 会员、资格
president 会长 vice-president 副会长 director 理事 standing director 常务理事 society 学会 association 协会 secretary-general 秘书长 research society 研究会
个人品质
able 有才干的，能干的 adaptable 适应性强的
active 主动的，活跃的 aggressive 有进取心的 ambitious 有雄心壮志的 amiable 和蔼可亲的 amicable 友好的 analytical 善于分析的 apprehensive 有理解力的 aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的
audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的 capable 有能力的，有才能的 careful 办理仔细的 candid 正直的 competent 能胜任的 constructive 建设性的 ingenious 有独创性的 motivated 目的明确的 intelligent 理解力强的 learned 精通某门学问的
logical 条理分明的 methodical 有方法的 modest 谦虚的 objective 客观的
precise 一丝不苟的 punctual 严守时刻的 realistic 实事求是的 responsible 负责的 sensible 明白事理的 sporting 光明正大的 steady 踏实的 systematic 有系统的 purposeful 意志坚强的 sweet-tempered 性情温和的
temperate 稳健的 tireless 孜孜不倦的 dutiful 尽职的
well--educated 受过良好教育的
efficient 有效率的 energetic 精力充沛的 expressivity 善于表达 faithful 守信的，忠诚的
frank 直率的，真诚的 generous 宽宏大量的 genteel 有教养的 gentle 有礼貌的 humorous 有幽默 impartial 公正的 independent 有主见的 industrious 勤奋的 cooperative 有合作精神的 creative 富创造力的
dedicated 有奉献精神的 dependable 可靠的 diplomatic 老练的，有策略的 disciplined 守纪律的教育程度
education 学历 educational history 学历 educational system 学制 academic year 学年 semester 学期（美）term 学期（英）supervisor 论文导师 pass 及格 fail 不及格 marks 分数
examination 考试 degree 学位
post doctorate 博士后 doctor(Ph.D)博士 master 硕士 bachelor 学士 graduate student 研究生 abroad student 留学生 abroad student 留学生 undergraduate 大学肆业生
government-supported student 公费生 commoner 自费生
extern 走读生 intern 实习生
prize fellow 奖学金生 boarder 寄宿生 graduate 毕业生 guest student 旁听生（英）auditor 旁听生（美）day-student 走读生 educational background 教育程度 curriculum 课程 major 主修 minor 副修
educational highlights 课程重点部分 curriculum included 课程包括 specialized courses 专门课程 courses taken 所学课程 special training 特别训练 social practice 社会实践
part-time jobs 业余工作 summer jobs 暑期工作 vacation jobs 假期工作 refresher course 进修课程
extracurricular activities 课外活动 physical activities 体育活动 recreational activities 娱乐活动 academic activities 学术活动
social activities 社会活动 rewards 奖励 scholarship 奖学金
excellent League member 优秀团员 excellent leader 优秀干部 student council 学生会 off-job training 脱产培训 in-job training 在职培训
工作经历
justified 经证明的；合法化的 launch 开办（新企业）
maintain 保持；维修 modernize 使现代化 negotiate 谈判 nominated 被提名；被认命的 overcome 克服 perfect 使完善；改善
perFORM 执行，履行 profit 利润 be promoted to 被提升为
be proposed as 被提名（推荐）为 realize 实现（目标）获得（利润）reconstruct 重建
recorded 记载的 refine 精练，精制 assist 辅助 adapted to 适应于
accomplish 完成（任务等）appointed 被认命的 adept in 善于 analyze 分析
authorized 委任的；核准的 behave 表现 break the record 打破纪录 breakthrough 关键问题的解决 control 控制 conduct 经营，处理 cost 成本；费用 create 创造
demonstrate 证明，示范 decrease 减少 registered 已注册的 regenerate 更新，使再生 replace 接替，替换 retrieve 挽回 work experience 工作经历 occupational history 工作经历 professional history 职业经历 specific experience 具体经历
responsibilities 职责 second job 第二职业 achievements 工作成就，业绩 administer 管理
design 设计 develop 开发，发挥 devise 设计，发明 direct 指导 double 加倍，翻一番 earn 获得，赚取 effect 效果，作用 eliminate 消除 enlarge 扩大 enrich 使丰富
exploit 开发（资源，产品）enliven 搞活 establish 设立（公司等）；使开业 evaluation 估价，评价
execute 实行，实施 expedite 加快；促进 generate 产生 good at 擅长于 guide 指导；操纵 improve 改进
第三篇：英语写作常用替换词
写作常用替换词
★ 形容词：
1.贫穷的：poor = needy = poverty-stricken 2.富裕的：rich = wealthy = well-to-do = well-off 3.优秀的：excellent = top = outstanding 4.积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5.消极的，不良的：bad = baneful =undesirable 6.明显的：obvious = apparent = evident 7.健康的: healthy = sound = wholesome 8.惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary 9.美丽的：beautiful = attractive = eye-catching 10.有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous ★ 动词：
1.提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen
2.引起：cause = endanger 3.解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 4.拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down 5.培养: develop = cultivate = foster 6.激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur
7.认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue 8.完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9.保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold 10.有害于：destroy = impair = undermine
11.减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten ★ 名词：
1.影响：influence= impact 2.危险：danger =hazard 3.污染：pollution = contamination [kənˌtæmɪ'neɪʃən] 4.人类：human beings= mankind = human race 5.老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens 6.幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being 7.老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers 8.教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing 9.青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents 10.优点：advantage = merits = superiority [su:pɪəri’ɒrəti] = virtue 11.责任： responsibility = obligation = duty
12.能力： ability = capacity[kə'pæsətɪ] = power = skill 13.职业：job = career = employment = profession 14.娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment 15.孩子： children = offspring = kid
★ 短语：
1.充满了：be filled with = be full of 2.努力：struggle for = strive for = spare no efforts for 3.从事： take up = set about = go in for 4.在当代: in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age 5.大量的: a host of = a vast number of = a vast amount of
词的替换
1.individuals,characters,folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, excellent, outstanding, superior替换good
3: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, ill(有害的)替换
bad, 如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换
4: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some
5: harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that，it is widely shared that，it is universally acknowledged that替think(因为是书面语，所以要加that)
6:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing 7: shared 代 common
8.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits)
9: for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion
10..beneficial, rewarding替换helpful，11.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser,换 customer 12.sth appeals to sb，fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb.be interested in
13.capture one's attention替换attract one's attention.14.desire 替换want.15.bear in mind that 替换remember
16.enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)
17.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth 18.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance 恰当用词
1.accelerate: 后面接名词，表示“加速”，中性词，好事坏事都能用。
2.adequate: “足够的”，用来替代经常被使用的enough。
3.advance: 名词，“进步，发展”，用来替代文章开头经常使用的development，progress。
4.advisable / sensible: “合理的”，都可以替代reasonable。
5.cannot afford to: “不应当做”，不纯粹是我们说的“负担不起”。
6.be alert to something: “对…保持警惕”，后面接消极概念。
7.alternative: “其他的选择或办法”，比如an alternative is that… 就相当于in addition（除此 之外）了。
8.approach / channel: “方法，手段”，用来替代我们经常使用的一些简单词汇，如method 等等。9.approve of something: “批准，同意”，注意不要
忘记介词of。
10.attach importance to something: 表示“重视，强调”，替代pay attention to。
11.ban / prohibit something: “禁止，杜绝”，表达这个含义时尽量不要使用stop。
12.barrier / obstacle: “障碍、阻碍”，名词，在写作考试中经常被用到。
13.capital / fund: 解决社会问题时一般都会提到需要投资，可以用到这两个单词，替代money。
Finance 金融 financial 14.challenging: “困难，有难度”，用来替代difficult。
15.in such circumstances: “在这类情况下”，写作时用于总结某个内容。
16.considerable: “相当大，相当多的”，非常常用的修饰语，比如considerable changes就是相当大的变化。17.in contrast: “相反”，用来替代我们经常使用的on the contrary，on the other hand。
18.copy / repeat one’s experience / success: “借鉴别人的经验，成功经验”。
19.critical: “至关重要的”，用于替代已经被用滥的important。
20.currently: “目前”，用来替代now，nowadays。21.damage: 作为名词，含义是“损失、损失金额”，动词“损坏”的搭配能力非常强，和表示物品或抽象概念的词都可以放在一起使用，因此可以用来替代destroy。
22.decline: “衰退”，表示数字下降得比较缓慢，在图表作文中根据图表曲线的实际情况使用，替代我们使用的普通单词decrease。
23.demonstrate / illustrate: “说明，表明”，用在图表作文中替代show，reveal等单词。
24.drop: “下降”，用来替代decrease。这个词表示下降比较快，如果再用修饰语，应当是sharply，dramatically，drastically。这三个单词一般都用在消极的单词上。积极的用greatly。
25.emerge as: “逐渐崛起并成为”，这个词组虽然很短，但是含义非常复杂，可以用在文章的开头，表达某种事物或社会现象从无到有，并迅速传播。比如 Internet has emerged as a channel for people to exchange information。
26.employ: “采纳，采用”，与表示“观点，方法，政策，法令”等英语单词搭配使用，用来替代adopt。
27.enforce: “执行”法律法规，通常用于作文结束部分，对某个社会问题提出解决办法时使用。28.essential: “至关重要，核心的”，形容词，用来替代important。
29.It is generally established that: “众所周知，公认”。
30.exchange: 这个词才是文化，教育等方面的“交流”，而不是communication。
expand: “扩大”，后面接影响，范围一类的词汇。
32.facet / factor: “方面，因素”，写作时尽量避免使用element，这个词中国人用得不是很好，aspect因为用的人较多，也可以避免。
33.fail to do: “没有能够”，可以适当替换带有cannot的句子。
34.frequently: “经常”，替代often，表示发生频率很高。
35.fresh / novel: “新的”，比如fresh idea等，都可以用来替代我们经常使用的new。36.fulfill: “完成，取得”，记住以下词组，fulfill the task, fulfill the dream, fulfill the role。
37.give priority to something: “重视，优先考虑”。
38.give rise to something: “引发，导致…的出现”，积极消极概念都可以使用。39.given that: “由于…原因”，可以用在句子的开始位置，后面接完整的句子，相当于 because。40.greatly / remarkably: “非常，相当”，作为褒义词，可以用在表示上升、前进、发展等积极含义的单词前面加强程度。41.household: “家庭”，这个词偏重的家庭生活中的设备，物质概念，因此，比如计算机，汽车等设备进入家庭，就应当用enter the household，而不是我们用的home或family。生活垃圾也可以表达为household wastes。
42.be ignorant about something: “对…没有引起足够重视”，表示没有意识到。
43.increasingly: “越来越”，副词，可以用在动词和形容词前面，加深程度。
44.individualistic / selfish / self-centered: 都是“自私的”含义，可以交替使用。
45.inspire / stimulate: “鼓励”，替代encourage。46.for instance: “例如”，虽然这个词组我们经常见到，但很少有人在写作文时用它来替代for example。
47.instruct: “教育”，名词形式为instruction，同educate，education交替使用。
48.intend to do: “计划，打算”，可以替代be going to等词组，表达做事的意愿。49.make investment into: “投资，投入”，投资是解决社会问题的一个核心方式，因此这个词组在英语写作中经常会用到。
50.issue: “问题”，中性词，我们平常使用的problem是贬义词，因此比如网络问题等词组都应当用issue来表达。
51.launch a campaign to do something: “大力开展…活动”。
52.maintain: “一贯认为，坚持认为”，一般写成somebody maintains that，后面使用完整的句子，用来替代think, believe。
53.major: “主要的”，用来替代main。
54.misleading: “误导的，错误的”，替代wrong。55.observe: “遵守”，后面接名词，如法律法规等。
56.be out of / be short of: “耗尽”/“短缺”，用来替代lack，同时提醒大家lack这个词的动词形式在英语中使用的很少。
57.outlook: “前景，未来”，用来替代future。当然，如果用future，就可以加个修饰语，比如
foreseeable future等等。
58.possess: “拥有”，用于替代have，既可以表示拥有具体事物，也可以说拥有抽象品质，特征。59.poverty-stricken: “贫困的，低收入的”，替代poor。
60.practice: “（广泛，大范围）的从事”，常与laws and regulations, policy或其他类似范畴的单词连用，用来替代carry out。
61.profit: “好处”，这个词本来是指经济上的利润，但现在可以用来替代benefit，表示广义的好处。
62.progress: “发展，进步”，可以同advance交替使用，以避免重复，并可以替代development。63.a range of / a series of / a string of: “一系列”，特别是后两个单词通常都可以用在消极概念前边，可以用作修饰语，增加文章长度。
64.relieve: “减轻，缓解”，用于消极概念前，词组为relieve somebody of something“消除某人的…。
65.remain: “一直处于某状态”，后面一般使用形容词。
66.resolve difference: “消除分歧，差异”，常用写作词组。
67.rewarding: “有收效，有回报的”，用在方法手段或政策法规的内容上。
68.shrink: 过去式和过去分词为shrank，shrunk，“缩小，减少”，用来替代我们经常使用的decrease。
69.slight / slightly: “稍微，有点”，这个词可以在我们写作文时做修饰语，比如slight difference或drop slightly，起到增加字长和提高单词水平的作用。
70.strategy: “策略”，其实也就是“方法手段”的含义，自然就可以替代method，way等单词。71.strengthen: “加强，巩固，改善”，同improve交替使用，以避免重复。
72.sufficient: “足够的”，用在资金，资源等单词前做修饰语，替代enough。
73.system: 这个词的搭配能力非常强，比如educational system, legal system, economic system等等，只要形容词后面加上这个词，其实就成了形容词本身可以变化的名词，上面三个例子就可以理解为教育，法律或者经济。74.threaten: “威胁到，危及”，后面接诸如环境，发展，进步等单词。
75.traditionally: “过去”，用于替代in the past。
76.when it comes to something: “当我们谈到…时”，用于文章开头。
第四篇：英语高级词汇替换
英语写作《高级词汇替换》 ★ 形容词：
1.贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2.富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3.优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4.积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5.消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable 6.明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7.健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 8.惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9.美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10.有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11.流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive 1.Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant 2.Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous 3.Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful 4.Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent 5.Poor 贫穷的Impoverished 7.Serious 严重的Severe 8.Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 9.cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive ★ 动词：
1.提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 2.引起：cause = trigger = endanger 3.解决： 高考英语作文中《关于复杂句型和高级词汇》
①词汇篇
单词可以说一个人单词量的展现，如果总停留在使用very good等小学词汇，那老师把你当成发育不完全也正常.所以要使用一些高级词汇（就象是给文章穿上了成人内衣），我不建议大家用考纲以外的词汇（当然你能用更好），夏哥可以教你用高级替换简单词汇~~
severe 替换掉serious（严重的）
a severe water shortage严重缺水
needy替换掉 ppor（贫穷的）
wealthy 替换掉 rich（富裕的）
benificial 替换掉 good（有益的）
undesirable 替换掉 bad（不好的，不受欢迎的）
nevertheless 替换掉 however（然而，不过）
fundamental / significant 替换掉 important（重要的）
relevant 替换掉 related（有关的）
....is highly relevant to.......extraodinary 替换掉 surprising（惊人的，非凡的）
provided/providing（that）替换掉
if（如果.....）
promote /strengthen 替换掉 improve（提高，加强）
More should be done to strengthen industry's links with universities.应该做更多的事情加强工业界和大学的联系.cope with 替换掉 solve（解决）
motivate 替换掉 encourage（激励）
We are looking for someone who will be able to motivate the staff to work hard.我们在寻找能激励职员们努力工作的人.jeopardize 替换掉 be bad to（损害，危及）
Failing exams could jeopardize her future.考试不及格危及她的前程.ease 替换掉 relieve（减轻，缓解）
To ease the problem of.....为了缓解....的问题.....well-being 替换掉 happiness（幸福，安康）
pros and cons 替换掉 advantages and disadvantages（好处和坏处）
You must consider all the pros and cons of the matter before you make a decision.在你做决定之前，必须考虑这个问题的正反两个方面.approach / method 替换掉 way（方法，方案）
adopt 替换掉 use（采用，采取）
the aged 替换掉 old people（老人）
adolescents 替换掉 the young（青少年）
employment 替换掉 job（就业）
affair 替换掉 thing（事情，东西）
bent 替换掉 gift（天赋，爱好）
catastrophe 替换掉（disaster 灾难）
subscribe to 替换掉 agree with（同意）
tend 替换掉 want（趋向于..想要.....）
I am tending to another customer at he moment.acquire 替换掉 gain（获得（尤指知识上的））
administration 替换掉 government（政府部门）
contribute to 替换掉 cause（引起）
extremely 替换掉 very（非常的）
frown on sth 替换 disagree with sth（不同意）
for instance 替换掉
for example（例如）
advocate 倡导
compensate for 弥补.....Spare no efforts for努力
In contemporary society 在当今社会A vast amount of 大量的 be abundant in 富有...on ones own account 为了某人自己的利益
at ones own risk 自行负责
on account of 由于
On no account绝不要
arise from 由....引起
Are these any matters arising from the last meeting？
这些事情都是由上次的会议引起的吗？
assess 评估，评价
Examinations are not the only means of assessing ones ability.考试不是评价一个人能力的唯一方法.authentic 真实的，可信的 gradual 逐渐的 There has been a gradual improvment in...over the last two years.过去的两年中...逐渐改善.....multiply rapidly...迅速增加.ripe 时候成熟的The country is ripe for change.国家已是时候改变.trend 趋势，趋向，潮流
The trend at the moment is that....现在..是一个趋势.....emphrasize 强调，重视
I’d like to emphrasize how important it is to....sustainable development 可持续发展
②句型篇
英语里面常用的句型也就那么几个，尽量往里套。能用到以下句型的千万别用一般陈述句，能用长句千万别用短句，最好一句话老长.每个句型我都弄个例句~~
倒装：
Not only di he speak correctly，but he spoke easily.Here comes a bus.Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here.双否：
The postman never fails to come on time.被动：Many things can be done to solve this problem.非限定：
The man is from the UK，which we can tell from his accent.定从：
This is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for which he came late.The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous
让步：
Child as he is，he can speak many foreaign languages.独立主格：
（With）There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their officers guiding them.③常用句子篇
起到一个首饰的作用，让文章更销魂~~~~
这个有点头疼，多背一背吧~~~
Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
在过去的5年中这里发生的一些变化.A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications．
在世界的沟通与交流方面产生了巨大的变化.This is a phenomenon that.....有一个...的现象........It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．...从...增加到了...........People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth．
人们对..有不同的态度.When it comes to..., some think...当谈到...一些人认为..........There is a public debate today that...当今有一个公共的争论关于...........Recently the problem has been brought into focus.最近这个问题得到了关注.Now there is a growing awareness that...现在....的意识增强了.Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….有许多人，不是特别多，怀有这样的想法.....it is universally acknowledged that.........是一个社会的共识.....Just imagine what would be like if...设想一下如果......It is of great benefit to us....对我们是有很大的好处的.It has more disadvantages than advantages．
它有很多的优点和缺点.It plays an important role in our life．
它在我们的人生中扮演了很重要的角色....this story is not rare.这样的故事不少见...., such dilemma we often meet in daily life.这样的事情我们在生活中经常遇到...., the story still has a realistic significance.这个故事很有现实意义.But some others have just the opposite opinion.一些人有相反的意见.But every coin has two sides.每个硬币都有两面.（即每件事情都有两面）
As for me, I'm in favour of the latter opinion.我支持后者.promote the public awareness of 增强了...的公共认识
The government should take effective measures and immediate actions.政府应该采取及时有效的措施.To understand the truth of..., it is also important to see...为了理解...的真相......，认识到....也是重要的.A study of...will make this point clear.一项研究使这个观点更清楚了.There is no point(use)in doing.....做...是没有意义的.Distinguished scientific accomplishment is a matter of opportunity and of continuous and concentrated effort over long years.(很优美的句子,值得借鉴)from the …point of view 从…角度来看
最近, XXXXX现象引起了人们的广泛关注
Recently, the phenomenon of(that)…… has aroused wide public concern
随着社会(科技)的发展,人们开始注意到XXXX的重要性
Along with the advance of the society(science and technology), people are attaching much importance to ……
Take...for an example, it is a very obvious case.拿..来说，这是个很明显的案例.Some people argue that….., whereas others maintain that….一些人争论.....另一些人支持....观点.就我个人而言(老实说), 我全力支持前者(后者)
As for me, I am in high favor of the former(latter)
Personally, I side with the former(latter)
Frankly speaking/ To be frank/ To be honest/ Honestly speaking, it is the former(latter)that I approve of
我认为(在我看来,就我看来,我的观点是, 我想….)
I am convinced that….As far as I am concerned, …..To my point of view, …..From where I stand, ……
We should take some effective measures．
我们应该采取有效的措施.We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．
我们应该努力克服困难.Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...当然，B有自身的优势，比如........As far as we know....正如我们所知道的...In a certain sense......在某种情况下......There is no denying the fact that.....不可否认的事实是.....结尾常用句：
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw....the conclusion that...In summary, it is wiser...In short.....From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that...英语《高级词汇替换》
1．occur 替换 think of Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.→ An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2．devote替换spend He spends all his spare time in reading.→ He devotes all his spare time to reading.3．seek替换want / look for They sought(wanted)to hide themselves behind the trees.4．average 替换ordinary I’m an average(ordinary)student.5．but替换very The film we saw last night was very interesting.→ The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.6．seat 替换sit On his way to school, he found an old lady seated(sitting)by the road, looking worried.7．suppose 替换should He is supposed to(should)have driven more slowly.8．appreciate 替换thank Thank you very much for you help.→
We appreciate your help very much./ Your help is much appreciated.9．the case替换 true I don’t think it is the case(true).10．on替换as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research.→ On his arrival, he began his research..11．due to替换because of He arrived late due to(because of)the storm.12．cover替换walk/read After covering(walking)10 miles, we all felt tired.13．contribute to替换 be helpful/useful Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study.→ Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.14．round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby ① The summer vacation is round the corner(coming).Do you have any plans? ② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner(nearby).15．come to light替换discover The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels.→ The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16．have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself After visiting the workshop, we went back to school.Every one of us had a ball(had a good time).17．come up with替换think of Jack is very clever.He often comes up with(thinks of)new ideas.18．set aside替换save Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.19．be of + n.替换adj.The products are of high quality(very good)and are sold everywhere in China.20．refer to 替换talk about/of, mention The professor you referred to(talked about)is very famous.21．can not but / can not help but替换have to do I could not but(had to)go home.22．more often than not替换usually More often than not(Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.23．lest替换so that /in order that I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it.→ I wrote down his telephone number lest I(should)forget it.24．be long for sth./ be long to do sth.替换want to do sth./wish for I want to see you very much.→ I am long to see you.25．be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in He is caught up in(very interested in)collecting stamps.26．more than替换very ① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September.→ I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.27．perfect(ly)替换good/ very well He speaks perfect(good)English./ He speaks English perfectly(very well).28．do sb a/the favor 替换help Would you please do me the favor(help me)to turn down the radio? 29．the other day替换a few days ago The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.30．in the course of替换during In the course of(During)the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.31．the majority of替换most The majority of(Most of)the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.32．consist of替换be made up of Our class consists of(is made up of)50 students.33．be worn out替换 be tired / broken ① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out(tired).② My shoes are worn out(broken).Please buy me a new pair.34．become of替换 happen What do think has become of(happened to)him ? 35．attend to替换look after 36．on condition that替换as long as 37．nevertheless替换however 38．express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with 39．spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to do 40．many a 替换many 41．be rushed off one’s feet 替换be busy in doing 42．a handful of替换a little / some 43．meanwhile替换at the same time 44．get to one’s feet替换stand up 45．beneath替换under 46．occasionally替换sometimes /once in while 47．for instance替换for example 48．seldom替换not often 49．wealthy替换 rich 50．amazing替换surprising 51．as a matter of fact 替换in fact
第五篇：英语合同用词特点
英语合同用词特点-用词专业性
June 16th, 2009Sailingo
英语合同用词不以大众是否理解和接受为转移，它是合同语言准确表达的保障。英语合同用词具有高度的专业性，很多英语合同专业词不可用同意的其它词代替，这也是导致非专业人事做英语合同翻译时经常出现错误的原因。
英语合同中以下用词有固定的译法，不可随意用近义词或同意词代替：
瑕疵 defect，救济 remedy，不可抗力 force majeure/Act of God，管辖 jurisdiction，损毁 damage，灭失 loss，损害赔偿 indemnities，不用“compensation”，服务赔偿 credit（对于不能达到合同约定服务等级时对服务费用的赔偿），其他事项 miscellaneous，不用“other matters/events”。
“因为”的短语多用“by virtue of”，远远多于“due to”一般不用“because of”；
“财务末”一般用“at the close of the fiscal year”，而不用“in the end of the fiscal year”；
“在……之前”一般用“prior to”，而不用“before”；
“关于”常用“as regards”, “concerning”或“relating to”，而不会用“about”； “事实上”用“in effect”，而不用“in fact”；
“开始”用“commencement”，而不用“start”或“begin”；
“停止做”用“cease to do”，而不用“stop to do”；
“理解合同”用“construe a contract” 或“comprehend a contract”，而不用“understand a contract”；
“认为”用“deem”,用“consider”少，不用“think”或“believe”；
“愿意做”用“intend to do”或“desire to do”,而不用“want to do”, “wish to do”；
“依照合同相关规定”一般说“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等，不说“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”； “合同任何一方当事人不得转让本合同”英文表述为“Neither party hereto may assign this contract”，其中“hereto”表示“to the contract”，选用“Neither party to the contract”较少。
英语合同结构特点-Witness, Whereas, Now therefore,In witness whereof June 28th, 2009Sailingo
一份完整的英文合约通常可以分为标题、序文、主文条款及结尾辞四大部份。「标题」在开宗明义地显示合约的性质；「序文」是用最简单的说明，大略介绍合约订立的背景；「主文条款」里包括依各种合约性质的不同而约定的特殊条款，以及不论何种类型合约都会出现的一般条款；最后「结尾辞」则是当事人签名前的一段文字，为整份合约画下句点。以下分别就此四部份为说明。
一、合约的标题
英文合约和中文合约都一样，标题并不是一定要有的，因为当事人间的法律关系是用合约内容的各个条款来判断，标题基本上不会产生任何影响。但为方便辨识的考量，合约撰写人通常都会依照合约性质，在合约首页的最上方给予一个适当的标题，例如“Share Purchase Agreement”（股份收购合约）、“Joint Venture Agreement”（合资合约）、“Loan Agreement”（贷款合约）、“Distribution Agreement”（经销合约）、“License Agreement”（授权合约）等等。)U9 P-a)
至于标题中可能使用的 “agreement”、“contract”、“letter”、“memorandum”、“understanding” 等各式各样的名称。使用名称不同，在法律上可能有不同的约束力。
二、合约的序文
英文合约在标题之后，各式各样的条款出现之前，通常会先有一段「序文」，一般而言不会占去太多的篇幅，目的在很简略地介绍合约规范内容之人、事、时、地、物等背景，让阅读合约的人在接触冗长复杂的主文前，先有一个基础的认识与心理准备。
详细来说，序文通常又分作以下两个段落：第一部份文字叫“commencement”，也就是合约的「开场白」，内容在说明合约当事人姓名或名称、当事人的国籍与住所或主营业所、订约日期等等。
This Share Purchase Agreement is made on the 3rd day of May, 1991 by and between:
(1)ENTERPRISES HOJAEC SA, a company organized and existing under the laws of France and having its registered office& at 89 rue Albert Thomas, 75010 Paris and(2)Mark Gilbert Handerson, an individual with nationality of the United States of America(Passport No.12345678), residing at 2199 Palm Street, Pleasant Hill, California 94509, USA.本股份收购契约订立于公元一九九一年五月三日，双方当事人为：
(1)依法国法律组织设立的ENTERPRISES HOJAEC SA公司，注册所在地为48 rue Albert Thomas, 75010 Paris
(2)美国籍的Mark Gilbert Handerson(护照号码12345678)，居住于2199 Palm Street, Pleasant Hill, California 94509, USA。
by and between%
要表示合约是由哪些当事人所订定，英文中通常会说“This Agreement is made by and between…”，用“by”来表示合约「被谁订定」，“between”来表示「谁与谁之间的合意」。如果当事人不只两个，也可以用“by and among”来代替。
organized and existing;
合约开场白里要说明当事人的国籍，在自然人的情况下可以用“a national of …”或“an individual with the nationality of …”来表示，如果是法人组织多半使用“organized and existing under the laws of …”这样的字眼，其中“organized”也可以用“incorporated”来代替。
registered office
“registered office”是指一个公司的「注册所在地」，它和“principal office”，即「主营业所」并不一定位于同一个地方。
第二部份叫做“Recitals“或“Preambles”，是由数个以“Whereas”字样开头的句子所组合而成（这些句子俗称为“Whereas Clauses”。“Whereas”的本义是“When in fact”、“considering that”、或“that being the case”的意思，所以“Whereas Clauses”就表示
当事人乃是在本于对这些事实（例如订约的目的、背景来由等）的共同认识，订立此合约。以下是一个经销契约（Distribution Agreement）的Whereas Clauses，很简单明了地叙述制造商与经销商双方合作的意愿。)
Whereas, Manufacturer is engaged in the manufacture and sale of the Products;
Whereas, Distributor is engaged in the importation and distribution of the related products of the Products in the Territory;and
Whereas, Distributor is desirous of becoming a distributor of the Products in the Territory.Now Therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows:
(*“Manufacturer”, “Products”, “Territory”, and “Distributor” are all to be defined in other parts of the contract.)
制造人乃从事本商品制造之公司。
销售人乃在经销区域从事与本商品相关商品进口与销售之公司。
销售人希望能在经销区域代销本商品。
基于以上之认识，双方当事人遂就下列各事项达成协议：
（*文中提到的「制造人」、「本商品」、「经销区域」及「经销商」都应该在合约的其它部份加以定义。）请参照本书第贰编之伍「定义条款」。
Now Therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows:
紧接在一串whereas clauses之后，会出现类似上例中的“Now Therefore, the parties hereto agree as follows:”这样一句话，目的在提醒阅读合约的人，真正规范订约当事人权利义务关系的条款在这句话之后就要开始了，也就是说，这句话（一般称为“operative part”）是序文与主文之间的桥梁，在此之前为订约背景事实的叙述，在此之后则为关于交易关系的实体约定。
实务上常见者，当事人签署一份合约之后，因为对同一交易事件还有后续的约定未及于该合约记载清楚，于是再另外作成第二份合约，作为先前合约的补充条款（supplemental clauses）。在这种情况下订立的第二份合约中，就会在Whereas Clauses 说明其缔约的来由与补充的性质。例如： T
WHEREAS, this Agreement is supplemental to an agreement dated 5 December 1989 between the parties to this Agreement(“the Principal Agreement”)under which the Purchaser agreed to buy certain assets of the Vendor for an aggregate sum of ￡3 million.本合约是为补充双方当事人前于公元****年十二月五日业已缔结之合约（以下称「主合约」）所订立，买方于主合约中同意向卖方购买总价值三百万英镑的资产。
三、主文条款
各式各样的主文条款是合约中最核心的部份，也是篇幅最大的部份，与当事人的权利义务关系发生最直接、最密切的牵连，例如买卖契约中一定要有价金、标的物等约定，合资契约中一定要约定各股东间的出资比例，授权契约一定要谈到授权范围等等，这些都是主文部份要详细记载的。
本书拟将英文合约中的主文条款大分为两类：「特殊条款」与「一般条款」。所谓「特殊条款」指的是只有在某些特定性质的合约中才会出现的条款，例如合资契约中通常会约定当事人合资成立的公司由谁来管理，董事与监察人由谁来担任等等问题，但是抵押契约就不会
有这些约定。反过来说，抵押契约中一定要记载的抵押品项目、抵押期限等等，在合资契约中就不会出现。诸如此类的「特殊条款」将留待本书之后续－「进阶篇」来详细介绍。相对于「特殊条款」的所谓「一般条款」，指的是不论合约性质如何，几乎所有的合约中都会记载的条款，例如管辖法院的约定、保密条款、准据法条款等等，将于本书第贰编中详细介绍，在此亦不赘述。
四、合约的结尾辞
英文合约架构中的最后一个部份就是结尾辞与当事人的签名。所谓「结尾辞」指的是在当事人签名之前经常会出现一段文字，除了表明签名人确实有签名的正当权限外，还会载明签名的日期。至于签名栏的部份，如果当事人是公司的话，除了要盖公司印鉴以外，还要有代表人的签名，并且通常会注明代表人的职称(title)。
IN WITNESS WHEREOF&, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by duly authorized representatives of both parties on the date and year first written above.___________________ ___________________
By: By:;Title: Title:
本约由被授权之人，于本约序文所记载日期，代表双方当事人缔结之，特此为证。_________________ __________________代表人： 代表人：职称： 职称：
IN WITNESS WHEREOF
这三个字是英文合约结尾辞的标准模式，就权利义务的规范上并没有什么特别的功能或意义，与中文合约里最后通常会记载的「恐口说无凭，特立本约为证」很类似，有时候会用“INTENDING TO BE LEGALLY BOUND”代替，意思也是一样的。duly authorized representatives
当合约之当事人为法人组织时，必须推派出一位自然人作为代表，例如公司的代表人通常会是董事长，代表公司与其它人订立合约，建立权利义务关系。除了董事长根据法律当然具备对外代表公司的权限之外，公司董事会也可以决议授权某一个董事、总经理、或其它重要职员作为公司签约的代表人，此时与公司签约的对方当事人为了确保这个代表人的确属于“duly authorized representative”，可以要求公司提供这个授权的董事会决议证明，以妥善保护自己的权益。the date and year first written above 如果合约结尾辞里注明的日期和合约最前面序文所载的日期相同，就用这句话表示，如果不同的话，就应该另以条款明定合约生效日（Effective Date，请参考本书第贰编之拾参「合约之期间与更新」），以免产生争议。
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