欠条与借条有区别

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第一篇:欠条与借条有区别

欠条与借条有区别

在我们的生活中,人们往往会将借条写成欠条,将欠条写成借条。其实,借条和欠条是有区别的。

一、借条证明借款关系,欠条证明欠款关系。借款肯定是欠款,但欠款则不一定是借款。

二、借条形成的原因是特定的借款事实。欠条形成的原因很多,可以基于多种事实而产生,如因买卖产生的欠款,因劳务产生的欠款,因企业承包产生的欠款,因损害赔偿产生的欠款,等等。

三、当借条持有人凭借条向法院起诉后,由于通过借条本身较易于识辨和认定当事人之间存在的借款事实,借条持有人一般只需向法官简单地陈述借款的事实经过即可,对方要抗辩或抵赖一般都很困难。但是,当欠条持有人凭欠条向法院起诉后,欠条持有人必须向法官陈述欠条形成的事实,如果对方对此事实进行否认、抗辩,欠条持有人必须进一步举证证明存在欠条形成事实。

第二篇:反文旁与欠字旁的区别

反文旁与欠字旁的区别

湘潭云龙实验学校

李雨露

教学目标

1、初步掌握反文旁和欠字旁这两个偏旁的书写要领。

2、了解带有这两个偏旁的字的一般书写规律。

3写好“微、软、政、效、敢、欣、炊、欧”,写得正确、端正、比例恰当。

教学重点:通过本课教学,巩固正确“双姿”,唤起学生写字的热情。教学难点:反文旁和欠字旁的写法。教学时数:一课时 教学过程:

一、复习导入:

1、复习双姿,做好准备

a、复习坐姿:身正、肩平、臂开、足安。b、复习执姿:一尺、一拳、一寸(三个一)

2、提出新的要求:看准想好再落笔,书写时要多动脑筋。

二、新授:

1、师在黑板上写上“微”和“软”,请学生仔细观察。

引入课题并板书:反文旁和欠字旁

说一说:你还知道反文旁的字有哪些?欠字旁的字有哪些?(师根据学生反馈情况板书)

2、请学生说一说如何如何写好这两个偏旁。师总结:写好反文的关键是书写时找到短横和长撇的起笔位置。(教师可在黑板上放大作示范书写并引导学生观察短横和长撇的起笔位置。)

写好欠字边的关键是看清楚两撇的形状变化:第一撇是短的斜撇,第二撇是长的竖撇。

3、书写指导。

(1)“写写偏旁”。通过练习初步掌握反文和欠字边这两个偏旁的书写要领。

反文:这个偏旁分四笔写成。书写时第一笔撇和第二笔横不宜太长。第二笔短横从撇的中间偏下处起笔。第三笔竖撇从横的中间起笔,大约竖到该笔画的二分之一处再向左下撇出,撇用笔宜轻,笔画宜细。最后一笔捺,不要过于僵硬,捺脚要充分、舒展。

欠字边:第二笔横钩在短撇中间偏下处起笔,不宜太宽。第三笔撇略靠右,稍收敛,捺舒展。

重点提示:反文和欠字边在整个字的运用中要注意笔画的穿插。

带反文和欠字边的字练习时要多关注笔画间的穿插。一些关键性的笔画从哪里起笔到哪里收笔要提醒学生,引导学生自己观察,以防字的结构不合理。“穿插”是左右结构的合体字书写时很重要的一条结字规律,教学时可灵活运用学生身边的诸多事例来引导他们深刻理解:如同桌关系的和谐需礼让,座位的空间大小需根据实际情况来安排等等。向学生渗透人与人之间也要注意“穿插礼让”,只有这样,才会有一个和谐团结的集体。(2)“自己练练”。带反文的字一般左右两部分宽窄相等,书写时要注意笔画间的穿插,尽量向中间靠拢,避免结构松散。带欠字边的字有时左窄右宽,如“次”、“吹”等,三册已经学习这里不再重复叙述,有时左右等宽,书写前要看清左右两部分的高低,更要注意穿插是否合理。

4、例字指导

“微”,左中右相等,反文第二撇收笔可伸向左部,中间要短,以此穿插礼让。

“软”,左右长短宽窄基本相等,“车”右部要齐平,“欠”第二撇也可适当插入左部提笔下方空间,是左右两部分咬合,浑然一体。“政”,左右基本相等,左收右放,左部“正”改横为提,右部齐平。右部反文撇收捺放,对比明显。

“效”,左右基本相等,左部“交”收缩,改捺为点,右部齐平以让右。右部反文撇收捺放,注意字中心部分空间均匀、紧凑。“敢”,左长右短,左部横画左长右短,右部反文一部分笔画致注意穿插,以分割字中心空间,使字内布白匀称。

“欣”,左右相等,左部两撇分别为斜撇和竖撇,竖撇上半部分起笔写短横,短横中间写垂露短竖。右部两撇注意穿插,撇收捺放。

“炊”,左短右长,左收右放,左部“火”缩捺为点,以让右。“欧”,左短右长,左收右放,右部“欠”两撇注意变化,并关注与左部的

四、练习书写

生字描红。

五、板书设计

微、软、政、效、敢、欣、炊、欧”

结构相平衡

第三篇:材料与设备的区别

 材料与设备的区别——

 ①凡是经过加工制造,由多种材料和部件按各自用途组成独特结构,具有功能、容

量及能量传递或转换性能的机器、容器和其他机械、成套装置等均为设备。设备分为需要安装与不需安装的设备、定型设备和非标准设备。

 定型设备——经过反复改进后,符合国家规范和标准的,在较长时间里适应生产和

生活需要,而能批量生产制造的,不再轻易改型的设备。

非标准设备——为了生产和生活特定需要而设计加工制造的,超出国家规范和标

准的,不批量生产的设备。

 成套设备——按系统的成套设计图纸,经过生产厂家加工制造,主体、部件配套齐

全,经过配套试车或试验合格,并带有完整的试验和试车记录的设备。

 非成套设备——若只供应主体或部件,未经配套试车,也没有试验和试车报告记录的设备。

 ②为完成建筑、安装工程所需的经过工业加工的原料和在工艺生产过程中不起单元

工艺生产作用的设备本体以外的零配件、附件、成品、半成品等,均为材料。设备与材料的划分,可从《全国统一安装工程预算定额》第一篇至第十二

篇中的计价材料和未计价材料项里去理解和掌握,下面的实例也可帮助对其划分的理解。

 设备与材料划分举例:

(l)电气工程

①各种电力变压器、互感器、调压器、感应移相器、电抗器、高压断路器、高

压熔断器、稳压器、电源调整器、高压隔离开关、装置式空气开关、电力电容器、蓄电池、磁力启动器、交直流报警器、成套供应的箱、盘、柜、屏及其随设备带来的母线和支持瓷瓶,均为设备;

②各种电缆、电线、管材、型钢、桥架、梯架、槽盒、立柱、托臂、灯具及其

开关、插座。按钮等均为材料;

③小型开关、保险器、杆上避雷器、各种避雷针、各种绝缘子、金具、电线杆、铁塔。各种支架等均为材料;

④各种装在墙上的小型照明配电箱、0.5 kw照明变压器、电扇、铁壳开关、电铃等小型电器均为材料。

(3)管道工程

①公称直径300mm以上的阀门和电动阀门为设备;

②各种管道、公称直径 300mm以内的阀门、管件、配件及金属结构件等均为

材料;

③各种栓类、低压器具、卫生器具、供暖器具、现场自制的钢饭水箱,及民用

燃气管道和附件、器具、灶具等均为材料。

第四篇:一般过去时与现在完成时区别

一、现在完成时

1.现在完成时的构成:助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。

2.现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。

We are good friends.(现在的情况)I knew him in 1997.(过去的动作)

We have known each other since 1997.(现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在)

(1)表完成和结果:动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如:-Have you had lunch yet?

在我不饿了)

(2)表持续:从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。

如:He has taught here since 1981.(可能还要继续教)

(3)表经验:说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice, ever,never, three times等时间状语。如: I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。

3.现在完成时的时间状语

(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last

Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。

a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未”等。

如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。

例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见

过。

He has been there three times the last few days.近几天他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。

例如:-Have you met him today?-No, I haven't.今天你见过他吗?我 没有。

How many times have you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次?

(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时

刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven't seen him for two years.但是,像come, arrive, buy等

短暂性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用,必须改为延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由

短暂性动词到延续性动词的转换:

arrive →be herebegin(start)→be ondie →be deadcome back →be back

leave →be awayfall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up →be up1-Yes, I have.I've just had it.(现

go out →be outfinish →be overput on →wear 或be onopen→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of„close →be closedgo to school →be a student

borrow →keepbuy→havecatch(a cold)→have(a cold)get to know →know

begin to study →studycome to work →work等

如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。

4.几点注意事项

(1)have been(to)与have gone(to)的区别:have been(to)表示去过某地(现在已经回来了);have

gone(to)表示去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两

次。He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。

(2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。

如:It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去

世已有两年了。

(3)短暂性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语

连用。

如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。

(4)表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时,用现在完成时,要加表示一段时间的时间状语时,常

用 for+一段时间, since+时间点,since+一段时间+ago.如:I have lived here since my childhood.我从小就一直住在这里。

(5)在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用 how long。如:How long have you lived here?

注意:在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时,根据终止时间的不同,时态使用是不一样的。如:

I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在这里住了一周。

I have lived here for a week by now.到现在为止,我已经在这里住了一周。

I will live here for a week next year.明年我会在这里住一周。

二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在;而一般过去时表示过去的事实,与现在没有关系。

I have just been to London.I went there last month.我刚去过伦敦,是上个月去的。

1.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调

过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

2.过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week,„ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间

状语

共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in

past years, always,3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, work, study,know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。

---Will somebody go and get Dr.White?---He's already been sent for.句中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last week, in 1960)时,要用过去时。

(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、练习题

1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday.I _______ it on.It fits me well.A.had made„have triedB.made„have triedC.has made„triedD.made„tried“He ____to draw horses already”.“When ______ he ?” “ Last year “

A.learned„hasB.learned„didC.has learned„hasD.has learned„did

3.Tom _____up into the tree.Look, he ____ high up there!

A.has got„isB.has climbed„wasC.got „wasD.climbed„is

4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.A.Did„copy„didB.Have„copied„haveC.Have„copied„didD.Did „copy„had

5.“Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now.”

A.did„get„shoutedB.has„got„shoutedC.did„get„has shoutedD.has„got„has shouted

6.______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?

A.Have „seen„did„see

C.Have„seen„have„seenB.Did „see„did„watchD.Did „see„have„seen

7.You ____ me waiting for two hours.I ____ for you since five.A.kept„waitedB.have kept„waitedC.kept„have waitedD.have kept„have waited

8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library.He _________ there for an hour.A.has„been„has gone B.has„gone„has beenC.did„go„wentD.did„be„went

9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.A.Has„cried„has stoppedB.Is„crying„stopped

C.Did „cry„stoppedD.Is„crying„has stopped

10.I _______ the way.I ________ here for quite many years.A.knew„have livedB.knew„liveC.know„have livedD.know„live

11._____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.A.Have„gone toB.Have„gone inC.Have„been toD.Have „been in

12.My brother ____college for over three years.A.has gone toB.has been toC.has been inD.has been at

13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989.He ______ in the army since then.A.joined„isB.has joined„has beenC.had joined„isD.had joined „has been

14.By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites.A.came„have sentB.came„had sentC.come„have sentD.had come„sent

15.Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock.Then he ____ a rest.A.went„tookB.went„had takenC.had gone„tookD.had gone„had taken

16.We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.A.had found„had beenB.had found„wasC.found„had beenD.found„was

17.Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.A.reaches„has got B.reached„had gotC.reached„gotD.had reached„got

18.I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.A.wrote„heardB.wrote„had heardC.had written„heardD.have written„hear

19.People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.A.say„had stoppedB.said„has stoppedC.say„stoppedD.said„had stopped

20.We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.A.didn’t get„had hadB.got„had hadC.had got„had hadD.got„hadn’t had

21.They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.A.flew„arrivedB.had flown„had arrivedC.flew„had arrivedD.had flown„arrived

22.She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.A.says„has rainedB.says„had rainedC.said„had rainedD.said„rained

23.John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.A.had worked„knewB.had worked„had knownC.worked„knewD.worked„had known

24.He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.A.had got„had waitedB.got„waitedC.had got„waitedD.got„had waited

25.-I have seen the film “Titanic” already.-When __________ you __________ it?-The day before yesterday.A.have; seenB.will; seeC.did; seeD.did; seen

26.Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.A.livedB.has livedC.livesD.is going to live

27.We ____________ trees last Sunday.So far we __________ over 3,000 trees there.A.planted; plantedB.planted; have plantedC.have planted; plantedD.have planted; have planted

28.—I’m sorry, Cathy, I ______ your radio for such a long time.—Never mind.A.have borrowedB.have lentC.have keptD.have returned

29.—Where have you ______ these days?—I have ______ to Yangzhou with my friends.A.been, goneB.been, beenC.gone, beenD.gone, gone

30.—Where is your father? We haven’t seen each other for weeks.—______.A.He has been to America

B.He has gone to EnglandD.He would visit my grandparentsC.He is going to Australia

31.They have ______ since the factory opened.A.left the schoolB.joined the teamC.become workersD.worked here

32.Jim ______ the Great Wall many times.A.went toB.goes toC.has gone toD.has been to

33.It ______ ten years since they ______ to France.A.was, movedB.was, have movedC.is, have movedD.is, moved

34.—______ to the United States?—No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.A.Have you beenB.Have you goneC.Did you goD.Will you go

35.I won’t go to see the film tonight because I ______ my ticket.A.didn’t loseB.have lostC.will loseD.didn’t have

36.Miss Wu has taught in this school ______.A.for ten yearsB.ten years agoC.since ten yearsD.for ten years ago

37.I ______ today’s homework already.What about you?

A.have finishedB.finishC.to finishD.finishing

38.—Ann has gone to Shanghai.—So ______ her parents.A.hasB.hadC.didD.have

第五篇:一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题

一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题

一、现在完成时

1.现在完成时的构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。

2.现在完成时的用法

现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。We are good friends.(现在的情况)

I knew him in 1997.(过去的动作)

We have known each other since 1997.(现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在)

(1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。-Have you had lunch yet?

-Yes, I have.I've just had it.你(已经)吃午饭了吗? 我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)

(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。

如:He has taught here since 1981

他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)

I haven't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。

(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。

如: I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。

3.现在完成时的时间状语

(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。

a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。

如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。

如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。

例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days.近几天他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。

例如:-Have you met him today?-No, I haven't.今天你见过他吗?我 没有。

How many times have you been there this year?

今年你去过那里多少次?

(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven't seen him for two years.但是,像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用,必须改为“be(在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:

arrive→be herebegin(start)→be on

die→be deadcome back→be back

leave →be awayfall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)

get up→be upgo out→be out

finish →be overput on→wear 或be on

open→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of…

close→be closedgo to school→be a student

borrow→keepbuy→have

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know

begin to study→studycome to work→work等

如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。

We have studied English for three years.我们(开始)学英语已三年了。

4.几点注意事项

(1)have been(to)与have gone(to)的区别:have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never, several times等连用,后者则不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。

He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。

(2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。

如:It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有两年了。(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。(4)表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时,用现在完成时,要加表示一段时间的时间状语时,常用 for+一段时间, since+时间点。

I have lived here since my childhood.我从小就一直住在这里。

I have lived here for 10 years.我在这已经住了10年了。

(5)在提问现在完成时的时间状语时通常用 how long

How long have you lived here?

注意:在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时,根据终止时间的不同,时态使用是不一样的。如:

I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在这里住了一周。

I have lived here for a week by now.到现在为止,我已经在这里住了一周。

I will live here for a week next year.明年我会在这里住一周。

二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在;而一般过去时表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系。

I have just been to London.I went there last month.我刚去过伦敦,是上个月去的。

1.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

2.过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语

共同的时间状语:

this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately

现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。举例:I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了。)I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)

Why did you get up so early?(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)

Who hasn't handed in his paper?(强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)

She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。

She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。

He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)

He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)

I have finished my homework now.---Will somebody go and get Dr.White?

---He's already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、练习题

1.A.用 already或 yet

1)Have they taken down the old pictures ___yet___? No, not ___haven’t_______.2)Most of us have finished our compositions _____阿拉ready___

3)He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _____yet___.B.用 since或 for

1)We have learned five lessons __scince____ the beginning of this term.2)Mrs Liao has been in hospital ___scince___last week.3)I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.C.用have gone或 have been

1)Where are the boy students ? They _____ to the school factory.2)Is your father in ? No, he ____ to Shenzhen._______he ever ______ there before ? Yes, he ___ there several times

3)He asked me if I_____ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I ____ never ____ to that city before.2.选择填空

1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday.I _______ it on.It fits me well.A.had made…have triedB.made…have triedC.has made…triedD.made…tried“He ____to draw horses already”.“When ______ he ?” “ Last year “

A.learned…hasB.learned…didC.has learned…hasD.has learned…did

3.Tom _____up into the tree.Look, he ____ high up there!

A.has got…isB.has climbed…wasC.got …wasD.climbed…is

4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.A.Did…copy…didB.Have…copied…haveC.Have…copied…didD.Did …copy…had

5.“Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now.”

A.did…get…shoutedB.has…got…shouted

C.did…get…has shoutedD.has…got…has shouted

6.______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?

A.Have …seen…did…seeB.Did …see…did…watch

C.Have…seen…have…seenD.Did …see…have…seen

7.You ____ me waiting for two hours.I ____ for you since five.A.kept…waitedB.have kept…waitedC.kept…have waited D.have kept…have waited

8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library.He _________ there for an hour.A.has…been…has gone B.has…gone…has beenC.did…go…wentD.did…be…went 9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.A.Has…cried…has stoppedB.Is…crying…stoppedC.Did …cry…stoppedD.Is…crying…has stopped

10.I _______ the way.I ________ here for quite many years.A.knew…have livedC.knew…liveC.know…have livedD.know…live

11._____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.A.Have…gone toB.Have…gone inC.Have…been toD.Have …been in

12.My brother ____college for over three years.A.has gone toB.has been toC.has been inD.has been at

13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989.He ______ in the army since then.A.joined…isB.has joined…has beenC.had joined…isD.had joined …has been

14.By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites.A.came…have sentB.came…had sentC.come…have sentD.had come…sent

15.Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock.Then he ____ a rest.A.went…tookB.went…had takenC.had gone…tookD.had gone…had taken

16.We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.A.had found…had beenB.had found…wasC.found…had beenD.found…was

17.Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.A.reaches…has gotB.reached…had gotC.reached…gotD.had reached…got

18.I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.A.wrote…heardB.wrote…had heardC.had written…heardD.have written…hear

19.People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.A.say…had stoppedB.said…has stoppedC.say…stoppedD.said…had stopped 20.We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.A.didn’t get…had hadB.got…had hadC.had got…had hadD.got…hadn’t had

21.They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.A.flew…arrivedB.had flown…had arrived

C.flew…had arrivedD.had flown…arrived

22.She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.A.says…has rainedB.says…had rainedC.said…had rainedD.said…rained

23.John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.A.had worked…knewB.had worked…had known

C.worked…knewD.worked…had known

24.He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.A.had got…had waitedB.got…waitedC.had got…waitedD.got…had waited

25.-I have seen the film “Titanic” already.-When __________ you __________ it?

-The day before yesterday.A.have; seenB.will; seeC.did; seeD.did; seen

26.Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.A.livedB.has livedC.livesD.is going to live27.We ____________ trees last Sunday.So far we __________ over 3,000 trees there.A.planted; plantedB.planted; have plantedC.have planted; plantedD.have planted; have planted 练习答案:

1.A.1)already, yet2)already3)yet

B.1)since2)since3)since

C.1)have been2)has gone, Has, been, has been3)have been, have been

2.BDACAADBDCCDDBCABCDBDCADCBB

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