第一篇:(882)2014年大连理工大学环境科学与工程概论真题
(882)2014年大连理工大学环境科学与工程概论真题
一、名词解释(每个5分,共40分)
1、水体自净作用
2、生物脱氮
3、土壤水分
4、胞外聚合物
5、光化学烟雾
6、共代谢
7、PM2.58、人工湿地
二、判断并简述理由(每个10分,共30分)
1、处理有机废水时,好氧塘、厌氧塘、兼性塘类似,其溶解氧、PH基本无变化。
2、降水PH<5.6是,即为酸雨。
3、有机污染物进入环境后可发生降解过程而去除,其环境风险也随之去除。
三、简答题(每个10分,共60分)
1、简述城市污泥通过沼气工程后的资源化利用方式及其存在问题。
2、简述电镀含铬废水的常见处理技术(至少四种)及其运用条件。
3、考虑到动物反刍、饲料添加剂使用、废水处理不彻底,简述规模化畜禽养殖可能导
致的环境问题及危害。
4、含有重金属离子的有机废水,一般不适用于采用生物膜技术处理,若用生物膜技术
处理该废水,请你提出合适的解决策略。
5、污水中氮的组成以及它们在污水处理系统中去除途径。
6、有机化合物正辛醇---水分配系数、生物吸收与生物富集之间的联系。
四、案例分析(共20分)
天然水体或市政水体中,微污染物如抗生素药物与个人护理品、内分泌干扰物等普遍检出,它们具有浓度水平低、种类多、环境危害大等特点。然而,目前常用的废水三级处理工艺对微污染物处理是无效的,因此,对水体中微污染物全部、彻底去除是不可能实现的。请阐明你对微污染物的环境污染与控制的应对策略。
第二篇:2013年大连理工大学环境科学与工程专业课真题
2013年大连理工大学环境科学与工程专业课真题(环境科学概论,专业课是《环境化学《和《水污染控制工程(第三版上)》)
一、名词解释(每个6分,共30分)
1,环境内分泌干扰物
2,同步硝化反硝化
3,剂量-效应关系及EC504、污水回用深度处理
5、定量结构活性关系
二、简答(每个10分,共70分)
1、运用双膜理论,说说影响氧传递速率的因素
2,简述自然界氮循环过程,并说明可能会带来什么全球性环境问题 3,污水处理技术经济分析的内容以及方法
4,简述生物膜的形成过程及它与活性污泥处理的区别
三、论述(每个15分,共30分)
1、说我国农村污水现状严峻,湿地可能很重要,让你说说湿地的处理原理,常规处理类型,以及针对其缺点做相应的改进。
2、说节能灯汞污染,让你说说汞的迁移转化过程,汞的危害以及如何处理生产节能灯的工厂的汞污染。
四、综合题(一个,共20分)
背景是09年哥本哈根气候大会,关于中国水污染和短缺现状。让你以一名环境科学与工程技术人员的角度说说如何解决,采取什么措施,原理,以及为什么这样选择。
第三篇:大连理工大学土木工程概论 elevator speech
Yolanda Hu
201252055
World Population Day
Air Date: Week of July 5, 2013
The UN recently reported that the world population will reach
9.6 billion people in 2050.There are more than seven billion people living on earth today.At the same time, climate change is causing a significant sea level rise and flooding, as well as more wild fires and destructive storms.It arouses a question that whether our planet can support so many people? Population is still growing faster, particularly in the poorest countries in the world.However, we don’t have a proper strategy to get the population under control.It leads to a serious problem that our resources can’t bear the consumption of our people.So, what you have to do in the World Population Day is to state your representation to our government or public to release this issue.
第四篇:2018大连理工大学翻译硕士英语考研真题
大连理工大学2018翻译硕士英语考研真题
211翻译硕士英语
第一题是单选题,20个,词汇习题(参考凯程内部习题集)
第二题是改错题,2000年专八试题原题。
第三题阅读,专八水平,此部分今年题目较难
第四题作文,小作文是写邮件,大作文是讨论明星收入比重要人物高很多,是否公平
357英语翻译基础
第一题,词条50分,25个,成语俗语挺多,比如水滴石穿,也有像酱油这类词语
第二题,翻译理论,参考书目有五本。
第三题,三段英译汉,两段汉译英,英译汉有一段写麦当劳的,有点难
448汉语写作与百科知识
第一题-词条,一.名词解释 中国社会的主要矛盾 两个一百年 影子内阁 五角大楼 沪港通 实体经济 金砖国家 美联储
国际货币基金组织 贞观之治 甲午战争 鸿门宴 诺曼底登陆 美国南北战争 软实力
中国古代四大发明 端午节 五岳 一带一路 撒哈拉 马里亚纳海沟 北美五大湖 莎翁四悲剧 华尔街 中央政治局
第二.应用文
.校园交通安全通知(300字)2.奖学金审议会议纪要(300字)
第三.大作文,根据狐狸和刺猬各自智慧写一篇不少于800字的作文,自命题 推荐参考书目:
1-《新编汉英翻译教程》陈宏薇,李亚舟(主编)上海外语教育出版社
2-《新编英汉翻译教程》 孙致礼,上海外语教育出版社
3-《布局谋篇——英汉篇章互译技巧》,陈海庆等(编著)大连理工大学出版社
4-《实用翻译教程》冯庆华,上海外语教育出版社
5-《语言学教程》(修订版),胡壮麟,北京大学出版社
6-《英美文化基础教程》朱永涛,外语教学与研究出版社
7-《新编英美概况教程》周叔麟 , 北8京大学出版社 8-《现代汉语》黄伯荣 廖序东 高等教育出版社
9-《简明中国文学史》骆玉明 复旦大学出版社
10-《翻译硕士英语真题解析》天津科技翻译出版社
11-《汉语写作与百科知识真题解析》天津科技翻译出版社
12-《汉语写作与百科知识》 天津科技翻译出版社
(以上是报考大连理工大学翻译硕士英语的凯程学员回忆版,凯程葛老师提醒18大连理工大学翻译硕士考生,及时做好复试准备!)
第五篇:环境科学与工程专业英语
一、单词/词组(考试时要求:中译英/英译中)环境科学:environmental science
环境工程:environmental engineering
定量环境科学:quantitative environmental science 定性环境科学:qualitative environmental science 衰减再生:decay and recycling
新陈代谢率:metabolic rates
外来物质:foreign matter
研究和发展:Research and Development
一次大气污染物:primary air pollutant 二次大气污染物:secondary air pollutant
氧含量:Oxygen content
点源:point sources
沥青残留物:asphaltic residue
酸雨:acid rain
设备维护:facilities maintenance
废物最小化:waste minimization
正常浓度:normal concentration
胡乱收集:magpie collection
需氧量:oxygen demand/the amount of oxygen required 闭合回路:closed-loop
微生物:microbe/microorganisms
揭示大的差别;expose the considerable gaps
空气质量监测:air-quality monitoring
氧化剂:oxidizer
石油精炼:petroleum refining
活性炭:activated carbon
质量控制:quality control
海轮:ocean liner
挥发性化学物质:volatile chemicals
沙漠化:desertification
火山喷发:volcanic eruption
间歇源:intermittent sources
衡量浓度:trace concentrations
氯化物和硫化物:chlorides and sulphates
风化:wind erosion
不完全燃烧:incomplete combustion
化石燃料:fossil fuels
液滴:liquid droplets
SO3:sulfur trioxide
for managerial and administrative reasons行政管理上的原因stacks of generating stations许多发电站
Roman empire罗马皇帝
Cloaca maxima 古罗马的大排泄沟
Wate phosphorous 亚磷的(三价磷)
phosphorous acid亚磷酸
phosphoric磷的(五价)
carbonates,bicarbonates碳酸盐,碳酸氢盐
carbohydrates碳水化合物,主要含氢和碳
TOC(total organic carbon)总有机碳
COD(chemical oxygen demand)化学需氧量
BOD(biological oxygen demand)生化需氧量
Biodegradable organic可生物降解的有机物
BOD5BOD的测试标准化
rborne diseases 水传染的疾病
epilimnion 表层水hypolimnion深水层thermocline热变形层
become depleted of oxygen 缺氧
二、重点句子翻译
UNIT2
1.Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us;that which we can see,hear,touch,smell,and taste.环境是围绕在我们周围物质生命的栖息地,在那里我们可以看到,听到,触到,闻到和品尝到。
2.System,according to Webster dictionary
is defined as “a set or arrangement of things so related or connected as to form a unit or organic whole;as,a solar system,irrigation system,supply system,the world or universe”
系统,依据韦伯斯特的字典,被定义为“一组或一系列能形成一个整体或者有机整体的相互关联的事物;比如,太阳系统,灌溉系统,供水系统,世界或宇宙”。
3.Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical,chemical,or biological characteristics of the air,water,or land that can harmfully affect the health,survival,or activities of humans or other living organisms.污染可以被定义为有害影响健康,生存,活动的人或其它生物体的空气,水,或土地的物理,化学或生物特性的不应该有的变化。
4.Source reduction: Any action that reduces the amount of waste exiting a process.资源减量化:减少在于一个过程中的大量废物的任何行为。
Waste minimization:The reduction to the extent feasible, of waste that is generated or subsequently treated, stored, or disposed of.废物最少化:产生的废物最大程度减少,然后处理,存储,或者处置。
5.Recycling :The use or reuse of a waste as a substitute for a commercial product or as a feedstock to an industrial process.回收:作为一个商业产品的代替品,或
作为一个工业过程的原料的利用或再利用。
6.Pollution prevention: Pollution may be generated during manufacturing, or when certain products are used commercially or by consumers.污染的防止:污染可能在生产过程之中产生,或者在当一个产品被用作商业用途或被消费者使用的时候产生。
7.Waste Reduction/Waste Minimization Techniques废物回收/废物最少化技术(包括以下几点)
●product changes产品改变 ●process changes过程改变
●equipment modifications设备改造 ●operating practices操作训练
●recycling and reuse回收和再利用
8.What is air pollution? Air pollution is normally defined as air thatcontains one or more chemicals in high enough concentration toharm humans, other animals, vegetation or materials.什么是空气污染 ?空气污染通常是指那种包含一种或多种化学物质富集到高浓度并足以伤害人类、其他动物、植物或材料的空气。
9.There are two major types of air pollution.主要有两种类型的空气污染。
10.A primary air pollution is a chemical added directly to the air that occursin a harmful concentration.初级空气污染是指有害的浓度直接进入到空气中的化学物质。
11.A secondary air pollution is a harmful chemical formed in the atmosphere through a chemical reaction among air components.次生空气污染是指在大气中由气体成分之间发生化学反应的有害化学物质。
12.Organic matter.Proteins and carbohydrates constitute 90 percent of the organic matter in domestic sewage.在生活污水中蛋白质和碳水化合物构成百分之90的有机质。)
三、课后的NOTES部分(UNIT1、2、3、8、12、13)
Unit1
1)Care and impartiality in gathering and recording date, as well as independent
verification, are the cornerstones of science.在数据收集与记录过程中仔细认真、无偏见和独立核实是科学的基石。
2)When the collection and organization of date reveal certain regularities, it may be
possible to formulate a generalization or hypothesis
当对数据收集和整理披露了某些规律时,可能归纳出概况或假设。
3)the two types of logic are qualitative and quantitative logic.两类逻辑学分别为定性和定量逻辑学。
4)theories,and in particular,mathematical theories,often enable us to bridge the gap between experimentally controlled observations and observations made in the field.理论,尤其是数学理论,通常使我们可以弥补(缩小)实验过程观察的结果与该领域理论推导的结果间的差距。
5)environmental engineering is manifest by sound engineering thought and practice in the solution of problems of environmental sanitation,notably in the provision of
safe,palatable,and ample public water supplies.环境工程是在解决环境卫生问题过程中,具有代表性的,提供安全、可口与充足的公共供水过程,用正确的工程思想与合理的实施显现出来。
1)APS materials,inc,generated two hazardous wastes,1-1-1 trichloroethane and methanol from cold solvent degreasing operations associated with their plasma spray deposition process.美国物理协会材料公司在其等离子体喷雾沉淀工艺的冷溶剂脱脂操作过程中会产生出两种危害性废物,即1,1,1-三氯乙烷和甲醇。
2)AT&T美国最大的电话电信公司
3)CFC=chlorofluoro carbon 含氯氟烃
4)Sloppy housekeeping practices such as leaking tanks,valves,or pumps may cause process chemicals to spill requiring cleanup and disposal.随意马虎的内部管理习惯,例如储罐、阀门或泵的泄漏,都会导致工艺过程中化学品的溅漏而需要采取净化和处理措施。
Unit8
1)the geographic location of some heavily populated cities,such as Los Angeles and Mexico city,makes them particularly susceptible tofrequent air stagnation and pollution buildup.一些人口非常稠密的城市的地理位置,例如洛杉矶和墨西哥城的地理位置,使得它们经常特别易受空气流动停滞和污积物增加的影响。
2)by themselves,measured concentrations tell us nothing about the danger caused by pollutants,because threshold levels,synergy,and biological magnification are also determining factors
测量的浓度自身并未告诉我们有关污染物造成的危害的信息,因为临界浓度,协同作用和生长放大效应都是决定因素。
1)most boating associations now urge their members never even to take anything disposable and plastic to sea and encourage ocean liners to follow suit.目前大多数船协会敦促他们的会员再也不要把废弃的物质和塑料扔到海里,并鼓励航海轮船也这样做。
四、课文填空:UNIT13的第一部分(1、Pollution of streams and rivers)PoHution of Streams and Rivers
When sewage is discharged into a freshwater stream,the stream becomes pollution。This does not mean that the oxygen content drop instantaneously。But the potential for oxygen depletion exists wherever there is sewage。The measure of this potential is the BOD, which rises as soon as the sewage goes in。Now follow the water downstream from “Polutionville.” There processes are going on, all at the same time.Process1.The bacteria are feasting on the sewage.because of this action,the amount of sewage in the water is decreasing,so the BOD is going down。
Process2.As the bacteria consume the sewage,they also use dissolved oxygen,so that concentration,too,start to decrease。
Process3.some of the lost oxygen is being replenished from the atmosphere and form photosynthesis by the vegetation in the stream。
For the first 50km or so downstream, the natural ability of the river to recover its oxygen(process3)simple cannot keep up with the feasting bacteria(process2),so the dissolved oxygen concentration goes down。The fish begin to die,but it is not the sewage that is killing them。(In fact,the sewage provides food.)Instead,the fish die from lack of oxygen,beginning when the dissolved oxygen concentration falls below about 4mg per liter,depending on the particular species。
The fish kills start about 15km downstream from the introduction of the raw sewage。In time,as the sewage is used up by bacteria,the BOD goes down(process1),the consumption of oxygen also slows down,and the natural ability of the river to recover(process3)becomes predominant。The river then begins to repurify itself。About 90km downstream the fish begin to survive again,and at about 140km the oxygen content has increased to its former,unpolluted level。
Of course,if additional sewage is discharged before recovery is complete,as shown in the illustration at 160km,the river becomes pollution again。When sources of pollution are closely spaced,pollution becomes practically continuous。Rivers in such a condition,which unfortunately can be found near densely polluted areas all over the world,support no fish,are high in bacterial content(usually includingpathogenic organisms),appear muddily bluegreen from choking algae,and,in extreme cases,stink from putrefaction and fermentation。