高中英语 Unit1《School life》Task教案4 牛津译林版必修1

第一篇：高中英语 Unit1《School life》Task教案4 牛津译林版必修1

Unit 1《School life》

Task

Teaching aims:

Use abbreviation to fill in timetable.Write a notice with important information and clear expression.Procedure:

Introduce abbreviation.Complete school programme timetables with abbreviationCompare information of 2 different sources.Report the timetable

Find out important information in a notice.Write a notice to notify cl

Compare information of two different sources.assmates.用心爱心专心 1

第二篇：高中英语 Unit2《Growing pains》Task教案4 牛津译林版必修1

Unit 2《Growing pains》Task Skills building 3: writing a dialogue Teaching objectives:

To develop writing skills by reading the tips.To understand the mood of the Mum’s and Jack’s feelings.Important and difficult points: Writing a dialogue.Teaching procedures: Step 1 Lead-in The language you use in writing a dialogue: not too colloquialnot too redundant descriptive Step 2 Reading 1 Read the instructions and know some tips of writing a dialogue.Read Part A and discuss what is wrong with the underlined sentences.a.‘Umm’ or ‘hmm’ shouldn’t be included in a written dialogue.b.We shouldn’t use ‘My room is too dirty’, ‘My room is a mess’, ‘clean up’ and ‘cleaning’, because in a written dialogue what has just been said shouldn’t be repeated.c.In a written dialogue we should write a sentence that shows the speaker is very angry instead of the sentence ‘I’m really very angry with you.’ Read again and do Part B.A The sentences that show Mum is unhappy or angry: Come and look.Don’t you talk to me like that? You should start cleaning now if you plan to leave!B The sentences that show Jack’s mood:

This is so unfair!I’ll never have enough time.But I don’t think you’re being fair at all!Step 3 Reading the Thank-you letter 1 Work in groups of 3 and present a dialogue.Keep the tips in mind.2 Get the students to know: The following should be included in your dialogue.a.What happened between Christina and her mother? b.What did Christina do then ? c.How as the problem solved ? Step 4 Consolidation Role-play the dialogue in three.Homework:

Finish Workbook Writing on page 93.用心

爱心

专心 1

第三篇：高中英语 Unit2 Growing pains period 10精品教案 牛津译林版必修1

Period 10 Project: Writing an advice letter

教学设计一 整体设计

教材分析 The project in this unit is designed to help the students improve English through doing a project.The two letters in Part A are for students to read and find out what has happened between the father and his son.The purpose of this section is to let students use what they have learnt to finish a project by working together.In the course of doing the project, the students will discuss what has happened between the father and his son, what they can do to help the two and write letters to give them some advice to solve their problems.They will search and find some information and do some writing and drawing.In order to make an attractive poster, they are expected to know how to cooperate and how to fulfil each part of the task.三维目标

1.To learn two letters about the problems that happened between the father and his son.2.To learn about some expressions: insist, suggest, forbid, as though, insist on, at the moment.3.To help the students learn how to write an advice letter and enable students to present an advice letter in groups.4.To help students learn how to work together and write an advice letter to solve problems.重点难点

1.How to write an advice letter.2.Enable students to assign roles to each group member and work together to solve problems.教学方法

1.Discussion in pairs or in groups.2.Task-based in-class activities.3.Explanation of some language points.教具准备

A tape recorder and the multimedia.课前准备

Teachers can ask students to read two letters on page 38.Ask the students to read it fast and to find out the answers to the following questions: 1.Why does the father write the letter? 2.What does the father think about his son? 3.What is the father worrying about? 4.Why does the son write the letter? 5.What are his problems?

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6.How does he feel about his father? Besides those, ask the students to find out the main idea for each paragraph.教学过程

→Step 1 Greeting and check the homework.Activity 1 Acting out a dialogue At the beginning of this period, teachers can ask some students to act out the dialogues between Christina and her mum and the host of the “Talk Time” show.Present their dialogues that they wrote yesterday to the class.→Step 2 Lead-in Teachers give the students enough time to discuss the questions below with their partners.Several minutes later, let the students exchange their different ideas.Questions: 1.Who do you think loves you more, your mother or your father? 2.When you experience some problems with your parents, how will you solve the problem? Sample answers: 1.My mother loves me more.She is very caring and considerate.She takes care of almost everything for me.I really can’t imagine life without her.But my father looks so serious.I am afraid of him./I think my father loves me more.He can understand my problems and my feelings.I always talk to him when I feel bad or have some difficulties.2.Generally, mother’s love is different from that of father’s.They all love you, although in different ways.Sometimes you may misunderstand them for what they have done to you.As we all know, there are many hotlines on the radio or advice columns on newspaper which deal with family or other interpersonal problems.They are very helpful because they help people solve small problems before they become big ones.So when you feel upset or unhappy about some problems, you may turn to them for help.I think they always work well.Have you ever thought of being an advice columnist, helping others solve their problems? What should they do? →Step 3 Discussion

Ask the students to discuss the following questions—Have you ever thought of being an advice columnist, helping others solve their problems? What should they do? Sample answer: I like to be an advice columnist.That will be a great job.I like helping others solve their problems.What an advice columnist should give: —Get a rough idea about the trouble —Analyze the trouble —Find out the roots of the trouble —Give proper suggestions —Keep in regular contact with the sender —Feedback information

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T: In almost every family there are problems that may upset teenagers and their parents.A father has some problems with his son.They have both written letters to a magazine, asking for advice.Today we’re going to help them solve their problems.→Step 4 Reading

Have the students answer some questions about the letters: 1.Read the first letter and answer the following questions: 1)Why does the father write the letter? 2)What does the father think about his son? 3)What is the father worrying about? Answers: 1)to ask for some help so as to help his son.2)problems the father thinks about his son: —disobeys everything his parents ask him to do —is rude to them —refuses to spend time with them —refuses to do his homework —spends too much time watching DVDs, listening to foreign music, chatting in Internet cafes, playing games and surfing the Internet 3)His son may fail at school or worse.2.Read the second letter and answer the following questions: 1)Why does the son write the letter? 2)What are his problems? 3)How does he feel about his father? Answers: 1)To be helped with some problems he has at home.2)problems the son thinks about his father: —doesn’t listen to him when he wants to do something or —shouts at him when he tries to talk to him —fights like crazy when he refuses to his father —makes him do things he doesn’t like

—calls him selfish and unloving when he wants to be alone —gets very angry when he plays foreign music —sends him to bed or tell him to study when he watches a DVD —forbids him from meeting his friends at the Internet 3)He loves his father a lot.He hopes his father can understand him better and respect the things he wants to do.→Step 5 Discussion

T: Will you have the same list if you are given a chance to complain about your parents? What advice will you give to the father or the boy if you are an advice columnist? 1.Ask the students to work in groups of four and find suggestions to the son:

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Sample answers: —Try to be a docile kid at home no matter whether you are an outstanding student at school.—Never attempt to change your father’s character and to be an ideal father.—Communicate with your father through letters if he happens to be short-tempered.—Come up to your dad and tell him how much you care about him.—Remember that it’s correct for a father to urge his son to study hard.—Make your father believe you’ll be successful in life by doing what you like.2.Ask the students to work in groups of 4 and find suggestions to the father: Sample answers: —Try to look at things from your son’s angle.If you trade your role with your son, I believe you will realize some of the problems you mentioned in your letter are easy to solve.—Prepare to have a heart-to-heart talk with him.Music is part of a young people’s life.You can’t stop him just because good communication will smooth the problems.Your son wants you to treat him as your equal while you act as a commander.That’s where all the problems come from.—Remember what your son needs is more than material comfort.—You’d better not put too much pressure on your son.Be a good motivator.—Try to encourage him to find himself, to build up self-confidence.—Cut out harsh remarks when your son falls short of your expectation.Unconditional love is very important, because he is your son.→Step 6 Self-reading Give the students some time to read and understand the two letters by themselves.If they have some problems, ask them to discuss these problems with their partners or put them forward later to discuss with the whole class.Learning to ask questions while reading is very important for students to develop their reading ability.If necessary, teachers can offer them some help.→Step 7 Language points

1.At the moment, he refuses to do almost everything his mother and I ask him to do.目前, 我和他母亲让他做的事情他几乎什么都不做。1)at the moment 用于现在时, 意为“此刻”“目前”, 相当于at this moment, right now, at present;用于过去时, 意为“那时”“当时”, 相当于at that moment, then。如: I’m busy at the moment.我现在很忙。

I should have been willing to lend him the book he asked for, but I hadn’t it with me at the moment.他要借的那本书, 我本有意借给他, 可是当时书不在我身边。At the moment, he was busy preparing his lessons.那时, 他正忙于准备功课。

The number is engaged at the moment.Try again in five minutes.用心 爱心 专心

这个号码现在占线, 请五分钟后再拨。

He’s unemployed at the moment.他目前失业了。2)for the moment 意为“暂时, 目前, 这时”。如: I want to leave this for the moment and talk about something else.我希望把这事暂时搁一下, 谈谈其他的事。

We’re happy living in a flat for the moment but we may want to move to a house soon.目前我们住单元房很满意, 但不久我们也许想住个独门独户的房子。Stop discussion for the moment.请暂停讨论。3)for a moment 意为“片刻，一会儿”。如: Let me think for a moment what is the best method to solve the problem.让我想一会儿什么是解决这个问题的最佳方法。He paused for a moment and then went forward.他停顿了一会儿然后继续向前。

I had to think for a moment before I remembered his name.我想了一会儿才想起他的名字。

4)in a moment 意为“一会儿，立刻，马上”。如: I’ll come in a moment.我一会儿就来。

Could you make a decision in a moment? 你能马上作出决定吗? Tell him to call me up in a moment.叫他过一会儿打电话给我。5)at any moment 意为“在任何时候„„, 随时”。如: We can ask him for help at any moment.我们随时可以请他帮忙。

We shouldn’t lose heart at any moment.我们在任何时候都不能失去信心。

2.His grandparents buy him many things, and yet he is still rude to us.他爷爷和奶奶给他买东西。可就是这样他还是对我们很无礼。1)be rude to sb.意为“对某人粗鲁、没礼貌”。如: Don’t be rude to the taxi driver.It’s not his fault that the traffic is heavy.不要对那个出租车司机粗声粗气的。交通拥挤不是他的过错。He’s very rude to the old people.他对老人很没礼貌。【注】 介词to和for经常跟在一些形容词或名词后表示“对于”, 那么, 什么情况下用to, 什么情况下用for呢? 这个问题比较复杂, 原因在于, 后边可以跟to或for的形容词很多, 这些形容词与to或for搭配, 各有其原因。

▲当主语是表示人的名词或代词, 且形容词表示主语对某人或某事的主观态度或感情常用to，这样的形容词有good, bad, blind, faithful, kind, cruel, deaf, generous, grateful, open, polite, rude, thankful等。如: His stepmother is good to him.他的继母对他很好。

We should be faithful to our country.我们应该对国家忠诚。

The woman was unkind to her mother-in-law.这女人对她婆婆不好。Don’t be cruel to animals.不要虐待动物。

The merchant is very generous to the villagers.那商人对村民们很慷慨。I’m grateful to you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。

You should be polite to your parents.你应该对你的父母有礼貌。

用心 爱心 专心

2)与这些形容词相对应的名词后一般也跟to而不跟for。如: I admire him because of his kindness to everyone.他对大家都很友好, 我很敬佩他。

This showed their loyalty to the party.这表明了他们对党的忠诚。

3)当主语是表示事物的名词或代词时, 一些表示给人某种感觉的形容词后常用to。如: The scene was astonishing to everyone standing by.这场面令旁观者大为吃惊。

English is interesting to me.我觉得英语有趣。The business is new to him.他不熟悉这种事。

4)表示“有害”“有益”“适合”等意义的形容词后常用for。如: Don’t read in the sun.It’s bad for your eyes.不要在阳光下看书。那样对眼睛有害。

Fresh air is good for you.新鲜的空气对你有好处。

I don’t think he is fit for the job.我认为他不适合做这工作。This is a place suitable for a picnic.这是一个适合野餐的地方。

She’s extremely well qualified for the job.她极胜任这一工作。

3.Recently he has been refusing to do his homework, and instead insists on wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music.最近, 他就是不做家庭作业, 而总是把时间浪费在看DVD和听外国音乐上。

1)has been refusing为现在完成进行时形式，该时态强调动作从过去开始, 一直进行到现在该动作可能仍在进行, 也可能刚刚停止。它常用于表示延续至今的连续性或重复性动作。

You’re out of breath.Have you been running? 你上气不接下气, 是不是跑步来着? He has been writing letters to the hospital.他一直在给那家医院写信。

现在完成时主要用于表示已完成的动作及其对现在的影响或与现在的关系。I have taught the class.我教过那个班。

I have been teaching that class.我教着那个班。2)insist on／upon后接名词或动名词, 意为“一定要”“坚决主张”“坚持说”。如: We insist upon a definite answer.我们一定要得到一个肯定的答复。

They always insist on a high standard.他们一贯坚持高标准。

He insisted on his correctness.他坚称他是对的。She insisted on going there.她坚持要去那里。

He insisted on seeing us home.他一定要送我们回家。We insist on your giving us a straightforward answer.我们一定要你们给我们一个直截了当的回答。

We ought to have insisted on your taking a thorough rest before going back to work.用心 爱心 专心

我们本来应该坚持让你彻底休息好后再回去工作的。We insisted on his coming to the party.我们坚持要求他来参加聚会。

3)insist用作及物动词, 意为“坚持说”“坚决认为”, 后可接that宾语从句, 从句中不用虚拟语气。如: He insisted that he had done right.他坚持认为他做得对。I insisted that he was mistaken.我坚持说他搞错了。He insisted that he could get back in time.他坚持说他能及时赶回来。

He insisted that Xiao Yang was not to blame.他坚持说不怪小杨。

She insisted that she needed no help.她坚持说她不需要帮助。

4)insist用作及物动词, 意为“定要”“坚决要求”“坚决主张”, 后接that宾语从句, 从句中要用“should+动词原形”, should可以省略。如: They all insisted that they(should)not rest until the work was done.他们坚决要求不完工就不休息。

I insisted that he should come with us.我定要他与我们同行。I insisted that he should go.我一定要他去。

I insist that you take immediate action to put this right.我坚决要求你立刻采取行动把事情处理好。辨析: insist on与stick to insist on指“坚持(自己的意见和想法)”。

stick to意为“坚持做”, 后接名词, 表示始终如一坚持某人的观点、目的、决定、计划等。如: Each side stuck to its own position on this question.在这问题上, 双方都各自坚持自己的立场。

Don’t stick to your own opinions.不要坚持己见。If you stick to main roads, you won’t get lost.如果你一直走在大路上, 你就不会迷失方向。

We will stick to our decision.我们将坚持我们的决定。Whatever you say, I will stick to my plan.不管你说什么, 我都将坚持我的计划。

4.He and my mother always make me do things I don’t like such as playing the piano and learning Japanese.我爸爸和我妈妈总是强迫我做我不喜欢做的事情, 比如弹钢琴或者学习日语等。1）make是使役动词, 可接不带to的动词不定式。make sb.do意为“使某人做”, 用在被动语态中要加to。如: Another famous building that makes people think of seashells is the Opera House in Sydney.另一个使人们想到海贝壳的著名建筑是悉尼的歌剧院。

What he said made us all laugh.他所说的话使我们大笑起来。He made me repeat the story.他逼我把故事重复一遍。

She must be made to keep her promise.必须逼她遵守诺言。2）make是使役动词, 后面可以接形容词作宾语补足语。如:

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It is our duty to make our country more beautiful.使我们的国家更美丽是我们的职责。What he did made me very happy.他所做的事使我非常高兴。

The exciting news made us very excited.那个令人兴奋的消息使我们很激动。

I made it clear that I didn’t agree with your idea.我明确表示不同意你的观点。

3）“make+宾语+过去分词(作宾补)”的结构, 常见的有make oneself seen／heard／believed／known, 意为“使自己被看见、听见、相信、知道”。如: When introduced, you should stand up to make yourself seen.当介绍你的时候, 你应该站起来让人看到。

She couldn’t make herself heard because of the noise of the traffic.由于交通嘈杂声。她无法让别人听到她的声音。

A person who often lies can’t make himself believed.常说谎的人是难以让别人相信他的。

The man made himself known by writing short stories.那个人通过写短篇故事使自己出名。

She read English in a high voice so as to make herself noticed.她高声朗读英语, 以使自己被注意。

辨析: be made of, be made from, be made into, be made up of（1）be made of指物理变化, 能够看到其组成原料。如: This table is made of glass.这个桌子是由玻璃制成的。

I want to buy a ring made of pure gold.我想买一个由纯金制成的戒指。（2）be made from意为“由„„制成的”, 指化学变化, 不能够看到其组成原料。如: Paper is often made from wood.纸一般是由木头制成的。Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是用葡萄酿制的。I enjoy this kind of drink made from apples.我喜欢喝这种用苹果制成的饮料。

（3）be made into意为“某物被制成„„”, 其主语为原物, into后接新物。如: Bamboo can be made into tables.竹子可以被制成桌子。Grapes can be made into wine.葡萄可以制成酒。

（4）be made up of意为“由„„组成”，是整体与独立个体的关系。如: Our class is made up of fifty students.我们班是由五十个学生组成。

The UK is made up of four countries.联合王国由四个国家组成。

The committee is made up of representatives from every state.该委员会是由来自各州的代表组成的。

4）make for意为“朝„„方向移动，„„有助于做某事物”。如: The ship made for the open sea.轮船朝着公海行驶。When the bell rang, everyone made for the dining room.用心 爱心 专心

当铃声响的时候, 大家都涌向食堂。

Cultural exchange makes for better understanding.文化交流有助于更好的交流。

5）make out意为 “了解(某人性格)”“辨认出”“理解某事物”。如: What a strange person she is!I can’t make her out at all.她这个人真奇怪!我根本无法了解她。

With the light out, I couldn’t make out anything.灯熄灭了, 我辨认不出任何东西。

I can’t make out what he wants.我不明白他想要什么东西。I couldn’t make out whether she likes reading or not.我不知道她是否喜欢阅读。

6）make up 意为“化妆„„”“组成”“编造”“弥补”“配(药)”等。如: Every girl likes making up.每一位女孩子都喜欢打扮。

China has a population of 1.2 billion, making up 20％ of the world population.中国有12亿人口, 占全世界人口总数的20%。

Our English teacher asked us to make up a dialogue.我们的英语老师要我们编一个对话。

Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.勤能补拙。Nothing can make up for the loss of a child.孩子的死亡是什么都无法弥补的。

5.Also, every time I watch a DVD, he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.还有，每次我看DVD时，他让我去睡觉或告诉我多花些时间学习。

句中every time为从属连词, 引导时间状语从句。注意从句中不可使用表示将来的will, 可用一般将来时, 用现在完成时代替将来完成时。

each time, the first/last/next time, the moment/minute等名词性短语皆可用作从属连词, 引导时间状语从句。

Every time he comes, he asks me for money.他每次来总向我要钱。

Every time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.每次我处于困境中, 他总来帮我脱离困境。

Don’t forget to call on me next time you come to our city.下次来我们市, 别忘了来找我。

The first time I saw her, I fell in love with her.我对她一见钟情。

The last time I saw her, she was lying in bed.我最后一次看到她时, 她躺在床上。

The moment/the minute/the second I saw her, I recognized her.我一见到她, 我就认出了她。

→Step 8 Writing an advice letter Activity 1 Planning Ask students to work in groups of four.First let them discuss and choose which letter to focus on.Then decide which of the answers suggested by your partners should be included

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in the letter the group will write.Discuss the tasks listed below and decide which group members will be responsible for what tasks.(Remember, two or three people can work on the same task!)Research the style an advice letter should be written in_____________.Write an outline for the letter_____________.Write the letter_____________.Activity 2 Preparing In this step, students will prepare for writing the letter.They will discuss and write an outline for the letter first.Members responsible for doing research need to find examples of advice letters.The group should discuss the information found, and decide how the letter should be written.They may look at the following resources for information: Magazines Newspapers Internet sites TV shows for teenagers Those responsible for writing the outline need to make a draft and have it approved by the other group members.Activity 3 Producing In this step, students will write the letter by following the style and the outline they just completed.All members need to proofread the draft before the writers can make a final version.The final version has to be approved by the whole group.Sample letters: Dear Liu Wei, Thanks for your attention to our magazine.After reading your letter, I know you are in trouble with your family.Don’t worry.I’d like to tell you something about myself when I was at the same age as you.Nowadays you meet the problems which are still common in the modern society.Here I want to give you some advice.First, you must honor your parents, not shout at them.Second, maybe you can often talk to your parents to let them understand you.I hope it’s helpful to you.I’m looking forward to receiving your good news.Yours, Mr Zhu Activity 4 Presenting Ask several groups to present what they have written to the whole class.Answer any questions the classmates have about the letter.Display the letter where it can be seen.→Step 9 Summary In this class, we have talked about how to write an advice letter.We have learned two letters written by a father and his son.After that, we spent some minutes in discussing how to solve the problems mentioned by the father and his son.Finally, we get down to writing an advice letter to the father or his son.Now I give you

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your homework—write an advice letter to your parents in order to get them to know how to get along well with you—their sons or daughters.→Step 10 Homework

1.Write an advice letter to your parents.2.Translate the following sentences.1)他坚持要求被派到前方去。(insist)2)他坚持认为有必要帮助她。(insist)3)他每次都给我带来一本好书。(every/each time)

板书设计

problems the father thinks about his son: —disobeys everything his parents ask him to do —is rude to them —refuses to spend time with them —refuses to do his homework —spends too much time watching DVDs, listening to foreign music, chatting in Internet cafes, playing games and surfing the Internet problems the son thinks about his father: —doesn’t listen to him when he wants to do something or suggests an idea —shouts at him when he tries to talk to him —fights like crazy when he refuses to his father —makes him do things he doesn’t like

—calls him selfish and unloving when he wants to be alone —gets very angry when he plays foreign music —sends him to bed or tell him to study when he watches a DVD —forbids him from meeting his friends at the Internet suggestions to the son: —Try to be a docile kid at home no matter whether you are an outstanding student at school.—Never attempt to change your father’s character and to be an ideal father.—Communicate with your father through letters if he happens to be short-tempered.—Come up to your dad and tell him how much you care about him.—Remember that it’s correct for a father to urge his son to study hard.—Make your father believe you’ll be successful in life by doing what you like.suggestions to the father: —Try to look at things from your son’s angle.If you trade your role with your son, I believe you will realize some of the problems you mentioned in your letter are easy to solve.—Prepare to have a heart-to-heart talk with him.Music are part of a young people’s life.You can’t stop him just because good communication will smooth the problems.Your son wants you to treat him as your equal while you act as a commander.That’s where all the problems come from.—Remember what your son needs is more than material comfort.—You’d better not put too much pressure on your son.Be a good motivator.—Try to encourage him to find himself, to build up self-confidence.—Cut out harsh remarks when your son falls short of your expectation.Unconditional love is very important, because he is your son.用心 爱心 专心

精彩片断

A.Writing an advice letter Activity 1 Planning Ask students to work in groups of four.First let them discuss and choose which letter to focus on.Then decide which of the answers suggested by your partners should be included in the letter the group will write.Discuss the tasks listed below and decide which group members will be responsible for what tasks.(Remember, two or three people can work on the same task!)Research the style an advice letter should be written in_____________.Write an outline for the letter_____________.Write the letter_____________.Activity 2 Preparing In this step, students will prepare for writing the letter.They will discuss and write an outline for the letter first.Members responsible for doing research need to find examples of advice letters.The group should discuss the information found, and decide how the letter should be written.They may look at the following resources for information: Magazines Newspapers Internet sites TV shows for teenagers Those responsible for writing the outline need to make a draft and have it approved by the other group members.Activity 3 Producing In this step, students will write the letter by following the style and the outline they just completed.All members need to proofread the draft before the writers can make a final version.The final version has to be approved by the whole group.

Activity 4 Presenting Ask several groups to present what they have written to the whole class.Answer any questions the classmates have about the letter.Display the letter where it can be seen.教学设计二 整体设计

教材分析

This period first offers two letters written by a father and his son.Both of them want to ask for help because they have problems with each other.Teachers can ask some questions according to the text to help students catch the main idea after fast reading.After that, teachers ask students to discuss and find out the root cause of this family problem.Then, students are required to work in groups to solve the problems Liu Wei and his father have and then write an advice letter to them

用心 爱心 专心

explaining what they both can do to bridge the generation gap and get along better.And more exercises are given in different forms to help the students to learn how to use some of the new words and phrases.This period can help to improve students’ ability to analyze and solve problems.Besides, it is good for students to know how to get on well with their parents.And in some way, it will lead to more thoughts, so students can learn to solve a lot of problems in their real life.三维目标

1.Train the students’ reading ability by reading these two letters.2.Help students learn how to work together and write an advice letter to solve problems.3.Learn some useful words and expressions advise, insist, prevent, forbid, suggest as though, insist on, like crazy, deal with, every time 4.Learn some important sentence structures He refuses to spend time with us or do as we tell him.Recently he has been refusing to do his homework.Whenever I want to do something or suggest an idea...he doesn’t listen to me.重点难点

1.How to write an advice letter.2.Enable students to assign roles to each group member and work together to solve problems.教学方法

1.Discussion in pairs or in groups.2.Task-based in-class activities.3.Explanations of some language points.教具准备

A tape recorder and a blackboard

教学过程

→Step 1 Lead in

Teachers can begin the class like this: There are many problems in some families, especially problems between parents and their children.If they have problems with each other, who do you think they can turn to for advice? Students will say “teachers” “friends” “grandparents” and so on.Few students know about advice columnists.So teacher can go on like this: I will introduce another kind of people to you.They are advice columnists.They are always ready to help people deal with small problems before they become big ones.Now, suppose you are an advice columnist.A father and his son write two letters to ask for help.Let’s see how you can help them to solve their problems.用心 爱心 专心 13

Or you can begin this class with brainstorming like this: Before the students come to the details of this period, ask them to have a brainstorming.Question: When we come to the title “Writing an advice letter”, what do you expect to read in this part? In this step, teacher can divide the class into groups and organize a competition between groups.Teacher gives one star for each group.The group with the most stars will be the winner.This can not only help the students learn to predict what to read in this part but also arose their interest in reading this passage, let other students to share their creative ideas, encourage more students to take part in in-class activities and give every student a chance to express their ideas.Suggested answers: What is an advice letter? What kind of people needs advice letters? How to write an advice letter?...Then teacher can lead students to these two letters: Here are two letters from a father and his son.They have some problems with each other.So they write letters to ask for advice.Let’s read these two letters and write an advice letter to help them solve their problems.→Step 2 Reading Skimming In this step, teacher asks students to skim the text and answer the following questions: 1.What is the name of the column? 2.Why does the father write the letter? 3.Who do they both write the letters to? Suggested answers: 1.Teenagers Now.2.He wants to ask for some help with his 16-year-old son.3.Mr.Zhu.Scanning Now it’s time for the students to scan the passage to get certain information quickly.Ask students to read the letters again.This time students read it carefully and answer two questions: 1.What does the father complain about his son? 2.What problems does the son have?

用心 爱心 专心

As for these two questions, teacher can design a chart for later use.Problems Possible Root cause

answers Father’s 1.Refuse to do everything his

parents ask him to do.2.He is rude to them though they treat him well.3.He refuses to spend time with them.4.He wastes time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music instead of doing homework.5.He spends too much time in Internet cafes.Son’s 1.His father doesn’t listen to his

ideas.2.His father shouts at him whenever he tries to talk to him and they fight like crazy.3.His parents always make him do things that he doesn’t like.4.They call him selfish and unloving.5.When he plays foreign music or watch DVDs, his father gets angry and sends him to bed.6.His father forbids him from meeting his friends online.Discussion: The students are sure to know the main problems the father and the son have.It’s their turn to think out possible answers to these problems and the root cause.Teachers can divide the whole class into two groups.The first group discusses the answers to father’s problems and the other group discusses the answers to son’s problems.And then find out the root cause together.Teachers will collect their answers later.Suggested answers: Problems Possible answers Root cause Father’s 1.Refuse to do everything Don’t force him to do Lack of his parents ask him to do.anything he doesn’t communication

like.and 2.He is rude to them though Talk to him not as a understanding.they treat him well.father but as a friend.3.He refuses to spend time Show him that you love with them.him and are proud of

him.用心 爱心 专心 15

4.He wastes time watching Show interest in his DVDs and listening to foreign hobbies such as music instead of doing foreign music.homework.5.He spends too much time in Allow him to arrange Internet cafes.his spare time freely

on condition that he can do well at school.Son’s 1.His father doesn’t listen Tell him that you are a to his ideas.big boy and you can

make your own decisions.2.His father shouts at him Don’t get angry when whenever he tries to talk to he shouts at you but him and they fight like talk to him later.crazy.3.His parents always make Don’t refuse their him do things that he suggestions but tell doesn’t like.them you want to do

things in a different way.4.They call him selfish and Always tell them that unloving.you love them.5.When he plays foreign That is because he music or watch DVDs, his loves you.father gets angry and sends him to bed.6.His father forbids him Understand he loves from meeting his friends you.online.Next, the students are required to decide in groups which of the answers suggested by their partners should be included in the letter their group will write.→Step 3 Writing

In this step, teacher should introduce how to write an advice letter first: Before writing an advice letter, we need to write an outline first.It will help you organize your ideas and present your information in a logical form.You will know what to write first and what should be included in it.Now please discuss and write an outline for the letter.Teacher may also show some writing tips to students: 1.You should think about your answers carefully and send your letter as soon as possible.2.You should write your letter in a comfortable tone and you can feel relaxed after reading it.3.You should avoid strong language that might discourage your reader.4.Give advice only on the subject you have been asked about.5.If you can not give advice, express your regret and suggest that someone else

用心 爱心 专心 16

would be in a better position to do so.Then, by following the tips and the outline they have just finished, students are asked to write the advice letter in about 8 minutes.Each group can choose one member to read the letter in the front of the class and answer any questions your classmates have about your letter.A Sample advice letter to the father: Dear Mr.Liu, Parent-teenager conflict is very common nowadays.We always believe there is a generation gap and teenagers are hard to deal with.That is because parents can not understand them and don’t know how they feel and what kind of life they want to have.As you said, your son refuses to do everything you ask him to do.My advice is that you’d better not force him to do anything that he doesn’t like.If you really want him to do something, you can tell him the importance and necessity of doing that at a proper time.He himself will decide whether to do it or not since he is a big boy now and he has his own idea.He insists on watching DVDs and listening to foreign music.In my opinion, if it is good for him, you can show interest in his hobbies although you don’t like it at all.Internet café is a very popular place now.I think online chatting, especially with his friends or classmates in his spare time is not a big problem so long as he can learn the subjects well at school.I’m sure it will work out fine if you can try understanding him.You should trust him and always communicate with him whenever you have the chance.I hope everything will be OK soon.Good luck!

Mr.Zhu A Sample advice letter to the son: Dear Liu Wei, I know your feeling and I can understand you.I was once such a boy as you and I had this kind of problems.At that time, I couldn’t understand my parents though they love me.You should believe your parents love you very much.You’d better always talk to your father that you love him too.Don’t get angry when your father doesn’t listen to you or even shouts at you.You can explain to him what you think later.Show that you are a big by now and you can make your own decisions.Surprise your father with a day spent together.Invite him to join you doing the thing you like.That way both of you can have fun.Have a talk with your father whenever you are free.After all, communication is the best way to improve your relationship.Only in this way can you understand each other’s ideas and thoughts.Best wishes，Mr.Zhu Practice If time permits, teachers can give students more practice.The following is designed for the students to practise their spoken English, to consolidate what they have learnt, to enlarge their knowledge and to improve other abilities in learning

用心 爱心 专心

English.Suppose you are Liu Wei.You have received your advice letter and you want to take the advice and improve your relationship with your father.You know your father’s birthday is coming, so you want to give him a surprise.Think over what you should do and then tell your classmates.Give them three minutes to prepare and then invite one or two students to come to the front and share his or her idea with the classmates.Sample answer: In order to improve our relationship, I will give my father a birthday surprise first.The first thing I want to do is to call Ben, my father’s best friend.He will tell me the name of Dad’s favourite restaurant and he will make sure that all of my Dad’s friends from work will come.Then I will call the restaurant and book some tables.I will phone all my relatives and invite them to come too.The day before the party, I will go to the watch shop to pick up Dad’s present.His father gave him a watch when he was young.But it stopped working last year.He often complained that he never had time to get it fixed.I also asked him to polish it.I know Dad will love it.On his birthday, I will go to the restaurant early to make sure everything is ready.When Mum brings Dad there, everyone will shout “Happy birthday”!After dinner, I will give him a present.I’m sure he will be very happy that day.→Step 4 Teaching and learning design of some new words and expressions Teacher will explain some of the important words and phrases to the students.We can start with some exercises and then explain them word by word or phrase by phrase or ask the students to work in pairs and then give their explanations by themselves.Exercises: Complete the following sentences with the books closed.1.Small problems can become big ones, however, if they are not discussed and_____________ _____________(处理)early.2.Think about how you can____________ ____________ _____________ ______________ ______________ _____________(建议他们解决他们的问题).3.He refuses to spend time with us or___________ _____________ _____________ ___________ _________ ________(按我们告诉他的去做).4.Sometimes he acts______________ ____________(似乎)he doesn’t love us at all.5.Recently he___________ ______________ ____________ ______________ ______________ his homework(一直拒绝做功课)and instead______________ ____________(坚持)wasting his time watching DVDs and listening to foreign music.6.Whenever I want to do something or_____________(建议)an idea, he doesn’t listen to me.7.____________ ______________(每当)I watch a DVD he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.Keys:

用心 爱心 专心

1.dealt with 2.advise them to solve their problems 3.do as we tell him 4.as though 5.has been refusing to do, insists on 6.suggest 7.Every time Explanations: 1.deal with This phrase can both mean “to treat” “take action about” and “to be about”.Translate the following sentences: 1)这个问题你怎样处理? 2)孩子们很难对付。

3)这本新书是关于爱尔兰**的。Keys: 1)How do you deal with the problem? =What do you do with the problem? 2)Children are hard to deal with.3)This new book deals with troubles in Ireland.2.advise This word means “to tell someone what you think they should do”, We use the word as follows: advise sb.to do sth.;advise sb.against doing sth.;advise that sb.(should)do sth.Passengers are advised not to leaved their bags unattended.建议乘客看管好自己的提包。

I’d advise you against saying anything to the press.我劝你什么都不要对新闻界讲。

The doctor advises that he should stop smoking.医生建议他戒烟。

Its noun form is “advice”.Remember the following phrases: a piece of advice;give sb.some advice on sth.3.do as we tell him Here as means “in the particular way or manner mentioned”.Translate the following sentences: 1)按我说的去做。

2)在警察到来以前, 我们最好保持现场原样。3)入乡随俗。Keys: 1)Do as I say.2)We’d better leave things as they are until the police arrive.3)When in Rome, do as the Romans do.More uses about “as” when it is used as a conj.:

用心 爱心 专心

1)It is used in comparison.(像„„一样)I can’t run as fast as I used to.我跑得不如过去那样快。2)It means “正如”。

As I mentioned in my last letter, I will be back in June.正如我上封信提到的, 我将在六月回来。

David, as you know, has not been well lately.正如你所知, 戴维近来身体不好。

3)It can mean “while” or “when”.As time passed, things seemed to get worse.随着时间的推移, 情况似乎变得更加糟糕了。

4)It is used to state why a particular situation exists or why someone does something.As we are both tired, let’s just have a rest.我们俩都累了, 休息一会吧。5)though 尽管, 虽然

Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是一个小孩子, 他懂得很多。

Hard as he tried, he did not pass the exam.他虽然很努力, 但这次考试没及格。More phrases: as soon as possible 尽快 such as 比如

as a teacher 作为一个老师 as a result 因此 as usual 和往常一样 so as to do 为了做某事 as it is 事实上

4.as if/though 似乎, 好像

It looks as if it is going to rain this afternoon.看起来今天下午要下雨了。He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.他英语说得很好就像是个英国人一样。(此处要注意虚拟语气)5.has been refusing to do 一直都拒绝做„„

has been refusing to do为现在完成进行时。该时态强调动作从过去开始, 一直进行到现在。该动作可能仍然在进行, 也可能刚刚停止。它常用于表示延续至今的连续性或重复性动作。(现在完成时主要用于表示已完成的动作及其与现在的关系。)如: I have typed your letter.我把你的信打印出来了。

I have been typing your letter.我在打你的信。(可能还没完成)I have taught that class.我教过那个班。

I have been teaching that class.我教着那个班。

用心 爱心 专心

Now that she is out of job, Lucy_____________ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.A.had considered B.has been considering C.considered D.is going to consider 根据时态一致的原则, A、C两项应该排除, 该题目后文she hasn’t decided yet暗示此处应该使用现在完成进行时。所以答案为B项。

6.insist on This phrase means “to order sth.to happen.”坚持要求做, 坚决主张, 其后多跟名词, 动名词形式。

He insisted on being sent to the front.他坚持要求被派到前方去。辨析: insist on 与stick to insist on意思为“坚持要求做, 坚决主张”, 其后多跟名词、动名词形式。stick to意思为“坚持某个原则、计划、诺言、决定等”。He always sticks to his promise.他总是坚持自己的诺言。insist that坚持认为

insist that sb.(should)do 坚决主张 I insist that he leave at once.我坚持让他马上离开。

He insisted that it was necessary to help her.他坚持认为有必要帮助她。7.suggest 建议；暗示 suggest sth.to sb.suggest doing sth.suggest that暗示

suggest that sb./sth.should do 建议 He suggested a visit to Beijing.他建议到北京去旅游。

Our teacher suggested doing this in another way.老师建议我们用另外一种方法做。

His pale face suggested that he was badly ill.他苍白的脸色暗示他病得很严重。

The doctor suggested that he should stop smoking and do more exercise.医生建议他戒烟并多做运动。

The doctor came up with the suggestion that he should stop smoking and do more exercise.医生想到一个建议他应该戒烟并多做运动。8.every time 每当 every time在此为从属连词, 引导时间状语从句, 注意句中不可使用表示将来的will, 可用一般现在时代替一般将来时, 用现在完成时代替将来完成时。each time, the first time, the moment, the minute 等名词性短语都可用作从属连词, 引导时间状语从句。

用心 爱心 专心

Every time he comes, he asks me for money.每次他来总向我要钱。

Each time he came, he brought me a nice book.他每次来都给我带来一本书。

—Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? —Yes.I give it to her_____________ I saw her.A.while B.the moment C.suddenly D.once

the moment引出一个时间状语从句, 相当于as soon as I saw her。A项while要求从句动词是延续性的, 而saw是瞬间动词。D项once引导含有条件意味的时间状语从句, 表示“一旦”, 而副词suddenly不能引导状语从句。所以答案是B项。

→Step 5 Homework

1.Ask students to have a talk with their parents to understand each other’s ideas and thoughts after school.2.Finish B1 and B2 in workbook.板书设计

problems the father thinks about his son: suggestions to the son: problems the son thinks about his father: suggestions to the father:

精彩片断

Begin this class with brainstorming like this:

Before the students come to the details of this period, ask them to have a brainstorming.Question: When we come to the title “Writing an advice letter”, what do you expect to read in this part? In this step, teachers can divide the class into groups and organize a competition between groups.Teachers give one star for each group.The group with the most stars will be the winner.This can not only help the students learn to predict what to read in this part but also arose their interest in reading this passage, let other students share their creative ideas, encourage more students to take part in in-class activities and give every student a chance to express their ideas.用心 爱心 专心 22

第四篇：译林牛津高中英语模块五课文翻译

M5 U1

Reading 秘密和谎言

亲爱的安妮：我觉得我的朋友汉娜背叛了我。从小学起我俩就是最好的朋友，几乎每天都在一起。因为我们成绩好，喜爱学习，其他同学有时会说我俩没趣，但我们喜欢那样。我们都很用功，成绩在学校一直很优秀。

星期一那天，我们搞了一次突袭性的数学小测验。我以为它非常简单，一点也不担心考试成绩。小测验之后，我说起话来听上去一定洋洋自得，说它实在太简单了，我肯定能取得好成绩。第二天下课后，我的数学老师却告诉我，我得了全班最低分！我感到非常羞愧，这么简单的小测验没能及格，我真是笨极了！

后来，我假装很开心，但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对劲。午餐前，我们一起去女子洗手间时，我承认考得有多么糟糕。我求她不要告诉任何人，她说她会替我保守秘密。

但是第二天，当我走进数学课教室时，我就注意到同学们在盯着我看。当我坐下时，我惊讶地发现桌子上有一张纸，上面写着：“笨蛋萨拉得了D等！”我难过得想哭。我想汉娜一定是在答应过我不会告诉任何人之后将我的成绩告诉了同学们。大家一定都在背后嘲笑我！

我非常生气，径直走到汉纳跟前，告诉她我们不再是朋友了，因为她不能信守诺言。她很不安，发誓说她没有告诉任何人。但是，能看到成绩的人只有老师和学生自己。她说一定是有人在洗手间偷听我们的谈话，但我不相信她的解释。我想我永远也不会真正地原谅她。现在，我失去了我最好的朋友。我该怎么办呢？ 你真诚的，萨拉

陷入困境的友谊

亲爱的安妮： 我叫安德鲁。我17岁，碰到了一个难题。我最好的朋友马修已经停止跟我说话了。我们从小就是好朋友，一起在学校足球队踢球。上个星期，我们与另一所学校的球队有一场非常重要的比赛。那支球队很棒，我们必须集中精力。我下决心一定要赢得比赛，但马修踢得很糟糕。他跟不上比赛的节奏。由于他的漫不经心，我们输了球赛。

后来，我非常生他的气，并告诉他说我觉得他没有尽全力。他也被惹火了，说如果他的球技不如我那可不是他的错，还说我不该以这种方式和他说话。然后我们俩都开始冲着对方大喊大叫，结果我们的喊叫变成了可怕的争执。他指责我做了一些非常不好的事情，只是为了伤害我。我感到很内疚，因为我也说了一些残酷无情的话，但我不喜欢看到我们队输球。足球对我很重要，但我们的友谊也同样很重要。

虽然我们在教室里是邻座，但自从吵架之后，他便没有和我说过话。这实在令人尴尬。他通常开朗外向，但最近一直沉默寡言，显得很难受。他说的那些话也伤害了我，但他并未向我道歉。昨天，我看见他和另一个男孩彼得说话，我不禁想知道他是不是想让彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。我把吵架的事告诉了我哥哥，但他说马修只是太敏感，可能还有一点嫉妒，因为我身强体壮，足球踢得很好。他说我最好另找一个朋友。我该怎么办呢？ 你真诚的 安德鲁 Project

青少年的友谊观

我的朋友罗伯特有一个双胞胎妹妹叫阿曼达。尽管他们相处融洽，但阿曼达和她朋友的一些事还是让罗伯特感到困惑。他无法理解女孩子怎么会聊天那么长时间。例如，有时他离开公寓去踢足球时，阿曼达和她的朋友沙伦就坐在沙发上聊天。当他三个半小时后回来时，她们仍然坐在沙发上，继续聊着同样的话题。一天，罗伯特抑制不住好奇，问阿曼达她们聊了什么，她回答说：“我们是最好的朋友。我们什么都聊——电影明星、流行歌曲、食谱等等，所有的事！”

男孩和女孩对待友谊有着不同的态度。女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊则以共同的活动或兴趣为基础。对于与密友们分享感情这件事，一个男孩会更加谨慎。而一个女孩的密友则可能会迫不及待地向她吐露自己生活中发生过的一些事。

全球范围的许多研究表明女孩比男孩享有更多的友谊。事实上，许多青春期的男孩说不出一个最好的朋友。当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下：“最好的朋友？我没有想过这个问题。我忙于家庭作业。我有很多朋友，很难说出哪一位是我最好的朋友。”

被问到过这个问题的女孩往往能毫不犹豫地回答：“最好的朋友？当然有。我们分享的东西很多。我们经常一起做很多事，比如聊天和逛街。”

我们必须认识到男孩共享活动，而女孩分享情感。无论男孩和女孩友谊的基础是什么，他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。所要记住的重要一点是：它们二者均是友谊。我们在生活中都需要朋友。

友谊对我意味着什么? 当确定生活中最重要的是什么时，有些人选择金钱，而别的人则选择诸如安全感和舒适度之类的东西。然而，对我而言，生活中最重要的东西是友谊。我不能想像没有它。

友谊意味着不孤独。有一次去我独自一人旅行，途经北京去我祖父母家。由于我要乘坐的下一趟火车要到晚上才开，我有一天的观光时间。起初，我并不介意自己一个人，但后来看见所有的游客一起拍照，我开始感到难过。最终我回到火车站，在候车室里度过了当天余下的时光。如果没有同伴分享，生活就索然无味。友谊意味着有人可以依靠。去年，我把书包忘在了无轨电车上，丢了所有的期末考试的笔记。你可以想像我有多慌乱。幸运的是，我最好的朋友珍妮让我复印了她的笔记，我复习时用了它们。多亏她的帮助，我才得以通过考试。友谊意味着忠诚于他人。拥有朋友的最佳途径就是做一个朋友。因为我是一个朋友，我就要学会有耐心和宽容。有一次我与珍妮吵架，她说了一些有关我的残酷无情的闲话。尽管我的感情受到了伤害，我还是原谅了她。后来她向我道歉。通过这一事件，我们俩都变成了更好的人。然而，如果当初我终止了我们的友谊，那我们俩都会一无所得。

总之，当我们年老时回顾我们生活时，我们会记住什么呢？ 我们会记住我们买过的东西或者是去过的地方吗？

不，我们会记住那些我们爱过的人和爱过我们的人。我们会记住我们的朋友。

Unit2 Reading 经济还是环境——我们必须做出抉择吗? 电视节目主持人：詹姆斯·朗

发言：林水清，绿色协会发言人

钱利伟，企业发展咨询顾问

詹姆斯．朗：各位上午好。令天辩论的问题是“经济还是环境——我们必须做出抉择吗?”今天的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展咨询顾问钱利伟先生。今天辩论的程序与往常不一样。林水清女土首先发言，时间为三分钟。按下来是钱利伟先生发言，时间也是三分钟。之后我们将展开自由讨论。如果大家有什么问题或评论，可以利用这一时间将它们表达出来。

林水清：大家上午好!我今天首先要谈的是化学废物如何破坏着世界上的大片区域。许多地方已经被毁，许多动植物已经死亡。这很糟糕。工厂排放出大量有害化学物质。工厂生产造成的废物进入大气，使我们生病。其他种类的废物流入水中，杀死河流中及海洋中的生物。

捕捞船也在毁灭大量的海洋生物。这些捕捞船捕捞大量的鱼，而不留时间给它们产卵，这将导致我们食用的鱼的数同越来越小。

一方面我们在毁灭环境，另一方面我们继续生育越来越多的人口，这些人口需要更多的土地居住，也需要更多的食物食用!与1800年的人口相比，世界人口数量已经增长了六倍。现在约有70亿人!

我们有责任努力削减生产，减少制造和购买的东西的数量。

我们造出来的垃圾数量正在成为一个大问题。我们有必要更多地考虑循环利用垃圾。好的做法将是增加回收利用的东西的数量，并教给人们不损害环境的生活方式。我们甚至可以借此创造出更多的就业机会，帮助我们的国家在保护环境的同时更好地发展。

谢谢!

钱利伟：

女士们、先生们，上午好。谢谢你，林女士。你的演讲很有意思。显然，你非常担心我们的环境的现状。作为企业发展咨询顾问，我常常被视为是反对环保的。一想到工厂，人们就会想到滚滚的浓烟或者向河流倾泻化学废物的管道。他们会联想到贪婪的商人躲避社会责任，一味关心金钱。人们常常认为经济发展对环境有害，但这未必是正确的。

我在这里要说的是，与很多环境顾问一起工作之后，我知道健康的环境和经济发展并存是有可能的。许多工厂和企业控制自己生产的污染总量，诚心地投入资金去修复它们破坏的环境。这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。我们应该停止将这些公司和商人视作敌人，而应给他们以更多的赞誉。

林女士建议为了保护环境我们应该削减我们所生产的东西的数量。我不同意这个观点，因为那样的话，就业机会将减少。我认为人类比鱼类和树木更加重要。

然而，我非常赞同我们应该利用回收材料制造更多的东西，减少原材料的使用，因为原材料的供应正变得越来越紧张。我们需要更有效的法律来保护环境，但同时让国家得到发展。这包括控制伐木量和捕捞量。这可能会让木材和海产品价格上涨，但是为某些东西支付更高的价钱并不总是坏事。我问过周围的人，发现许多人都愿意支付稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品。

最后，那些污染环境的工厂应该缴纳更高的税。如果你破坏环境，你就应该为此付出更多的环境维护费用。

谢谢大家!

詹姆斯．朗：现在是自由讨论时间„„ Project保护长江

作为世界上第三长的河流，长江的环境问题已经引起了国内外的关注。飞速的经济发展和入口 增长意味着取自长江的水量不断上涨，而排l口J到长江中的废物也在不断增加。这对依赖长江用水的 人来说是个不好的消息，对生活在江中或沿岸的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也是个不好的消息。

许多人已经认识到保护长江的重要性，他们已经成立组织和设立项目，来解决这个问题。例如，绿色江河组织教育人们，让他们了解保护这条大河的重要性。该组织还监视长江，阻止非法捕捞。非法捕捞已经威胁到野生动物的数量。

政府的两个特别项目也在实施中。第一个项目是水土保持项目，启动干1989年。这个项目使得 农民退耕还林或退耕还草。这个项目已经取得成功，因为它有效地改善了当地的环境和江边的土地 情况。

第二个项目是白鳍豚自然保护区。白鳍豚是世界上最稀有的动物之一。由于长江的污染，中国 白鳍豚的数量急剧下降。尽管科学家还在期盼着白鳍豚不会绝种，但人们最后一次看到白鳍豚已经 是在好几年前了。

要解决有关长江的所有问题，我们还有很长的段路要走。但是，人们终于认识到他们有责任 来保护这条大河。因此，长江的环境正在改善。中国政府和人民为保护这条深受人们热爱的河流所 做出的努力会在未来得到赏识。

气候变化和低碳生活

毫无疑问，最近几年世界气候一直在发生着变化。许多人将这一变化归咎于二氧化碳等气体。动物和人类在呼吸时会排出二氧化碳。然而，人类的许多其他活动也会释放出二氧化碳。每当物体 燃烧时，碳就会排放进大气中。小汽车和其他车辆燃烧汽油来发动引擎，发电站通常靠燃烧诸如煤 和油之类的燃料来发电。因此，我们消耗的汽油和电能越多，我们释放出的碳就越多。

我们能做的有助于解决这一问题的方法之一一就是尽量步行或使用自行车。尽管我们呼吸时产生 碳，但所排出的碳要比小汽车产生的碳少很多。当然，有时候我们也需要长途旅行。这种情况下，与私家车或出租车相比，公共交通工具如公共汽车和地铁是更好的选择。如果你必须开车，独自出 行永远不是最佳选择——你应该试着找人与你同行。

在家你应该尽可能少地消耗能量。不用电灯以及其他电器时，应该关掉。由于工厂消耗大量能 源，也排放出大量碳化气体，尽量多地回收利用是非常重要的。尤其是金属产品和纸质产品需要消 耗大量能源来生产，因此你应该找到重复使用这些产品的方法，而不是把它们扔掉。

最后但并不是最不重要的一点是，你可以植树，因为树能够吸收空气中的二氧化碳，释放氧气。种植一棵小树很便宜也很简单，但二十多年之后，当你看到它们都长成大树时，会有一种满足感，因为你知道自己为帮助解决气候变化问题尽了你的一份力。

Unit3 Reading 完美的复制品

科学家最近宣布，他们已经成功克隆出第一个人类胚胎，这在全球范围内引起了沸沸扬扬的辩论，许多人为此感到震惊。一方面，一些科学家指出，如果你能够克隆人类胚胎，那你就可以生产出能够拯救人类生命的宝贵的组织和器官了。另一方面，包括一些科学家在内的很多人持不同意见，他们担心人类用这种方式干涉自然，那就可能离制造一个现实生活中的弗兰肯斯坦怪物不远了。

克隆就是利用动物或植物的细胞来制造一个一摸一样的动物或植物的复制品。第一个成功由成年动物细胞克隆出来的动物是一个叫多利的羊。这只母羊出生在1996年，但2003年初就死了，比正常情况下羊的寿命要短得多。多利羊出生的时候，很多人十分气愤，因为他们觉得克隆会在动物世界里制造出更多的疾病。但是从总体上说，科学家还是因为其杰出的科学突破而得到了人们的称赞。

创造出多利的苏格兰科学家伊恩·威尔莫特在得知有些科学家正在考虑克隆人的消息后感到非常震惊。尽管伊恩·威尔莫特研究克隆，但他的目的根本不是要制造人类的复制品。相反，他认为应当将研究精力集中在制造最终能够用来治疗癌症等疾病的组织和器官上。但也有人认为，怀着摧毁它们的意图来克隆人类胚胎，这是对人类生命的不尊重。

尽管克隆的这种用途引发了人们的很多忧虑，但对不能生育的41岁女推销员伊·威尔逊来说却是个好消息。“我现在迫不及待地向要个孩子，”她说。“我不想收养别人的孩子，我也不想借用别的女人的卵子——我想要一个跟我在基因上又关系的孩子，如果有机会，我明天就想要一个克隆的孩子。”

尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家属于非法，有些科学家已经开始加紧研究，以便降生一个克隆的人类婴儿。一个名叫韦里·诺安蒂诺里的意大利医生就是该研究领域中的一个领军人物，他宣传自己想成为克隆人类的第一人。

在中国，科学家则把精力集中在克隆动物以及干细胞，以便用于医学研究。中国已经成功克隆出了牛和山羊，并在继续研究利用克隆技术造福人类的各种途径。

尊敬的编辑：

我坚信克隆人类是不道德的。如果我们干涉自然，我们将不得不应付各种后果。谁会知道发生什么呢？我们可能会制造出一个怪物，甚至是一个最终有一天反过来取代我们人类的超人类物种。到那时，人类生命将不再是独一无二的了，它将不过是一个供买卖的产品而已。

人类正在耗尽地球资源。毋庸置疑，我们应该少生孩子，以减少地球上的人口数量，二不是克隆出更多的人。

我为那种不能生育的女性感到遗憾，但我想指出，世界上还有很多没有父母的儿童，如果有一个妈妈他们会很高兴的。波琳·卡特 尊敬的编辑：

我想点评一下你们发表的文章“完美的复制品”。我认为，你们文中所提及的科学进展很是神奇。我完全同意克隆人类。毕竟，好几个世纪以来科学家一直在挑战道德问题。我们为什么要选择这个时间来组织他们呢？

根据我个人的观点，克隆将会彻底改变我的生活。七年前，我10岁的女儿死于心脏病。她很漂亮、活泼、聪明。我每天都在思念她。如果我有机会，我会立刻克隆出她来，这样我就能够重新和她在一起了。科林·贾克

Project人类与自然

长期以来，由于人类的漠不关心，我们的环境遭受了严重破坏。人类因农业、渔业、狩猎以及旅游业已经损害了自然。我们在海里修建新的通道，在陆地建造工厂，产生的化学废物污染环境，这些都变本加厉地在破坏地球。如果我们继续这样做，总有一天我们会毁掉我们赖以生存的星球。

然而，如果我们只关注保护自然，人类就要受苦。并非一切对自然最好的对人类也是最好的。会有人说为了保护自然就应该停止经济发展吗?根据有些人的观点，我们只是在做人类一直在做的 事情--利用自然满足我们自己的需求。还有·些人则争辩说这样的思维会带来大灾难，除非我们 开始关注周围的环境，懂得清洁的环境为什么对我们大家有益。

在破坏自然、用竭自然资源数十年之后，许多发达国家现在更关注保护自然，而不是发展或破 坏自然。但是，许多贫穷国家必须致力于满足其人民的日常需要。为了实现这一日标，他们正在飞 速消耗自然资源。他们还没有像许多富裕国家那样，认识到随心所欲消耗自然资源的后果。他们往 往没有意识到他们的选择有害环境。如果他们毁掉了成千上万亩的雨林，但却使他们的人民有了更

好的收入，他们是否应该受到责备呢?世界上发达国家和发展中国家需要通力合作，确保人们过上富裕快乐的生活，而周边的环境也不会遭受破坏。

这不应该是人类获胜、自然失败的问题。人们只有保护自然才能真正地获胜。毕竟，食物需要 在健康自然的环境系统中生长，我们都需要呼吸干净的空气，饮用纯净的水。找到对人类、对万物 皆有利的解决方案，这是人类的职责。

转基因食品：希望还是威胁?

近年来，遗传学研究有了巨大的进步。由于这些进步，通向前所未有的科技之门打开了。当许 多人为这些新技术而兴奋不已时，这些技术也让其他人害怕。转基因食品就是最好的例子。

可以通过两种方法改变动植物基因。第一种方法是在动植物原有的DNA中插入新的物质，这样 可以让动物或植物具有本质上没有的特性。第二种方法是移除动植物DNA原有的某些物质，这样可 以去除掉动植物原本具有的但人们不想要的一些特性。

转基因研究的一个目的就是生产可以让我们更加健康的食品。到目前为止，这项技术已用十植 物基因改造，基凶改造后的植物能更好地抵御虫害和疾病。转基因食品的支持者认为转基因植物更 加健康，产量也更高。虽然现在也有转基因动物研究，如对猪的研究，但目前还没有转基因肉类销 售。

人们提出了许多关干转基因食品的问题。没有人真正知道转基因食品是否可供人或动物安全食 用。科学家承认需要对转基因食品做更多的测试。日前的研究仅局限于增加生产利润，而不是确保 转基因食品的安全。因此食用转基因食品有可能是危险的。

还有一个问题是转基因植物是否对环境安全。转基因作物生长在户外，因而它们成为食物链的。一部分——昆虫以及其它动物会吃这些作物或者它们的果实，而这些昆虫和动物又会被其他动物吃 掉。没有人知道转基因物质会给食物链带来什么影响。

由于没有人确切地知道转基因食品是否安全，许多国家在是否允许生产转基因食品问题上犹豫 不决，他们宁愿对这项新技术持谨慎的态度。

第五篇：牛津译林高中英语课文 译林牛津高中英语必修模块1-模块5课文翻译

牛津译林高中英语课文 译林牛津高中英语必修模块1-模块5课文翻译

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M 1 Unit 1 School life in the UK英国校园生活

在英国上了一年的中学对我来说是一段非常令人愉快和兴奋的经历。我很满意英国的上学时间，因为那里是大约9点开始上学，下午3：30放学，这意味着我可以比平常晚起床一个小时，因为在中国8点之前就开始上课了。

在第一天，所有新生在学校礼堂集合，我坐在一个叫做戴安娜的女孩旁边，我们很快就成为了好朋友。在集合期间，校长告诉我们关于学校的规章制度，他还告诉我们，在学校要想赢得别人的尊重，最好的方法就是努力学习，取得高分，这一点听起来跟中国的学校差不多。

在过去的一年里，我有很多的老师，黑伍德先生，也就是我的班主任，对我很有帮助；我最喜欢的老师是伯尔克小姐，我喜欢她教的英国文学课。在我们班有28个同学，这差不多是英国学校的平均班额。我们在不同的教室上不同的课，上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字是一件难事。

我发现这里布置的家庭作业不像我以前在原来学校时那么繁重，可是一开始我还是觉得有点挑战性，因为所有的作业都是英文的。让我感到幸运的是，所有老师都给了我极大的鼓励，也喜欢所学的科目：英语、历史、英国文学，计算机，数学、科学、体育、艺术、烹饪和法语。

我的英语提高了很多，因为我每天都使用英语而且我每天花一小时在图书馆看英语书，我经常在中午休息的时候去计算机俱乐部，这样我就可以免费给国内你的家人和朋友发邮件了。我还在每周二的晚上有一节法语课，烹饪课也很有趣，因为我可以学到如何购买、准备和烹饪食物，在学期末，我们有举行班级聚会，我们都需要做一些食物，让我很高兴的是我同学都很喜欢我做的蛋糕。

那里的学生必须要学数学、英语和科学，但是可以不学一些他们不喜欢的科目，例如历史和法语。他们可以选择像艺术和计算机技术等课程，或者像西班牙语和德语等语言类课程。在我修的艺术课上，我做了一个雕塑，尽管它完成时看起来不是很漂亮，但我仍然很喜欢它。

在吃中餐的时候，我就很想念中国菜；应该食物很不一样，英国人在他们的正餐后喜欢吃甜点。中餐后，我们经常在学校的操场上玩耍，有时我和男孩子们一起踢足球，有时，我就在树下或坐在草地上放松一下。我很庆幸体验到这种不同的生活方式，回顾我在英国度过的时光，我感到很满意，我也很希望再回到曼彻斯特学习。

M 1 Unit 1 Project 我们学校有一个广播俱乐部。这个俱乐部的非常之处在于它是由学生们自己为学校创办的。我很幸运地成了其中的一名主持人。

广播俱乐部是两年前创立的。有一天，我萌发了为大家播放音乐的念头，于是我就问校长能否在休息时间给同学们播放音乐，校长同意了。两年后，我作为元老负责校广播俱乐部的工作。我们的俱乐部现在不只是播放音乐。每天早上我们向同学们播报天气情况和时事新闻，还有老师们要我们播出的一些特别告示。

到了考试的时候我们就会做一档特别节目，告诉学生们复习迎考的注意事项。每当学年结束的时候，许多即将毕业离校的学生就会借助我们的广播俱乐部向他们的好友和老师留下毕业致辞。每逢家长来访、与老师交谈的时候，我们常常播放一些由学生们自己演唱的歌曲。我们还会广播一些通知，告诉家长们有关诸如远足、校内戏剧表演之类的活动讯息： 毕业后，我会想念广播俱乐部的，但我知道，没有我，它还会继续办下去的。（凯特·琼斯）

我们的校内俱乐部“下一代诗人”是由我们的英语老师欧文先生发起的一个文学俱乐部。每个月的最后一个星期五我们会聚在一起讨论喜爱的诗歌和诗人。聚会的时候，我们首先挑选出我们喜爱的诗歌，然后朗诵这些诗歌。我们还在聚会时讨论诗歌。

我第一次参加聚会的时候，被要求写一首诗，还得当着俱乐部成员的面进行朗诵。起初我觉得有些紧张，但所有的成员都是那么亲切、支好，我很快就不担心了。有一次，我在学校花园里朗诵了一首表现大自然的诗歌。朗诵前．我选择了一棵老树，把大家都聚集在树下。俱乐部成员们都说那是他们听过的最好的诗歌之 一。（鲍勃·肖）

M 1 Unit 2Reading 小鬼当家 Act One第一幕 妈妈和爸爸外出度假，比预期的时间提前一天返回家中。妈和爸爸进门时，窗帘紧闭，起居室里黑咕隆咚的。爸爸：

回家的感觉真好啊！

妈妈：

是啊，我迫不及待地要给儿子们一个惊喜呢！突然，门开了，一只足球飞了进来。埃里克随后跑进起居室，身后跟着一条大狗，走路慢吞吞的。

埃里克：妈妈！爸爸！你们这么早就回来了呀！

（四下打量，惊慌地）可是、可是……你们应该明天才到家的呀！狗缓缓地走到妈妈和爸爸身边。

妈妈：

（俯身抚摸着狗）埃里克，狗怎么又累又饿的啊!（看了看桌子）买狗食的钱不见了，可是小斑点看上去都饿坏了！你俩用我们留给你们的钱做什么了？

爸爸：

还有，你们看看这起居室——垃圾满地都是！你哥哥在哪儿？

（生气地喊）丹尼尔！

丹尼尔：（跑进起居室）妈妈，爸爸，我可以跟你们解释…… 爸爸拉开窗帘，光线一下子照进屋里。起居室里一片狼藉：地板上堆放着比萨饼盒子，洗碗池里全是脏碗碟。角落里有只垃圾桶，在其周围还有垃圾和废纸。妈妈和爸爸同时转向丹尼尔。

爸爸：

（非常生气地）听我说，年轻人——我们将这个家交给你负责！我们原以为你的行为举止能像个大人样了，可看看这片狼籍！我不知道为什么这个房子弄得这么脏…… 妈妈：

丹尼尔，我们还以为你是成年人了，是一个会做出正确决定的人…，爸爸：

我们怎么能再信任你？在我们家里可不能容忍这种行为！

丹尼尔：（叫喊着）别对我大喊大叫好不好？我还只是个少年！为什么什么事总是我的过错？

丹尼尔冲进自己的卧室，愤怒地关上房门。妈妈和爸爸面面相觑，灯光灭。第一幕完

第二幕，第一场

丹尼尔和埃里克的卧室：埃里克坐在床上，丹尼尔双臂抱在胸前，看起来很不高兴。

丹尼尔：

他们压根儿就不给我一个辩解的机会。我讨厌他们：

埃里克：

你可不要讨厌他们!我可以告诉他们发生了紧急情况：解释之后他们就不会再生气了。‟

丹尼尔：

别，什么都不用跟他们说。不管怎样，他们不信任我：他们不配得到解释。他们愿意怎么想就让他们怎么想好了。

埃里克：

可是丹尼尔．如果他们知道小斑点生病了．我们用那笔钱带小斑点去看了兽医……

丹尼尔： 还有，我们昨天在兽医那儿呆了一整天，正因为如此，我们才没有时间打扫房子……可是，不，埃里克，为什么他们不问问我到底发生了什么事就对我大喊大叫呢？ 第二幕，第二场

妈妈：

你觉得我们刚才对丹尼尔是不是太苛刻了呢？有可能家里一团糟是有原因的……

爸爸：

也许吧，可是既然他对我们那么粗鲁无礼．那我觉得我们有必要教训教训他，要不然他不会尊重我们的。妈妈：

哎，干嘛非得这么麻烦啊？

妈妈叹了口气。第二幕完

M 1 Unit 2 Project

成长的烦恼

很多青少年感到孤独，好像没有人理解他们以及他们正在经历的变化。日子一天天过去，而所有事情似乎都是不同的，可又都是一成不变的。生活似乎从不过得足够快；而从别的方面看，生活似乎过得太快甚至于失控，像开赛车一样。别的人也有过同感么？

这些感觉是青春期——介于孩童和成人之间的人生阶段——的正常组成部分。而且，虽然有时难以相信，并非只有你才是这样——每一个成年人都经历过青春期，而你的朋友和你一样正经历这个阶段。对青少年而言，感到孤独和被误解是很普遍的。这些情感可以看作是成长的烦恼——是青少年迈向成年时所面对的困难。

在青少年成长的时候，对自己无论体内还是体外的状态变化感到困惑对他们而言是正常现象。在青春期，青少年经历着身体上的巨大变化。他们个子长高，声音变低，还有很多其他的成长发育。

与这些生理变化同时而来的，还有很多心理上的变化。男孩和女孩在这方面往往有所不同。很多男孩成为危险尝试者——他们希望找到自己的局限和他们周边世界的局限，但也许并不具有对其行为作出正确抉择的智慧。而与此同时，女孩则通常需要和某个人——或任何人进行交谈，因为她们试图面对自己强烈的情感。