人教版初一英语下册知识点总结

第一篇：人教版初一英语下册知识点总结

Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?

一．短语：．be from = come from来自于----2． live in 居住在---3． on weekends 在周末 4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人．in the world 在世界上6.in China在中国7．pen pal笔友

8.14 years old14岁9.favorite subject 最喜欢的科目10．the United States 美国the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽11．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎

9．go to the movies 去看电影play sports 做运动

二．重点句式：Where’s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/Where does he live?3 What language(s)does he speak?4 I want a pen pal in China.5 I can speak English and a little French.6 Please write and tell me about yourself.7 Can you write to me soon?8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。Canada----Canadian----English / French2 France------French------FrenchJapan------Japanese----Japanese4 Australia----Australian-----Englishthe United States------American----English6 the United Kingdom---British-----Enghish

Unit 2 Where’s the post office?

一． Asking ways:(问路)

1． Where is(the nearest)……？（最近的）……在哪里？

2．3．

4．5． Can you tell me the way to ……？你能告诉我去……的路吗？ How can I get to ……？我怎样到达……呢？ Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood?附近有……吗？ Which is the way to ……？哪条是去……的路？

二．Showing the ways:（指路）

1.Go straight down / along this street.沿着这条街一直走。

2.Turn left at the second turning.在第二个路口向左转。

3.You will find it on your right.你会在你右手边发现它。

4.It is about one hundred metres from here.离这里大约一百米远。

5.You’d better take a bus.你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）

三．词组

1.across from …… 在……的对面across from the bank在银行的对面

2.next to……紧靠……next to the supermarket紧靠超市

3.between……and……在……和……之间

between the park and the zoo在公园和动物园之间

among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间

4.in front of…… 在……前面There is a tree in front of the classroom.课室前面有棵树。in the front of…… 在……（内）的前部There is a desk in the front of the classroom.课室内的前部有张桌子。

5.behind…… 在……后面behind my house 在我家后面

6.turn left/ right 向左/右拐

on the left/right of……在某物的左/右边on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边on one’s left/right在某人的左/右边on my left在我左边

7.go straight 一直走

8.down /along……沿着……（街道 down/along Center Street 沿着中央街

9.in the neighborhood=near here在附近10 welcome to…… 欢迎来到……

11.take /have a walk 散步12.the beginning of…………的开始,前端

at the beginning of…… 在……的开始,前端in the beginning 起初，一开始

13.have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得开心，过得愉快

我昨天玩得很开心。

I had fun yesterday.I had a good time yesterday.I enjoyed myself yesterday.14.have a good trip 旅途愉快15.take a taxi 坐出租车

16.到达：get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/那/家

arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing.arrive at +小地方I arrive at the bank.reach +地方

17．go across 从物体表面横过go across the street横过马路

go through 从空间穿过go through the forest穿过树林

18．on + 街道的名称。Eg: on Center Street

at + 具体门牌号+街道的名称Eg: at 6 Center Street

三．重难点解析

1．enjoy doing sth享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事I enjoy reading.我喜爱读书。

到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和enjoy，都是要带 doing.I finish cleaning the room.我扫完了这间屋子。

2．hope to do sth希望做某事I hope to pass this exam.我希望通过这次考试。

hope +从句I hope tomorrow will be fine.我希望明天将会晴朗。

（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。

如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）

3.if 引导一个表示假设的句子。

If I have much money, I will go to the moon.如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。

If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。

四．本单元的反义词、近义词配对

1、new—old2、quiet---busy3、dirty---clean4、big----small

Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears?

一．重点词组

eat grasseat leavesbe quietvery shyvery smartvery cute

play with her friendskind ofSouth Africaother animals

at nightin the dayevery dayduring the day

二.交际用语

1.Why do you like pandas?Because they’re very clever.2.Why does he like koalas?Because they’re kind of interesting.3.Where are lions from?They are from South Africa.4.What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too.Why? Because they’re friendly and clever.5.Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.6.She’s very shy.7.He is from Australia.8．He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.9．He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.10．Let’s see the pandas first.11．They’re kind of interesting.12．What other animals do you like?13．Why do you want to see the lions?

三.重点难点释义

1、kind of有点，稍微Koala bears are kind of shy.考拉有点害羞。

kind 还有“种类”的意思

如：各种各样的 all kinds ofWe have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.2、Chinan.中国African.非洲

China 和Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in连用。

There are many kinds of tigers in China.There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.3、friendlyadj.友好的，和蔼可亲的它是名词friend的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用, be friendly。

The people in Chengdu are very friendly.4、withprep.跟，同，和…在一起

I usually play chess with my father.注意区别与and的用法，and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，如果有I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：

My father and I usually play chess together.Play with “和…一起玩耍”“玩…”

I often play with my pet dog.Don’t play with water!

5、day和night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night表示夜或夜晚。

通常说in the day, during the day, at night。

Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night.6、leafn.叶子

复数形式为：leaves, 类似的变化还有：wife—wives, wolf—wolves,knife—knives，scarf---scarfs(scarves)等。

7、hourn.小时；点钟hour前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”，即：an hour。

There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.8、be from 来自…be from = come from

Pandas are from China.= Pandas come form China.9、meatn.（食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much meatHe eats much meat every day.10、grassn.草，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much grass。There is much grass on the playground.四.语法知识

特殊疑问句通常以“what”、“who”、“which”、“when”、“where”、“how”、“how old”、“how many”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。

特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：

1.疑问句+一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：

What’s your grandfather’s telephone number?你爷爷的电话号码是多少？

Who is that boy with big eyes?那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？

Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？

When is he going to play the piano?他什么时候弹钢琴？

Where does he live?他住在哪儿？

How are you? 你好吗？How old are you?你多大了？

How many brothers and sisters do you have?你有几个兄弟姐妹？

2.疑问句+陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：

Who is on duty today? 今天谁值日？

Which man is your teacher?哪位男士是你的老师？

我们学过的What/How about+名词/代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。例如：

I like English.What/How about you?我喜欢英语。你呢？

What about playing basketball?打篮球怎么样？

第二篇：初一英语下册知识点

七年级总复习资料

Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?

一、词组

be from= come form 来自...pen pal=pen friend 笔友like and dislike好恶；爱憎 live in +地点 在...居住 speak +语言 讲某种语言 play sports做体育运动a little French一些法语go to the movies 去看电影 write to sb 给某人写信an action movie 一部动作片 on weekends 在周末tell sb about sth 告诉某人某事Excuse me对不起，打扰 get to 到达、抵达

二、句型

1、Where+be+主语＋from?主语＋be+from+地点.2、Ｗhere do/does+主语＋live?主语＋live/lives in…

3、Ｗhat language do/does +主语+speak?主语＋speak/speaks….4、主语＋like/likes+doing/to do…

5.What is your favorite subject/sport?My favorite subject/sport is…

6.It’s fun.7.Is that your new pen pal?Yes, it is.Unit 2 Where’s the post office

一、词组

post office 邮局 pay phone 投币式公用电话 next to 在...隔壁 across from 在...对面 in front of 在...前面 between…and… 在...和...之间on a street在街上

in the neighborhood 在附近on the right/left在右边／在左边 behind…在…后面 on Green street 在格林街上 near…在…附近go straight 一直走 welcome to… 欢迎 enjoy+名词/doing喜欢做某事 have fun 过得愉快 play +the+乐器 弹奏乐器

on one’s right/left 在某人的右边／左边turn right/left 向右／左转take a walk 散步

have fun 玩得开心 the way to …去...的路 let sb do sth 让某人做某事take a taxi 打的／乘出租车go down(along)…沿着...走go through...穿过..have a good trip旅途愉快 arrive at（小地方）/in（大地方）到达 at the beginning of 在...开始的时候 at the end of 在...结束的时候hope to do sth/that/for sth

二、日常交际用语。

1、Is there a bank near here?Yes, there is.It’s on Centre Street./No, there isn’t.2、Where’s the supermarket?It’s next to the library.3、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.4、I hope you have a good trip.5．If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.6、Talk a walk though the park..7.I know you are arriving next Sunday.我知道你下周日要来。

三、句型。

1、Is there a ….?句型Eg:

-Excuse me.Is there a hotel in the neighborhood.-Yes, there is.No.there isn’t2、Where is …?句型Eg:

-Where is the park,please?-It’s behind the bank.(肯定回答)-I’m sorry I don’t know.(否

定回答)

3、Which is the way to +地点? 句型.例如：Can you tell me the way to the post office?

6、Let me tell you the way to my house.7、Just go straight and turn left.Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?

一、词组

want to do sth.想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事want sth 想要某物 Let sb do sth 让某人做某事 kind of 有几分种类 a kind of 一种…

…years old …年龄 like to do sth 喜欢做某事 like doing sth

play with … 与...一起玩 during the day 在白天 at night 在夜间

have a look at..看...one…the other一个...另一个...二、句型与日常交际用语。

1、-why do you like pandas?/-Why dose he like koalas?-Because they’re very cure.2.Why do you want to see the lions? Because they’re …

3、-Where are lions from?-Lions are from South Africa.4、-What(other)animals do you like?-I like elephants.other+ 名词的复数.表示没有特定的数量范围

the other+名词的复数表示有特定的数量范围.5.-Do you like giraffes?Yes, I do./ No, I don’t

Unit 4 I want to be an actor.一、词组

want to be+a/an+职业想要成为…shop assistant店员bank clerk银行职员work with 与…一起工作 help sb(to)do sth/sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 as…作为…

work hard 努力工作work for 为。。而工作work as 作为。而工作get..from…从..获得…

give sth.to.sb /give.sb.sth 把某物给某人in the day 在白天at night 在夜间talk to /with 与…讲话 外出吃饭in a hospital 在医院newspaper reporter报社记者 movie actor 电影演员

二、句型

1.-What do/does+某人+do?例-What do you do?-I’m a student./-What dose he do? He’s a teacher.2-What do/does+某人+want to be?例：What do you want to be?-I want to be a teacher.3.-Where does your sister work?-She works in a hospital.4.-Does he work in the hospital?Yes, he does/No, he doesn’t

5.-Does she work late?-Yes, she does/No, she doesn’t

6.－英语中询问职业的几种表达方式：

What do/does …do?/What is…? What is your father’s job? /What’s one’s job?Unit 5 I’m watching TV.一、词组

do one’s homework 做家庭作业watch TV看电视 eat dinner 吃饭；就餐clean the room 打扫房间 talk on the phone 电话聊天 sound +形容词 听起来… thanks for+n/doing为某事感谢某人 go shopping/swimming去购物/游泳 at the pool 在游泳池

read newspaper/a book看报纸／看书go to the movies 看电影write a letter 写信 wait for 等待；等候talk about 谈论。。play basketball/soccer/打篮球／踢足球 take photos 拍照TV show 电视节目Some of…中的一些a photo of my family 我的家庭照

at school 在学校be with 和。。一起in the tree 在树上 in the first/last photo在第一张/最后一张照片 with sb 和某人在一起

二、句型与日常交际用语

1.-What+be+主语+doing? ….正在做什么？-主语＋be doing。。…正在做某事。

3.-Here are/is…例：Here are some of my photos.Here is a photo of my family.1.-Do you want to go to the movies? –Sure.2.-When do you want to go? –Let’s go at seven.3.-Where do people play basketball? –At school.4.-What’s he waiting for?-He’s waiting for a bus.5.-What’s he reading? He’s reading a newspaper.6.You can see my family at home.Can +do(动词原形)可以…

四、语法：现在进行时

1)现在在进行时的形式是：

助动词be(am,is,are)+动词-ing形式（也叫现在分词），表示现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。

2)现在进行时的肯定句形式主语+be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词+其他I’m watching TV.3)现在进行时的否定句形式主语+be(am,is,are)+not+动词现在分词+其他 They are not playing soccer.4)现在进行时的一般疑问句形式及回答 Is(am,are)+主语+动词现在分词+其他?

Yes,主语+is/am/are.No,主语+isn’t/aren’t/am not.Are you reading? Yes,I am.No,I am not.5)现在进行时的特殊疑问句形式:

特殊疑问词+is/am/are+主语+现在分词+其他?例:What is your brother doing? Unit 6 It’s raning!

一、词组

Play computer games 打电子游戏in picture 在图片里Around The World 世界各地 On vacation 度假 Take photos 拍照 On the beach 在海边 lie on the beach 躺在沙滩上

a group of people 一群人 play beach volleyball 打沙滩排球 be surprised at sth./sb.对某人或某人感到惊讶 in this heat 在酷暑中 be relaxed 放松 have a good time 玩得很痛快

in different kind of weather在不同的天气里Thank sb for(doing)sth由于某事而感谢某人 How’s it going?近况如何Some…others…一些…另一些… Look like..看起来

像。。

look+adj 看起来… look at sb doing/do sth 看某人正在做某事/做了某事（事情的全过程）everyone后面使用单三

二、句型／日常交际用语

(1)-How’s the weather(+地点)? –It’s raining?

(2)-What’s the weather like?—It’s sunny./It’s cold and snowing.(3)-How’s it going? –Great./Not bad./terrible/pretty good

(4)Thanks you for joining CCTV’s Around the World show?

(5)-Is Aunt Wang there? –Yes, she is/No, she isn’t

(6)There are many people here on vacation.Unit 7 What dose he look like?

一、词组

look like 看起来像....curly /short/straight/long hair 卷／短／直发of medium height/build 中等高度／身体 a little bit+形容词一点儿… a pop singer 一位流行歌手 be popular with sb 在…流行 not…any more 不再good-looking 好看的wear glasses 戴眼镜have a new look 呈现新面貌 the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长Nobody knows me没有人认识我二、句型

１)--What does he look like?--He’s really short.He has short hair./ He is of medium build.2）Do you know I have a new friend in Class Five？

２)--She has beautiful, long black hair.３)--I don’t think he’s so great.6)--She never stops talking.--Stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事如:He stop listening

--stop to do(sth)表示停下来去做某事如:He stops to listen.7)I can go shopping and nobody knows me.Unit 8 I’d like some noodles.1.词组

would like+n/to do 想要 a large/medium/small bowl of 大碗/中碗/小碗 what size 什么尺寸

orange juice 桔汁 green tea 绿茶 phone number 电话号码 as well as 而且

what kind of 表示….的种类a kind of 一种… some kind of 许多种… a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 a bottle of orange juice 一瓶桔子汁(不可数)three oranges 三个桔子(可数)some chicken 一些鸡肉(不可数)three chickens 三只小鸡(可数)

二、句型

1)What kind of … would you like? 你想要…?

2)What size bowl of noodles would you like? I like a small bowl of noodles.3)We have large ,medium, and small bowls.4)I like dumplings, I don’t like noodles.三、日常交际用语

1)—Can I help you?/ What can I do for you?--I’d like some noodles.please.2)--What kind of noodles would you like?--I’d like mutton and potato noodles.Please.3)—Would you like a cup of green tea?--Yes, please./No, thanks

would like后面还可以跟不定式.即:

A: would like to do sth.想要做某事 He would like to see you today.B:would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事 What would you like me to do.Unit 9 How was you weekend?

一、词组

play +运动或棋类 play +the+乐器 go to the movies去看电影 do some reading阅读go to the beach/pool 去沙滩/游泳 have a party/ do some sports 做运动 练习…what aout/ How about+n/doing做什么怎么样

stay at home 呆家里go to summer camp 去夏令营go to the mountains去爬山visit sb拜访某人

go shopping 去购物last month 上个月three days ago 三天前yesterday 昨天look for 寻找

go for a walk 散步in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上／在下午／在晚上 on Sunday morning 在某个具体一天的上午、下午用介词onplay computer games 玩电脑游戏spend money/time on sth/(in)doing sth 花费…做…watch sb do/doing sth 看某人做了某事/正在做某事

二、句型

１）I visited my aunt last weekend.2)--How was your weekend?--It was great./OK

3)—It was time for sb to do sth.三、日常交际用语

1)—What did you do last weekend?--On Saturday morning,I played teenis.2)—How was your weekend?--It was great.I went to the brach.Unit 10 Where did you go on vacation?

一、词组

ptetty good 相当好；不错in the conner 在角落 kind of boring 有点无聊 be lost 迷路 feel happy 感到高兴 be fun 很有趣 on vacation 在度假Central Park中央公园 the Great Wall 长城 the Palace Museum 故宫 Tian’an Men Square 天安门广场 make sb adj 使某人… make sb do sth 使某人做某事 decide to do sth决定做某事

二、句型

1)—Where did you go on vacation?--I went to the breach.2)—How was the weather?--It was hot and humid.3)--It was kind of boring4)—That made me feel very happy.5)--We had great fun playing in the water.--have great fun doing sth表示―愉快地做某事‖，―做某事很有趣‖

(6)I helped him find his father.That made me feel very happy.make sb.do.sth.使某人做某事let（make）sb.do.sth.(7)I found a small boy crying in the conner.find sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事。find sb.do.sth.发现某人做某事（整个过程）Ｕnit 11 What do you think of game shows?

一、词组

talk show 谈话节目soap opera 肥皂剧sports show 体育节目game show 比赛节目

think of/about 认为 in fact 事实上a thirteen-year-old boy 一个十三岁的男孩＝ The boy is thirteen years oldtalk to(with)…跟 …谈话 each student（后用单三）每个学生key ring 钥匙链baseball cap 棒球帽 the school magazine 校刊can’t stand+n不能忍受don’t mind+n不介意／无所谓／不在乎 ask sb about sth 询问某人关于某事的看法 show sb sth/show ssth to sb给某人看某物

二、句型

(1)—What do you think of situation comedy?

--I love them/I don’t mind them/I can’t stand them/I don’t like.(2)—This is what I think.(3)--I don’t mind what young people think of me!

(4)—Can you please put my letter in next month’s magazine?

三、日常交际用语

(1)—How about you?---I do, too.(2)--What do you think of …?--=How do you like…?

如：What do you think of the picture?=How do you like the picture?

Unit 12 Don’t eat in class.一、词组

school rules 学校规章制度 break the rules 违反规章制度 in the hallways 在过道 listen to music 听音乐in the music room 在音乐教室里in the dining hall 在餐厅 sports shoes 运动鞋gym class 体育课after school 放学后have to do 不得不做 too many+名词复数 太多get up 起床by ten o’clock 十点之前make dinner 做饭

go to the children’s palace 去少年宫 be late for…迟到 on school nights 上学的晚上 be in bed 在床上on weekends 在周末 wash my clothes 洗衣服

二、句型

(1)—Don’t arrive late for class.(2)—We can’t listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside.(3)—What else do you have to do?--We have to clean the classroom.(4)--Can we wear hats in school?--Yes, we can/ No, we can’t.(5)-Do you have to wear a uniform at school?--Yes, we do /No, we don’t.(6)What are the rules at your school?

重难点精析

祈使句

通常用来表示命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告等语气。它的主语you(听话人)通常省略。其构成通常有以下几种形式。

1)Be型（即系动词原型be+表语＋其他）。

如：Be quiet,please.否定句Don’t + be+表语+其他。

如：Don’t be angry.2)Do型（即系动词原形＋宾语＋其他）。如：

Open you books, please.否定句Don’t +实义动词原形+宾语+其他。

如：Don’t eat in the classroom.3)Let型（即Let+宾语+动词原形+其他）如：

Let me help you.Let’s go at six o’clock.否定句一般在宾语后加not。如：

Let’ not watch TV.4)No+V-ing型（此种形式通常用于公共场合的提示语中，意为―禁止做某事―）如： No smoking!严禁吸烟！No talking!不许交谈！

No passing!禁止通行！No parking!不许停车

第三篇：人教版初一英语下册知识点总结

初一英语下册知识点归纳总结

【知识梳理】 I.重点短语 1.a bottle of 2.a little 3.a lot(of)4.all day 5.be from 6.be over 7.come back 8.come from 9.do one’s homework 10.do the shopping 11.get down 12.get home 13.get to 14.get up 15.go shopping 16.have a drink of 17.have a look 18.have breakfast 19.have lunch 20.have supper 21.listen to 22.not„at all 23.put„away 24.take off 25.throw it like that 26.would like

15.We / They have some CDs.We / They don’t have any CDs.16.---What day is it today / tomorrow?---It’s Monday.17.---May I borrow your colour pens, please?---Certainly.Here you are.18.---Where are you from?---From Beijing.19.What's your telephone number in New York? 20.---Do you like hot dogs?---Yes, I do.(A little./ A lot./ Very much.)---No, I don't.(I don't like them at all.)21.---What does your mother like?---She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22.---When do you go to school every day?---I go to school at 7:00 every day.23.---What time does he go to bed in the evening?---He goes to bed at 10:00.IV.重要语法 1.人称代词的用法； 2.祈使句；

3.现在进行时的构成和用法； 4．动词have的用法； 5．一般现在时构成和用法；

6．可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法

【名师讲解】

1.That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.That’s right意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。

do cooking 作“做饭”解，属泛指。do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用 some, much修饰。从do some cooking可引出许多类似的短语：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 买些东西do some reading 读书do some writing 写些东西do some fishing 钓鱼

从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用some, much或定冠词。

go shopping 去买东西go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船go swimming 去游泳 5.like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth.与like to do sth.意思相同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性；后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如：

He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming.他喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢和李明踢。6.other/ others/ the other/ another other表其余的，别的，如：Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗? others 别的人，别的东西.如：In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人。

the other表另一个（二者之中）one„，the other„如：One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。another表三者以上的另一个，另一些如：There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。7.in the tree/ on the tree in the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为“在树上”但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree.那棵树上有些苹果。There is a bird in the tree.那棵树上有只鸟。8.some/ any some和 any既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要注意。(1)some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如：

There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isn't any water in the glass.(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依

是真的。

could可代替can表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转。例如： Could I speak to John，please？我能和约翰说话吗？

Could you？在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？请你等半个小时好吗？Could you please ring again at six？六点钟请你再打电话好吗？(4)can的形式

只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态，有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态（包括将来时）须用be able to加动词不定式来表示。例如：They have not been able to come to Beijing.他们没有能到北京来。11.look for/ find look for 意为“寻找”，而find意为“找到，发现”，前者强调“找”这一动作，并不注重“找”的结果，而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如：She can’t find her ruler.她找不到她的尺子啦。

Tom is looking for his watch，but he can’t find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表，但没能找到。

12.be sleeping/ be asleep be sleeping 表示动作，意思是“正在睡觉”；be asleep 表示状态，意思是“睡着了”。如：---What are the children doing in the room? 孩子们在房间里做什么？---They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉。

The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了。13.often/ usually/sometimes often 表示“经常”，sometimes表示“有时候”，在表示发生频率上often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes。这三个词表示的是经常性，一般性的动作或情况，常与一般现在时连用，常位于主要谓语动词的前面，其他谓语动词（be动词，情态动词和助动词）的后面，有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气，则放在句首。

We usually play basketball after school.我们通常放学后打篮球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有时，我睡觉很早。

He often reads English in the morning.他经常在早晨读英语。14.How much/ How many how much常用来询问某一商品的价格，常见句式是How much is / are„?

等连用。

We often clean the classroom after school.我们经常放学后打扫教室。Look!They are cleaning the classroom.看！他们正在打扫教室呢。【考点扫描】

中考考点在本单元主要集中在：

1．动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法，人称代词的用法，可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法。

2．本册书中常见的交际用语 3．本册书中一些重点的词组和短语

考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和短文填空。【中考范例】

1.（2004年安徽省中考试题）

---Hurry up!We’re all waiting for you.---I ________ for an important phone call.Go without me.A.wait B.was waiting C.am waiting D.waited 【解析】答案：C。表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。2.(2004年长春市中考试题)Could you help ___ with ____ English, please?A.I, my B.me, me C.me, my D.my, I 【解析】答案：C。第一个空作宾语，应用人称代词的宾格me, 第二个空作定语，应用形容词性物主代词my。3.(2004年长春市中考试题)Dr.White can _______ French very well.A.speak B.talk C.say D.tell 【解析】答案：A。说什麽语言常用动词speak。4.（2004年黄冈中考试题）

English is spoken by __people.A.a lot B.much many C.a large number of D.a great deal of 【解析】答案：C。只有a large number of 能用来修饰复数可数名词people。4.he, say, Beijing, big, beautiful, like, work, here

第四篇：初一英语知识点总结

对于刚上初一的同学来说，英语基础知识常有“剪不断，理还乱”的感觉。整体来说，在初中的英语学习中，会涉及很多很细小的知识点。很多同学会因为疏忽而常常犯错误，需要提醒的一点是这些细小的英语知识点往往就是中考的考点。所以，我们将初一英语上册所学的基础知识作如下梳理：

一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写

要熟练掌握元音和辅音，5个元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）,字母的正确占格及单词间距。

二、be动词的用法

be动词有三种变形，分别是：am, is, are。记忆口诀：

“我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”；单数全都用is，复数全部都用are。

三、人称及人称代词的不同形式（主格和宾格）

1、三种人称：第一人称（I, we），第二人称（you, you），第三人称（he, she, it, Maria）。

2、人称代词的主格，即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态：I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。

3、人称代词的宾格，即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态：me, us, you, you, him, her, it。

4、形容词性物主代词：my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。

5、名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。

6、反身代词：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。

四、基数词（表示数量多少的词，大致相当于代数里的自然数）

zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句

1、一般疑问句：能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。

2、特殊疑问句：不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。

六、可数名词变复数

可数名词变复数时，有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1、规则变化：

1）一般情况直接在词尾加“-s ”，如：cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等；

2）以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词，要在词尾加“-es ”，如：bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等；

3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加“-es ”，如：baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等；

4）部分以f(e)结尾的词，变f(e)为“ves ”，如：knife-knives, half-halves等；

5）以o结尾的词，加“-s ”或“-es ”，如：zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀：除了“英雄”hero外，凡是能吃的，加“-es ”，不能吃的加“-s ”。

2、不规则变化：

1）改变单数名词中的元音字母：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等； 2）单、复同形：sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等； 3）其他形式：mouse-mice, child-children等。

3、可数名词和不可数名词

A.数的区别：可数名词有单、复数，其复数形式一般是在其后加上-(e)s。不可数名词只有单数形式，而没有复数的变化。

B.量的表达区别：可数名词前可用a(n)及数词来表示其量，也可借助于其它的可数名词，用of介词来表示其量，此时，表示量的可数名词有单、复数变化，表示事物的可数名词本身则必须用复数。不可数名词前则不可用a(n)及数词来表示其量，只可借助于其它可数名词，表示量的可数名词有单、复数的变化，不可数名词没有数的变化。

C.修饰词的差异：可数名词和不可数名词前都可用some, any来修饰，表示“一些”之意，而表示“很多”之意时，可数名词(复数形式)前应用many或a lot of；不可数名词(只可用单数形式)前应用much 或a lot of。询问可数名词的量用how many, 而询问不可数名词的量则应用how much。

七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则

最基本构成：主语+谓语+宾语，其中谓语由动词来充当。主谓一致原则，就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数（简称“三单”）时，谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式；当主语非“三单”时，谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变“三单”的规则如下：

1）一般动词在词尾加“-s ”，如：like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等；

2）以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加“-es ”，如：guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等；

3）以o结尾的动词一般加“-es ”，如：do-does, go-goes等；

4）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加“-而是”，如：fly-flies, carry-carries等；5）have的三单形式是has。

八、冠词的用法（名词前面必须要有冠词）

冠词分为定冠词（the）和不定冠词（a, an）两种。

a(n)为不定冠词，它常用在单数可数名词前,表示不确定的人或事物。a用在以辅音音素开头的词、数字、字母、符号等前；an用在以元音音素开头的词前。the为定冠词，可用在单数可数名词、不可数名词或复数可数名词前表示确定的人或事物。不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是：

不定冠词不是刻意强调“数量”，而基数词则强调“数量”。

九、助动词（do, does）的用法

只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例：

1）当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词，只涉及“主谓一致”原则。eg : I like English a lot.Michael likes Chinese food very much.2）当句子为否定句时，要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词：当主语为“三单”时，要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时，用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句： Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.They like sports.------They don't like sports.3）当句子变疑问句时，同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句：

Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music?

Yes, they do./ No, they don't.十、名词所有格

注意名词所有格的用法。有生命事物名词的所有格应在其后加上's。方法：

A.单数名词在其后直接加's。

B.以-s结尾的复数名词,在其后加上’, 而不可加's。C.以非s结尾的复数名词,需在其后加上's。

D.表示两个或两个以上的人共有某个人或某个事物时,只需将最后一个名词变为所有格,前面的各个名词无需变为所有格。

E.表示两个或两个以上的人分别有某人或某物时,各个名词均需变为所有格形式。注意：表示无生命事物的名词一般应用of介词短语来构成其所有格。例如：

1、Kangkang's books；Tom and Helen's desk;Ann's and Maria's bikes;

2、用of表示“......的”，但要从of后往of前翻译：a book of mine（我的一本书）

3、have与of的区别：

have一般表示“主动拥有”，往往用于有生命的人或动物；无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有”，表示所属关系时要用of。例如：

I have a new bike.She has two big eyes.a door of the house

十一、课本中的知识点

1、Unit 1 ——Unit 2 1）问候语：

Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.How are you?---Just OK, thank you.How are you?---Not bad, thanks.Hi!Hello!

How do you do? 2）道别用语：

Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.（meet用于初次见面，see用于熟人间）Nice to meet/ see you, too.Goodbye.Byebye.Bye.See you(later/ tomorrow/ next time)!So long!Good night!3）介绍人或者物的句型：This is...4）Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别：

Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意，而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。5）词组be from = come from in English

5）当问句中问到this/ that时，回答要用it；问到these/ those时，要用they来回答。例如： What's this in English?----It's an eraser.What are those?----They are books.6）对Thanks.的回答：That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.7）look the same = have the same looks give sth.to sb.= give sb.sth.be like = look like

in the tree/ on the tree（树上结的、长出来的用on，否则用in）in red（穿着红色的衣服）

in the desk（在空间范围之内）in English（用英语）help sb.do sth.8）both与all的区别：

both表示“两者都......”；all表示“三者及以上都......”。

十二、2、Unit 3——Unit 4 1）speak的用法

speak与say不同：speak表示“说”的动作，不表示“说”的内容；say则表示“说”的内容。speak后面除了能接“语言”外，不能直接接东西，后面加了to则表示“对......说”。help sb.with sth.（帮助某人做/补习......）want to do sth.（想要做某事）would like to do sth.not...at all（一点都不）；Not at all.（没关系/别介意）like...a lot = like...very much 2）some和any的区别：

口诀：some用于肯定句，否定、疑问变any。例如： I have some money.I don't have any money.Do you have any money?

3）have a seat = take a seat（请随便坐）4）祈使句（表示命令或请求的句子）

祈使句一般都省略了主语You，所以其否定句直接用Don't开头。例如： Don't go there!5）问职业：

What does sb.do? What is sb.? What's sb.'s job?

6）work与job的区别：

work是未必有报酬的“工作”，例如homework, housework；而job则一定是有报酬的“工作”。7）on指在物体的表面，不论这个面是否水平的，例如： on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground 8）in hospital（住院）；in the hospital（在医院里）look after（照料/照顾/照看）help oneself（请自便/随便吃）

9）表示“建议”的句型：“做某事如何？” What about(doing)sth.?（英式英语）How about(doing)sth.?（美式英语）Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?

10）“吃”一日三餐要用have：have breakfast/ lunch/ supper have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper take one's order be kind to sb.11）try on这个词组可合可分：名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面，但代词只能放在词组的中间。

12）在口语中往往用take表示“买”。13）how many与how much的区别：

how many + 可数名词；how much + 不可数名词

14）What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法； How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。think about（考虑）

Thank you all the same.（即使对方没能帮上忙，也要礼貌道谢）Thanks.= Thank you.（thank作为动词，不能单独使用。）15）one与it的区别：

当上下文说的是同一种类事物时，任意一个可以用one来代替；如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如： Ann ：I have a yellow bag.Jane ：I have a green one.Tom ： Hey, Mike.Where is your bike? Mike ： Look, it's over there.16）倒装句 Here you are.Here it is.17）be free（有空/免费）

forget to do sth.（忘了去做某事）forget doing sth.（忘了做过某事）

What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...? 18）go + v.-ing结构的含义：为了实现某目的才去的。例如： go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等

19）have to do sth.（非主观因素，强调客观因素，“不得不去做某事”）must 则表示主观愿望 20）fly a kite = fly kites be free = have time 21）时间的表述

当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时，用“分钟”past“小时”。例如： 8：23——twenty-three past eight

当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时，用“剩余的时间”to“下一个整点”。例如： 8：49——eleven to nine

当然，还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间，例如： 8：23——eight twenty-three;8:49——eight forty-nine

整点则在数词后加“-o'clock”，例如：8：00——eight o'clock 在钟点前介词要用at.22）句型“该干某事了。”：It's time to do sth.= It's time for sth.例如：该吃午饭了.It's time to have lunch.= It's time for lunch.23）注意同义词或形近词的辨析

a, an和one;no和not;excuse me和sorry;it's和its;who和what;look like和look the same;let's和let us;good, nice;fine, well和all right;look和look at;see和watch;and和or;family, house和home;with和and;what, which和who;one和it;whose和who's;put on, wear和in;other和else;say, speak, talk和tell;get和get to等。24）反义词、同义词、同音词 反义词/对应词

yes-no morning-afternoon on-under plus-minus student-teacher open-close this-that new-old young-old these-those same-different black-white woman-man sit down-stand up light-dark boy-girl down-up light-heavy here-there after-before short-tall father-mother go-come right-wrong brother-sister ask-answer big-small child-parent take-bring aunt-uncle husband-wife dad-mum son-daughter

同音词

two-too-to his-he’s our-hour are-r there-their why-y no-know where-wear

同义词/近义词

be in=at home mr-mister hi-hello look-see fine-well desk-table 初一英语易错点总结

[第一类] 名词类

1.这些女老师们在干什么?

[误] What are the woman teachers doing?

[正] What are the women teachers doing?

[析] 在英语中，当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时，作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man，woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时，要用其复数形式men，women.2.房间里有多少人?

[误] How many peoples are there in the room?

[正] How many people are there in the room?

[析] people作“人、人们”解时，是个集合名词，其单复数同形。

3.我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。

[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.[析] 表示不可数名词的数量时，常用“a / an或数词 +表量的可数名词 + of + 不可数名词”这一结构，其中当数词大于1时，表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。

[第二类] 动词类

4.你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?

[误] What time does your sister usually goes to school?

[正] What time does your sister usually go to school?

[析] 借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时，句中的谓语动词用其原形。

5.琳达晚上经常做作业，但今晚她在看电视。

[误] Linda often do her homework in the evening，but this evening she watching TV.[正] Linda often does her homework in the evening，but this evening she is watching TV.[析] 在初一英语学习阶段，我们接触到了两种主要时态：一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常和often，usually，sometimes 等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中，若主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ ving形式构成。

这双鞋是红色的。

[误] This pair of shoes are red.[正] This pair of shoes is red.[析] 在shoes，trousers，gloves，glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时，谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。[第三类] 代词类

7.这张票是她的，不是我的。

[误] This is hers ticket.It’s not my.[正] This is her ticket.It’s not mine.[析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词，而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。

8.吴老师教我们英语。

[误] Miss Wu teaches our English.[正] Miss Wu teaches us English.[析] teach sb.sth.中的sb.作teach的宾语，因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。[第四类] 介词类

9.你能找到这个问题的答案吗?

[误] Can you find the answer of this question?

[正] Can you find the answer to this question?

[析] 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door，the way to the zoo等。

10.格林先生星期六上午来这里。

[误] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.[正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.[析] 表示在上午、下午等时，介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时，介词要用on.11.那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。

[误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.[正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.[析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时，只能用in，其他介词没有此用法。

[第五类] 副词类

12.莉莉，你为什么不回家呢?

[误] Lily，why don’t you go to home?

[正] Lily，why don’t you go home?

[析] come，go 等后接here，there，home等地点副词时，地点副词前不加to。

[第六类] 连词类

13.我喜欢语文和英语，但我不喜欢体育和历史。

[误] I like Chinese and English，but I don’t like P.E.and history.[正] I like Chinese and English，but I don’t like P.E.or history.[析] 在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接;而在否定句中，并列成分之间的连接需用or。

[第七类] 冠词类

14.乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。

[误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.[正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.[析] 1.表示“……一家人”用结构“the + 姓氏复数”;

2.our 一词的第一个字母不发音，它是以元音音素开头的，所以“一小时”要用 an hour;

3.用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时，交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。

[第八类] 句法类

15.――你不是学生吗? ――不，我是学生。

[误] ――Aren’t you a student? ――No，I am.[正] ――Aren’t you a student? ――Yes，I am.[析] 对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No，这取决于实际情况：如果事实是肯定的，就用Yes表“不”;如果事实是否定的，就用No表“是的”。

第五篇：初一英语学习知识点总结

初一英语学习知识点总结

一、初一英语语法——词法

1、名词

A）名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：

一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes，三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如：baby-babies,2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员

九）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡

十）特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B）名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：

一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’;Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节

2、代词

项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词 人称主格宾格形容词名词性

第一人称单数 I

me

my mine

myself

复数 we

us

our ours

ourselves

第二人称单数you

youyour yours

yourself

复数you

youyour yours

yourselves

第三人称单数 she

her

her

hers

herself

He

him

his

his

himself itit itsits this that

itself

复数

they them their theirs these those themselves

3、动词

A）第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：

一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes

三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes 五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has B）现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下： 一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

4、形容词的级

我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下： 一）一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如： greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest

二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三）以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/well– better-best many/much-more-most bad/ill – worse worst little-less-least

old-older/elder-oldest/eldest

far-farther/further-farthest/furthest

5、数词(基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。)

first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

二、初一英语语法——句式 1.陈述句肯定陈述句

a)This is a book.(be动词)b)He looks very young.(连系动词)c)I want a sweat like this.(实义动词)

d)I can bring some things to school.(情态动词)

e)There’s a computer on my desk.(There be结构)

否定陈述句

a)These aren’t their books.b)They don’t look nice.c)Kate doesn’t go to No.4 Middle School.d)Kate can’t find her doll.e)There isn’t a cat here.(=There’s no cat here.)2.祈使句 肯定祈使句

a)Please go and ask the man.b)Let’s learn English!c)Come in, please.否定祈使句

a)Don’t be late.b)Don’t hurry.3.疑问句

1)一般疑问句 a)Is Jim a student? b)Can I help you?

c)Does she like salad?

d)Do they watch TV? e)Is she reading?

肯定回答: a)Yes, he is.b)Yes, you can.c)Yes, she does.d)Yes, they do.e)Yes, she is.否定回答:

a)No, he isn’t.b)No, you can’t.c)No, she doesn’t.d)No, they don’t.e)No, she isn’t.三、初一英语语法——时态

1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有： Be 动词：She’s a worker.Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.情态动词：I can play the piano.Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes.Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch.Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为 sb be v-ingsth + 其它.I’m playing baseball.Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter.Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.四、初一英语语法——介词用法： 1)具体时间前介词用at。

He gets up at half past seven every day.他每天七点半起床。She goes to bed at eleven o’clock.她十一点睡觉。

2)表示“在早上，在下午，在晚上”的短语中用介词in，且定冠词the不能省略； 表示“在中午，在夜里”的短语中介词用at，不加冠词。in the morning在早上，in the afternoon 在下午，in the evening 在晚上 at noon在中午，at night在夜里 3)表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短语用介词on。

What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么？

Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗？ He watches DVDs on Saturday night.星期六晚上他看DVD。4)在this, last, next, every等词前面既不加介词，也不用冠词。What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么？

He visits his grandma every Friday.他每个星期五都去看望祖母。She is going to Shanghai next Monday.她下个星期一去上海。