第一篇：21世纪大学英语第四册一到四单元B篇单词缩略版
21世纪大学英语1—4单元B篇单词缩略版
Unit 1
Ambivalent有矛盾感情的 Eloquent有说服力的 Simplifier简单明了者 toil苦工 war-weary厌战的 straightforward诚实坦率的 polio小儿麻痹症 cerebral大脑的理智型的 project生动的表现 chumsiness笨拙 philosopher哲学家 purposeful坚定有决心的 hearty衷心的纵情的 belly肚子 affability慈祥 convey表达 attainable可达到的 dignify使有尊严 dignity尊贵 rhetoric修辞学 pearl harbor珍珠港 rally重新集合 humiliate蒙耻 scandal丑闻 stir激励 console安慰慰问 stubborn顽强的固执的 divine上帝的 madness疯狂 coherent易懂的清楚地 analysis分析
Unit2
Drama戏剧 erroneous错误的 effortlessly不费力的 virtue美德 distinction对比 presume假定 genuinely真正的 irreconcilable不可调和的 reconcile使和解 etiquette礼仪 antipathy反感 accordance和谐 ethical道德的 fiction谎言小说 convention惯例 obligatory强制性的 convenience惯例 unavailable不可会见的 intrude入侵打扰 correspondent记者 blunt钝的直率的 literalness由衷之言 indignant义愤的 alternative供选择的东西 literal如实的standardization标准化 chaotic混乱的 tinterpret解释 naked裸露的 mores民德 acquaint使了解 frail虚弱的 intentionally故意的horrid可怕的 violation侵犯违反 absolve解除 resort凭借 tacitly心照不宣的 adaptation适应 atomic原子的 improvise即兴创作
Unit3
Cunning 狡猾的 pebble卵石 reluctant勉强的 stoop弯腰 fright惊吓 logical analysis逻辑分析 advantageous有利的 recommend建议 strive奋力 incomparable无与伦比的 squarely成方形 illustrate插图说明 scatter撒 loosely松散地 emerge出现产生
Unit4
Upgrade提高改善 superintendent监管人 ivory象牙 supposedly据认为 legitimately合法的正当的 sabotage破坏 podium讲台 officially正式的 blizzard暴风雪 hurricane飓风 howl吼叫 monolog独白 diagram图表 molecule分子 enumerate列举 clause条款分句 oblivious健忘的 stifle扼杀使窒息哈欠 dispense分发 formality礼节俗套 fledgling无经验的 impersonality没人情味 precise恰好的 hasty急速的 contagion接触传染 morality道德 intervene干预 democratic民主的 guise伪装 dictator独裁者 approval赞成嘉许 guarantee保证 imparter传授者 syllabus教学大纲 interpersonal人际的 dynamics活力 digression题外话 marital婚姻的 informality不拘礼节imagination富于想象力的 exposure暴露接触
第二篇：新视野大学英语第四册unit5单词翻译总结
英语Unit 5 总结
Word and Phrase solitary a.tending to spend a lot of time alone 独自的；喜欢独处的 e.g.A solitary tree remained standing after the hurricane.飓风过后，惟有一棵树孤独地挺立在那儿。
tame vt.make sb.or sth.easy to control 驯服；控制
e.g.Atomic energy has been tamed and harnessed for useful work.原子能已被控制并得到实际应用。
a.(esp.of animals)not afraid of people, and used to living with them（尤指动物）温顺的，驯化的
e.g.The birds in the park are quite tame and will take food from your hand.公园的鸟很温顺，它们会吃你亲手喂给它们的食物。
pond
n.[C] a small still body of water formed naturally or created artificially 池塘
She has a pond at the bottom of her garden.她在花园深处有个池塘。inspiration n.[C, U] a sudden good idea about what to do or say 灵感
e.g.Wordsworth found(his)inspiration in the Lake District.华兹华斯从湖区获得灵感。solitude n.[U] the situation of being alone 独居，孤独
e.g.People need a chance to reflect on spiritual matters in solitude.人们需要独处的机会来反思精神上的事情。
commodity n.1.[C] sth.that is useful or necessary 有用的东西；必需品
e.g.If you're going into teaching, energy is a necessary commodity.如果你打算从事教学，精力充沛是个必要的素质。
2.[C] a substance or product that can be bought or sold 商品，货物
e.g.The country's most valuable commodities include tin and diamonds.这国家最有价值的商品包括锡和钻石。
sunlight n.[U] the light that comes from the sun 阳光，日光
e.g.The early morning sunlight shone through the curtains.清晨的阳光透过窗帘照了进来。benign n.[C] a soft bag to make a seat more comfortable 坐垫；垫子 e.g.She has a benign nature.她天性温和。
cushion n.[C] a soft bag to make a seat more comfortable 坐垫；垫子
e.g.She bought more fabric in the same design so she could make matching curtains and cushions.她买了更多同样图案的布，这样可以做搭配的窗帘和靠垫。creep vi.move slowly and quietly 潜行；蹑手蹑脚地移动
e.g.She turned off the light and crept through the door.她关了灯，蹑手蹑脚地走过了门。poetry n.[U] poems in general 诗，诗歌
e.g.She has just published a collection of poetry.她刚出版了一本诗集。dictate v.1.say sth.for sb.else to write down 口授；口述
e.g.She spent the morning dictating letters to her secretary.她花了一上午向她的秘书口述信件。
2.tell sb.exactly what to do or how to behave 命令；指使
e.g.The media cannot be allowed to dictate to the government.不能容认媒体向政府发号施令。kettle n.[C] a container with a lid, handle and a spout used for boiling water 水壶 priest n.1.[C](high ~)a person who is famous for being the best at sth.代表人物 e.g.He is regarded as the high priest of modern jazz.他被视为现代爵士音乐的泰斗。
2.[C] 神父；牧师
e.g.The old priest tried to put them off, saying that the hour was late.那位老牧师试图把他们搪塞过去，说时候不早了。
reliance n.[C] [U] the state of depending on a particular person or thing 依靠，依赖 e.g.The region's reliance on tourism is unwise.这个地区对旅游业的依赖是不明智的。
self-reliance n.[U] the state of doing or deciding things by oneself rather than depending on others 自立；自力更生
e.g.The Prime Minister called for more economic self-reliance.首相号召更大程度上的经济自力更生。
hut n.[C] a small, simple building 小屋
e.g.The workmen put up a hut where they could have their food.工人们搭了一间小屋，可以在里面吃饭。
axe n.(AmE ax)[C] a tool with a handle and a metal blade used for cutting down trees or cutting wood into pieces 斧子
e.g.He used an axe to chop the old apple tree down.他用斧子砍倒了老苹果树。saucer n.[C] a small curved plate on which one puts a cup 茶托，茶碟
e.g.John put his cup and saucer on the coffee table.约翰把带茶托的茶杯放在咖啡桌上。laundry n.1.[U] the clothes and sheets which need to be or have just been washed 待洗或刚洗好的衣物
e.g.When shall we do the laundry? 我们什么时候洗衣服？
2.[C] a place where clothes, sheets, etc.are washed 洗衣店 e.g.He worked in a laundry in the small town.他在这小城的一家洗衣店干活。companionable a.friendly and pleasant to be with 友善的，友好的
e.g.He seldom spoke, but he was never impatient with her, always kind, a companionable father figure.他很少说话，可是他从来没有对她不耐烦过，总是很善良，是一个友善的父亲型的人。
ego n.1.[C] the part of the mind that is responsible for your sense of who you are 自我 e.g.Unconditional surrender was more than his fragile ego could bear.无条件投降不是他脆弱的自我所能承受得了的。
2.[C] your sense of your own value and importance 自我价值感
e.g.That man has got such an enormous ego—I've never known anyone so full of himself.那个人非常自负，我从来没有见过那么以自我为中心的人。
humble a.1.having a modest opinion of oneself 谦逊的，谦虚的
e.g.Many famous people are surprisingly humble.许多名人出人意料地谦虚。
2.having a low social class or position 地位或身份低下的 e.g.I do quite a humble job at the hospital.我在医院从事很普通的工作。
inadequate a.not enough or not good enough for a particular purpose 不充分的；不足的 e.g.The system is inadequate for the tasks it has to perform.这个系统要完成它的任务还不够完善。
plural a.of a word or form which expresses more than one 复数的
e.g.Most plural nouns in English end in “s”.英语中大多数复数名词以“s”结尾。
n.[C] a word or form that shows you are talking about more than one thing, person, etc.复数（形式）
e.g.“Data” is the Latin plural form of “datum”.“Data”是拉丁语中“datum”的复数形式。
apology n.[C] a word or statement to say you are sorry for having done sth.wrong or for upsetting sb.道歉
e.g.I made no apology for what I said—it was a fair comment.我不打算为自己说的话道歉──我的评论是公正的。
soak vi.spend a long time taking a bath 长时间泡浴 e.g.Soak in a warm bath to relax.泡个热水澡放松。
v.make sth.very wet or become very wet 使湿透；浸湿
e.g.A sudden shower of rain soaked the spectators.突如其来的一阵雨把观众淋了个透。pint n.[C] 品脱（液量单位）
e.g.The military requested 6,000 pints of blood from the American Red Cross.部队向美国红十字会要求6000品脱血。
waterproof a.not allowing water to go through 防水的，不透水的
e.g.You'll need something waterproof on top of that sweater if you're going walking in the hills.如果你要在山间行走的话，你需要在那件毛衣外面套件防水的衣服。
slippery a.difficult to hold or to stand on, drive on, etc.because it is smooth, wet or polished 滑的
e.g.The roads are slippery after rain.雨后道路很滑。
observation n.1.[C] a spoken or written remark about sth.you have noticed 评论
e.g I wish to make a few general observations about your work so far.对你们到目前为止的工作我想说一说总的看法。
2.[C, U] the process of watching sb.or sth.carefully for a period of time 观察；注意 e.g.During our observation of the rats, we made several new discoveries.我们在对老鼠的观察中有了几项新发现。
choke v.1.become unable to speak because of a strong emotion 说不出话来
e.g.The surprise farewell party left them all choked up.这一意外的告别聚会令他们激动得说不出话来。
2.be unable to breathe properly, or be made unable to breathe properly（使）窒息；（使）呼吸困难
e.g.The smoke almost choked the fireman.消防队员几乎被烟熏得透不过气来。
parcel n.[C] an object or collection of objects wrapped in paper, etc.so that they can be sent by post 包裹
e.g.Because it was her birthday she got several parcels and lots of cards.因为过生日，她收到几个包裹和好多贺卡。parrot n.[C] 鹦鹉
e.g.If you have not kept a pet parrot before, it would be wise to purchase a handbook on the subject.如果你以前没养过宠物鹦鹉，最好买一本关于这方面主题的小册子。sportsman n.[C] sb.who plays sport, esp.one who is good at it 运动员
e.g.He'll be remembered as a true sportsman.人们将把他作为一名真正的运动员牢记在心中。skate vi.move, dance, etc.on skates 溜冰，滑冰
e.g.The ice on the river is thick enough to skate on.河上的冰足够厚，可以在上面滑冰。skater n.[C] a person who skates 溜冰者，滑冰者
e.g.There are lots of skaters in the park today.今天公园里有许多滑冰者。self-centered a.only interested in oneself and one's own activities 自我为中心的，自私的 e.g.Robert is a self-centered, ambitious and bigoted man.罗伯特自私、有野心，并且顽固。seal vt.(also seal up)close a container or space by covering it with sth.封；密封 e.g.The windows have been sealed up for years.这些窗户都已经密封了许多年了。on purpose
not by accident;deliberately 故意，特意
e.g.She did it on purpose, of course.她当然是故意那样做的。
cast out
make sb.leave a place, or refuse to accept sb.as part of a group 赶走，驱逐 e.g.He claimed to have the power to cast out demons.他声称有能力驱鬼。
speak highly of
express a good opinion of sb.or sth.对...给予高度评价；赞扬 e.g.They spoke highly of his behavior.他们对他的行为赞颂备至。
seek out
find sb.or sth.by looking for them in a determined way 找到；找出
e.g.He managed to seek out his friend in the crowd.他设法在人群中找出了自己的朋友。set forth
start a journey 出发，动身
e.g.Columbus set forth with three small ships.哥伦布率领三只小船出发了。stretch out 1.lengthen sth.by pulling 拉长，伸长
e.g.She stretched out the rubber band to one meter long.她把橡皮筋拉长到了1米。
2.lie down, usu.in order to relax or sleep 躺平；舒展
e.g.Just stretch out and relax on the bed while I cook dinner.我去做晚餐, 你在床上，好好休息。back up
1.(cause to)block up（使）积压；（使）拥塞
e.g.The correspondence has been backing up for several days.待处理的信件已积压了好几天。
2.support sb., esp.in an argument 支持
e.g.Harry will back me up wholeheartedly as he used to.哈里会像过去一样全心全意地支持我。
at length 1.for a long time and in great detail 长久地；详尽地
e.g.He talked at length about his work and family.他详细地谈了他的工作和家庭。
2.after a long time 最终，终于
e.g.“I don't agree,” she said at length.她最终才说：“我不同意。”
in line in a row of people standing one behind the other while waiting for sth.（排）成一行，（排）成一队
e.g.You are not in line with the others.你没有和别人排成一行。
settle down become quiet and calm or make sb.do this（使）安定下来 e.g.He settled down to do his homework.他安下心来做家庭作业。
for the time being for a short period of time from now, but not permanently 暂时，眼下 e.g.All is well, for the time being.眼下一切顺利。
might as well used to suggest that sb.should do sth.because there is no good reason to do anything else 只好；还是...为好
e.g.I might as well go.我最好还是去。
Translation 1.已是午夜了，再等公共汽车也没用，我们还不如步行呢。（it is no good doing, might as well do）
It is no good waiting for the bus at this time since it is already midnight.We might just as well walk.2.乔治絮絮叨叨讲述的是他患的各种疾病。（it is that„,go on, at great length）
It was his various illnesses that George went on at great length about.3.学习上你付出的努力越少，最终就越有可能考试不及格。（the less„the more, end up doing）
The less effort you made in your study, the more likely it is that you will end up failing the exam.4.他被发现考试作弊，这就是他感到如此尴尬的原因。（cheat on an exam, be embarrassed）
He was found to be cheating on an exam, which was why he felt so embarrassed.5.他大老远的来我家不是来看我，而是为了寻求我的帮助（not for„but because, seek„from）
He came a long way to my house, not for a visit, but because he was anxious to seek help from me.6.她不敢回家，肯定又被她丈夫打了。（be afraid to, slap„around, must have done）
She is afraid to go home.She must have been slapped around by her husband again.7.她没接父母的电话，她真希望自己当时是呆在家里的，而不是去了超市。（wish, rather than）
She missed the call from her parents, and she wished that she had stayed at home rather than gone to the supermarket.8.她总是远离他人，而另一方面，她又需要人喜欢他，这很明显是由于她的孤独。（keep away from, on the other hand, spring from）
She always keeps away from others, and on the other hand, she needs to be liked, which obviously springs from her loneliness.9.他们失败的主要原因在于他们不断在枝节问题上纠缠不休。（the main point of „is that, keep doing, argue over）
The main point of their failure is that they kept arguing over minor points.10.毫无疑问，环境污染将会导致森林消失。（no doubt about it, result in doing）
No doubt about it, environment pollution will result in the forests disappearing.1.One of the characteristics that distinguish the male bird and the female bird is that the former has beautiful feathers.雄鸟与雌鸟相区别的特征之一是雄鸟有一身漂亮的羽毛。
2.The identical twin brothers are totally different: John is a self-centered person, while Mike is easy-going and helpful.这对孪生兄弟完全不同：约翰以自我为中心，而迈克却很随和而且乐于助人。3.He allowed his assistants to work at their own rate as they pleased.他允许他的助手们任意按照自己的进度工作。
4.You may have doubted whether solitude can be passed from one person to another.你可能怀疑过孤独是否可以从一个人传给另一个人。
5.The wealth and honor of a man are usually spoken of as his” credit”.一个人的财富和荣誉通常被说成是他的“信誉“。
6.When she didn’t answer the telephone, I resorted to standing outside her window and calling up to her.当她不接电话时，我只好站在她的窗外喊她。
7.He made a journey of seven hundred miles on purpose to get a glimpse of Niagara Falls.他跋涉700英里，只为看一眼尼亚加拉瀑布。
8.Martin decided to leave the company to strike out on his own as a writer.马丁决定离开这家公司去当作家，独闯新路。
9.While seeing me stepping into the room, she ran towards me, stretching out her two little arms, and embraced me tightly.一看见我走进房间，她就跑过来，伸出两只小手紧紧地拥抱我。
10.I would rather stay than otherwise for I must settle down this morning and finish the term paper.我宁愿留下来而不愿意做别的，因为我今天上午必须安下心来完成学期论文。
1.这位小个子男子并不如他看上去那么单纯。
This little man is not so innocent as he appears.2.对这个问题我已束手无策了，所以你不妨去求助于王教授。
There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for help.3.双方高度评价了在不同领域合作取得的成果，并希望合作进一步加深。
Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that the cooperation can be furthered.4.一方面，亲民形象能使新政策更易于被民众接受，另一方面，他也能“广直言之路，启进善之门”
On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily accepted.On the other hand, it will “encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructive suggestions”.5.他孤独的感觉时起时落，他有时会对自己、对宠物、对电视机唠叨不休。
His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his pets and the television.6.毕竟，金钱不是万能的，最富有的人不一定是最幸福的。
After all, money is not everything.The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.1.The new mechanism is not so effective as they had expected, for months passed and there has been no big improvement in management efficiency.新的机制并不像他们预期的那样有效，因为数月过去了，但管理效率并没有明显改进。2.I don’t want to scare you unnecessarily, but you might as well face facts and look at a few numbers.我不想不必要地吓唬你，可你最好还是面对事实，看看一些数字吧。
3.Loneliness is marked by a sense of isolation.Solitude, on the other hand, is a state of being alone without being lonely and can lead to self-awareness.孤独的特点是一种与世隔绝感，而独居则是独自一人却不感到寂寞的状态，它能引发自我意识。
4.Loneliness is a negative state.One feels that something is missing.It is possible to be with people and still feel lonely——perhaps the bitterest form of loneliness.孤独是一种消极的状态，你会感到失去了某种东西。你可能与别人在一起仍然感到孤独—这也许是孤独最痛苦的形式。
5.Solitude is a positive state of engagement with oneself.Solitude is desirable, a state of being alone where you provide yourself wonderful and sufficient company.独居是一种与自我相约的积极的状态。独居是值得向往的，是独自一人、享受自我愉快而又充实的陪伴的一种状态。
6.Thoreau says that loneliness can occur even amid companions if one’s heart is not open to them.梭罗说，一个人即使身处同伴之中，如果不对他们敞开心扉，仍会感到孤独。
第三篇：21世纪大学英语第四册第二单元课文翻译
A我们需要的感激A ?J ?克罗宁一个晴朗的下午，我在纽约上了一辆出租车。从司机的表情和他猛拉排挡的样子中，我可以看出他很不高兴。我问他是怎么回事。“我完全有理由生气，”他怒气冲冲地说。“今天上午我的一个乘客把钱包忘在我车里了。里面有近300块钱。我花了一个多小时想方设法找那个家伙。最后我在他的宾馆里找到了他。他拿了钱包，一声不吭地瞪着眼看着我，好像我本来打算要偷他的钱包似的。”“他没有给你酬金？”我大声问。“一个子儿也没有。但我要的不是钱„„”他咕哝着，然后突然大声说，“只要那个家伙说句什么„„”因为他诚实的助人行为没有得到感激，那位出租车司机一整天都闷闷不乐，而且我知道以后他在做类似的好事之前会仔细考虑一下了。这种对感激的需要是我们都能感受到的，而拒绝表示感谢则会大大扼杀善良与合作的精神。第二次世界大战期间，辛辛那提的一位母亲收到他参军的儿子一封来信，信中提到诺曼底一个村庄中的一位妇女在他受伤饥饿时将他带到家中，帮他躲过了德国人的搜捕。不幸的是，后来那男孩在阿登高地的进攻战中阵亡了。然而，这位母亲却受到一种不可抗拒的愿望的驱使。她积蓄了两年，穿过大西洋，找到了她儿子提到的那个村庄。经过多次打听之后，她找到了那位曾经保护过她儿子的妇女——一位贫穷农夫的妻子——将一个包裹硬塞进她手里。那是她儿子在毕业典礼上获得的一块金表，是那个男孩曾经拥有过的唯一真正有价值的东西。这位母亲表示感激的举动深深触动了人们的心灵，在那个村庄内外成为传奇般的故事。它比出色的演讲更能让人培养起对美国人的好感。感激是对每一个无论大小的善行
优雅地接受并表示欣赏的艺术。我们大多数人受到款待，接受礼物和明显的好处时都不会忘记表示我们的愉悦之情，但即使在这种情况下我们也还能够完善我们表示感激的方式，让它尽可能的个人化和真诚。最近，我和妻子在意大利南部旅游时，我给康涅狄格州的一位朋友寄去了几瓶令我们喜欢的当地佳酿。那是件小小的礼物，然而令我们惊讶的是，我们收到的不是一封传统的感谢信而是一张电唱机唱片。我们播放它时，听到了我们的朋友在饭后的一段话，描述他和他的客人们如何喜欢那酒，并感谢我们考虑得周到。有这件不同寻常的东西来证明别人欣赏我们的礼物真令人愉快。有时感激不仅仅是一件个人的事。我在麦吉尔大学学医的儿子告诉我，有一位被送到蒙特利尔医院的病人经过输血而获救。康复以后他问：“我是否能找到那位献血者的名字，向他表示感谢？”他被告知献血者的名字是从来不公开的。出院几个星期后他回来献了一品脱血。从那以后他一次又一次地为了同一目的回来。当一名外科医生称赞这种不留姓名的高尚行为时，他只是回答说：“有个我永远也不知道是谁的人为我这样做了。我只是在说‘谢谢’。”感激不仅可以是一种转瞬即逝的情绪，在有些情况下还可以是一种能持续终生的更新，想到这一点真令人感到欣慰。丈夫充满感激地回想起妻子慷慨无私的行为，妻子从不忘记丈夫送给她的礼物，这些都大大有助于使家庭生活保持和谐。英国作家和博物学家W?H?赫德森曾经写道：“一天晚上，我带一个朋友回家同我们一起吃了顿家常便饭。后来他对我说：‘你真幸运，你的妻子虽然身体不好还要照顾孩子，但菜烧得那么好吃。’那句赞美的话打开
了我的眼睛，它教会我要感谢妻子日复一日的、而一直被我习以为常的英雄行为。”感激的礼仪首先应该在小事情上用得最多。送报的男孩、送牛奶的人、邮递员、理发师、饭店里的女招待、开电梯的人——所有这些人都在以某种方式为我们服务。通过表示感谢我们可以使日常平淡的关系具有人情味，使单调的任务变得令人愉快。我的一位在伦敦当公共汽车售票员的病人有一次对我吐露说，“有时我真厌倦了我的工作。人们抱怨，麻烦你，说车钱找得不对。但是有一位早晚乘我车的女士总是在我收她的车票时用一种特别友好的方式感谢我。我真希望她是代表所有的乘客在说话。这使我一直保持微笑。”阿诺德?本涅特的一个出版商夸奖自己的秘书效率特高。一天，本涅特对她说：“你的老板说你效率极高。你的秘诀是什么？”“那不是我的秘诀，”秘书回答。“那是他的。”每次她为他做一件事，无论多小的事，他从未忘记表示感谢。因此，她工作一直非常努力。有些人不愿表达感激之情，因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。我的一个病人在出院几个星期后回到医院来感谢他的护士。“我没有更早地回来，”他解释说，“是因为我猜想你们对于人们的感激一定厌烦得要命。”“正好相反，”她回答说，“我很高兴你来。很少有人意识到我们多么需要鼓励，我们从那些鼓励我们的人身上获得了多大的帮助。”我们所给予的感激永远不会过多。因为我们身边的人在构筑他们的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些微笑、我们所表示的感谢和我们表示欣赏的各种小小的示意动作。
B礼仪为什么是重要的朱迪思?马丁 朱迪思?马丁(生于1938年)是
《华盛顿邮报》的戏剧和电影评论家，她撰写的联合特写专栏“礼仪小姐”通过稿件辛迪加在国际上多家报纸同时发表。她在哈佛大学的一次演讲中阐述了她在《普通礼节》一书中的观点，现转载如下。如今的美国人错误地认为只要具有个人美德就会毫不费力地、自然地产生可接受的社会行为。道德和礼节之间的区别已变得模糊了。大多数人以为，你只需要有一副好心肠，其余的事情便不用你费心了。你不必写感谢信。这种对于人际关系的“自然的”态度认定：熟知任何一个人就是爱他，人类唯一的问题只是沟通问题。这既否认了人们可能被基本的、的确不可调和的差异——哲学的、政治的或者宗教的差异——所分隔，也假定了所有这样的差异仅是误解而已。许多形式的礼节恰恰是用来掩盖那些由不可调和的分歧所造成的厌恶之情的。只要礼仪应当完全符合道德的想法存在，用来润滑普通生活的应酬话或惯例就会产生道德问题。过去人们讲究义务性的正式拜访，那个时候，“夫人不在家”的意思显然就是“夫人不想见你，就像你并不想见她一样，不过她注意到你已经尽职了。”如今，我们从来不给自己暂时被别人联系不上的便利，甚至对陌生人也不例外。有了电话和BP机，人们使得自己能随时被任何人所立即接通，而被认为无礼的并不是打电话干扰别人的人，而是不肯听电话的人。我收到许多记者的来信，他们认为只有直言不讳才是诚实。他们感到气愤，因为问他们“你好吗？”的人们并不真正想听他们说肚子不舒服。在写信给那些他们并不想结交的人时，他们要求不以“你的忠实的”来签署信件。让人有点讨厌的是，在说“早上好”之前得看一下天气预报。那
些提倡实话实说的人在回答“我看上去好吗？”之类漫不经心的问题时会说实话，这也等于要求给粗野无礼以特别许可。礼仪标准化的缺乏导致了一个经常是愤怒与混乱的社会，在那儿每个人都赤裸着他的道德观，每一个细小的行为都被视作是一种道德观的显露。今天，每个人都声称不仅有权设计自己的礼节，而且有权在别人不遵守这些礼节时发火，即使他并没有费心让别人了解过他的喜好。事实上，现在比任何时候更容易在无意中伤人。一位绅士为一位女士开门，因为他的母亲告诉他女士们喜欢这样的礼节，但是这位女士却转过身来，对他现出一面蔑视的样子，因为他侮辱了她作为女性的人格。一个年轻女子在一辆拥挤的公共汽车上给一位身体虚弱的年长男士让座，而他厌恶地瞪了她一眼，因为她损伤了他作为男子的尊严。注意，这些人只是想表示友好；唯一的问题是他们在遵循不同的礼节体系而已。奇怪的是，现在比任何时候更难故意伤人。如果你说，“你面目可憎，我恨你，”那人可能会回答，“你正在气头上 ；我会等你感觉好一些。”解释自己的动机能够为所有的过失开脱，这种观念也许在一个凌辱肆虐的世界里十分重要，在那儿，万能的理由，“我心情不好”，赦免了一个人所有的义务或责任。有人认为，人们无需借助全社会默认的一种人为规范就可以“自然地”为人处事。这种想法就像认为人们可以用一种没有被普遍认可的语法规则的语言来交际的想法一样愚蠢。如同语言一样，礼仪的准则可以被运用得或娴熟或拙劣，其目的可以是崇高的或邪恶的，其表达的观念和感情可以多种多样。如同语言一样，礼仪不停地经历着缓慢的变化和适应过程，但这些变化必须是全
球性的，而不是细微局部的。因为如果人人都即兴创造自己的礼仪，那谁也不会理解另一个人行为的含义，结果就会造成社会的混乱和文明的终结。
第四篇：新视野大学英语第二版第四册第二单元教案范文
Unit 2 Section A Charlie Chaplin
1.Pre-reading
1.1 Background information
Charles Spencer Chaplin Charles Spencer Chaplin was born on 16th April 1889 in Walworth, London, and lived a Dickensian childhood, shared with his brother, Sydney, that included extreme poverty, workhouses and seeing his mother’s mental decline put her into an institution.Both his parents, though separated when he was very young, were music hall artists, his father quite famously so.But it was his mother that Charlie idolised and was inspired by during his visit of the backstage while she performed, to take up such a career for himself.Charles Dickens Charles Dickens, 1812―1870, an English novelist, considered by many to be the greatest one of all.His many famous books describe life in Victorian England and show how hard it was, especially for the poor and for the children.They include The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Great Expectations and A Tale of Two Cities.Hollywood
Hollywood is an area of Los Angeles which is known as the center of the American film industry.In terms of geography, Hollywood refers to an area consisting of the City of West Hollywood and its vicinity that form part of the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area.It is generally thought that everyone living in Hollywood is extremely rich, famous, and concerned with appearances but in fact many parts of Hollywood today are poor, dirty and badly cared for.Mack Sennett Mack Sennett:(1880―1960)U.S.film producer, born in Richmond, Quebec.He worked in the theatre as a comic in burlesque companies, and from 1908 in silent films.He later formed his own company and hundreds of shorts, establishing a whole generation of players and a tradition of knockabout slapstick under the name of Keystone Komics(1912), and later the Sennett Bathing Beauties(1920).He received a Special Academy Award in 1937.1.2 Topic-related video
1.3 Topic-related discussion 2.While-reading
2.1 Global reading
2.1.1 Understand the major details of the text
1)What do you learn about Charlie Chaplin from the first paragraph of the passage?
He lived a poor and miserable life during his childhood.2)What do you know about the film Modern Times from the fourth paragraph of the passage?
It was the first movie in which Charlie Chaplin used his voice for the characters.3)What happened to Charlie Chaplin after his death?
His body was stolen by thieves and held for money.2.1.2 Understand organization of the text
1)Main idea of the text
The world’s most famous comic, Charlie Chaplin, had a miserable childhood.However, after he moved to America, he gradually became famous.His excellent performance has brought laughter to people all over the world.2)Text structure analysis
Part One(Para.1-2): Introduction of Charlie Chaplin
Charlie Chaplin was born into a poor family but created comic characters of lasting fame.He won more reputation in many other countries than in the land of his birth.Part Two(Para.3-6): Charlie Chaplin’s professional success
This part is about Charlie Chaplin’s success with his Tramp, sound movies and his secrets of great comedy.Part Three(Para.7-8): Charlie Chaplin’s emotional life
This part is about Charlie Chaplin’s emotional collision and his stable happiness in his later years.Part Four(Para.9): Charlie Chaplin’s death A strange incident after his death is taken as a fitting memorial to the world’s most famous comic.2.2 Detail reading
2.2.1 Words and phrases
1)for good(L.8)
forever;permanently
这一次她将是永远地离开她的国家了。
This time she’s leaving her country for good.The little boy had been abused by his stepfather until one day he ________.(永远离家出走了)
(ran away from home for good)
2)crude(L.12)
a.rude and offensive
由于他粗俗的行为，他不大受到同班同学们的欢迎。
He was not very popular with his classmates because of his crude manner.At times his language _________ and made him look foolish.(变得粗鲁)
(turned crude)
3)behave(L.21)
v.act in a particular way
人们常常强烈反对那些行为举止不大寻常的人。
People often strongly disapprove of others who behave in unusual ways.We should not allow violent behavior on school grounds;people should ____________.(以礼相待)
(behave politely to each other)
4)make up(L.27)
invent
我正试图为迟到这么长时间编个好借口。
I was trying to make up a good excuse for being so late.Sometimes I'll read her a story from a book and sometimes ___________.(我自己编故事)
(I'll make one up)
5)come down in the world(L.29)
be reduced to a humbler standard of living or social level
你是否看过一片关于一个穷困潦倒的百万富翁电影？
Have you seen the movie about a millionaire who has come down in the world?
When they ______________, they moved to a flat in London.(开始落魄)
(started to come down in the world)
6)rouse(L.39)
v.cause a particular feeling or attitude to exist
汤姆决定不去激怒她。
Tom was determined not to rouse her to anger.The speaker attempted to ____________ with a cry for action.(激励人群)(rouse the crowd)
7)execute(L.46)
v.do or practice, esp.in a planned way
这个计划是不错的但是却实施得很差。
The plan was good but was poorly executed.Now that we have approval we may _________ as previously agreed.(实施这项计划)
(execute the plan)
8)find one’s way into(L.49)
arrive or get somewhere after some time
电脑已经进入许多普通家庭。
Computers have found their way into many ordinary families.Some of the rivers in the country ______________________.(流入太平洋)
(find their way into the Pacific Ocean)
9)relief(L.53)
n.the feeling that results from the easing or removing of pain, distress or anxiety
当得知汽车没有受损，真令人感到欣慰。
It is a relief to learn that the car was not damaged._____________, all the children arrived home, safe and sound.(让我们感到欣慰的是)
(Much to our relief)
10)spark(L.61)
v.be the cause of;lead to
组织者希望能激起年轻人的兴趣。
The organizers are hoping to spark some interest in young people.Winds brought down power lines, ___________.（引起了火灾）
(sparking a fire)
2.2.2 Sentence patterns
1）Typical patterns for emphasis:
原句: Dickens might have created Charlie Chaplin’s childhood.But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of “the Tramp”, the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame.(L.2-4)
狄更斯或许会创作出查理?卓别林的童年故事，但只有查理?卓别林才能塑造出了不起的喜剧角色“流浪者”，这个使其创作者声名永驻的衣衫褴褛的小人物。
句型提炼：
1.Sb.else might do/have done sth.But only sb.can do/could have done sth.else.别人或许会做某事，但只有某人才会做别的事。
应用：
其他作家或许会创作出关于伦敦的故事，但只有他才能塑造出“大卫”这样一个使其创作者声名永驻的人物。
Other writers might have written stories about London.But only he could have created the character David, who gave his creator permanent fame.2）Typical patterns for addition of sth.:
原句：His huge fame gave him the freedom ― and, more importantly, the money ― to be his own master.(L.35)
他的巨大名声为他带来了自由，更重要的是带来了财富，他因此得以成为自己的主人。
句型提炼：
Sth/Sb.… More importantly, sth./Sb.else…
某事??，更重要的是??
应用：
工作不仅是维持生计的方式，更重要的是人们可以通过工作展现自己的才能，实现自己的抱负，建立人际关系和奠定社会地位的途径。
Work is not only a means of sustaining life.More importantly, it is the way through which people display their talent, realize their ambitions, build relationships and establish social status.2.2.3 Difficult sentences
1)Certainly middle-class audiences did;the working-class audiences were more likely to clap for a character who revolted against authority, using his wicked little cane to trip it up, or aiming the heel of his boot for a well-placed kick at its broad rear.（L.11-14）
中产阶级当然这样认为；劳动阶级倒更有可能为这样一个反抗权势的角色拍手喝彩：他以顽皮的小拐杖使绊子，或把皮靴后跟对准权势者宽大的臀部一踢。
Meaning: There is no doubt that middle-class audiences thought so(Charlie Chaplin’s Tramp a little crude);this character was more popular among working-class audiences because he showed his discontent with people of authority by using his little cane to make them fall or by directing a kick at their rears.2）As Oona herself was the child of a large family with its own problems, she was well-prepared for the battle that Chaplin’s life became as unfounded rumors of Marxist sympathies surrounded them both―and, later on, she was the center of rest in the quarrels that Chaplin sometimes sparked in their own large family of talented children.（L.58-61）
由于沃娜本人出生在一个被各种麻烦困扰的大家庭，她对卓别林生活中将面临的挑战也做好了充分准备，因为当时有毫无根据的流言说他俩是马克思主义的同情者。后来在他们自己的有那么多天才孩子的大家庭中，卓别林有时会引发争吵，而她则成了安宁的中心。
Meaning: Oona had met with many problems in her own family before marrying, so she was able to deal with the problems in Chaplin’s life.For example, at that time, there were unfounded rumors that they sympathized with Marxism;when Chaplin caused quarrels in their large family with many talented children, it was Oona who solved such problems and brought peace back into the family.3.Post-reading
3.1 Useful expressions
1.使某人声名永驻
2.给予某人掌声和利益
concerned(L.6)
3.永久地离开了某地
4.不幸的是
5.为„„拍手喝彩
6.反抗
7.绊倒某人
8.把„„对准„„
9.仍然;仍旧
10.尽量推迟„„
11.落魄，潦倒
12.闻名世界
13.有意做某事
14.有一种„„的冲动
15.激起某人的想像
to give sb.permanent fame(L.4)to provide applause and profit where sb.is
to quit a place for good(L.7)
sad to say(L.11)
to clap for sth./sb.(L.13)
to revolt against sb.(L.13)
to trip sb.up(L.14)
to aim„ at„(L.14)
all the same(L.14)
to postpone„as long as possible(L.26)
to come down in the world(L.29)
to achieve world fame(L.31)
to do sth.on purpose(L.32)to have the urge to do sth.(L.36)
to rouse one’s imagination(L.39)
16.强烈需要„.to have a deep need to do sth.(L.47)
17.进入，来到（某处）„„
to find one’s way into„(L.49)
18.失去了对„„的信心
to lose one’s faith in sb./sth.(L.50)
19.与某人白头偕老
to walk into the sunset with sb.(L.51)
20.跨越年龄的差异
to span the age difference between„(L.55)
3.2 Summary of the text
Charlie Chaplin was born in London.However, he was much more popular in other countries than the land of his birth.Many English people considered Chaplin’s Tramp a little crude.However, in Modern Times in 1936, he made up a nonsense language with no known nationality and this helped to bring about his huge success.Chaplin was the kind of comic who used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along.The physical transformation of lifeless objects, plus his skill in acting became the secrets of Chaplin’s great comedy.Chaplin had a deep need to be loved and fortunately life eventually gave him stable happiness when he married Oona in 1942.3.3 Writing
3.4 Assignments
1)Finish all the exercises of Section A.2)Preview Section B, including reading skills.3)Writing:
Section B The Political Career of a Female Politician
1.Reading skill
1.1 Mixture of Fact and Opinion
As we learned in Unit 2, Book 1, Unit 3 and Unit 8, Book 2, and Unit 2, Book 3, developing the ability to read in a critical way involves the ability to distinguish between facts on the one hand and the writer’s opinion or interpretations on the other.It is always appreciated that we can keep facts and opinions apart, but writers often mix facts and opinions even within the same sentence, with some words representing facts and others representing opinions.1.2 Examples
Example 1:
But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of “The Tramp”, the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame.(Para.1, Reading Passage A, Unit 2)
Even though the words only, great, permanent state opinions, the sentence states many facts―Charlie Chaplin, created, comic character, the Tramp, the little man in rags.Even more important, the main point of the sentence is to state the fact that Charlie Chaplin created “The Tramp”, which brought him fame.Thus the sentence is basically factual.Example 2:
This physical transformation, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again, are surely the secrets of Chaplin’s great comedy.(Para.6, Reading Passage A, Unit 2)
Even though the words surely, secrets, great state opinions, the sentence states many facts―physical transformation, the skill he executed with, again and again.The sentence is basically factual as it deals with Charlie Chaplin’s skills in performance.1.3 Text reading
1)vote(L.4)
v.express one’s choice or opinion, esp.by officially marking a paper or by raising one’s hand or speking in a meeting
这位总统已经是第三次当选了。
The President has been voted in for the third time running.Have you decided ________________？（支持哪个党派）
(which party you will vote for)
2)spy…on(L.32)
watch secretly
你付了这个人多少钱来暗中监视你丈夫？
How much did you pay the man to spy on your husband?
He ____________ through this window without being seen.(监视他的邻居)
(spied on his neighbors)
3)shut …out of(L.33)
not include in an activity
她决定永远都不会让约翰进入她的生活。
She decided to shut John out of her life forever.Some leaders in that country were afraid of losing their power, so they tried everything to ____.(杜绝妇女进入政界)
(shut women out of politics)
4)have the upper hand(L.35)
have or get the advantage or control over sb.上半场结束时似乎意大利队占上风。
At half time, the Italian team seemed to have the upper hand.After hours of fierce negotiations, _____________.(总统占了上风)
(the president had the upper hand)
5)fierce(L.47)
a.strong and powerful
在上周激烈的战斗中有两百个士兵阵亡了。
Two hundred soldiers were killed during the fierce fighting last week.__________________________ as they fought their way into the mountain village.(他们遭遇猛烈的抵抗)
(They encountered fierce resistance)
6)break up(L.52)
(cause to)come to an end
警察到达时聚会已经结束了。
The party had already broken up when the police arrived.___________ because there was no love between them.(他们的婚姻结束了)
(Their marriage broke up)
7)witness(L.55)
vt.see sth.happen because one is there when it happens
二十世纪目睹了全世界的政治经济和文化的巨大变革。
The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural transformation.He _____________ and observed its growth and development at a crucial period in its history.(亲眼目睹了祖国的诞生)
(witnessed the birth of his country)
8)in earnest(L.58)
seriously and sincerely
她认真地承诺不会干涉我们的事。
He was in earnest in promising not to interfere in our business.Now I shall have to ______________________, keeping one chapter ahead of the students each week.（认真学英语）
(study English in earnest)
9)refresh(L.67)
vt.give new energy and strength to sb.在炎热的夏天喝一杯冰果汁会让人精神为之一振。
A glass of iced juice can be very refreshing on a hot summer day.Having had a good sleep, ______________.（他感到精神抖擞）
(he felt thoroughly refreshed)
10)deliver the goods(L.69)
fulfill a promise
他满口诺言，事实上却难得兑现。
He's full of promises but in fact he rarely delivers the goods.____________, they could well be looking for a new prime minister by next summer.(如果他不兑现诺言)
(If he fails to deliver the goods)
2.Revision
2.1 Multiple choice
1)If a ________ were to reach the gas it would go off at once.A)spot
B)spill
C)spark
D)spray
2)After about an hour and a half the party ______ because there was not enough wine that evening.A)broke off
B)broke away
C)broke up
D)broke through
3)House purchase is the biggest decision that most people make and the easiest one to _______ for various reasons.A)postpone
B)conduct
C)replace
D)last
4)Somewhat to my _______, the police will soon eliminate her from their inquiries.A)entertainment
B)judgment
C)relief
D)relaxation
5)The political weakness of these countries _________their economic weakness.A)compromised with
B)competed with
C)communicated to
D)corresponded to 6)A series of tragic _______ made Mr.Terres feel he has to face up to his life.A)accidents
B)incidents
C)events
D)occurrences
7)The foreign-born Chinese are thought of as yellow on the outside and white on the inside because they only look like Chinese but never think or ______ like Chinese.A)direct
B)accustom
C)adjust
D)behave
8)For many young people, the late 1960s was a period of _______ against the moral values that had been the pride of the past generations.A)revolt
B)rebel
C)chaos
D)challenge
9)I promised to_________ the others at 5 a.m.A)rouse
B)stimulate
C)motivate
D)prompt
10)Prisoners are reported to have been deliberately _______ without trial.A)murdered
B)convicted
C)executed
D)punished
11)This swimming costume is made of ______ material.A)elastic
B)clumsy
C)coarse
D)delicious
12)Two drivers were killed in a head-on ________ down a car and a taxi last night.A)collapse
B)conflict
C)collision
D)crush 13)A few shots of this drug cleared up the disease ______
A)for long
B)before long
C)ever since
D)for good
14)The citizens in the neighborhood all______for the local government's decision to close the small paint factory.A)claimed
B)cracked
C)clapped
D)crashed
15)The government attempts to put down the______ of the president's sex scandal.A)news
B)rumor
C)saying
D)proverb
16)The fact that we underestimated our ______ led to our bitter defeat.A)opponent
B)candidate
C)colleague
D)advocate
17)The girls were all _____ of Grace because she was so pretty, with beautiful hands and a face like a film-star's.A)greedy
B)controversial
C)competitive
D)jealous
18)The Watergate ______ was exposed by two investigative journalists working for the Washington Post.A)shame
B)conviction
C)rumor
D)scandal
19)Japanese banks, once _____ competitors in the British banking market, have all but disappeared.A)bold
B)fierce C)wild
D)harmful
20)5000 people held a protest march and_____ against sexual discrimination.A)rally
B)conjunction
C)episode
D)riot
21)A _____ broke out at the stadium when the home team lost 5-0.A)rebel
B)strike
C)violation
D)riot
22)It was the third time in three weeks that such ugly scenes had been _______ in London.A)endeavored
B)demonstrated
C)witnessed
D)judged
23)You may laugh at my idea but I'm in deadly _____.A)intensive
B)generous
C)earnest
D)voluntary
24)When I come back, I feel _____and many new ideas occur to me.A)renewed
B)recreated
C)reshaped
D)refreshed
25)According to the Centers for Disease Control, women will soon _____ 80 percent of those diagnosed with HIV.A)make up
B)build up
C)stand for
D)conform to
26)She ______the knives and forks at the lunch table.A)laid up
B)laid off
C)laid down
D)laid out
27)________some other low-income countries in Africa, most children here do eventually get to primary school and stay there for a few years.A)Contrary to
B)In regard to C)In contrast to
D)With respect to
28)Seven hundred thousand tons of ______ oil has poured out of the damaged tanker into the sea.A)raw
B)rough
C)crude
D)tough
29)Fertile soil helps Canada________ among the world's leading wheat producers.A)rank
B)occupy
C)arrange
D)classify
30)The film producer sent him the ______ and assured him there was no question of him appearing on stage in the role.A)scrape
B)catalog
C)category
D)script
2.2 Error correction
1)If I knew that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.A
B
C
D
(A.had known)
2)Whenever I see someone having a drink in a TV programme, I feel like to have a drink myself and
A
B
C
it's the same with cigarettes and food.D
(C.having)
3)Before the 1950s, ships sinking in the Triangle were in some degree common occurrences.A
B
C
D
(C.to)
4)Awaiting her husband at the airport, she couldn't help but to smile to herself.A
B
C
D
(D.smile)
5)Despite of the high divorce rate in the United States, young men and women continue to marry on
A
B
C
the basis of romantic love.D
(A.Despite)
2.3 Text extension
Discussion: Is it possible for a woman to become a successful politician?
3.Assignments
1)Finish all the exercises of Section B
2)Read the article of Section C and finish the related exercises.
第五篇：大学英语(四)1-7单元句子翻译
大学英语
（四）汉译英句子
Unit
11.还在小时候，布利茨恩(Blizten)就会戏弄祖母，把她的拖鞋挪走。
Even when young, Blizten would tease Grandma by carrying her slippers away.2.这个笑话的幽默之处在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位贵妇。
The humor lies in the fact that the second man is saying that his wife is not a lady.3.一个真正有幽默感的人在任何聚会上常常是注意力的焦点。
The truly humorous individual is often the focus of attention in any gathering.4.双关语与其他幽默形式相比需要更细微、更巧妙的语言技巧。
Puns require more subtle and sophisticated language skills than other humor forms.5.读者的乐趣就在于追随故事里隐含的线索。
The fun for the reader is in following the clues hidden in the story.6.大多数侦探小说使读者感到不安,而不是慰藉。
Instead of being comforting, most detective novels unsettle their readers.7.在一场谋杀案打乱了人们的生活之前，这是一个安定、可预测的世界。
This is a world which is safe and predictable until a murder shatters people’s lives.8.毫无疑问，音乐会继续发挥它的诱惑力。
There seems no doubt that music will continue to exert its attraction.Unit 2The Power of Words
1．因为那时我是个十几岁的小伙子，所以他的话最鼓舞人心了。
Because I was a teenager then, his words couldn’t have been more inspiring.2．每当我怀疑自己不是当作家的料时，便会重温他的便笺。
Whenever I doubted I had the right stuff to be a writer，I would reread his note.3．毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利（Erie）湖那么大。
Not surprisingly, he has a body of friends as big as nearby Lake Erie.4．我得知汤姆养成了一个给各行各业的人写快捷的便笺的习惯。
I learned that Tom made a habit of writing a quick note to people in all walks of life.5．在一个惯于冷漠、无动于衷的世界上，这种便笺带来了温暖和安慰。
In a world too often cold and unresponsive, such notes bring warmth and reassurance.6．他的便条不仅写给同事，还写给萍水相逢的和完全陌生的人。
His notes go not only to associates, but to casual acquaintances and total strangers.7．清新和热情会长久地回荡在读者的心灵中。
The freshness and enthusiasm will linger in the reader’s mind long afterward.8．给我留下了深刻的印象的，是他每次真诚的反应。
What impressed me so much was his sincere response every time.Unit 3Gender Difference
1.各种不同类型的行为和情感，既是由遗传也是由文化定型的。
Various types of behavior and emotions are patterned by both heredity and culture.2.在教育中存在一种偏爱男孩胜于女孩的文化偏见。
There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls.3.那些成为积极的课堂参与者的学生会形成更积极的态度。
Those students who become active classroom participants will develop more positive attitudes.4.请男生回答问题的次数远比女生多，这对学习过程有着巨大的影响。
Calling on males far more than on female students has a tremendous impact on the learning process.5.有时候教师们不知不觉地阻止女孩像男孩一样积极地参与。
Sometimes teachers unknowingly prevented girls from participating as actively as boys.6.男生作业做得马虎却受表扬，要是女生做这样的作业就得不到宽容。Boys receive praise for sloppy work that would not be tolerated from girls.7.女孩子到九岁时数学一直比男孩子强，但此后便落后了。
Girls are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, but fall behind from then on.8.即使男孩们占少数时，他们也得到老师们三分之二的注意力。
Boys get two-thirds of the teachers’ attention even when they are in a minority.Unit 4Creativity
1．如果迪克听从了他的老板，也许我们就不会有遮护胶带了。
If Dick had listened to his boss, we might not have masking tape.2．有时犯傻是通向创造性的必要的一步。
Sometimes being silly is an essential step toward creativity.3．创造性并非与生俱来，也不一定就是高智慧的特征。
Creativity is not something one is born with, nor is it necessarily a characteristic of high intelligence.4．许多教育者十分看重考试分数，往往为了正确的答案而牺牲了创造性。
With strong emphasis on test scores, many educators sacrifice creativity for correct answers.5．创造一个荒诞想法受到尊重和赞赏，而不是鄙视或不理会的环境是很重要的。
It is important to create a place where wild ideas are honored and valued, never scorned or dismissed.6．即使是为了中美友谊，我们也并不特别感激这种干预。
Even for the sake of Chinese-American friendship, we were not particularly grateful for this intervention.7．大人几乎毫不犹豫地干涉小孩成长的过程。
Adults feel little hesitation about intervening in the child-growing process.8．在希望孩子怎样行事上，我们遇到了两种截然不同的态度。
We were dealing with totally different attitudes about the preferred behavior for children.Unit 5
1.做个好榜样并不需要十全十美, 而且人们也不应该期盼完美。
You don’t have to be perfect to be a good role model, and people shouldn’t expect perfection.2.他显示出一个优秀者应具有的诸如诚实、毅力这些品格吗？
Does he display the values—like honesty and determination—that are part of being a good person?
3.时刻处在公众的注视之下有时令人难以忍受。
Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times.4.如果孩子们心目中的英雄犯了错误，他们就不会觉得世界末日到了。
If the kid’s heroes should make mistakes, it won’t seem like the end of the world to them.5.要成为一名体育明星，你必须具备非凡的竞争意识。
To become a star athlete, you have to have an extremely competitive outlook.6.他们变得很自负，表现得就像他们的运动生涯会永远辉煌下去。
They become conceited and behave as if their athletic success will last forever.7.当他们因为享有特权便自认为可以为所欲为时，危险就随之而至。
The danger arises when they think that because they are privileged they can have anything they want.8．人们期望运动员来充当社会的英雄是一种误导。
It’s misguided for society to look to athletes for its heroes.Unit 6
1．在说不定的某个时候，我们大家都曾充当过疑病症患者的角色。
At some time or other, all of us have played the part of a hypochondriac.2．然而对疾病的恐惧并非我们唯一的恐惧。同样患病的危险也并非我们唯一会遇上的危险。
But fear of disease is not our only fear, and neither is risk of disease the only risk we run.3． 现代生活中充满了各种各样的威胁，诸如对我们生命的威胁，对我们未来的威胁。
Modern life is full of all manner of threats—to our lives and our future.4． 风险几乎总是一个可能性的问题而无确定性可言。
Risks are almost always a matter of probability rather than certainty.5． 上面说的这一切，只是从另一角度说明我们所做的事没有一件是百分之百安
全的。
All of this is another way of saying that nothing we do is completely safe.6． 但是即便你买得起，这笔额外的费用以及所带来的不便是否值得呢？
But is the added cost and inconvenience worth the difference in price, even
supposing you could afford it?
7． 关键在于要让自己了解相应的风险，然后见机行事。
The point is to inform ourselves about the relevant risks and then act accordingly.8． 风险管理需要两大要素：常识以及与我们可能要承担的风险的性质和程度相
关的信息。
Risk management requires two things: common sense and information about the
character and degree of the risks we may be running.Unit 7
1.当你们没有按期交作业时，我们装作不在乎。
When your work came in beyond the deadline, we pretended not to care.2．在过去的50年中，大学使你们丧失了得到充分培养的机会。
College has deprived you of adequate preparation for the last 50 years.3.在大学里，我们必须学会规划时间，学会容忍。
At college, we must learn to budget our time and to be tolerant.4．我们与来自世界各地的人相识，开阔了我们的视野，使我们彼此加深了解。
We meet people from different parts of the world that broaden our view of the world and help
us understand each other better.
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