新策略大学英语第四册第八单元课外练习(10级全新版含答案)[定稿]

第一篇：新策略大学英语第四册第八单元课外练习(10级全新版含答案)[定稿]

新策略大学英语第四册第八单元课外练习（10级全新版含答案）

1.“Can you give me a rough idea of what happened here without going into ________?” said Ann.[A] retail[B] entail[C] curtail[D] detail

2.The doctor gave her an injection to ________ the pain.[A] alleviate[B] elevate[C] allocate[D] accurate

3.It seems that living green is surprisingly easy and ________.[A] horrible[B] adaptable[C] renewable[D] affordable

4.Last night he saw two dark ________ enter the building, and then there was the explosion.[A] features[B] figures[C] sketches[D] images

5.The television is too loud;turn the ________ down.[A] voice[B] sound[C] volume[D] vacuum

6.He was a good worker who was ________ to his family as well as to his work.[A] consistent[B] committed[C] content[D] engaged

7.When you're in Paris you can't help being ________ of the way the streets are kept clean.[A] effective[B] relaxed[C] conscious[D] obvious

8.A man without patience is unfit for the work because it ________ patience and carefulness.[A] calls on[B] calls for[C] calls up[D] calls back

9.This price will allow a good ________ of profit.[A] bargain[B] margin[C] begin[D] benign

10.I hope all the precautions against air pollution, ________ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.[A] while[B] since[C] after[D] as

11.We'll visit Europe next year ________ we have enough money.[A] provided[B] unless[C] until[D] lest

12.In Thomas Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent ________ touch in his description of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life.[A] nostalgic[B] humorous[C] romantic[D] ironic

13.His health had ________ while he was in prison.[A] deteriorated[B] determined[C] designed[D] derogatory

14.My camera can be ________ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.[A] treated[B] adjusted[C] adopted[D] remedied

15.She finds herself in ________ with her parents over her future career.[A] conflict[B] overcome[C] awkward[D] sustain

16.________ his eyes when she told him that it was time for them to leave.[A] Hardly had he opened[B] Scarcely did he open

[C] No sooner did he open[D] He had no sooner opened

17.________ can we yield to the pressure.[A] By and large[B] By means of[C] By no means[D] In return

18.Just as relaxation is an important part of our lives, ________ stress.[A] so is[B] as it is[C] and so is[D] the same is

19.By 1990, production in the area is expected to double ________ of 1980.[A] that[B] it[C] one[D] what

20.I’d rather we ________ our lesson now.[A] have[B] had[C] should have[D] shall have

21.The government hopes to ________ public spending.[A] curtain[B] court[C] scout[D] curtail

第二篇：全新版大学英语(第二版)第一册第八单元短语总结

Useful Expressions in Unit 8(by Mr.Hu)

1.knit one’s brows 皱眉 2.scratch one’s head 挠头 3.come up with the right answer 4.beam at learning the answer 5.weave a tale: make up/invent a story 6.bring/drive sth home to sb: make sb fully understand/realize sth 7.sth hold lessons for sb: sth be instructive/educational to sb 8.a fictional story ←→ a true story 9.as well=, too 10.Aesop’s Fables 11.run out of: use up 12.file folders 13.a handful of: a small number of 14.before/plus tax: when the tax hasn’t been paid yet 15.in amazement/surprise/disbelief 16.in despair 17.mental arithmetic 18.modestly educated：slightly educated 19.be upset by/about: = be worried / unhappy about 20.good-natured: good-tempered 21.be ignorant of/about 22.ignorance 23.a tiny slice of the problem 24.perform the calculations 25.sth be only a memory among sb 26.be nonexistent 27.a chilling(=discouraging)indifference(= a lack of interest)28.sum up: summarize 29.compete with=compete against(sb for sth)30.financial, material, and human capital 31.human capital: people’s knowledge and skills 32.accumulate: collect 33.ancestor=forefather←→posterity/offspring=

descendant 34.at some point soon用不了多久 35.intellectual laziness 懒于用脑 36.affect: have an influence on 37.idle: lazy 38.labor force: work force 39.crash 坠落: fall down 40.jam: get stuck 41.break down: ①stop working ② fall/collapse 42.have a humble suggestion 有一愚见 43.dramatize: describe vividly;give a vivid description of 44.feel bitter: feel painful 45.headphones: earphones 46.portable 47.CD: compact disk 48.sth put sb to sleep 49.search for: look for 50.get a job as a clerk 51.with steady wages 52.feed himself 53.allow no leisure for such luxuries as…使某人没有闲暇去享受诸如...的奢侈的事情 54.His only hope lies in his children.55.fast-forward 56.a steel mill: a steel factory 57.subway: the Underground/ the Tube(BrE)58.well off=rich 59.a determined foe：a strong-minded enemy 60.scared=frightened 61.be scared of;too scared to do;be scared that;62.A scare B 63.live by

cf.live on 64.peace and plenty(alliteration押头韵)65.safe and sound 66.healthy and wealthy(rhyme尾韵)67.all day and all night= day and night 68.offer services to sb 69.long since

cf.long ago 70.complex: complicated 71.manual work: physical labor 72.discipline: training 73.saving and discipline 74.discipline sb 75.earn an adequate living wage 76.slum: ghetto 77.plumbing cf.plumber 78.trash piles 79.trash； rubbish;garbage;junk 80.in a word: in short 81.much as: nearly as 82.be befriended by: make friends with 83.decline ①decrease ② refuse politely 84.acquire(=get)financial capital 85.rise from the ashes: rebuild itself after the devastation of WWII 86.swear: promise seriously 87.miracle: wonder: phenomenon 88.sth catch one’s eye: sth arouse one’s attention 89.intellectual faculties=abilities 90.contemptible: deserving contempt 令人可鄙的

91.cf.contemptuous: showing, feeling or expressing contempt 表示鄙视的 92.stand in the doorway 93.have a day off 94.do the deal 95.take an equal slice of the profit 96.wash clothes by hand 97.in my humble opinion 98.appoint an assistant 99.reduce the cost of production 100.to his delight 101.switch to sth 102.fine arts 103.make a good lawyer 104.The story makes interesting reading.105.make it 106.my sense of self 107.take various measures to encourage local economic development 108.develop a sense of responsibility 109.narrow the wide gap between A and B 110.first-hand knowledge 111.build up a large vocabulary 112.gain a good command of English 113.a likeable girl 讨人喜欢的女孩 114.be content to do 115.be unconcerned by：be indifferent about 116.fine-looking: handsome 117.call the fire department and ambulance 118.put sth in a different perspective 119.change one’s mind

120.ditch: throw away sth in the ditch 121.sigh inwardly 暗自叹气

122.mentally battle with sth: 苦苦的心算 123.look longingly at sth 眼巴巴地望着 124.off-limits adj.禁止进入的→可望不可及的 125.tutor a student 126.allow unlimited access to sth 可无限制的使用sth 127.attend a maths seminar 128.casually state sth随口说

129.education establishment 教育机构

130.call for tutoring in algebra and geometry 131.in defense of 辩解 132.rationally: reasonably 133.proceed from known information to desired information 根据已知信息找到所需信息 134.be competent with sth/in doing sth 135.get tied up with tedious computations为繁琐的运算所拖累 136.addition, subtraction, multiplication and division 137.a word problem 应用题

138.cut down his work: stop his work 139.reflect on: think over 140.repetitious: repeated 141.sth fall to such a low priority in education circles 在教育界变得如此不受重视 142.much less=let alone 143.Math is as much about knowing why the rules work as knowing what the rules are.数学要讲有哪些规则，更要讲这些规则为什么成立。

144.learn sth by heart ←→ learn sth by rote 145.view sth as sth’

146.multiplication tables n.[数]乘法表 147.attack a problem 解题

148.be seriously disadvantaged 处于极其不利的地位

149.invite a child’s mind to stand still使孩子的智力发展停滞不前 150.tutor sb on practice exams(辅导sb做模拟试题)151.SAT: Scholastic Aptitude Test 学能测试 152.at hand: adv.在手边, 在附近, 即将到来

153.without needing a stick to lean on 不需要倚靠拐杖 154.bat an eye at sth眨眼

155.have one’s place in the world 156.education tools 157.to figure the circumference of a circle计算圆的周长 158.to factor a quadratic equation求解二次方程的因子 159.for any practical reason出于实际需要 160.expand one’s mind 扩展思维

161.increase one’s ability to function as a contributing individual in society 增强为社会作贡献的能力

162.ultimate goals终极目的 163.in the first place 164.contribute sth to sth/sb 165.The Frog in the Shallow Well(井底之蛙)166.His Spear against His Shield(自相矛盾), 167.Making His Mark(刻舟求剑), 168.Ostrich Logic(掩耳盗铃)169.Blessing or Bane(祸害)(塞翁失马).170.play ostrich自欺欺人 171.Sour grapes.172.Killing the goose that lays the golden eggs.173.One good turn deserves another.善有善报.174.Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched.鸡蛋未孵出，先别数小鸡 175.Much wants more and loses all.(贪得无厌就会丧失一切。)176.Slow and steady wins the race.177.Little friends may prove great friends.178.television and movie shoots(拍摄)179.ability, capability & capacity 180.ability 含义最广，指智力（或体力）上的“能力”，主要指人，说明他能否做一件 事，后面接不定式，或介词in，for，但不能接of + doing.例如：He shows considerable ability in/for organization.他颇有组织能力。此外，该词用作复数时只能指智力方面的能力。

例如：He has found a job more suited to his abilities.183.capability 与ability互通，也指智力（或体力）上的“能力”，可指人或物，后面接of + doing或for(doing)sth.。例如：The essay is a proof of the writer’s capability of using the right word in the right place.这篇文章证明作者能在适当的地方用适当的字。

需要注意的是，capability of 后接含有主动意义的动作；capability for 后接含有被动意义的动作。此外，capability 常指天生或潜在的能力，而ability 常指学到的能力。例如：He acquired in eight hours the ability to drive a car.他在八小时内就学会了开汽车。185.capacity 主要指能够容纳或吸收的“能力”，可用于人或物。例如：He has a capacity for mathematics.他有学数学的能力。（着重脑中的容纳力）

The auditorium has a seating capacity of two thousand.礼堂能容纳二千人。

187.affect , effect & influence 这里这三个词都作为动词进行比较。affect 表示“影响”，以被影响的人或物作宾语。大致可分为两种情况：1）“使„起变化”，没有好或坏的意思；2）“对„发生不良影响”。例如：Nothing you say will affect my decision.The small amount of rain last year affected the growth of crops.190.effect 表示“产生，招致”或“实现”，以“改进，变化”等类的词作宾语。例如： The new hairdo effected a startling change in her appearance.这新发式使她的外貌产生了惊人的变化。

192.influence 指对行为、性格或观点等产生潜移默化的影响。例如：Such films have a dangerous influence on children.193.stand/lie idle 闲着The machinery stood idle for a month.194.break away 逃走，逃脱

195.break in 闯入，强行进入；打断；插嘴 196.break into 闯入，强行进入

197.break out 逃脱，逃出；突然发生，爆发 198.break through 突破

199.He drove the point home with another quotation.200.我们必须使他彻底明白困难在哪里。We must drive home to him where the difficulties lie.201.Many famous historical figures came from a humble background.202.advance /make / offer/ put forward a suggestion 提出建议 203.ask for/call for/invite suggestions 征求建议 204.act on a suggestion 将建议付诸实施 205.adopt a suggestion 采纳建议 206.reject a suggestion 拒绝建议

207.a suggestion about/concerning„一项有关„的建议 208.at sb’s suggestion 按照某人的建议

209.suggestion, advice & opinion这三个词都可译作“意见”。suggestion 意为“建议”或“意见”，特指为了改进或解决问题而提出的办法，常带有“不一定正确，提出供对方参考”的意味。例如： This is merely a suggestion.211.advice 着重提意见的人比对方（或自认为）有更多的经验知识，因此可用于医生给病人的“劝告”，老工人讲给新手的“经验之谈”等。该词有时也用得比较广泛，凡是与己无关、纯粹为了帮助旁人而提出的“意见”都可译作advice。例如：

You should follow the doctor’s advice and give up smoking.212.opinion 指对事物的一般“意见，看法”。例如：He showed me a poem he had written and asked my opinion about it.213.Champagne is a luxury they can no longer afford.214.我们花不起买奢侈品的钱。We can’t afford to spend money on luxuries.215.enjoy(a)luxury 享受

216.afford a luxury 买得起奢侈品

217.pure/sheer luxury 绝对的奢侈；十足的享受 218.unaccustomed luxury 罕有的享受 219.in luxury 奢侈地

220.They wallowed in luxury.他们沉溺于奢侈的生活中。

221.现在，中国人的生活比以前强多了。Nowadays Chinese people are better off than they used to be.222.They’re scared of making a fool of themselves.223.我害怕坐飞机；我怕飞机可能坠毁。I’m scared to fly in a plane.I’m scared that it might crash.224.adequate, enough & sufficient三词均表示“足够的”。225.adequate 指“能够满足特定的或最起码的要求的”。

例如：For the use of beginners, the book is adequate.226.enough 指“能够满足一种欲望或需要”，比较偏重数量，并可放在所形容的名词后面。例如：Are there enough apples for everyone? 227.sufficient 具有与enough相同的意思，只是更为正式，并较强调程度。

228.fall/sink into a decline 开始衰落, 衰弱下去； 体力衰退(尤指因患肺病而衰弱)229.hasten the decline of 加速„的衰退 230.on the decline在下降； 在衰退中

231.He acquired a knowledge of computer by careful study.232.格林先生靠做石油生意发了一笔大财。Mr.Green acquired a fortune in the oil business.233.astonish, amaze, & surprise 这三个词在表示“使„惊异”时，意义相近，一般以事物或人作主语；以人作主语时，一般用被动语态。它们的主要区别在于：

234.astonish 特指不可能解释的事发生后使人产生较强的惊异感情。astonish 表示惊异的时间较 surprise 长久。例如：They were astonished at/by the news of his escape.235.amaze 指带有迷惑或赞美的惊奇，是意义很强的词。例如：I was amazed at/by her calmness.我对她的冷静感到惊讶。（含有“钦佩”之意）

236.surprise 着重因意外之事或特殊的事而产生的突然反应。例如：Her frank answer surprised him.她坦率的回答使他感到惊讶。237.make a living by: earn money by(doing sth.)238.by a miracle 依靠奇迹；奇迹般地 239.to a miracle 奇迹般地；（好得）不可思议地 240.accomplish/perform/work a miracle创造奇迹

241.It is a myth that the faculty of hearing is greatly increased in blind people.242.After seven years of study, he succeeded in joining the faculty of Columbia University.

第三篇：21世纪大学英语第四册第二单元课文翻译

A我们需要的感激A ?J ?克罗宁一个晴朗的下午，我在纽约上了一辆出租车。从司机的表情和他猛拉排挡的样子中，我可以看出他很不高兴。我问他是怎么回事。“我完全有理由生气，”他怒气冲冲地说。“今天上午我的一个乘客把钱包忘在我车里了。里面有近300块钱。我花了一个多小时想方设法找那个家伙。最后我在他的宾馆里找到了他。他拿了钱包，一声不吭地瞪着眼看着我，好像我本来打算要偷他的钱包似的。”“他没有给你酬金？”我大声问。“一个子儿也没有。但我要的不是钱„„”他咕哝着，然后突然大声说，“只要那个家伙说句什么„„”因为他诚实的助人行为没有得到感激，那位出租车司机一整天都闷闷不乐，而且我知道以后他在做类似的好事之前会仔细考虑一下了。这种对感激的需要是我们都能感受到的，而拒绝表示感谢则会大大扼杀善良与合作的精神。第二次世界大战期间，辛辛那提的一位母亲收到他参军的儿子一封来信，信中提到诺曼底一个村庄中的一位妇女在他受伤饥饿时将他带到家中，帮他躲过了德国人的搜捕。不幸的是，后来那男孩在阿登高地的进攻战中阵亡了。然而，这位母亲却受到一种不可抗拒的愿望的驱使。她积蓄了两年，穿过大西洋，找到了她儿子提到的那个村庄。经过多次打听之后，她找到了那位曾经保护过她儿子的妇女——一位贫穷农夫的妻子——将一个包裹硬塞进她手里。那是她儿子在毕业典礼上获得的一块金表，是那个男孩曾经拥有过的唯一真正有价值的东西。这位母亲表示感激的举动深深触动了人们的心灵，在那个村庄内外成为传奇般的故事。它比出色的演讲更能让人培养起对美国人的好感。感激是对每一个无论大小的善行

优雅地接受并表示欣赏的艺术。我们大多数人受到款待，接受礼物和明显的好处时都不会忘记表示我们的愉悦之情，但即使在这种情况下我们也还能够完善我们表示感激的方式，让它尽可能的个人化和真诚。最近，我和妻子在意大利南部旅游时，我给康涅狄格州的一位朋友寄去了几瓶令我们喜欢的当地佳酿。那是件小小的礼物，然而令我们惊讶的是，我们收到的不是一封传统的感谢信而是一张电唱机唱片。我们播放它时，听到了我们的朋友在饭后的一段话，描述他和他的客人们如何喜欢那酒，并感谢我们考虑得周到。有这件不同寻常的东西来证明别人欣赏我们的礼物真令人愉快。有时感激不仅仅是一件个人的事。我在麦吉尔大学学医的儿子告诉我，有一位被送到蒙特利尔医院的病人经过输血而获救。康复以后他问：“我是否能找到那位献血者的名字，向他表示感谢？”他被告知献血者的名字是从来不公开的。出院几个星期后他回来献了一品脱血。从那以后他一次又一次地为了同一目的回来。当一名外科医生称赞这种不留姓名的高尚行为时，他只是回答说：“有个我永远也不知道是谁的人为我这样做了。我只是在说‘谢谢’。”感激不仅可以是一种转瞬即逝的情绪，在有些情况下还可以是一种能持续终生的更新，想到这一点真令人感到欣慰。丈夫充满感激地回想起妻子慷慨无私的行为，妻子从不忘记丈夫送给她的礼物，这些都大大有助于使家庭生活保持和谐。英国作家和博物学家W?H?赫德森曾经写道：“一天晚上，我带一个朋友回家同我们一起吃了顿家常便饭。后来他对我说：‘你真幸运，你的妻子虽然身体不好还要照顾孩子，但菜烧得那么好吃。’那句赞美的话打开

了我的眼睛，它教会我要感谢妻子日复一日的、而一直被我习以为常的英雄行为。”感激的礼仪首先应该在小事情上用得最多。送报的男孩、送牛奶的人、邮递员、理发师、饭店里的女招待、开电梯的人——所有这些人都在以某种方式为我们服务。通过表示感谢我们可以使日常平淡的关系具有人情味，使单调的任务变得令人愉快。我的一位在伦敦当公共汽车售票员的病人有一次对我吐露说，“有时我真厌倦了我的工作。人们抱怨，麻烦你，说车钱找得不对。但是有一位早晚乘我车的女士总是在我收她的车票时用一种特别友好的方式感谢我。我真希望她是代表所有的乘客在说话。这使我一直保持微笑。”阿诺德?本涅特的一个出版商夸奖自己的秘书效率特高。一天，本涅特对她说：“你的老板说你效率极高。你的秘诀是什么？”“那不是我的秘诀，”秘书回答。“那是他的。”每次她为他做一件事，无论多小的事，他从未忘记表示感谢。因此，她工作一直非常努力。有些人不愿表达感激之情，因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。我的一个病人在出院几个星期后回到医院来感谢他的护士。“我没有更早地回来，”他解释说，“是因为我猜想你们对于人们的感激一定厌烦得要命。”“正好相反，”她回答说，“我很高兴你来。很少有人意识到我们多么需要鼓励，我们从那些鼓励我们的人身上获得了多大的帮助。”我们所给予的感激永远不会过多。因为我们身边的人在构筑他们的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些微笑、我们所表示的感谢和我们表示欣赏的各种小小的示意动作。

B礼仪为什么是重要的朱迪思?马丁 朱迪思?马丁(生于1938年)是

《华盛顿邮报》的戏剧和电影评论家，她撰写的联合特写专栏“礼仪小姐”通过稿件辛迪加在国际上多家报纸同时发表。她在哈佛大学的一次演讲中阐述了她在《普通礼节》一书中的观点，现转载如下。如今的美国人错误地认为只要具有个人美德就会毫不费力地、自然地产生可接受的社会行为。道德和礼节之间的区别已变得模糊了。大多数人以为，你只需要有一副好心肠，其余的事情便不用你费心了。你不必写感谢信。这种对于人际关系的“自然的”态度认定：熟知任何一个人就是爱他，人类唯一的问题只是沟通问题。这既否认了人们可能被基本的、的确不可调和的差异——哲学的、政治的或者宗教的差异——所分隔，也假定了所有这样的差异仅是误解而已。许多形式的礼节恰恰是用来掩盖那些由不可调和的分歧所造成的厌恶之情的。只要礼仪应当完全符合道德的想法存在，用来润滑普通生活的应酬话或惯例就会产生道德问题。过去人们讲究义务性的正式拜访，那个时候，“夫人不在家”的意思显然就是“夫人不想见你，就像你并不想见她一样，不过她注意到你已经尽职了。”如今，我们从来不给自己暂时被别人联系不上的便利，甚至对陌生人也不例外。有了电话和BP机，人们使得自己能随时被任何人所立即接通，而被认为无礼的并不是打电话干扰别人的人，而是不肯听电话的人。我收到许多记者的来信，他们认为只有直言不讳才是诚实。他们感到气愤，因为问他们“你好吗？”的人们并不真正想听他们说肚子不舒服。在写信给那些他们并不想结交的人时，他们要求不以“你的忠实的”来签署信件。让人有点讨厌的是，在说“早上好”之前得看一下天气预报。那

些提倡实话实说的人在回答“我看上去好吗？”之类漫不经心的问题时会说实话，这也等于要求给粗野无礼以特别许可。礼仪标准化的缺乏导致了一个经常是愤怒与混乱的社会，在那儿每个人都赤裸着他的道德观，每一个细小的行为都被视作是一种道德观的显露。今天，每个人都声称不仅有权设计自己的礼节，而且有权在别人不遵守这些礼节时发火，即使他并没有费心让别人了解过他的喜好。事实上，现在比任何时候更容易在无意中伤人。一位绅士为一位女士开门，因为他的母亲告诉他女士们喜欢这样的礼节，但是这位女士却转过身来，对他现出一面蔑视的样子，因为他侮辱了她作为女性的人格。一个年轻女子在一辆拥挤的公共汽车上给一位身体虚弱的年长男士让座，而他厌恶地瞪了她一眼，因为她损伤了他作为男子的尊严。注意，这些人只是想表示友好；唯一的问题是他们在遵循不同的礼节体系而已。奇怪的是，现在比任何时候更难故意伤人。如果你说，“你面目可憎，我恨你，”那人可能会回答，“你正在气头上 ；我会等你感觉好一些。”解释自己的动机能够为所有的过失开脱，这种观念也许在一个凌辱肆虐的世界里十分重要，在那儿，万能的理由，“我心情不好”，赦免了一个人所有的义务或责任。有人认为，人们无需借助全社会默认的一种人为规范就可以“自然地”为人处事。这种想法就像认为人们可以用一种没有被普遍认可的语法规则的语言来交际的想法一样愚蠢。如同语言一样，礼仪的准则可以被运用得或娴熟或拙劣，其目的可以是崇高的或邪恶的，其表达的观念和感情可以多种多样。如同语言一样，礼仪不停地经历着缓慢的变化和适应过程，但这些变化必须是全

球性的，而不是细微局部的。因为如果人人都即兴创造自己的礼仪，那谁也不会理解另一个人行为的含义，结果就会造成社会的混乱和文明的终结。

第四篇：新视野大学英语第二版第四册第二单元教案范文

Unit 2 Section A Charlie Chaplin

1.Pre-reading

1.1 Background information

Charles Spencer Chaplin Charles Spencer Chaplin was born on 16th April 1889 in Walworth, London, and lived a Dickensian childhood, shared with his brother, Sydney, that included extreme poverty, workhouses and seeing his mother’s mental decline put her into an institution.Both his parents, though separated when he was very young, were music hall artists, his father quite famously so.But it was his mother that Charlie idolised and was inspired by during his visit of the backstage while she performed, to take up such a career for himself.Charles Dickens Charles Dickens, 1812―1870, an English novelist, considered by many to be the greatest one of all.His many famous books describe life in Victorian England and show how hard it was, especially for the poor and for the children.They include The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Great Expectations and A Tale of Two Cities.Hollywood

Hollywood is an area of Los Angeles which is known as the center of the American film industry.In terms of geography, Hollywood refers to an area consisting of the City of West Hollywood and its vicinity that form part of the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area.It is generally thought that everyone living in Hollywood is extremely rich, famous, and concerned with appearances but in fact many parts of Hollywood today are poor, dirty and badly cared for.Mack Sennett Mack Sennett:(1880―1960)U.S.film producer, born in Richmond, Quebec.He worked in the theatre as a comic in burlesque companies, and from 1908 in silent films.He later formed his own company and hundreds of shorts, establishing a whole generation of players and a tradition of knockabout slapstick under the name of Keystone Komics(1912), and later the Sennett Bathing Beauties(1920).He received a Special Academy Award in 1937.1.2 Topic-related video

1.3 Topic-related discussion 2.While-reading

2.1 Global reading

2.1.1 Understand the major details of the text

1)What do you learn about Charlie Chaplin from the first paragraph of the passage?

He lived a poor and miserable life during his childhood.2)What do you know about the film Modern Times from the fourth paragraph of the passage?

It was the first movie in which Charlie Chaplin used his voice for the characters.3)What happened to Charlie Chaplin after his death?

His body was stolen by thieves and held for money.2.1.2 Understand organization of the text

1)Main idea of the text

The world’s most famous comic, Charlie Chaplin, had a miserable childhood.However, after he moved to America, he gradually became famous.His excellent performance has brought laughter to people all over the world.2)Text structure analysis

Part One(Para.1-2): Introduction of Charlie Chaplin

Charlie Chaplin was born into a poor family but created comic characters of lasting fame.He won more reputation in many other countries than in the land of his birth.Part Two(Para.3-6): Charlie Chaplin’s professional success

This part is about Charlie Chaplin’s success with his Tramp, sound movies and his secrets of great comedy.Part Three(Para.7-8): Charlie Chaplin’s emotional life

This part is about Charlie Chaplin’s emotional collision and his stable happiness in his later years.Part Four(Para.9): Charlie Chaplin’s death A strange incident after his death is taken as a fitting memorial to the world’s most famous comic.2.2 Detail reading

2.2.1 Words and phrases

1)for good(L.8)

forever;permanently

这一次她将是永远地离开她的国家了。

This time she’s leaving her country for good.The little boy had been abused by his stepfather until one day he ________.(永远离家出走了)

(ran away from home for good)

2)crude(L.12)

a.rude and offensive

由于他粗俗的行为，他不大受到同班同学们的欢迎。

He was not very popular with his classmates because of his crude manner.At times his language _________ and made him look foolish.(变得粗鲁)

(turned crude)

3)behave(L.21)

v.act in a particular way

人们常常强烈反对那些行为举止不大寻常的人。

People often strongly disapprove of others who behave in unusual ways.We should not allow violent behavior on school grounds;people should ____________.(以礼相待)

(behave politely to each other)

4)make up(L.27)

invent

我正试图为迟到这么长时间编个好借口。

I was trying to make up a good excuse for being so late.Sometimes I'll read her a story from a book and sometimes ___________.(我自己编故事)

(I'll make one up)

5)come down in the world(L.29)

be reduced to a humbler standard of living or social level

你是否看过一片关于一个穷困潦倒的百万富翁电影？

Have you seen the movie about a millionaire who has come down in the world?

When they ______________, they moved to a flat in London.(开始落魄)

(started to come down in the world)

6)rouse(L.39)

v.cause a particular feeling or attitude to exist

汤姆决定不去激怒她。

Tom was determined not to rouse her to anger.The speaker attempted to ____________ with a cry for action.(激励人群)(rouse the crowd)

7)execute(L.46)

v.do or practice, esp.in a planned way

这个计划是不错的但是却实施得很差。

The plan was good but was poorly executed.Now that we have approval we may _________ as previously agreed.(实施这项计划)

(execute the plan)

8)find one’s way into(L.49)

arrive or get somewhere after some time

电脑已经进入许多普通家庭。

Computers have found their way into many ordinary families.Some of the rivers in the country ______________________.(流入太平洋)

(find their way into the Pacific Ocean)

9)relief(L.53)

n.the feeling that results from the easing or removing of pain, distress or anxiety

当得知汽车没有受损，真令人感到欣慰。

It is a relief to learn that the car was not damaged._____________, all the children arrived home, safe and sound.(让我们感到欣慰的是)

(Much to our relief)

10)spark(L.61)

v.be the cause of;lead to

组织者希望能激起年轻人的兴趣。

The organizers are hoping to spark some interest in young people.Winds brought down power lines, ___________.（引起了火灾）

(sparking a fire)

2.2.2 Sentence patterns

1）Typical patterns for emphasis:

原句: Dickens might have created Charlie Chaplin’s childhood.But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of “the Tramp”, the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame.(L.2-4)

狄更斯或许会创作出查理?卓别林的童年故事，但只有查理?卓别林才能塑造出了不起的喜剧角色“流浪者”，这个使其创作者声名永驻的衣衫褴褛的小人物。

句型提炼：

1.Sb.else might do/have done sth.But only sb.can do/could have done sth.else.别人或许会做某事，但只有某人才会做别的事。

应用：

其他作家或许会创作出关于伦敦的故事，但只有他才能塑造出“大卫”这样一个使其创作者声名永驻的人物。

Other writers might have written stories about London.But only he could have created the character David, who gave his creator permanent fame.2）Typical patterns for addition of sth.:

原句：His huge fame gave him the freedom ― and, more importantly, the money ― to be his own master.(L.35)

他的巨大名声为他带来了自由，更重要的是带来了财富，他因此得以成为自己的主人。

句型提炼：

Sth/Sb.… More importantly, sth./Sb.else…

某事??，更重要的是??

应用：

工作不仅是维持生计的方式，更重要的是人们可以通过工作展现自己的才能，实现自己的抱负，建立人际关系和奠定社会地位的途径。

Work is not only a means of sustaining life.More importantly, it is the way through which people display their talent, realize their ambitions, build relationships and establish social status.2.2.3 Difficult sentences

1)Certainly middle-class audiences did;the working-class audiences were more likely to clap for a character who revolted against authority, using his wicked little cane to trip it up, or aiming the heel of his boot for a well-placed kick at its broad rear.（L.11-14）

中产阶级当然这样认为；劳动阶级倒更有可能为这样一个反抗权势的角色拍手喝彩：他以顽皮的小拐杖使绊子，或把皮靴后跟对准权势者宽大的臀部一踢。

Meaning: There is no doubt that middle-class audiences thought so(Charlie Chaplin’s Tramp a little crude);this character was more popular among working-class audiences because he showed his discontent with people of authority by using his little cane to make them fall or by directing a kick at their rears.2）As Oona herself was the child of a large family with its own problems, she was well-prepared for the battle that Chaplin’s life became as unfounded rumors of Marxist sympathies surrounded them both―and, later on, she was the center of rest in the quarrels that Chaplin sometimes sparked in their own large family of talented children.（L.58-61）

由于沃娜本人出生在一个被各种麻烦困扰的大家庭，她对卓别林生活中将面临的挑战也做好了充分准备，因为当时有毫无根据的流言说他俩是马克思主义的同情者。后来在他们自己的有那么多天才孩子的大家庭中，卓别林有时会引发争吵，而她则成了安宁的中心。

Meaning: Oona had met with many problems in her own family before marrying, so she was able to deal with the problems in Chaplin’s life.For example, at that time, there were unfounded rumors that they sympathized with Marxism;when Chaplin caused quarrels in their large family with many talented children, it was Oona who solved such problems and brought peace back into the family.3.Post-reading

3.1 Useful expressions

1.使某人声名永驻

2.给予某人掌声和利益

concerned(L.6)

3.永久地离开了某地

4.不幸的是

5.为„„拍手喝彩

6.反抗

7.绊倒某人

8.把„„对准„„

9.仍然;仍旧

10.尽量推迟„„

11.落魄，潦倒

12.闻名世界

13.有意做某事

14.有一种„„的冲动

15.激起某人的想像

to give sb.permanent fame(L.4)to provide applause and profit where sb.is

to quit a place for good(L.7)

sad to say(L.11)

to clap for sth./sb.(L.13)

to revolt against sb.(L.13)

to trip sb.up(L.14)

to aim„ at„(L.14)

all the same(L.14)

to postpone„as long as possible(L.26)

to come down in the world(L.29)

to achieve world fame(L.31)

to do sth.on purpose(L.32)to have the urge to do sth.(L.36)

to rouse one’s imagination(L.39)

16.强烈需要„.to have a deep need to do sth.(L.47)

17.进入，来到（某处）„„

to find one’s way into„(L.49)

18.失去了对„„的信心

to lose one’s faith in sb./sth.(L.50)

19.与某人白头偕老

to walk into the sunset with sb.(L.51)

20.跨越年龄的差异

to span the age difference between„(L.55)

3.2 Summary of the text

Charlie Chaplin was born in London.However, he was much more popular in other countries than the land of his birth.Many English people considered Chaplin’s Tramp a little crude.However, in Modern Times in 1936, he made up a nonsense language with no known nationality and this helped to bring about his huge success.Chaplin was the kind of comic who used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along.The physical transformation of lifeless objects, plus his skill in acting became the secrets of Chaplin’s great comedy.Chaplin had a deep need to be loved and fortunately life eventually gave him stable happiness when he married Oona in 1942.3.3 Writing

3.4 Assignments

1)Finish all the exercises of Section A.2)Preview Section B, including reading skills.3)Writing:

Section B The Political Career of a Female Politician

1.Reading skill

1.1 Mixture of Fact and Opinion

As we learned in Unit 2, Book 1, Unit 3 and Unit 8, Book 2, and Unit 2, Book 3, developing the ability to read in a critical way involves the ability to distinguish between facts on the one hand and the writer’s opinion or interpretations on the other.It is always appreciated that we can keep facts and opinions apart, but writers often mix facts and opinions even within the same sentence, with some words representing facts and others representing opinions.1.2 Examples

Example 1:

But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of “The Tramp”, the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame.(Para.1, Reading Passage A, Unit 2)

Even though the words only, great, permanent state opinions, the sentence states many facts―Charlie Chaplin, created, comic character, the Tramp, the little man in rags.Even more important, the main point of the sentence is to state the fact that Charlie Chaplin created “The Tramp”, which brought him fame.Thus the sentence is basically factual.Example 2:

This physical transformation, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again, are surely the secrets of Chaplin’s great comedy.(Para.6, Reading Passage A, Unit 2)

Even though the words surely, secrets, great state opinions, the sentence states many facts―physical transformation, the skill he executed with, again and again.The sentence is basically factual as it deals with Charlie Chaplin’s skills in performance.1.3 Text reading

1)vote(L.4)

v.express one’s choice or opinion, esp.by officially marking a paper or by raising one’s hand or speking in a meeting

这位总统已经是第三次当选了。

The President has been voted in for the third time running.Have you decided ________________？（支持哪个党派）

(which party you will vote for)

2)spy…on(L.32)

watch secretly

你付了这个人多少钱来暗中监视你丈夫？

How much did you pay the man to spy on your husband?

He ____________ through this window without being seen.(监视他的邻居)

(spied on his neighbors)

3)shut …out of(L.33)

not include in an activity

她决定永远都不会让约翰进入她的生活。

She decided to shut John out of her life forever.Some leaders in that country were afraid of losing their power, so they tried everything to ____.(杜绝妇女进入政界)

(shut women out of politics)

4)have the upper hand(L.35)

have or get the advantage or control over sb.上半场结束时似乎意大利队占上风。

At half time, the Italian team seemed to have the upper hand.After hours of fierce negotiations, _____________.(总统占了上风)

(the president had the upper hand)

5)fierce(L.47)

a.strong and powerful

在上周激烈的战斗中有两百个士兵阵亡了。

Two hundred soldiers were killed during the fierce fighting last week.__________________________ as they fought their way into the mountain village.(他们遭遇猛烈的抵抗)

(They encountered fierce resistance)

6)break up(L.52)

(cause to)come to an end

警察到达时聚会已经结束了。

The party had already broken up when the police arrived.___________ because there was no love between them.(他们的婚姻结束了)

(Their marriage broke up)

7)witness(L.55)

vt.see sth.happen because one is there when it happens

二十世纪目睹了全世界的政治经济和文化的巨大变革。

The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural transformation.He _____________ and observed its growth and development at a crucial period in its history.(亲眼目睹了祖国的诞生)

(witnessed the birth of his country)

8)in earnest(L.58)

seriously and sincerely

她认真地承诺不会干涉我们的事。

He was in earnest in promising not to interfere in our business.Now I shall have to ______________________, keeping one chapter ahead of the students each week.（认真学英语）

(study English in earnest)

9)refresh(L.67)

vt.give new energy and strength to sb.在炎热的夏天喝一杯冰果汁会让人精神为之一振。

A glass of iced juice can be very refreshing on a hot summer day.Having had a good sleep, ______________.（他感到精神抖擞）

(he felt thoroughly refreshed)

10)deliver the goods(L.69)

fulfill a promise

他满口诺言，事实上却难得兑现。

He's full of promises but in fact he rarely delivers the goods.____________, they could well be looking for a new prime minister by next summer.(如果他不兑现诺言)

(If he fails to deliver the goods)

2.Revision

2.1 Multiple choice

1)If a ________ were to reach the gas it would go off at once.A)spot

B)spill

C)spark

D)spray

2)After about an hour and a half the party ______ because there was not enough wine that evening.A)broke off

B)broke away

C)broke up

D)broke through

3)House purchase is the biggest decision that most people make and the easiest one to _______ for various reasons.A)postpone

B)conduct

C)replace

D)last

4)Somewhat to my _______, the police will soon eliminate her from their inquiries.A)entertainment

B)judgment

C)relief

D)relaxation

5)The political weakness of these countries _________their economic weakness.A)compromised with

B)competed with

C)communicated to

D)corresponded to 6)A series of tragic _______ made Mr.Terres feel he has to face up to his life.A)accidents

B)incidents

C)events

D)occurrences

7)The foreign-born Chinese are thought of as yellow on the outside and white on the inside because they only look like Chinese but never think or ______ like Chinese.A)direct

B)accustom

C)adjust

D)behave

8)For many young people, the late 1960s was a period of _______ against the moral values that had been the pride of the past generations.A)revolt

B)rebel

C)chaos

D)challenge

9)I promised to_________ the others at 5 a.m.A)rouse

B)stimulate

C)motivate

D)prompt

10)Prisoners are reported to have been deliberately _______ without trial.A)murdered

B)convicted

C)executed

D)punished

11)This swimming costume is made of ______ material.A)elastic

B)clumsy

C)coarse

D)delicious

12)Two drivers were killed in a head-on ________ down a car and a taxi last night.A)collapse

B)conflict

C)collision

D)crush 13)A few shots of this drug cleared up the disease ______

A)for long

B)before long

C)ever since

D)for good

14)The citizens in the neighborhood all______for the local government's decision to close the small paint factory.A)claimed

B)cracked

C)clapped

D)crashed

15)The government attempts to put down the______ of the president's sex scandal.A)news

B)rumor

C)saying

D)proverb

16)The fact that we underestimated our ______ led to our bitter defeat.A)opponent

B)candidate

C)colleague

D)advocate

17)The girls were all _____ of Grace because she was so pretty, with beautiful hands and a face like a film-star's.A)greedy

B)controversial

C)competitive

D)jealous

18)The Watergate ______ was exposed by two investigative journalists working for the Washington Post.A)shame

B)conviction

C)rumor

D)scandal

19)Japanese banks, once _____ competitors in the British banking market, have all but disappeared.A)bold

B)fierce C)wild

D)harmful

20)5000 people held a protest march and_____ against sexual discrimination.A)rally

B)conjunction

C)episode

D)riot

21)A _____ broke out at the stadium when the home team lost 5-0.A)rebel

B)strike

C)violation

D)riot

22)It was the third time in three weeks that such ugly scenes had been _______ in London.A)endeavored

B)demonstrated

C)witnessed

D)judged

23)You may laugh at my idea but I'm in deadly _____.A)intensive

B)generous

C)earnest

D)voluntary

24)When I come back, I feel _____and many new ideas occur to me.A)renewed

B)recreated

C)reshaped

D)refreshed

25)According to the Centers for Disease Control, women will soon _____ 80 percent of those diagnosed with HIV.A)make up

B)build up

C)stand for

D)conform to

26)She ______the knives and forks at the lunch table.A)laid up

B)laid off

C)laid down

D)laid out

27)________some other low-income countries in Africa, most children here do eventually get to primary school and stay there for a few years.A)Contrary to

B)In regard to C)In contrast to

D)With respect to

28)Seven hundred thousand tons of ______ oil has poured out of the damaged tanker into the sea.A)raw

B)rough

C)crude

D)tough

29)Fertile soil helps Canada________ among the world's leading wheat producers.A)rank

B)occupy

C)arrange

D)classify

30)The film producer sent him the ______ and assured him there was no question of him appearing on stage in the role.A)scrape

B)catalog

C)category

D)script

2.2 Error correction

1)If I knew that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.A

B

C

D

(A.had known)

2)Whenever I see someone having a drink in a TV programme, I feel like to have a drink myself and

A

B

C

it's the same with cigarettes and food.D

(C.having)

3)Before the 1950s, ships sinking in the Triangle were in some degree common occurrences.A

B

C

D

(C.to)

4)Awaiting her husband at the airport, she couldn't help but to smile to herself.A

B

C

D

(D.smile)

5)Despite of the high divorce rate in the United States, young men and women continue to marry on

A

B

C

the basis of romantic love.D

(A.Despite)

2.3 Text extension

Discussion: Is it possible for a woman to become a successful politician?

3.Assignments

1)Finish all the exercises of Section B

2)Read the article of Section C and finish the related exercises.

第五篇：全新版大学英语(第二版)第一册第二单元短语总结

Unit 2 Book 2Useful expressions

Overview:

1.Friendship is a topic close to all our hearts.2.the source of our happiest moments

3.occasionally: now and then

4.take sth too much for granted

5.fail to keep sth in good repair

6.illustrate sth through a tale of sth

7.the lasting regret

8.let sb know how much sb mean to us

9.see the power of sth displayed more in actions than in words

10.unfold a tale of courage and endurance

11.fight to save one’s life

12.vividly reflect the power of sth

13.provide food for thought

14.when it comes to sth

15.what our friends mean to us

16.a fair-weather friend

17.A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when

it begins to rain.Text A

18.make an effort to keep in touch

19.put off: delay: postponedoing

20.plenty of time

21.leave sth too late

22.reach for the pen: put pen to paper: start to write

23.cabbie: taxi driver: cab driver

24.taxicab=taxi=cab

25.all sb had=all that sb had=what sb had

26.be lost in sth=be absorbed in sth=be immersed in sth=be fully occupied with sth

27.tap on the windshield

28.get one’s attention=catch one’s eyecf.eye-catching

29.Is your cab available?

30.look up at sb

31.say sth to sb apologetically

32.settle into the back seat

33.He sounded as if he had a cold or something.34.or something/somebody/somewhere

35.He was an artist or something.36.He was my uncle or somebody.37.I left it on the desk or somewhere.38.I’m in no hurry.39.go ahead and do sth

40.know sth by heart=learn sth by heartcf.learn sth by rote

41.Letters from home always mean a lot.42.I am on the road so much.43.Estimating that…, I guessed sth.44.Come to think of it, it might just as well be…

45.may well do= be likely to do

46.used to do

47.I’m not much of a..: I’m not a good…

48.She is a good hand at making bread.她是做面包的能手。

49.She is a good hand at transplanting rice.她是插秧能手。

50.keep up our correspondence too well

51.take it that…

52.practically: almost

53.all the way through high school

54.grade school: primary school

55.I hadn’t seen him more than once or twice a year over the past 25 or 30 years because I moved

away from the old neighborhood and you kind of lose touch even though you never forget.56.Died a couple of weeks ago

57.It’s no fun to lose any friend — and losing a real old one is even tougher.58.ride on in silence for a few minutes.59.I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spoke again, almost more to himself than

to me.60.The problem has been a weight on my mind.61.on one’s mind: 挂念着；担心着；惦念着；压在某人心头

62.in one’s mind: in one’s opinione.g.In my mind, he will succeed.63.in one’s mind’s eye: 在sb的心目中

64.should have kept in touch

65.We should all keep in touch with old friends more than we do.But things come up and we

just don’t seem to find the time?66.shrug 耸肩

If you shrug something off, you ignore it or treat it as if it is not really important or serious.对…不予理睬

例：He shrugged off the criticism.他对批评不予理睬。

67.sth be mentioned in sw

68.hand sth over to sb

69.That’s pretty personal.70.urge sb to do sth

71.be written in pencil

72.remind sb of sth

73.I’ve been meaning to write for some time, but I’ve always postponed it.74.the good times they had had together when they both lived in the same neighborhood

75.It had references to things that probably meant something to the driver.76.keep us after school

77.There aren’t many of us left.There are fewer and fewer still around.78.go to a class reunion

79.Time goes by

80.work at the same place

81.hang out on the same corner when we(were)single.82.every now and then

83.But for the last 20 or 30 years it’s been mostly just Christmas cards.Of course there’d be

always a note we’d each add to the cards — usually some news about …

84.Your friendship over the years has meant an awful lot to me, more than I can say because I’m

not good at saying things like that.85.I found myself nodding in agreement.86.That must have made you feel good, didn’t it?

87.sb said something that I couldn’t understand because he seemed to be all choked up

88.get close to our destination

89.skip to sw

90.Enjoyed talking with you

91.take my suitcase out of the cab

92.sth be signed sthsth上面签的名字是sth（The letter was signed Tom）

93.It’s a letter I wrote to him before I knew he’d died.So I never mailed it.94.sb looked sort of sorrowful, or as if he were trying to see something in the distance.95.unpack right away

Vocabulary & Translation exe

96.stand absolutely still

97.make your own kite using directions available in books

98.walk steadily north

99.check her direction

100.trade unions

101.invest more money in staff training

102.As a sailing ship has a destination, so we must have a definite goal in our life.You could refer to this as “fake it till you make it,” but I think it’s more accurate to say,“As within, so without.” 你可以称它为“假想直到拥有”，但我认为这样说更准确，“因为源于内心,所以显于外部”。

103.engineering constructions

104.at the disco

105.break into a house

106.have a family reunion

107.accept the invitation

108.reduce life expectancy by around 12 years on average

109.go ahead with sth

110.hold a class reunion

111.be anxious about sth

112.the sight of sth leave sb upset

113.be choked up by sth

114.accomplish the project on time

115.equip the new hospital

116.be estimated at $2 million

117.passengers were held up

118.reference books on computer science

119.skip from A to B

120.understand what they are expected to do

121.focus on sth

122.make reference to sb: 参看，参考；提及，涉及，说到

123.keep pace with the growing demand for sth

124.have a fine reputation for being an old hand at doing sth

125.collect sea-shells on the beach

126.gather wild fruit in the woods

127.A arouse one’s interest in B

128.IT: information technology

129.one’s devotion to sthcf.sb be devoted to doing sth

130.make a deep impression on sb

131.offer me their congratulations on my good record

132.value his friendship with sb

133.paint the ceiling

134.save a child from drowning

135.sth make me choked up

136.practically all our life

137.All my available time is taken up driving the cab.138.I’m on the go all day.139.get round to sth: find time to do sth

140.Whoever says you should never put off till tomorrow what you can do today is absolutely

right.141.was not expected to live for long

142.get the money to make the trip

143.work as a truck driver his entire life

144.manage to have some savings

145.with embarrassment

146.walk the mile to the filling station

147.trust me for the phone call to California

148.go off to college

149.lose touch with sb

150.pull out two pieces of paper

151.the paper read sth: the paper said sth

152.go along with sb: follow sbcf.get along with sb

153.a signed check with an attached message

154.Since I graduated from sw: since my graduation from sw

155.This is certainly true in my case.156.in future 今后cf.in the future在未来