admas错误改正方法（共5则范文）

第一篇：admas错误改正方法（共）

导致矩阵异常的因素主要是Jacobian矩阵不可逆或者是模型中一些枢轴很小或为零。分析其本质原因：模型错误，如模型中零件的质量或者转动惯量为零，通常无质量的物体不受系统约束；该系统处于锁定状态；一个较大的力或力矩发生突变；如果积分器中选用了I3格式，则有可能是积分步长太小。

在这个时候你可以尝试以下几种办法：

首先应该确认建模过程中是否存在错误；使用别的积分器或者积分格式；放宽积分器误差范围；再次检测一下模型，以保证所有的加速度、力、力矩的数值均合理；使用LSOLVER/HARWELL以启动稀疏矩阵软件包进行分析。

其实基本上99%的仿真失败都可以这样排除：

首先：看看所有的part是不是有质量，质量对不对，单位对不对，所有的约束加得对不对，这一步检查完，排除错误后，基本上80%的模型可以仿真成功。如果还仿真不成功，就要调试求解器，比如换个求解器试试，或者，调求解参数，一般，把最大几分步长Hmax调小些试试，或者把误差调大写试试，反复试。

第二篇：错误解析改正后文章

(一)审题错误

Taibai Mountain is a famous place of interest in Shaanxi Province.It has its special scenes all the year round, and spring is the best time to visit it.When spring comes, the mountains are covered with a great many green tall trees and all kinds of colorful wild flowers.It is so beautiful that a lot of visitors come here and enjoy its beauty every day.But a few years ago, some of the visitors paid no attention to protecting the environment.They used to throw lots of rubbish such as plastic bags, fruit skins and waste paper on the ground.Sometimes they broke some branches, picked flowers and even killed birds.Some even made fires in the forest to cook food.How dangerous it was!Luckily enough, the local government has begun to do something to stop polluting the area.Great changes have taken place here.(二)文体格式错误

Monday, March12th, 2007Sunny

It is March 12th today.At half past eight, all the teachers and students in our school gathered in front of the school gate.Then we went on foot to the Western Hill to plant trees.Before we started working, the teacher gave us a talk on the importance of planting trees.He said that trees can help to keep the air clean, protect us from strong wind and sand and make our city more beautiful.Then he showed us how to plant trees and asked each of us to plant at least five trees.After that we started working.Some strong boys dug holes, some carried water and some girls put trees in the holes.We all worked hard.Among us, Lin Tao, our monitor set a good example to us.Though he was ill, he worked harder.When he finished his task, he went on to help others.He was wet all over after work.Looking at the lines of the young trees, we smiled happily.(三)人称和时态误用

The computer — a high-tech product, has become so popular that it is seen in almost every family.It is playing an important role in our everyday life.The computer helps us handle many matters: official business, chat online, study, sending e-mails, long-distance education and entertainment such as listening to music and watching video.But we also know that the computer is bad for our eyes, especially for the young kids’.Now there are more and more children who have to wear glasses in order to see clearly.Many children become near-sighted, and they are doing worse and worse in their studies because they spend too much time playing computer games.So if you want to have beautiful and bright eyes and gain some useful knowledge when you are young, the most important thing you will do is to plan your time carefully and well.Only in this way can you have a bright future.(四)句型结构、固定搭配错误

Smoking is harmful to health

It is known to all that smoking is bad for health.In China there are millions of smokers.Each year millions of people die from smoking.Smoking makes many people ill.Those who often smoke have black teeth.Lots of smokers cough day and night.Lung cancer is one of the most serious illnesses that are caused by smoking.Many people suffer from this terrible disease and lose their lives.Smoking does harm not only to smokers themselves, but also to non-smokers, especially women and children.They may have their health harmed because of the smoke caused by cigarettes.Everyone agrees that smoking is not good for health, but it is not easy for smokers to give up smoking.I hope all the smokers will stop smoking for the good of their own health and also for the people around them.Let’s enjoy clean and fresh air together.(五)词汇使用错误

Dear Li Xiaoli,I’m glad to receive your e-mail.I’ve showed it to my friends.Every one of us thinks China is one of the greatest countries.We’ve known much about your country for years, but we have no chance to go there.We often watch the Great Wall and beautiful Beijing on TV.So I think China is worth visiting.I bought a book on China and study it when I’m free.I hope I can visit your country one day, and I also hope you can visit our country sometime in the future.Truly yours,Mary Baker

(六)汉式英语

We keep a lovely small cat at home.My family are always happy because of her.I went to the store to buy some food for her yesterday evening.Unluckily, there was a heavy rain on my way home.When I got home, I was wet through.Although I was wet, I was very happy.Anyway, the cat would not be hungry.

第三篇：语言学习中的错误改正

语言学习中的错误改正来源：英语毕业论文 http:///

数学语言是数学思想的表现形式,是进行数学思维和数学交流的工具。

斯托利亚尔曾指出“:数学教学也就是数学语言的教学。”学生学习数学的过程,就是将代表数学知识、数学思想的数学语言内化为自己头脑中的数学认知结构的过程。因此,学生对数学语言的理解、掌握和运用将直接影响他的数学学习。

由于中学生(尤其是差生)在数学语言的学习中存在不少错误和障碍,要提高中学的数学教学质量,教师就应当对这些错误和障碍进行分析和研究,找出产生的原因,在教学中加以改进。数学语言一般可分为3部分:数学文字语言、数学符号语言和数学图形语言。本文将对中学生在数学语言学习中常见的一些错误和障碍从以下3方面进行分析。

1、数学文字语言学习中的常见错误数学中的许多概念和定理是用文字语言来表述的,这里所指的文字语言与人们日常生活中的自然语言是有区别的,它是经过提炼和加工,具有高度的概括性和严谨性的文字语言,故称为数学文字语言。例如圆的定义是“:到定点的距离等于定长的点的集合。”又如判定两个三角形全等的公理“:有三边对应相等的两个三角形全等。”中学生在数学文字语言的学习中,常忽视某些字、词、句,造成对概念和定理的错误理解。学习习近平行四边形的判定定理“:一组对边平行且相等的四边形是平行四边形”时,有的学生常忽视“且”字,认为1个字无关紧要,可有可无,因此出现这样的错误,将定理理解为“:一组对边平行,一组对边相等的四边形是平行四边

形”。学生为何会忽略“且”字,心理学的理论认为,当人们对某个事物(称为刺激物)进行感知时,刺激物中各部分的条件有强有弱,其中强的部分所产生的效果几乎等价于整个刺激物所引起的效果,而弱的部分被强的部分所掩蔽,似乎不起独立作用,故而常常被人们忽视。

在上述定理中“,平行”、“相等”的条件很强,因此,学生的注意往往集中在这个强的条件上,而“且”字条件较弱,不易引起学生的注意。此时,教师应根据这一情况,指出,定理中的“且”字是强调平行的这一组对边“同时”还要相等,如果去掉“且”字,就有可能是“这一组对边平行,而另一组对边相等”。根据这样的条件作出的四边形就不一定是平行四边形,这样就加深了学生对这样的关键词的理解。学生在理解数学概念或定理时,常常停留在表面形式上。学生学习了奇函数,偶函数的定义“:如果对于函数定义域内任意一个x,都有f(-x)= f(x),那么函数f(x)就叫奇函数”“;如果对于定义域内任意一个x,都有f(-x)=f(x),那么函数就叫偶函数”。

要求学生根据定义判断函数f(x)=3 x2,x∈[-1,1)的奇偶性时,往往许多学生只是形式地得出于f(-x)=3(-x)2=3 x=f(x),而错误地断定该函数是偶函数。原因是他们仅注意到定义的表面形式f(-x)=f(x),而没有准确理解定义的深刻内涵。定义中的“对定义域内任意一个x,都有f(-x)=-f(x)“或”f(-x)=f(x)“隐含着奇、偶函数的定义域应满足的条件是在X轴上是关于原点为对称的数集。而该题的定义域为[-1,1),形式上虽有f(-x)=f(x),但注意到x的任意性,当x=-1时,-x=1|[-1,1),故f(1)无意义,因此f(-1)=f(1)不成立,故此函数应当是非奇非偶函数。由于学生没有认识到定义隐含的条件,因而在判断函数的奇偶性时,常犯形式主义的错误。

因此教师要引导学生对定义进行深入的剖析,注意挖掘其隐含条件,做到对概念的准确理解。

2、数学符号语言学习中常见的错误数学语言的一个显著特点是使用符号,如数字、字母、运算符号和关系符号等,称为数学符号语言(以下简称为符号语言)。符号语言的使用,使得数学语言具有高度的概括性和精确性,同时被抽象的数学概念和法则形式化。

例如,乘法分配律可用形式a(b+c)=ab+ac 表示。分式的基本性质,可用形式AB=A×MB×M;AB=A÷MB÷M(其中M是不等于零的整式)来表示。由于使用数学符号来表示文字语言中用词组或句子表示的概念和法则,因此,不少中学生对于抽象的符号语言的理解存在许多障碍和困难,使得他们不能正确地掌握、灵活地使用这些符号所代表的数学内容。学生进入初中后,开始学习有理数的概念,教科书上规定“像5,115,1012,8 848等大于0的数,叫做正数。

像-5,-115,-1012,-155等在正数前面加上‘-’(读作负)号的数,叫做负数。”随着字母的引入,学生对字母代替数的任意性认识不够,仍停留在对具体、直观的数字的认识阶段,由于思维定势的作用,错误地认为字母“a”前面没有负号因此是正数,而“-a”的前面有负号因此是负数,故初一的学生常犯下列错误:a+b>a-b,3 a>a,|a|=a,|-a|=a,a2=a要避免以上错误的产生,教师从初一就要注意逐步培养学生思维的抽象性,使学生的运算能力从数的运算提高到对代数式的运算。学生在学习新知识时,如果新知识与旧知识在内容或结构上相似但实质不相同时,学生头脑中的原有知识容易先入为主,新知识常被理解为原有知识,被原有知识取代,从而出现负迁移,这样的负迁移也影响了学生对一些公式或法则的理解。

学生常犯以下错误:sin(A+B)=sinA+sinB lg(A+B)=lg A+lg B。产生上述错误的原因在于学生把sin(A+B),lg(A+B)与先前学习的乘法分配律a(b+c)=ab+ac作形式上的类比,将sin,lg运算符号误认为是数量符号,从而用对乘法分配律的认识来理解后面所学的知识。要防止以上负迁移的产生,就需要教

师在遇到类似情况时,强调新旧知识的差异,从正、反两方面给出例证,使学生清楚地认识到新知识与旧知识不同的地方,从而正确理解各种数学符号的含义。

3、数学图形语言学习中的常见错误和障碍数学研究中的许多数学对象,数学性质都可以用图形或图象表示,称其为数学图形语言。这是1种视觉语言,可以为数学对象、数学质提供直观的模型。例如实数集可用数轴来表示,函数的一些性质可以通过函数图象看出来。中学生在图形语言学习中,将文字或符号语言转化为图形语言时,常出现错误和障碍。

已知等腰三角形的底角等于15°,腰长为a,求腰上的高。图1有的学生作△ABC,∠B=15°,AB=AC=a后,将题目要求的高作成AD,如图1所示,而没有作出腰上的高,当老师问及原因时,这些学生认为,只有这条边(指BC)上能作出高,其它边上的高作不出来,因此题目要求的当然是AD。为何学生作不出两腰上的高呢?原因是由于学生平时在几何学习中经常看到的是锐角三角形,锐角三角形三条边上的高都在三角图形的内部,高的垂足都在三条边上,因此,学生被这些表面现象所迷惑,将这些非本质特征误作为三角形的高的特征。

当三角形是钝角三角形时,只有钝角所对的边上的高在三角形的内部,而从其余个锐角的顶点向所对的边作垂线时,垂足都落在对边的延长线上,垂线位于三角形的外部,因此学生认为两腰上的高没法作。如果在学习三角形的高的概念图时,采用变式图形,通过各种三角形将高的特征突出,就可以避免出现这样的错误了。

中学生在将图形语言转化为文字语言或符号语言时,由于观察不全面或概括不准确,也会出现错误。教师在“弦切角”的概念教学中,先出示弦切角的各种图形,如图2所示,让学生观察后概括这些角的特点,往往学生概括为“弦与切线所成的角”,或“割线与切线所成的角”,原因是图形中,角的“两条边”这

个条件很强,将角的“顶点”这一较弱的条件掩蔽,因此学生容易注意到角的两边而忽视角的顶点。

为此,教师可以通过图3中的∠A′B′C′与图(2)中的角对比,找出两者的差异在于图2中∠ABC的顶点在切点,而图3中∠A′B′C′的顶点不在切点,指出学生概括的漏洞,引导学生逐步抽象出弦切角的定义,同时也培养了学生全面观察问题和抽象概括的能力。

综上所述,教师分析研究中学生数学语言学习中的错误和障碍,帮助他们加以克服,将使学生加深对数学概念的理解,有助于对数学知识的掌握和应用,促进学生的数学学习,也必然有助于数学教学质量的提高。

第四篇：写作常见错误总汇及改正建议

【附错误归类及修改建议】

1.We college students had enough time to take a part-time job, no matter how busy we were.2.There are so many countries using English that it had been regarded as an international language.3.The eating habit of Chinese people have changed in the past decade.4.Now fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere when it is in season.5.I can solve our problem of tuition and fees by taking some part-time jobs.6.Without television, people can’t get information that comes from other parts of the world immediately.7.At the age of six, my father began to give me English lessons.8.To improve one’s writing skill, regular practice is necessary.9.With the computer, one can do shopping, banking and read at home.10.Nowadays, people not only eat enough food, but also eat better.11.Participating in sports is good for our physical health, and through it we can also train our character.12.Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden the have to bear.13.Someone believes that the teacher’s task is to students knowledge, which may not be true.14.People have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials, but it often proves useless.15.While we reduce the number of vehicles, the speed of traffic can be increased.16.Each of us may take a part-time job to help support ourselves, but if you spend too much time on it, your study will be affected.17.TV presents us with many useful informations.18.Making our cities greener is not an easy work.19.Each people has his own opportunities.20.Book knowledge is important, but we should learn something in the society.21.When I was in the high school, I always have a beautiful picture of the college life.22.If there were no electric power, we would have to do everything by the hands.23.If there were no electric power, factory would stop producing goods, car, bus and train would stop running.24.TV now plays and important role in our daily life, Because we think it extremely important.25.There are many ways to contact with society.For example, join in clubs, take part-time jobs and help the poor.26.If no electricity, all activities such as watching TV and seeing movies will be impossible.27.Because some college students could not find a better job, so they decided to continue to read for second degree.28.Although an opportunity is rare, but we must be ready to seize it.29.We students should learn / study as much knowledge as possible.30.With a rise in he number of cars and buses, traffic in Shanghai has become more and more crowded.31.People begin to eat more vice food.32.Actually, traffic jams have effected our daily life.33.In my opinion, I believe the present educational system is in need of reform.34.The reason why people choose to live in the country is because there is no pollution nor noise there.35.After four years, we all graduated from college and entered society.36.Many college students have a strong desire to be independent on their parents.37.The computer like TV, it has both advantages and disadvantages.38.Obviously, our country would stop develop if no electricity.39.Riding bicycles conveniences my work.40.Unlike movies, TV shows on continuously, and doesn’t need to pay an extra money.41.Too easy or to difficult is no good for us.42.College students doing part-time jobs is god to his family, himself, and the whole society.43.The canteen should setup several televisions.44.Reading books can acquire knowledge.45.People think go to the movie will cost a lot of money.46.There are many people take part in sports and games now.47.There are many people complain the paper-making mill pollute our fresh water can by people use.48.Although difficulty is exist, but we can overcome it.49.We should put our heart into the study.50.We young people are now living in sugar water.51.In a society where men are heavy and women are light, women cannot enjoy full equality.52.People set off firecrackers to congratulate the red and white happy things.53.We should advocate five talks and four beauties.54.Those are my humble opinions.【错误归类及修改建议】

（一）主干性错误

时态：1，2

1.We college students we are.2.There are so many countries using English that itbeen regarded as an

international language.语态：15

15.While theof traffic should be

increased.句子成分：25，26，38，39，41，42，43，44，45，46，47，48

25.There are many ways to contact with society.For example, join in clubs,take part-time jobs, or help the poor.26.Ifno electricity, all activities,be impossible.38.Obviously, our country would stop 39.It is convenient for me to go working by bicycles.41.no good for us.42.Collegedoing part-time jobs is good to himself, his family and the whole

society.43.Several televisions should be setup in the canteen.44.45.People think going to movies will cost a lot of money.46.There are many peoplepart in sports and games now.47.There are many people complain the paper-making mill our fresh

water 48.Although difficulties exist, we can overcome them.主干搭配：30，34，40，30.With a rise in the number of cars and buses, in Shanghai 34.The reason why people choose to live in the country is that there is neither

pollution nor noise there.40.Unlike movies, TV shows on continuously, and the viewers don’t need to pay an

extra money.（二）细节性错误

代词（指代明确）：12，13，14，12.Sometimes（如此一来，句中的they就明确的指向了students）

13.Someone believes that a teacher’s task is to give students knowledge,which may not be true.（如此一来，which明确的指向前文的整句含义）

14.People have been fighting against the influence the influence of TV commercials,butoften proves useless.（it指代不明确，换成the effort便可以明确的指代前文中所言的斗争）

名词（泛指，特指）：20，21，22，23

20.It is important for us to acquire knowledge from books, but we should also learn

something from（不需要the）

21.When I was in a high school, I always had a beautiful picture of college life.22.If there were no electric power, we would have to do everything 23.If there were no electric power,would stop producing goods, buses and trains would stop running.用词（准确性）：17，18，19，29，31，32，33，35，36，37，17.TV presents us withuseful（分清可数名词和不可数名词）

18.Making our city greener is not an easy（分清抽象名词和具体名词）

19.Each（分清个体和集体概念）

29.31.32.33.We students shouldas much knowledge as possible.People begin to have more non-staple food.Actually, traffic jams have（注意区分形似词）In my opinion, the present educational system is in need of reform.（不必重复）

35.Four years , we all graduated from college and entered society.36.Many college students have a strong desire totheir children.37.Like TV, a computer has both advantages and disadvantages.修饰成分：6，7，8，6.Without a television, people cannot immediately get information that comes from

other parts of the world.7.At my age of six, I was taught English by my father.8.To improve one’s writing skill, he needs regular practice.（三）逻辑性错误

逻辑缺失：23，23.If there were no electric power,would stop producing goods,would stop running.逻辑冗余：27，28，48

27.Because some college students cannot find satisfactory jobs, they decide to

continue their schooling for second degree.28.Although opportunities are rare, we must be ready to seize them.48.Although difficulties exist, we can overcome them.逻辑不成立：24

24.TV now plays an important role in our daily life, insight into the alien world without it.（四）一致性错误

主谓一致：2，3

2.There are so many countries using English that itbeen regarded as an

international language.3.The diet of Chinese peoplechanged in the past decade.句中指代一致：4，5，16

4.Now fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere whenin season.5.I can solveproblem of tuition and fees by taking 16.Each of us may take a part-time job to help support himself, but if he spends too

much time on it,平行结构前后一致：9，10，11，15，20

9.With a computer, one can do shopping, banking and

10.Nowadays, people have.11.Participating in sports is good for p.15.While the number of vehicles is reduced, the efficiency of traffic should be

increased.20.It is important for us to acquire knowledge from books, but we should also learn

something from.（整句前后要平行）

（五）荒谬、无聊、不可思议的错误

49，50，51，52，53，54

49.We.50.We young people are now leading a sweet life.51.In a society equality.52.Firecrackers are often set off

53.We should advocate 54.Those are my opinion.

第五篇：改正下列各句中错误的标点

改正下列各句中错误的标点。

1．教室里有五、六个人。

2．每逢三五日，她都要去赶集，在农贸市场上总能看到她采购时讨价还价的身影。

3．语文课本第三册四五单元是小说，同学们学习得很有兴趣。

4．小河对岸三、四里外是浅山，好似细浪微波，线条柔和，宛延起伏，连接着高高的远山。

5．语言，人们用来抒情达意，文字，人们用来记言记事。6．张华考上了北京大学；李萍进了中等技术学校。

7．他身体很高，青白脸色，皱纹间时常夹些伤痕，一部乱蓬蓬的花白胡子。8．如果我们党不知道在一定时期中同资产阶级联合，党就不能前进；革命就不能发展；如果我们党不知道在联合资产阶级时同资产阶级进行坚决的、严肃的“和平”斗争，党在思想上、政治上、组织上就会瓦解；革命就会失败；又如果我们党被迫着同资产阶级分裂时不同资产阶级进行坚决的、严肃的武装斗争，同样党也会瓦解；革命也就会失败。

9．夏普以独创的技术，开发了两面自动播放唱机；夏普为您——音乐爱好者，提供循环放音的两面自动播放。10．今天是哪个组做值日。

11．你这样，不是明目张胆的欺人吗。

12．为什么语言要学，并且要用很大气力去学呢，因为语言这东西，不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。13．我可以看这本书吗？老师。

14．什么时候动身？从哪儿上车？我都打听好了。

15．他犹豫不决，自言自语道：“是去好呢？还是不去好呢？” 16．“先生，“怪哉”这虫，是怎么一回事？”

17．鲁迅先生曾说：“联合战线是以有共同的目的为必要条件的”。

18．鲁迅先生说的“联合战线是以有共同的目的为必要条件的，”是一条非常重要的原则。19．我们搞联合，要以鲁迅先生说的“联合战线是以有共同的目的为必要条件的”，这句话作为原则。

20．毛主席在《延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》中说：“„联合战线是以有共同的目的为必要条件的‟。”

21．某某说：“鲁迅先生确是一位伟人，是他提出的„联合战线是以有共同的目的为必要条件的。‟” 22．某某说：“我们要以鲁迅先生说的„联合战线是以有共同的目的为必要条件的‟，话为原则来进行联合。”

23．鲁迅先生曾说：“联合战线是以有共同的目的为必要条件的。（《对左翼作家联盟的意见》）”

24．鲁迅先生说的“联合战线是以有共同的目的为必要条件的”，（《对左翼作家联盟的意见》）是一条非常重要的原则。

25．我们搞联合，要以鲁迅说的“联合战线是以有共同的目的为必要条件的”这句话作为原则。（《对左翼作家联盟的意见》）

26．今天晚会上有如下节目——舞蹈、独唱、二重唱、相声和杂技。

27．这次职工代表大会有三项议程——审议奖惩条例，通过三年规划，选举职工代表会理事。

28．我国的四大发明：火药、印刷术、指南针、造纸术对世界历史的发展有伟大贡献。

29．胡适的学术活动的终极目的，就是在替中国人民的敌人：帝国主义、封建军阀、买办资产阶级起帮凶作用。

30．蝉的幼虫初次出现于地面，需要寻求适当的地点——矮树、篱笆、野草、灌木枝等脱掉身上的皮。

31．自高自大，个人英雄主义，风头主义……，在党内不少同志的思想意识中还是或多或少地存在着。

32．他自已说：“因为从旧垒中来，情形看得较为分明，反戈一击，易制强敌的死命”（《坟》：《写在〈坟〉的后面》）。

33．以《清晨》为题写一篇记叙文，不得少于600字。34．我读了《〈呐喊〉自序》这篇文章，感想颇多，这些感想后来变成了那篇习作“梦”。

3曹植聪慧

曹植年十余岁，诵读《诗》、《论》及辞赋数十万言，善属文。太祖尝视其文，谓植曰：“汝请人邪？”植跪曰：“言出为论，下笔成章，顾当面试。奈何请人？”时邺笔立成，可观。太祖甚异之。

【思考与练习】

1、解释：①顾

②悉

③将 ④诸

⑤援

2、翻译：善属文

； ②奈何请人

； ③太祖甚异之

3、理解：“可观”的意思是什么？

4、默写《七步诗》。

4鲍子难客

齐田氏祖于庭，食客千人。有献鱼、雁者，田氏视之，乃吧曰：“天之于民厚矣！殖五谷，生鱼鸟，以为之用。”众客和之。有鲍氏之子，年十二，亦在坐，进曰：“不如君言。天地万物与我并生，类也。类无贵贱，徒以小大智力而相制，彼此相食，非相为而生。人取可食者食之，岂天本为人生之？且蚊蚋囋肤，虎狼食肉，非天本为蚊蚋生人、虎狼生肉者也！”

【思考与练习】

1、解释：①和

②亦

③并

④类

2、翻译：①天之于民厚矣 ②不如君言

③徒以小大智力而相制

3、题目“鲍子难客”中的“难”，解释为。

5、曹绍夔捉“怪”

洛阳有僧，房中有罄，日夜辄自鸣。僧以为怪，惧而成疾。求术士百方禁之，终不能已。绍夔与僧善，来问疾，僧俱以告，俄，击斋钟，罄复作声。绍夔笑曰：“明日可设盛馔，当为除之。”僧虽不信绍夔言，然冀其有效，乃具馔以待之。夔食讫，出怀中锉，锉罄数处，其响遂绝。僧苦问其所以，绍夔云：“此罄与钟律合，击彼此应。”僧大喜，其疾亦愈。

【思考与练习】

1、解释：①已

②善

③俄

④作 ⑤盛馔

⑥冀

⑦具

⑧讫

2、翻译：①僧俱以告 ②当为除之 ③僧苦问其所以

6、杨亿巧对

寇莱公在中书。与同事戏作对子：“水底日为天上日”，未有对，而会杨大年适来白事，因请其对，大年应声曰：“眼中人是面前人。”一坐称为好对。

【思考与练习】

1、解释：①为

②应声

2、翻译：会杨大年适来白事

3、理解：杨大年对的对子好在哪里？

7、解缙敏对

解缙尝从游内苑。上登桥，问缙：“当作何语？”对曰：“此谓后边又高似前边。”上大说。一日，上谓缙曰：“卿知宫中夜来有喜乎？可作一诗。”缙方吟曰：“君王昨夜降金龙。”上遽曰：“是女儿。”即应曰：“化作嫦娥下九重。”上曰：“已死矣。”

又曰：“料是世间留不住。”上曰：“已投之水矣。”又曰：“翻身跳入水晶宫。”上本欲诡言以困之。既得诗，深叹其敏。

【思考与练习】

1、解释：①对

②说 ③方

④遽

⑤应 ⑥既

⑦敏

2、翻译：上本欲诡言以困之。

3、理解：“降金龙”的意思是

（二）学习

8、承宫樵薪苦学

承宫，琅邪姑幕人。少孤，年八岁，为人牧猪。乡里徐子盛明《春秋》经，授诸生数百人。宫过其庐下，见诸生讲诵，好之，因忘其猪而听经。猪主怪其不还，求索。见而欲笞之。门下生共禁，乃止。因留宫门下。樵薪执苦，数十年间，遂通其经。

【思考与练习】

1、解释：①孤

②明

③庐

④笞

2、翻译：①猪主怪其不还，行求索。

9、桓荣勤学不倦

桓荣初遭仓卒，与族人桓元卿同饥厄，而荣讲诵不息，元卿嗤荣曰：“但自苦气力，何时复施用乎？”荣笑而不应。及为太常，元卿吧曰：“我农家子，岂意学之为利若是哉！”

【思考与练习】

1、解释：①初

②厄

③嗤

④应

⑤及

2、翻译：①而荣讲诵不息

②但自苦气力，何时复施用乎？

10、宋太宗学书

太宗朝有王著者右军书，深得其法，侍书翰林。帝听政之余，留心书法，数遣内侍持书示著，著每以为未善，太宗遂刻意临学。又以问著，对如初。或询其意，著曰：“书固佳矣，若遽称善，恐帝不复用意矣。”其后，帝笔法精绝，超越前古，世以为由著之规益也。

【思考与练习】

1、解释：①善

②刻意

③临 ④或

⑤遽

⑥绝

2、翻译：①数遣内侍持书示著 ②又以问著 ③书固佳矣

3、上文“学右军书”中的“右军”是指

11、崔景偁拜师

余始识景偁于京师，与为友，景偁以兄事余。既数岁，已而北面承贽，请为弟子。余愧谢，不获。且曰：“偁之从先生，非发策决科之谓也。先生不为世俗之文，又不为世俗之人，某则愿庶几焉。

【思考与练习】

1、解释：①既

②弟子

③从

2、翻译：①余愧谢，不获 ②某则愿庶几焉

3、上文有四个“为”，请依次作解释：①

② ③

④

12、为人大须学问 唐太宗谓房玄龄曰：“为人大须学问。朕向为群凶未定，东西征讨，躬亲戎事，不暇读书。比来四海安静，身处殿堂，不能自执书卷，使人读而听之。君臣父子，政教之道，共在书内。古人云'不学业，墙面，莅事惟烦。’不徒言也。却思少小时行事，大觉非也。”

【思考与练习】

1、解释：①向

②暇

③比

④四海

2、翻译：①躬亲戎事

②不徒言也

③却思少小时行事，大觉非也

3、唐太宗认为不读书的后果是什么？请用原文回答。