第一篇:大学英语第三版(单元重点)
第二课Iron deficiency is very common among womenaffecting one inis even greater among active women, affecting80 percent of female endurance athletes.This means, Lyle says, that "too many women ignore the amount of iron they;.Women of child-bearing age since their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron , many health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron.their diet in an effort to control weight, they may.第三课Commitment among parents is a key ingredient in the Hyde mixture.For the student to gain , parents also must agree to accept and demonstrate the school's philosophies and.The parents agree in writing to meetin one of 20 regional groups, go to a yearly three-day regional retreat, and spend at least three times a year in , discussion groups andat Bath.Parents of Maine students have anrate of 95% in the many Joe and Malcolm Gauld both say childrenwhen they see their parents making similar efforts.The biggest obstacle for many parents, they say, is to realize their own weaknesses.第四课 In the mid-1870s, French artist Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was working on an , acelebrating US independence andfor a woman she had never met, but Bartholdiand married his love in 1876.第五课Time seems to stand still.In the total silence, I feel my own pulse quicken and hear my breathing as it begins to match hers, breath for uneven breath.Our eyes meet and somehow, together, we become aware that this is a special moment between two Her long fingers curl easily around my hand and I nod my head slowly, smiling.Without words, through yellowed eyes, I receive my thank you and her eyes slowly close.第六课Although scientists still cannot predict earthquakes, they are learning a great deal about how the large plates inmove, the stresses between plates, how earthquakes work, and the general probability that a given place will have an earthquake.Someday soon it may actually become possible to predict earthquakes However, even if prediction becomes possible, people who live in areas where earthquakes are a commonwill still have to do their best toto ground movement and by being personally prepared.canin saving lives and preventing the loss of homes.Education concerning how to survive an earthquake should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects.
第二篇:第三单元大学英语英语翻译
Organizing Data in a Traditional File
Environment
An effective information system provides users with timely, accurate, and relevant information.This information is stored in computer files.When the files are properly arranged and maintained, users can easily access and retrieve the information they need.传统环境下的数据组织
一个高效的信息系统应向使用者提供及时、准确以及相关的信息。信息存储在系统的文件中。正确地整理和维护文件,可以使用户很容易地检索到他们所需要的信息。
You can appreciate the importance of file management if you have ever written a term paper using 3×5 index cards.No matter how efficient your storage device(a metal box or a rubber band), if you organize the cards randomly your term paper will have little or no organization.如果你在撰写学期论文时曾经使用过3×5索引卡,你会体会到文件管理的重要性。不管你的存储设备(一个金属盒或一个皮筋)效率如何,如果你随意地组织你的卡片,你的学期论文将会缺乏组织性
Given enough time, you could put the cards in order, but your system would be more efficient if you set up your organizational scheme early on.If your scheme is flexible enough and well documented, you can extend it to account for any changes in your viewpoint as you write your paper.如果有足够的时间,你可以将卡片按次序放置,但是如果你早点创建你自己的组织方案,你的系统会做得更有效。如果你的方案足够的灵活并且文档也很齐全,那么在你撰写论文时,可以利用它来说明观点中的任何变化。
The same need for file organization applies to firms.Well-managed, carefully arranged files make it easy to obtain data for business decisions, whereas poorly managed files lead to chaos in information processing high costs, poor performance, and little, if any, flexibility.Despite the use of excellent hardware and software, many organizations have inefficient information systems because of poor file management.公司同样也需要组织文件。组织良好,认真安排的文件可以使商业决策获取数据变得更容易,而组织混乱的文件只能导致信息处理紊乱、成本高、性能差并且灵活性低。尽管使用优秀的硬件和软件,但由于文件组织得不好,很多组织的信息系统的效率还是很低。
File Organization Terms and Concepts A computer system organizes data in hierarchy that starts with bits and bytes and progresses to fields, records, files, and databases.A bit represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle.文件组织术语及概念
计算机系统按层次组织数据,位、字节、数据项、记录、文件和数据库。位代表计算机中最小的数据单位。
A group of bits, called a byte, represents a single character, which can be a letter, a number, or another symbol.A grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number(such as a person’s name or age), is called a field.一组位,叫做一个字节,表示一个独立的字,它可以是一个字母、一个数字或其它的符号。一组字组成一个词、一组词或一个纯数字(例如一个人的名字或年龄)叫做一个字段。
A group of related fields, such as the student’s name, the course taken, the date, and the grade, comprises a record;a group of records of the same type is called a file.For instance, the student records could constitute a course file.一组相关的字段,例如学生的姓名、所选的课程、日期、年级,组成一个记录;一组相同类型的记录被称为文件。例如,学生记录可以构成一个课程文件。
A group of related files makes up a database.The student course file could be grouped with files on student’s personal histories and financial backgrounds to create a student database.一组相关的文件组成一个数据库。学生课程文件可以和学生个人履历文件、个人经济情况文件共同创建一个学生数据库。
A record describes an entity.An entity is a person, place, thing, or event on which we maintain information.An order is a typical entity in a sales order file, which maintains information on a firm’s sales orders.Each characteristic or quality describing a particular entity is called an attribute.一个记录描述了一个实体。一个实体可以是一个人、一个地方、一个东西或一件事情,我们维护与它们有关的信息。销售订单文件提供一个公司销售订单信息,在销售订单文件中,一个订单是一个典型的实体。
For example, order number, order date, order amount, item number, and item quantity would each be an attribute of the entity order.The specific values that these attributes can have can be found in the fields of the record describing the entity order.每个用来描述具体实体的特质或特征的叫做属性。例如,订单号、订货日期、订货量、产品代码和产品数量每一个都是实体订单的一个属性。这些属性的具体取值可以在描述实体订单的记录中的字段里找到。
Every record in a file should contain at least one field that uniquely identifies that record so that the record can be retrieved, update, or sorted.This identifier field is called a key field.An example of a key field is the order number for the order record or an employee number or social security number for a personnel record(containing employee data such as the employees’ name, age, address, job title, and so forth).文件中的每一条记录至少包含一个能被唯一识别的数据字段,这样记录可被检索、更新或分类。这个标识字段叫做关键字段。举个关键字段的例子,如订单号是订单记录的关键字段,员工编号或社会保险号是一个个人记录(包括员工数据,例如员工的名字、年龄、住址、工作职别等等)的关键字段。
Accessing Records from Computer Files
Computer systems store files on secondary storage devices.Records can be arranged in several ways on storage media, and the arrangement determines the manner in which individual records can be accessed or retrieved.从计算机文件中存取记录
计算机系统将文件存储在外存设备中。记录以多种方式存放在存储介质中,而且存放方式决定了单个记录被存取或检索的方式。
One way to organize records is sequentially.In sequential file organization, data records must be retrieved in the same physical sequence in which they are stored.In contrast, direct or random file organization allows users to access records in any sequence they desire, without regard to actual physical order on the storage media.一种组织记录的方式是有序的。在按顺序组织的文件中,数据记录的检索顺序必须与数据的存储顺序相同。相反,不考虑存取介质的物理顺序,直接或随机存取文件允许用户以任何他们想要的顺序存取文件。
Sequential file organization is the only file organization method that can be used on magnetic tape.This file organization method is no longer popular, but some organizations still use it for batch processing applications in which they access and process each record sequentially.顺序文件组织是唯一的一种可以用在磁带上的文件组织方式。这种文件组织方式已不再流行了,但是一些组织仍然使用它来进行批处理,这些处理对每一条记录依次进行存储和处理。
A typical application using sequential files is payroll, in which all employees in a firm must be paid one by one and issued a check.Direct or random file organization is utilized with magnetic disk technology(although records can be stored sequentially on disk if desired).Most computer applications today utilize some method of direct file organization.顺序文件的一个典型应用是工资单,必须依次地对工资单中的所有公司职员支付工资和支票。直接存取或随机存取文件组织方式可用于磁盘技术(但是,如果愿意的话,磁盘中的记录可以按顺序存储)。
Problems with the Traditional File Environment
Most organizations began information processing on a small scale, automating one application at a time.Systems tended to grow independently, and not according to some grand plan.Each functional area tended to develop systems in isolation from other functional areas.Accounting, finance, manufacturing, human resources, and marketing all developed their own systems and data files.传统文件环境存在的问题
大多数组织每次进行的都是小规模的、自动化的信息处理。系统越来越具有独立性,并且不再采用大型的方案。每个功能区的开发都试图孤立于其它模块。会计、金融、生产、人力资源和销售均开发各自的系统和数据文件。
Each application, of course, required its own files and its own computer program to operate.For example, the human resources functional area might have a personnel master file, a payroll file, a medical insurance file, a pension file, a mailing list file, and so forth until tens, perhaps hundreds, of files and programs existed.当然,每个应用都需要自己的文件和计算机系统。例如,人力资源功能区可能需要一个人事主文件、一个工资文件、一个医保文件、一个退休金文件、一个邮件发送清单文件等等,几十个甚至上百个文件或程序。
In the company as a whole, this process led to multiple master files created, maintained, and operated by separate divisions or departments.就整个公司来说,这个过程会导致多种主要文件的创建、维护,并被不同的部门使用。
There are names for this situation: traditional file environment;the flat file organization(because most of the data are organized in flat files);and the data file approach(because the data and business logic are tied to specific files and related programs).By any name, the situation results in growing inefficiency and complexity.对这种情况的叫法有:传统文件环境、平面文件组织(因为大部分的数据组织在平面文件里)、数据文件方式(因为数据和事务逻辑被捆绑于具体的文件和相关的程序中)。无论是哪个名字,这种环境的结果就是低效和复杂性越来越大。
As this process goes on for five or ten years, the organization is saddled with hundreds of programs and applications, with no one who knows what they do, what data they use, and who is using the data.当这种处理方法使用了五或十年,组织已经承载了上百个程序和应用软件,没有人知道这些程序和软件做什么,用什么数据,并且谁在使用数据。
The organization is collecting the same information in far too many files.The resulting problems are data redundancy, program-data dependence, inflexibility, poor data security, and inability to share data among applications.组织可以从多个文件中搜集同一个信息。导致的问题就是数据冗余、程序与数据间相依赖、非灵活性、缺乏数据安全性和应用软件之间无法共享数据。
Data Redundancy and Confusion
Data redundancy is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files.Data redundancy occurs when different divisions, functional areas, and groups in an organization independently collect the same piece of information.For instance, within the commercial loans division of a bank, the marketing and credit information functions might collect the same customer information.数据冗余和混乱
数据冗余表现为完全一样的数据存放在多个数据文件中。当一个组织中不同的部门、功能和团体独立地搜集相同部分信息时就会发生数据冗余。例如,在一个银行的商业贷款部门里,市场和借贷信息功能可能搜集相同的客户信息。
Because it is collected and maintained in so many different places, the same data item may have different meanings in different parts of the organization.Simple data items such as the fiscal year, employee identification, and product code can take on different meanings as programmers and analysts work in isolation on different applications.由于信息的搜集和维护是在不同的地方进行的,所以相同的数据项会在组织中不同的部分有不同的含义。当不同的应用软件的程序员和分析工作是相互孤立的,简单的数据项,例如会计、员工身份证明和产品编码会表现出不同的意思。
Program-Data Dependence
Program-data dependence is the tight relationship between data stored in files and the specific programs required to update and maintain those files.Every computer program has to describe the location and nature of the data with which it works.程序与数据间相依赖
程序和数据之间的依赖是指存储在文件中的数据和用来更新及维护这些文件的具体的程序间存在紧密的关系。每个计算机程序都必须对它使用的数据的位置和属性进行描述。
In a traditional file environment, any change in data requires a change in all programs that access the data.Changes, for instance, in tax rates or ZIP-code length require changes in programs.Such programming changes may cost millions of dollars to implement in programs that require the revised data.在传统文件环境中,数据的任何更改要求所有存取这一数据的程序发生改变。例如,税率或邮政编码长度的变化要求程序也要随之变动。这种对修改了数据的程序进行设计上的改变可能会花费几百万美元。
Lack of Flexibility
A traditional file system can deliver routine scheduled reports after extensive programming efforts, but it cannot deliver ad hoc reports or respond unanticipated information requirements in a timely fashion..缺乏灵活性
一个传统文件系统在大量的程序设计工作后会提供常规的日程安排报告,但是它不能提供临时的报告或及时回应事先无法预料到的信息需求。
The information required by ad hoc requests is somewhere in the system but too expensive to retrieve.Several programmers would have to work for weeks to put together the required data items in a new file.临时请求所需要的信息存储在系统某处,但由于花费高而无法获取。几个程序员需要花费数周的时间将所需的数据项放到一个新文件中。
Poor Security
Because there is little control or management of data, access to and dissemination of information are virtually out of control.What limits on access exist tend to be the result of habit and tradition, as well as of the sheer difficulty of finding information.缺乏安全性
由于对数据的控制和管理太少,信息的存取和传播实际上是不被控制的。现有的存取限制是由习惯和惯例所造就的,同样也造就了寻找信息的异常艰难。
Lack of Data-Sharing and Availability
The lack of control over access to data in this confused environment does not make it easy for people to obtain information.Because pieces of information in different files and different parts of the organization cannot be related to one another, it is virtually impossible for information to be shared or accessed in a timely manner.缺乏数据共享和有效性
在这种混乱的环境里,对数据的存取缺乏控制使得人们很难获取信息。因为不同文件中的信息和组织的不同部分不能联系起来,所以信息无法及时共享或存取。
The Database Environment Database technology can cut through many of the problems created by traditional file organization.A more rigorous definition of a database is collection of data organized to serve many applications efficiently by centralizing the data and minimizing redundant data.数据库环境
数据库技术可以解决很多有传统文件组织方式引发的问题。对数据库更严密的定义是通过集中数据和减少多余的数据,有效地向应用软件提供组织过的数据集合。
Rather than storing data in separate files for each application, data are stored physically to appear to users as being stored in only one location.数据的物理存放要让用户觉着数据被存放在唯一的一个地方,而不是存储到每个应用程序所需的相互独立的文件上。
A single database services multiple applications.For example, instead of a corporation storing employee data in separate information systems and separate files for personnel, payroll, and benefits, the corporation could create a single common human resources database.一个数据库可以为多个应用程序提供服务。例如,将员工数据存储在相互独立的信息系统和相互独立的员工文件、工资文件和保险金文件中的一个替代做法是,公司可以创建一个通用的人力资源数据库。
Database Management Systems
A database management system(DBMS)is simply the software that permits an organization to centralize data, manage them efficiently, and provide access to the stored data by application programs.数据库管理系统
数据库管理系统(DBMS)就是一个简单的软件,它允许一个组织集成数据、有效管理数据并且通过应用程序提供对存储数据的存取。
The DBMS acts as an interface between application programs and the physical data files.When the application program calls for data item such as gross pay, the DBMS finds this item in the database and presents it to the application program.DBMS在应用程序和物理数据文件间扮演接口的角色。当应用程序需要如工资总额的数据项,DBMS在数据库中查找这一数据项并将它提交给应用程序。
Using traditional data files the programmer would have to define the data and then tell the computer where they were.A DBMS eliminates most of the data definition statements found in traditional programs.A database management system has three components: A data definition language A data manipulation language A data dictionary 使用传统的数据文件,程序员不得不定义数据并且告诉计算机它们在那儿。一个DBMS会去除大部分传统程序中的数据定义声明。
一个数据库管理系统包含三个组成部分: 数据定义语言 数据操作语言 数据字典
The data definition language is the formal language used by programmers to specify the content and structure of the database.The data definition language defines each data element as it appears in the database before that data element is translated into the forms required by application programs.数据定义语言是程序员用来详述数据库内容和结构的形式语言。在数据元素被翻译成应用程序所需要的形式之前,数据定义语言定义了数据库中的每一个数据元素。
Most DBMS have a specialized language called a data manipulation language that is used in conjunction with some conventional third-or fourth-generation programming languages to manipulate the data in the database.This language contains commands that permit end users and programming specialists to extract data from the database to satisfy information requests and develop applications.大部分DBMS有一种叫做数据操作语言的专用语言,它和传统的第三代或第四代程序语言结合起来操作数据库中的数据。这种语言包括允许终端用户和程序设计专家从数据库中提取数据来满足信息需求和应用开发的命令。
The most prominent data manipulation language today is Structured Query Language, or SQL.Complex programming tasks cannot be performed efficiently with typical data manipulation languages.However, most mainframe DBMS are compatible with COBOL, FORTRAN, and other third-generation programming languages, permitting greater processing efficiency and flexibility.现今,最杰出的数据操作语言是结构化查询语言,或者叫SQL。使用典型的数据操作语言,复杂的编程任务无法被高效率地执行。然而大部分中央处理机的DBMS与COBOL, FORTRAN及其他第三代编程语言相兼容,这就使得处理更高效和更灵活。
The third element of a DBMS is a data dictionary.This is an automated or manual file that stores definitions of data elements and data characteristics such as usage, physical representation, ownership(who in the organization is responsible for maintaining the data), authorization, and security.Many data dictionaries can produce lists and reports of data utilization, groupings, program locations, and so on.DBMS的第三个元素是数据字典。这是一个自动或手工的文件,存储了对数据元素和数据属性的定义,例如使用、物理表示、所有权(组织中谁负责维护数据)、授权和安全。很多数据字典可以提供数据使用、分组、程序存储位置等内容的列表和报告。
By creating an inventory of data contained in the database, the data dictionary serves as an important data management tool.For instance, business users could consult the dictionary to find out exactly what pieces of data are maintained for the sales or marketing function or even to determine all the information maintained by the entire enterprise.由于建立了一个数据库中数据的清单,数据字典成为一个重要的数据管理工具。例如,商业用户可以翻阅字典来正确地查找出用于销售或市场功能的数据或者甚至支配整个公司的所有信息。
The dictionary could supply business users with the name, format, and specifications required to access data for reports.Technical staff could use the dictionary to determine what data elements and files must be changed if a program is changed.字典可以为商业用户提供名字、格式和说明,以获取报告所需数据。技术员工可以利用字典来决定如果一个程序发生了改动,那么什么样的数据元素和文件也必须被改变。
Most data dictionaries are entirely passive;they simply report.More advanced types are active;changes in the dictionary can be automatically utilized by related programs.For instance, to change ZIP codes from five to nine digits, one could simply enter the change in the dictionary without having to modify and recompile all application programs using ZIP codes.大部分的字典是完全被动式的;它们只不过是报告。更高类型的字典是主动的;相关程序可自动地使用字典中的变化。例如,将邮政编码由五位改为九位,一个人可以简单地在字典中记录这一改变,不必修改和重新编译所有使用邮政编码的程序。
In an ideal database environment, the data in the database are defined only once and used for all applications whose data reside in the database, thereby eliminating data redundancy and inconsistency.Application programs, which are written using a combination of the data manipulation language of the DBMS and a conventional programming language, request data elements from the database.在一个理想的数据库环境里,数据库中的数据只被定义一次就可以被所有的应用软件使用,因此可以消除数据的冗余和不一致性。结合DBMS的数据操作语言和常规程序语言编写的应用程序需要数据库中的数据元素。
Data elements called for by the application programs are found and delivered by the DBMS.The programmer does not have to specify in detail how or where the data are to be found.应用程序需要的数据元素可由DBMS查找和传递。程序员不必详述查找数据的位置和方式。
Use of a DBMS can reduce program-data dependence along with program development and maintenance costs.Access and availability of information can be increased because users and programmers can perform ad hoc queries of data in the database.The DBMS allows the organization to centrally manage data, utilization, and security.使用DBMS除了减少程序的开发和维护费用,还可以减少程序和数据间的依赖。由于用户和程序员可以对数据库中的数据进行随机查询,信息的可获性和可用性得到提高。DBMS允许组织集中管理数据、应用和安全。
New Words(1)New Words(2)New Words(3)New Words(4)New Words(5)New Words(6)Phrases(1)Phrases(2)Abbreviations Questions for Discussion Why do we need file organization? How to access records from computer files? Which problems exist in the traditional file environment? What is DBMS? How does DBMS resolve problems in the traditional file environment? Translation for Reference
第三篇:第三单元复习重点_资料
人教六年级下册语文第三单元复习重点
课文复习
1、《十六年前的回忆》通过对李大钊同志(被捕前)到(被捕后)的回忆,展示了革命先烈(忠于革命事业)的伟大精神和面对敌人(坚贞不屈)的可贵品质,表达了作者对父亲的(敬仰)与(怀念)。除开头外,文章是按(被捕前)、(被捕时)、(法庭上)、(被害后)的顺序来叙述的。文章的写作特点是(前后照应)。
2、课文最后三个自然段与开头的联系是:首尾呼应(前后照应)。(《匆匆》《顶碗少年》《十六年前的回忆》《灯光》都采用了首尾呼应的写法)
这样写的好处:使整篇文章显得非常紧凑,更加突出了作者对父亲被害的事情记忆深刻,也表达了作者对父亲深深的怀念。
3、、“在法庭上,我们跟父亲见了面。父亲仍旧穿着他那件灰布旧棉袍,可是没戴眼镜。我看到了他那乱蓬蓬的长头发下面的平静而慈祥的脸。”
答:从这句话中可以看出父亲虽受敌人的折磨,但依旧沉着、慈祥。“没戴眼镜”“乱蓬蓬的长头发”说明敌人对李大钊施了重刑,“平静”说明李大钊经历残酷的折磨后依旧坚强,“慈祥”充分体现了李大钊对亲人的爱。
4、父亲是很慈祥的,从来没骂过我们,更没打过我们。我总爱向父亲问许多幼稚可笑的问题。他不论多忙,对我的问题总是很感兴趣,总是耐心地讲给我听。这一次不知道为什么,父亲竟这样含糊地回答我。
答:这段话说明当时的局势十分严重。这里写出了李大钊同志对待亲人慈爱和善与对待工作认真严肃。
5、局势越来越严重,父亲的工作也越来越紧张。他的朋友劝他离开北京,母亲也几次劝他。父亲坚决地对母亲说:“不是常对你说吗?我是不能轻易离开北京的。你要知道现在是什么时候,这里的工作多么重要。我哪能离开呢?”母亲只好不再说什么了。
答:李大钊完全明白形势的险恶、处境的危险,但他把革命工作看得比生命都重要,决不离开自己的工作岗位。这表现了他对革命高度负责的精神。
6、父亲瞅了瞅我们,没对我们说一句话。他脸上的表情非常安定,非常沉着。他的心被一种伟大的力量占据着。这个力量就是他平日对我们讲的──他对于革命事业的信心。答:伟大的力量是指他对于革命事业的信心。因为他对于革命事业充满必胜的信心,所以李大钊在极端危险和困难的情况下能够坦然自若。他用“安定”“沉着”影响亲人,使他们化悲痛为力量。
11* 灯光 作者王愿坚采用(倒叙)的手法,由天安门广场的灯光写起,叙述过去的事情,结尾又回到灯光,使得文章(首尾呼应),结构紧凑。课文的主体部分是(对往事的回忆),作者以细腻的笔调详写郝副营长在激战前的(神情)和(谈话)。而郝副营长在战斗中舍身为后续部队引路的壮举,作者却用“(白描手法)”略写;两相对比中,突出了革命先烈对未来的(美好憧憬),和(执著的革命理想)为人民服务
1、《为人民服务》是一篇演讲稿。《为人民服务》是毛泽东主席于1944年9月8日在张思德同志追悼会上所作的演讲。
2、课文从三个方面说明为人民服务:一是树立“为人民利益而死,就比泰山还重”的生死观;二是正确对待批评,为人民的利益坚持好的、改正错的;三是搞好团结、克服困难、提高勇气、互相爱护,使整个人民团结起来。
3、人固有一死,或重于泰山,或轻于鸿毛。(司马迁)
答:固,本来。或,有的。于,表示比较。人总是要死的,但死的意义有不同,有的比泰山还重,有的比鸿毛还轻。
4、我们的共产党和共产党所领导的八路军、新四军,是革命的队伍。我们这个队伍完全是为着解放人民的,是彻底地为人民的利益工作的。
答:文章开篇就点明主题。整段话表明:全心全意为人民服务,是共产党和革命军队的根本宗旨。“完全”的意思:全部。“彻底”是贯彻到底的意思。这句话的意思是说,我们的队伍不管在什么时候,不管做什么工作,都百分之百地为人民服务。
5、我们的干部要关心每一个战士,一切革命队伍的人都要互相关心,互相爱护,互相帮助。答:这句话的意思是,革命队伍的人是为了一个共同目标走到一起来的。因此,不论是干部对战士,还是战士对战士,都要互相关心、爱护和帮助。这样才能更好地团结起来,共同奋斗,实现我们的目标。
6、因为我们是为人民服务的,所以,我们如果有缺点,就不怕别人批评指出。不管是什么人,谁向我们指出都行。只要你说得对,我们就改正。你说的办法对人民有好处,我们就照你的办。
答:这段话共4句话。共有4句话。第一句话是讲我们要欢迎批评,第二句话是讲我们欢迎任何人的批评,第三句话是讲我们接受任何人的只要是正确的批评,第四句讲我们接受对人民有好处的办法。
句与句之间联系紧密,意思层层递进,围绕为人民服务这一中心意思从不同侧面进行论述。
7、学写本文第4小节中的排比句
例1:人生的意义在于执着的追求,在于不懈的努力,在于顽强的拼搏。
例2:我们每一个少先队员都要努力学习,努力锻炼,努力生活。
例3:在小学六年的学习生活中,我们收获了丰富的知识,收获了真挚的友谊,收获了成功的喜悦。
例4:老师,在我们的心目中,您是大树,您是高山,您是大海。
8、用三组不同的关联词语连接句子。
我们全心全意地为人民服务。我们这个队伍一定会兴旺起来。
()我们全心全意地为人民服务,()这个队伍一定会兴旺起来。()我们全心全意地为人民服务,这个队伍()一定会兴旺起来()我们全心全意地为人民服务,这个队伍()一定会兴旺起来
一夜的工作
1、《一夜的工作》节选自作家何其芳的《回忆周恩来同志》。先简要交代了自己得以目睹总理工作的(缘由),然后着重叙述了“我”陪周总理审阅稿子时的(所见所闻),最后抒发了自己(真切的感受)。课文的重点是(陪同周总理审阅稿子)这部分。这部分是从(工作辛劳)和(生活简朴)两方面表现周总理崇高品质的。
多音字组词复习
dāi待着──dài等待
jiá夹衣──jiā夹道
lâ快乐──yuâ音乐 biàn便衣──pián便宜 kān看家──kàn观看
hào记号──háo号叫 xīnɡ兴旺──xìnɡ兴致
wâi为了──wãi为难
liànɡ分量──liánɡ测量 qiǎnɡ勉强──qiánɡ强大──jiànɡ倔强
zhoá着急──zhuó沉着──zhāo着数──zhe笑着
chā反差──chāi出差──cī参差──chà差不多
四字词语复习
1不慌不忙: 形容十分从容的样子。(造句)他喝了一口水,这才不慌不忙地讲述了事情的经过。
2一拥而入: 形容很多人同时闯进来,形容秩序非常混乱。(造句)大门刚打开,记者们就一拥而入,争着采访那个奥运会冠军。
3满脸横肉: 整个脸上都长着带有凶相的肌肉。(造句)《沙家滨》中的伪司令长得满脸横肉,是个大草包。
4怒气冲冲: 形容非常生气的样子。(造句)他怒气冲冲地走进教室,谁也不知道发生了什么事。
5聚精会神: 集中精神。(造句)上课时,我们聚精会神地听老师讲课。
6自言自语: 自己与自己说话。(造句)奶奶有时候会自言自语,也不知道她在说什么 7震天动地:震撼着天,动摇着地。形容巨响或其势盛大异常。(造句)建路工人开山劈岭的爆破声震天动地。
8千钧一发:钧:古代重量单位,一钧等于30斤。指千钧的重量系在一根头发上,比喻极其危险。(造句)在千钧一发的时刻,他飞身向前,从车轮底下救出了那个被吓呆的小孩。9精兵简政:缩小机构,精简人员。(造句)各级机关若要改变人浮于事的状况,提高工作的效率,就必须精兵简政。
10五湖四海:泛指全国大地。(造句)这个连队的战士来自五湖四海,但十分团结。11死得其所:死得有价值,有意义。(造句)那个警察为了救出人质而光荣牺牲,死得其所。
拓展:
描写人物神态、表情的词语
提心吊胆 面如土色 目光如炬 冷若冰霜 从容自若 惊慌失措 兴高采烈 得意洋洋 描写战争的词语
一触即发 千钧一发 冲锋陷阵 金戈铁马 炮火连天 前赴后继 枪林弹雨 千军万马 跋山涉水 翻山越岭 震天动地 雷霆万钧
ABB式:乱蓬蓬 黑魆魆 热腾腾 ABAC式:不慌不忙 自言自语 ABCC式:怒气冲冲 含反义词的:震天动地
作文复习题目: 《我的理想》
习作要求:
1、写清自己的理想是什么。
2、为什么会有这样的理想。
3、怎样实现这个理想。
4、语句通顺,最好在文章中运用一些关于理想的名人名言。
我的理想 每个人都有自己的理想,有的想当士兵,保家护国;有个人想当医生,救死扶伤„„我的理想是成为一名老师。
记得上幼儿园的时候,老师教我们唱歌、跳舞,给我们讲故事听。那时,我觉得老师真神奇,真伟大,什么都会,我就想:我长大了,我也要当一名神奇老师,把我懂得都教给小朋友。慢慢地,我长大上学了,觉得老师更加神奇了。不认识的字,不懂得的知识,只要老师一讲,就豁然开朗,全部明白了。老师教给我们做人的道理,告诉我们要做一个诚实的好孩子。当我们伤心的时候,老师给予我们安慰;当我们遇到挫折的时候,老师给予我们鼓励。老师真伟大,就像一本书,那么多的知识老师都懂得,只要看到老师那和蔼的面孔,再困难,在伤心的事情都会简单起来,都会烟消云散。这更加坚定了我当老师的信念。
我知道,虽然我离我的理想实现还有很远,但是,为了实现我的目标,从现在开始我就要为我的理想打好基础。首先,我要做好课内的工作,从课堂上的一次次小测验中做起,认真对待每一堂课,积极发言,好好学习,每次考试争取考到100分。接着,要在课外提高自己的阅读量,扩展自己的知识,多看书,吸取书中的精髓,还要多做练习题等等。当老师并不只课本知识,还要培养多方面的能力。所以,在其他方面,我也要勤奋。鲁迅爷爷曾经说过:“时间就像海绵里的水,只要愿挤,总还是有的。”只要我能够把空余时间都用到学习上去,那我的成绩将更上一层楼,我离我的梦想实现就更近了一步!
如果说,理想是驶向成功的一艘小船,那么,我一定会把好船舵。
我的理想
世界上的每个人都有自己的理想,如果没有自己的理想,就不回拥有世界。我的理想是当是名医生。
去年,爸爸突然得了疾病,住进了医院,过了好长时间才出院。但是爸爸什么也不能做,身体还是很虚弱,家里的一切只好让妈妈来做,累得妈妈满头大汗。妈妈也告诉我,让我也帮着爸爸做些自己能干的事情。从那时起,我们没有去过一次公园,看着小朋友们游玩高兴的样子,我多想去看看调皮的猴子,凶猛的老虎、狮子和狗熊,吓人的毒蛇,美丽的孔雀呀,可是,爸爸去不了。我想,要是我是医生,能治好爸爸的病,带我去大梅沙看海、游泳,到梧桐山看日出,我该多快乐呀!
上学了,我看到同学们经常生病,不能和我们一起学习,不能和我们一起快快乐乐的玩;有一天,老师生病了,不能给我们上课了,我们全体同学都很伤心地快要哭了。
我想,要是我当医生,治好老师的病该多好,我们就可以和老师在一起高高兴兴地学习、做游戏了。
我知道,要想实现这一美好理想,从小就要把基础打好,掌握好课堂知识,平时多看一些课外书,作文选等书籍,因为这些书都能够帮助我们提高写作能力,同时也可以把一些好词好句,名言警句给摘抄下来,多背,多写,多读,这样真是"一箭双雕".还有,我们经常多做一些有过语文,数学的练习,这对我们也有帮助哦!最不能忘的是英语,英语是我们和世界各国的交流语言,虽然,学起来有些费劲,但是,只要你肯下点功夫,就一定能学会的。
我一直在为这个理想而不懈地努力,扎扎实实学好每一门功课,一步一个脚印朝这个目标攀登„„
第四篇:2016年三年级上册英语第三单元重点单词总结
2016年三年级上册英语第三单元重点单词
总结
Unit 3:red(红色的)yellow(黄色的)green(绿色的)blue(蓝色的)purple(紫色的)white(白色的)black(黑色的)orange(橙色的)pink(粉色的)brown(棕色的;褐色的)how如何;怎样 are是 fine好的 thank谢谢 thanks多谢 paint绘画 great很好的
以上是为大家准备的三年级上册英语第三单元重点单词,希望对大家有所帮助。
小学三年级上册英语二单元知识点总结
三年级上册英语第一单元知识点总结
第五篇:人教版八年级上册英语第三单元重点知识总结
Unit 3(比较级的使用,both的用法,描述性格的单词)1.Words Outgoing both better loudly quietly hard-working competition fantastic which clearly win though talented truly care laugh serious mirror kid grade should saying reach hand touch heart fact break arm share loud similar primary information
重点讲解: 1)both 两个都 一般和of连用
Eg:Both of pens are mine.两支钢笔都是我的。2)hard-working
adj.工作努力的,辛勤的 Eg:I admire their hard-working spirit.我钦佩他们的辛勤工作的精神。3)Which 哪一个
Which class are you in?你在哪个班? Which one is yours?哪个是你的? 4)Serious adj严肃的,稳重的
Eg:Ian is a serious guy.伊恩是一个认真的人。(伊恩是一个稳重的人)This is a serious decision.这是个严肃的决定。<拓>adv seriously 认真地,严肃地
Eg:Let’s talk about it seriously.让我们认真的来谈一谈。(让我们严肃认真的来聊聊)
5)Truly adv 真正,确实 Eg:He truly loved his children.他由衷地爱他的孩子们。<拓>典型地
Eg:Spain was truly a European nation.西班牙是个典型的欧洲国家。
6)Necessary adj.必要的,必须的 Eg: s that really necessary? 那真有必要吗?
It is necessary that buy some papers when we are in art class.当我们上艺术课的时候买些纸是很必要的。7)Should 情态动词 “应该”
Eg:We should go outside to buy some papers.我们应该去外面买纸。You should be quiet.你应该安静点。8)Break v.损坏,断,裂,破 Eg:Did your dress break? 你的衣服破了吗? Did you break the table? 是你损坏了桌子吗?
My pen was broken yesterday.我的钢笔昨天被弄坏了。<拓>名词
休息
Let’s take a break.休息一会儿。短语:
Break down 出故障
Eg:Their car broke down.他们的车出故障了。9)Share v.分享
Eg: Children should learn to share.小孩应该学会与人分享东西。Share sth with sb与某人分享某物
Eg:You should share your apples with your sister.你应该把你的苹果和你妹妹分享。10)Primary adj 最初的,最早的
Eg:My father is the primary investigators on that case 我父亲是最早参加那个项目的研究员。总结形容词变副词: 形容词变副词的一般规则
形容词变副词通常是加ly, 其变化有规律可循 口诀:
一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y。分别举例如下:
quick-quickly;true-truly;happy-happily;possible-possibly 2.Phrases 1)care about 担心,关心,在意
Eg:I really care about my work.我真的关心我的工作.<辨>take care of;look after ;care about;Take care of;look after 都是照看,照顾的意思。
Eg:He spent years taking care of his sick mother.他数年中一直在照顾生病的母亲.He spent years looking after his sick mother.他数年中一直在照顾生病的母亲.Care about 侧重于关心某种情况。
Don't you care about anybody?你难道谁也不关心吗? 2)As long as 只要,既然,如果
Eg:As long as there is life there is hope.留得生命在,不怕没希望.(留得青山在,不怕没柴烧)You can go out, as long as you promise to be back before 11 o'clock.你可以出去,只要你答应在11点以前回来.<拓>as long as=so long as.I'll accept any job so long as I don't have to get up early.只要不必早起,任何工作我都可以接受.3)Be different from 与什么不同;不同于
Eg:My way of life is very different from hers.我和她的生活方式差别很大。(hers=her way of life)<拓>be different from 一般指同一种类型的东西在某点上不同 be different with一般是指不同类型事物的比较。
Eg:He's always noisy with us, but he is different with girls。和我们在一起他很吵闹,和女孩在一起就不一样了。4)Bring out 使显现,使表现出
Eg:Difficulties can bring out a person's best qualities. 艰难困苦方能显示出一个人的优秀品质。<拓> 其他含义: 出版
Eg:They try to bring out one new book each month.他们争取每月出版一本新书。生产
Eg:The factory is bringing out a new type of recorder.这家工厂正在生产一种新型录音机。
5)The same as和„„一致;与„„一样
Eg:His dream is the same as mine.他的梦想和我的一样。<拓>as...as的含义为“和„„一样”,用于形容词、副词的同级比较。需要注意的是,两个as的词性和用法不一样,第一个as是副词,后面接形容词或副词的原级,第二个as多为连词,后面多接比较状语从句,其基本结构为:as + adj + as和as+adv+as。
Eg:This dictionary is as useful as you 这本字典和你想象的一样有用 He speaks English as well as Zhang Ming 他讲英语和张明一样好。6)In fact 事实上,实际上,确切地说
Eg:In fact ,I've never liked you,事实上,我从没喜欢过你。<拓>really, truly(同义)下面是in fact 的句中用法。
Eg:I thought Betty was in the garden, but in fact she was in her room.我以为贝蒂在花园,其实她在自己的房间里。
In fact the earth is actually a bit nearer to the sun during our winter.在冬天地球离太阳实际上还要近一些。
No one believed it, but in fact, Mary did pass her exam.尽管没有人相信,但实际上玛丽确实考试及格了。7)Be similar with 与„„相似;类似的 Eg:I have no similar with Tom.汤姆和我毫无共同之处.<拓>be similar to后边既可以加物主代词又可以加人,即:be similar to sth/sb be similar with后边只可以加人,即be similar with sb Eg:My problems are similar to yours.我的问题与你的类似。
8)Be taller than(比较级)比„„高 Eg:I am taller than my sister.9)Talk about谈论(事情或人)
Eg:Please don't talk about it in front of the children.请不要当着孩子们谈论那事.10)That’s why 这便是为什么;这就是„„的原因 Eg:That’s why he was late this morning.这就是他今天早上迟到的原因。3.Grammar 1)形容词副词比较级
形容词的比较级变化规则;
1、规则变化:(1)单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加er:
如: small---smaller(2)以不发音的e字母结尾的加r,:
如: late---later
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为I加er: 如: easy---easier
(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个辅音字母再加er: 如: big---bigger 以er,ow结尾的双音节词加er 如: slow---slower(5)多音节词前加more.如: important---more important 2.不规则变化
good / well---better 好
bad / badly / ill---worse 坏 many / much---more 多
little---less 少
old---older / elder 老, 旧
far---farther / further 远 2)一般疑问句
一、含有be动词的一般疑问句,通常把be动词调到句首。eg: 陈述句:They are in the swimming pool.一般疑问句:Are they in the swimming pool? <注意>:一般疑问句句末要用“?”。
二、含有情态动词的一般疑问句(can, may...),把情态动词调到句首。eg: 陈述句:He can drive a car.一般疑问句: Can he drive a car?
三、含有have的一般疑问句,have译为“有”。一般疑问句式有两种形式: 1.把have/has调到句首。eg: 陈述句:Tommy has a computer.一般疑问句:Has Tommy/he a computer? 2.加助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其他人称用do。其句型为:Do/Does + 主 语 + have...? Does Tommy have a computer? 四、一般动词的一般疑问句,也要借助助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其余人称用do。其句型为:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形+其它? 陈述句:Amy speaks English.一般疑问句:Does Amy speak English? 如何回答一般疑问句。首先要有人称的改变。当主语为名词时,在答语中要改成其相应的代词。另外,答语有两种,肯定的回答(用yes)和否定的回答(用no),否定式常用缩写形式。一、一般疑问句含be动词时,用be动词回答,句末用句号。eg:-Is Mary your sister?-Yes, she is./ No, she isn’t.(缩写)二、一般疑问句含有情态动词(can, may, should等)时,用情态动词回答。eg:-May I come in?-Yes, you may./ No, you can’t.三、一般疑问句含有have(译为“有”)时,有两种回答方式。1.直接用have/has回答。eg:-Have they any pictures?-Yes, they have./ No, they haven’t.2.用助动词do/does回答。eg:-Does Millie smoke?-Yes, she does./ No, she doesn’t.四、一般动词的一般疑问句回答时也用助动词。eg:-Do the workers live in London?-Yes, they do./ No, they don’t.一般疑问句也可称为“yes / no questions”,因这种问句通常用yes / no来回答,相当于汉语中的“„„吗?”其语序是:系动词be / 助动词/ 情态动词+主语+其他成分?
eg:Are you from Japan? Yes I am. / No I'm not.
Is her sister doing her homework now?Yes she is./No she isn't.Does he work in a bank? Yes he does. / No he doesn't.Do you live near your school? Yes I do./ No I don't. Can you speak French?Yes I can. / No I can't.
May I go home now?Yes you may. / No you mustn't.
1.将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be 动词(am is are „)时,可直接将它们提至主语前。如主语为第一人称,应将其改为第二人称。eg:
I'm in Class 2Grade 1. → Are you in Class 2Grade 1? We're watching TV. → Are you watching TV?
2.陈述句中有情态动词(can may must „)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。
eg:He can swim now.→ Can he swim now?
3.陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does 主语后的实义动词用原形。Eg:I like these animals. → Do you like these animals?
She wants to go to the movies. → Does she want to go to the movies? 描述性格的词:
描述人性格的英语词汇
optimistic乐观independent独立的 out-going外向的 active 活泼的
able 有才干的,能干的;adaptable 适应性强的 active 主动的,活跃的; aggressive 有进取心的 outgoing外向的 quietly 安静地 hard-working 勤奋的 Talented 有才能的 serious 稳重的 kind 和蔼的 nice 亲切的smart 聪明的 Friendly 友好的