2013,4,30初二下英语Unit6Howlong

第一篇：2013,4,30初二下英语Unit6Howlong

2013第 1 页

年4月，30初二Unit6How longhave youbeencollectingshells?

它的时间状语常用for或since引起，表示这个动作进行多久了。对for或since引起的时间状语用howlong提问。

(2)一般过去时：表示过去发生的事，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。因此，只要有表示过去的时间，就不能用现在完成进行时。现在进行时，只表示这个动作现在正在进行或现阶段正在进行。

例：He is skating now．现在他正在滑冰。

He has been skating for an hour．他一直滑了一个小时了。

基础卷(20分)

一、用since或for填空

1.The child has been crying __________ her mother left.2.We have been playing tennis__________five years.3.The girl skated ____________ two hours.4.It has been raining ____________ a whole day.5.We have known each other__________ we were children.二、在Ⅱ栏中找出与Ⅰ栏相对应的句子

ⅠⅡ

()1.Why do you collect stamps?A.Great.()2.How long have you been studying English?B.Because I like stamps and I can

learn a lot from the stamps.3.Our class is going to organize a talentC.Because I have run out of my money.show to raise money for charity.4.How does the food taste?D.About two years.5.Why don’t you buy one?E.Delicious.三、按汉语提示完成句子

1.I want to ____(理发).2.We have been skating ________(二个半小时).3.This is the first present ________(我得到的)._______(多久)did you sleep last night?

5.He came here _________(募集资金)for charity an hour ago.四．选择

1.——________have you been skating?

——For about an hour.A.WhenB.WhereC.How long

2.——________ did you start to play tennis?

——When I was eleven.A.WhenB.WhereC.How long

3.——__________do you like collecting shells?

——Because they are beautiful.A.WhatB.WhoC.Why

4.I have a big snow globe __________ polar bears in it.A.inB.onC.with

5.Edison was ________ in science when he was a child.A.interest B.interested C.interesting

提高卷(20分钟)

一、根据句意和首字母完成单词

1.He isn’t at school today , p ________ he is ill.2.Pandas like eating b________

3.Our town has greatly changed r________

4.Can you d _________ what he looks like?

5.Please t________ the soup and see if it has enough salt.二、用所给词的正确形式填空

1.The football match ________(go)for fifteen minutes.2.My hobby is __________(collect)all kinds of stones(石头).23.How long has your mother ____________(teach)math at this school?

4.If Alice __________(come)back ,please give it to her.5.Would you like to visit the Summer Palace if the rain ______(stop)tomorrow?

三、将下列句子按逻辑意义重新排列

A.When did you start to do that?

B.It’s difficult to say.When I was young ,my parents bought some for me as presents.Some of them are lost.But some are still kept byme.C.I’d like to collect toy animals , like toy bears , dogs , sharks and so on.D.Nothing.What about you?

E.What would you like to collect?

1.___________2.___________ 3.___________4.___________5.___________

四、组词成句

1.I , I , was , have been , since , skating , ten years old.2.how , has , he , long been , swimming?

3.extra , needs , son , my , English , lessons.4.you , are , in , in , writing , interested , English?

5.friends , food , order , eat , share , to , to , not separately.综合训练卷（满分100 分)

一、单项选择（每小题2分，共30分)

1.This kind of illness is ____________ these days.A.manyB.muchC.mostD.common

2.I’ve____________here all afternoon.A.satB.sitC.sittingD.been sitting

3.He has been____________for his credit card for an hour.A.looksB.looked.C.lookingD.to look

4.Mike learns a lot about internet , and____________.A.I don’t ,eitherB.so do IC.so am ID.I am ,too

5.Do you know if ___________back next week? If he___________ back ,please let me know.A.he comes , will comeB.will he come , comes

C.he will come , comesD.will he come , will come

6.Every day I spend two hours________ my homework.A.finishing to doB.finishing doingC.to finish to doD.to finish doing

7.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ________ Christmas Day.A.isB.wasC.has beenD.will be

8.My mom says___________I have to stop , because we have run out of room to store them.A.thatB.whereC.ifD.what

9.He has been watching English movies____ about two months.A.sinceB.forC.inD.during

10.My aunt arrived here _____________ a warm spring morning.A.inB.atC.onD.by

11.Hurry up ,___________ you’ ll be late for class.A.butB.orC.andD.if

12.It’ s time for supper now.Let’s________it.A.stop havingB.stop to haveC.to stop to haveD.stopping to have

13.There are many tall green trees on ________ side of the street.A.eitherB.bothC.allD.every

14——Must I go with them tomorrow?

——No , you___________A.mustn’tB.shouldn’tC.needn’tD.can’t

15.I’ll do my__________ to help him finish the work.A.goodB.wellC.bestD.better

二、选用所给词的适当形式填空(每空1分，共10分)

start ,leave ,have ,bring ,spend ,play ,laugh ,make ,good ,interest

1.Bill ________ to play with computers at the age of 13.He________with computers for around one and a half years.2.His father is very ________ in playing bridge.3.He said he was sure he could make him___________.4.In a few days he’ll ___________for London.35.He __________ half an hour on his homework at home every day.6.She isn’ t so __________ at math as you are.7.Did you finish __________ the kite yesterday? I want __________ a look.8.In England your food ________ to you on your own plate.三、根据对话内容填入所缺的句子（每空2分，共10分）

A:1

B: I was writing a letter at seven last night.A:2

B: No.I didn’t watch TV.3

A: I read a piece of news.A lot of children and old persons died in the countries in Africa

B:4

A: Because they haven’ t got enough food or medicine.B: The people in other countries should help them.A:5I saw a group of Chinese medical workers were working there.1.____________________________2.____________________________3.____________________________

4.____________________________5.____________________________

四、完形填空（每小题2分，共20分)

The United States , Great Britain took the war(战争)on Iraq(伊拉克)in late March , 2003.1 over twenty days , American soldiers were in Baghdad , the2of Iraq.They ended the government(政府)of Saddam.3Iraqis died in the war.Saddam is4.No one knows5he’s dead or alive.In some parts of the city there was no light because of the war.Some oil wells(油井)were set on fire.Now the Iraqis need food ,water and6.Many soldiers and people who were hurt in the war need hospital care.People also need7to find their family members.After the war , some Iraqis broke into Saddam’ s palace , government buildings , and stores.They8many things from Iraqis Museums.Other Iraqis are angry that the U.S.soldiers didn’t stop the robbers(抢劫者).So far there is9no government of Iraqis.The reason for American soldiers taking the war is that they are10weapons of mess destruction(在规模杀伤性武器).But by June 6 , they hadn’t found any at all.()1.A.InB.AfterC.ByD.During

()2.A.cityB.townC.capitalD.village

()3.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.Thousand ofD.Thousands of

()4.A.tiredB.runC.goneD.forgotten

()5.A.ifB.whenC.howD.that

()6.A.spaceshipsB.flowersC.peopleD.medicine

()7.A.an ideaB.a wayC.a planeD.a bridge

()8.A.boughtB.borrowedC.stoleD.brought

()9.A.stillB.everC.yetD.already

()10.A.looking atB.looking forC.giving upD.putting down

五、阅读理解（每小题2分，共20分）

A

Nearly all our food comes from the soil(土地).Some of us eat meat , of course , but animals live on plants.If there were no plants ,we would have no animals and no meat.So the soil is very necessary for life.The top of the ground is usually covered with grass or other plants.There may be dead leaves and dead plants on the grass.The waste matter(粪)from animals also falls on it.All soil needs food.If we do not give it any , the plants will be weak.Farmers found that animals’ waste is the best food for the

第 4 页

soil , but chemical fertilizers(化肥)are also very useful.The same crop(庄稼)should not be grown in the same place every year , it’s better to have a different crop.A change of crop and the use of a good fertilizer will keep the land good.()1.Which of the following is true?

A.All our food comes from the soil.B.Most of our food comes from soil.C.None of our food comes from the soil.D.All our food comes from animals.()2.What would happen first without plants?

A.People would have more crops.B.Animals would die.C.There would be more food.D.There would be less soil.()3.What does the writer’tell us in the first paragraph(段落)?

A.Leaves , plants , grass and waste live on each other.B.There would be no animals without meat.C.There would be no plants without animals.D.People , animals , plants and soil live on each other

()4.Which is the best food for soil in the field?

A.Chemical fertilizers.B.Plants and grass.C.Animals’waste.D.Different crops.()5.Why do we often grow a different crop in the same place every year?

A.Because we can keep the soil rich this way.B.Because we don’t have enough land.C.Because we want to have a different food.D.Because we do this as a habit(习惯).B

Tom went into the station soon after five o’ clock in the afternoon.This is a bad time to travel in Ixmdon , both by bus and by train , because lots of people go home from work at this hour.He had to join a long queue of people who were waiting for tickets.When at last his turn came , he got the right ticket.By asking several people the way , he also found the right platform(站台).It was crowded and he was not able to get on the first train , but he was able to move nearer to the edge of the platform to be ready to get on the next one.When a train came in , Tom was thrown on to the train by the rush of people from behind.The doors closed and the train moved off before he was able to get his breath(呼吸)out.Since he was not able to see the namesof the stations where the train stopped , he had to count the number of stops so that he knew where to get off.His station was the seventh along the line.When the train reached the seventh station , Tom got off.But he was surprised to see that he had got off at a station that he had never heard of.A man on the platform told him that he had traveled on a train going in the wrong direction(方向).()6.Why did Tom go to the station?

A.To take a train.B.To meet his friends.C.To say goodbye to his friends.D.To go home from work.()7.What did Tom find when he arrived at the station?

A.Only a few people there.B.A few people waiting to buy tickets.C.Many trains there.D.Many people waiting to buy tickets.()8.What did Tom have to do before he bought the ticket?

A.To meet many people.B.To wait long to buy a ticket.C.To talk to some people.D.To ask the way to the train.()9.Why did Tom fail to see the names of the stations?

A.He was too lazy to see them.B.They were too small for him to see.C.He was too busy to see them.D.It was too crowded for him to see them.()10.Who made Tom take the wrong train?

A.The train driver.B.The ticket seller in the station.C.All the people at the station.D.The people behind him on the platform.六、书面表达

以“My hobby is collecting stamps”为题写一篇不少于60字的短文。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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第二篇：初二英语下教学计划

初二英语下教学计划

一、学情分析

从上学期的成绩看来，八年级的学生对英语学习兴趣整体不浓厚，已近出现两极分化。我担任八（1、2)班的英语教学，两个班级男女生比例男多女少，要充分的调动中等生和后进生的学习兴趣，才能总体提高学生的素质。所以本学期应注意抓好中等生和后进生的学习，尤其本学期，千万不能松手后进生。课堂是面向全体学生，以学生的发展为宗旨，把激发学生的学习兴趣放在首位，注意分层次教学，引导学生端正学习态度，掌握良好的学习方法，培养学生良好的学习习惯。

二、目的要求。

1、根据学生的特点以及英语学习的规律，采用有效的教学手段和教学方法。创设生动活泼的语境，让学生运用所学语言开展活动。

2、本学期要着重注意培养学生良好的学习习惯，以保证课堂大容量、高密度、快节奏训练的展开，还要注重培养学生的自学能力，指导及鼓励他们多使用工具书。

3、从学生实际出发，充分发挥学生的主体作用，进一步加强对学生的学法指导。

4、多设计教学情景，以练为主的原则，抓好基础训练，注重培养学生直接用英语表达思想的能力，扩大课堂容量，提高课堂效率。

5、认真钻研教材，掌握每单元的教学目的和要求，正确地把握教材的重点和难点，根据的学生年龄特点及班级的实际情况，精心设计教学程序，选择适当的教学方法，认真备课。

三、具体措施

1、在课堂和作业布置上体现知识的梯度，扩大照顾面。

2、引导学生找出适合自己的学习方法，把握好学习的各个环节，让他们能养成自觉学习英语的习惯。

3、突出学生主体，尊重个体差异，让学生在老师的指导下构建知识，提高技能，磨练意志，活跃思维，展现个性，发展心智和拓展视野；

4、实施“一帮一”活动，让成绩好的同学带动差生，同时亦监督差生每天的作业完成情况和背诵情况。

5、建立英语学习小组，并以小组为单位开展各种活动。

6、通过听、说、读、写等形式，进行大量的语言操练和练习。

7、每天利用固定时间进行阅读训练，使学生能尽快掌握阅读技巧，培养阅读兴趣，从整体上提高学生掌握语言知识的能力。

以上几条，坚持每天落实，由组长负责，老师抽查，对于完成较好的组给予鼓励表扬。同时，对不同层次的学生要求也相应的不同，能让其渐渐对英语产生兴趣，慢慢加大要求。尤其是对后进生，每天的任务不是太重，及时完成就立即表扬。

四、教学中应注意的问题

1、在英语教学过程，应注意教养学生综合运用英语的能力。在培养学生阅读能力的同时，注意加强听、说技能的训练。能过听、说、读、写技能的综合训练，促进学生综合运用英语的能力。逐步具有运用英

语进行交际的能力。

2、在设计教学活动的过程中，教师应考虑活动目标明确、简洁，活动形式避免单一，注意广度和深度。

五、教学进度

第三篇：初二英语下期末试卷

初二英语下期末试卷

笔试75%

一．选择题15%

()1.If it ________tomorrow, we __________go to the park.A.rains, won’tB.will rain, won’t

C.rains, don’tD.rains, don’t go

()2.Could you lend me your bikeOf course.________

A.You couldB.Give youC.That’s all rightD.With pleasure

()3.I’m _______at reading than listening

A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best

()4.He didn’t go there.I diden’t go there _________

A.tooB.alsoC.eitherD.neither

()5.You shouldn’t argue ________ your parents

A.withB.aboutC.forD.at

()6.They will be back ___________

A.for an hourB.after an hour

C.an hour agoD.in an hiur

()7.Would you mind doing the dishes____________

A.CertainlyB.Sorry, I won’t

C.Ok, I will do themD.Please don’t

()8.What ________ you

A, annoyB annoysC.is annoyedD.annoies

()9.How about _________a scarf

A.buyB.buyingC.boughtD.to buy

()10 Why _______ go to the park

A.notB.don’tC.doD.didn’t

()11.Have youever _________ an aquarium

A.goneB.gone toC.been toD.been

()12 I don’t like cats.__________does he

A.SoB.EitherC.NeitherD.Also

()13.Tom is ready for the party, ____________

A.is heB.isn’t TomC.isn’t heD.is Tom

()14_________ have you been swimmingTwo hours

A.WhenB.WhereC.How longD How many

()15.Could you make _________ for me

A, roomB.roomsC.placesD.aspace

二.阅读部分30%

Many people sleep late on Sunday morning, but others don’t．However(然而), almost everyone reads the Sunday paper．

The Sunday paper is usually very thick．It has many advertisements(广告)and many different parts．The parents in the family like the front page, and the world news page．Many men also read the sports page．

Most men don’t read the women’s pages, but the mother of the family usually does．The women’s pages have the news about parties, food, health and clothes．Most Sunday papers have interesting

stories．Children enjoy them．Old people read the death notices(讣告)．They tell about people who have died during the week．(128)

根据下面短文内容判断正误，在正确句子前面的括号内打“√”，在错误句子前面的括号内打“×”。

()1．The parents in the family like sports page．

()2．The father of the family usually read the women's pages．

()3．Only old women read the death notices．

()4．Almost everyone likes reading the Sunday paper．

()5．This passage is about the Sunday paper．

A

Read the e-mail, then choose the best answers.1.Who sent this e-mail

A.JennyB.TomC.LisaD.Ann

2.The party begins at ______

A.400 amB.600 pmC.4 00 pmD.6ooam

3.Tom is _______ best friend.A.Jenny’sB.Lisa’sC.Ann’sD.Jack’s

4.What’s true about the party

A.It’s on Saturday.B.All of Jenny’s friends will come.B.People will not bring things.D.It will last four or five hours.5.What will Jenny do first

A.Buy food for the party.B.Call Tom

C.Send an e-mail to Lisa.D.Drive to Lisa’s house.C

There was once a man who kept ten monkeys as pets as he was very fond of them．Every morning the monkeys would climb up and down the trees or swing from one branch（树枝）to another in his backyard．After that，he would feed them bananas．

One morning the man said to the monkeys，“We have very few bananas left today．For breakfast I shall give each of you two bananas and four for dinner．”

When the monkeys heard this，they looked very unhappy．They refused（拒绝）to take the bananas that the man was handing out to them．

“Very well，then．You shall have four bananas in the morning and two for dinner，”the man said．The monkeys looked at one another．Then they jumped up and down happily，nodding their heads．They took the big，yellow bananas from the man and started eating．

Choose the best answer．

21．The man kept the monkeys because he _________ ．

A．liked them B．sold monkeys as pets

C．wanted them to work for him

D．had many banana trees in his backyard

22．The man fed the monkeys _________ ．

A．twice a day B．in the afternoon

C．only when they were hungry

D．before they climbed up and down the trees

23．At first the man wanted to give the monkeys _________ bananas for dinner．

A．one B．two C．three D．four

24．The monkeys were unhappy and they _________ ．

A．ran away B．nodded their heads

C． didn't take the bananas from the man

D． jumped up and down

25．Finally，the monkeys ate _________ bananas for the whole day．

A．less B．more

C．five D．the same number of

DWalt Disney was born in 1901.The Mickey Mouse created(被创作)in 1927 made him very famous.He died in 1966, but his work and his dreams did not die.Now people all over the world enjoy his Mickey Mouse and other cartoons.Walt Disney was a man who did not give up easily.One summer, Walt Disney wanted a job in a post office, but they told him that he was too young.He went home, drew some lines on his face.And put on his father’s suit and hat.Then he went back to the same office and told them he was

18.He got the job finally.Later in his life, Mr Disney had a dream, that is, to build a new kind of amusement park.It would be clean and beautiful.There would be rides for children and nice hotels for adults.It would be fun for people of all ages.Mr Disney drew a plan for this park.It was called Disneyland.Engineers told him it was an impossible dream.His family and friends thought he was mad.But Mr Disney did not give up his idea.In 1955, Disneyland opened to the public and became the most successful amusement park in the USA.Walt Disney’s dream come true.1.When Walt Disney create Mickey Mouse

____________________________________________________

2.What is Walt Disney’s dream.Did it come true

_____________________________________________________

3.Was Walt Disney 18 years old when he got the job in the post office

_____________________________________________________

4.Where is the first Disneyland

_____________________________________________________

5.What’s the meaning of give up

_____________________________________________________

三．情景对话应用15%

一).根据对话内容填入所缺的单词，使句子完整。5%

A It looks like rain,1it

B Yes, it does.And I forgot my2.A Don’t worry.You can use mine.By the way, have you ever3of Sigapore

B Of couse.It’s a wonderful place to4a vocation.And the5there is nearly the same all the year round.A Really Why

B That’s because Singapore is so close to the equator.So you can go there whenever you like.二).根据对话内容完成句子，使对话意思完整。10%

A Have you decided what you want to do after school

B Yes.I have.I1.A The most important requirement to become a flight attendant is speaking English well.But

2.B That’s right.What should I do to improve my English

A3Or maybe4.B That5.I’ll do it right away.四．翻译15%

1.王老师正在和学生们谈论他们喜欢的歌手。（take about sth with sb）

2.开始演讲之前，深吸一口气，你会感觉好些（take a deep breath）

3.你要了一杯水（ask for）

4.小明今天上午一直在学习英语。（all the time）

5.上周学生们在上海玩得很开心。（enjoy oneself）

二）作文9%

现在学生进网吧(get on-line)成风, 某班主任下周开班会时将讨论有关问题.假如你是班主任,请根据内容写一篇演讲稿.益处 1.学会使用现代设备(modern machine)---电脑.2.学习更多的知识(knowledge.).3.玩优秀, 使人更聪明.弊端 1.过于沉迷游戏(spend too much time in playing games).2.网上交友,通信频繁,学习越来越差.建议 1.在校学习时,不上网.2.寒` 暑假时可适当去._____________________________________________________

Keys

听力题：

I.426135II.FTFTTIII.BCACC

IV.1.seven thirty2.theNo 18 bus3.a scarf4.two years5.aquarium选择题：1—5 ADCCA6—10 DBBBA11-15 CCCCA

阅读题A×××√√B C A B D CC A A DC D

D1.He created the Mickey Mouse in 1927.2.His dream is to build a new kind of amusement park.Yes, it did.3.No, he wasn’t.4.It’s in the USA.5.The meaning of give up is 放弃.情景对话应用

一)1.doesn’t, 2.umbrella 3.heard4.take5.temperature

二)1.want to be a flight attendant.2.your speaking English isn’t good enough.3.Why don’t you study English hard

4.You should go to a language school.5.sounds good.is a good idea.看图写句子

1.Would you mind not playing the guitar too loud.Would you mind turning down the music

2.A goldfish is good for people because it’s easy to take care of.3.Kate has ever been to amusement park since 2 days ago.作文(略)

1.王老师正在和学生们谈论他们喜欢的歌手。（take about sth with sb）

Mr Wang is talking about their favourite singers with students.2.我的英语老师给了我许多关于如何学英语的建议（lots of，how to）

My Englisn teacher gives me lots of suggestions about how to learn Englisn.3.开始演讲之前，深吸一口气，你会感觉好些（take a deep breath）

Before giving a speech,taking a deep breath,then you will feel better.4.你擅长说英语吗？（be good at）

Are you good at speaking English?

5.你要了一杯水（ask for）

You asked for a cup of water.6.小明今天上午一直在学习英语。（all the time）

Xiao Ming was studying English all the time this morning.7.上周学生们在上海玩得很开心。（enjoy oneself）

Students enjoyed themselves last week in Shanghai.

第四篇：初二英语下总结范文

人教版初中英语初二下 全册单元要点小结

Unit 15 What do people eat? 单元小结

简单句的五种基本句型 1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)[S + V] 如：The children are playing happily.孩子们正在高兴地玩。

2.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 [S+V+O] 如：The Greens enjoy living in China.格林一家喜欢住在中国。3.主语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P] 该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎)等。如：

① He became a famous doctor.他成为了一名著名的医生。

② The apple pie tastes really delicious.苹果派吃起来真是好吃。

4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 [S+V+InO+DO] 这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。如：

① My aunt bought me a computer.= My aunt bought a computer for me.我阿姨买给我一台电脑。

② I passed him the salt.= I passed the salt to him.我把盐递给他。

5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 [S+V+O+OC] 如：We must keep our school clean.我们必须保持我们的学校清洁。

Unit 16 单元小结

情态动词can的用法 情态动词can只有：can和过去式could两种形式，后面跟动词原形，用于一切人称和单、复数。

1.表示客观条件的许可，意思是“可以”。如：-Can I borrow your bike for today? 我可以借你的自行车用一天吗？-Yes, you can.行。-No, you can‟t.不行。

2.表示具有某种能力，意思是“会”“能”=(be able to)。如：He can speak English.他会讲英语。

3.与否定词not连用，表示否定的推测，意为“不可能”。如：He can‟t be only fifteen.他不可能只有十五岁。

情态动词may的用法

情态动词 may有：may现在式和might过去式两种形式，后面跟动词原形，用于一切人称和单、复数。

1.表示说话人同意，或在疑问句中征求对方许可。意思是“可以”。如： You may take it away.你可以把它拿走。

【注】否定式常用must not(mustn‟t)，表示“不可以”“不许”。如：You mustn‟t smoke here.你不可以在这里吸烟。

2.表示可能性，意为“可能”。如：

He may not come tomorrow.明天他可能不来。

【注】could和might有时作为can和may的过去式，而是表示语气更为客气或委婉。如： Could you tell me how to get to the cinema, please? 你可以告诉我去电影院的路怎么走吗？

Unit 17 You must be more careful 单元小结

情态动词must的用法 情态动词must只有一种形式must，只用于一般现在时和一般将来时，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。

1.表示义务或必要性，意思是“应该，必须”，通常用于肯定句及疑问句。如：

You must close the windows when you leave the classroom.你离开教室时一定要关好窗户。

2.must的否定形式是mustn‟t，意思是“不应该、禁止”，语气较强烈。如： You mustn‟t smoke here.你不许在这里吸烟。

3.由must引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn‟t或don‟t have to，但不可以用mustn‟t。如：-You must go there on foot, mustn‟t you? 你必须走着去那里，是吗？-Yes, I must.是的。

-No, I needn‟t./No, I don‟t have to.不是的。

4.表示说话人对事情进行的肯定推测，意思是“一定、准是”。否定句用can‟t。如： He must be a teacher.他一定是个老师。

【注】must表示推测时，其反意疑问句疑问部分不能用must，而要与它后面的动词保持一致。如：

David must have a sister, doesn‟t he? 大卫肯定有个妹妹，是吗？

由when, before, after, if等连词引导的时间和条件状语从句当主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。如：

If it rains, we won‟t go there.如果下雨，我们就不去。

Unit 18 Seeing the doctor 单元小结

情态动词have to的用法 1.have to意为“不得不”“必须”，后面跟动词原形；第三人称单数形式是has to，过去式是had to，将来式是will have to。如：

He has to go to school now.他现在必须去上学。

2.含有have to的句子否定式通常是在have to前加don‟t, doesn‟t或didn‟t；疑问句通常是在主语前加do, does或did。如：

You don‟t have to tell Jim about it.你不必告诉吉姆这件事。3.have to与must的区别：

have to和must都表示“必须”。have to有人称、数和时态的变化，而must没有人称、数和时态的变化；have to常表示因外界客观因素所致，而must表示说话人的主观看法。另外，have to有多种时态，而must一般只用于现在时。如： ① It‟s raining hard.You have to take the raincoat.雨下得很大，你必须带上雨衣。

② I must be off.Thank you for your help.我得走了。谢谢你的帮助。

系动词的用法

1.连系动词在句子中与其后表语一起构成谓语，表语一般是名词、形容词、副词或介词词组。

2.常见系动词有：be动词；表示状态变化：become, get, grow, fall, turn等；表示感觉：feel, taste, look, smell, sound, seem等。【Unit 15单元小结讲解3】

Unit 19 A visit to an island 单元小结 复合不定代词的用法

1.some, any, every, no都能和one, body, thing一起构成代词，这些代词叫复合不定代词。它们基本含义为： 指

人 somebody someone 某人 anybody anyone 任何人 everybody everyone每人 nobody no one 没人

指物 Something某物某事 anything任何事物 everything一切 nothing没东西

2.一般情况下，some构成的复合不定代词，其作用和some相同，用于肯定句；any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句；no构成的复合不定代词表示否定含义，用于否定句。如：

① I have something to tell you.我有事要告诉你。

② He didn‟t say anything at the meeting yesterday.昨天在会上他没发言。③ Everybody likes swimming.每个人都喜欢游泳。④ There is nothing wrong with your ears.你耳朵没毛病。

3.something可用于提建议或请求的问句中，以及希望说话对方作出肯定回答的问句中。如： Would you like something to eat? 你要吃点东西吗？

4.复合不定代词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Nobody knows his name.没有人知道他的名字。5.不定代词的定语要后置。如：

Is there anything important in today‟s newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗？

Unit 20 Mainly revision 单元小结

情态动词need的用法

1.need作为情态动词表示“需要”“必须”，没有人称、数和时态的变化，主要用于否定句和疑问句。如：

He said he need not hurry.他说他不必匆忙。

2.need的否定形式needn‟t常用来回答以must提问的一般疑问句的否定回答。如：-Must I give the book back in two days? 我应该在两天里归还这本书吗？-No, you needn‟t.不，不用。

3.need主要作实义动词，后面接带to的动词不定式，有人称、数和时态的变化。如： You don‟t need to stay.你没有必要留下。

时间、条件状语从句的时态

1.当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时时，从句要用一般现在时。如：

We‟ll have a picnic if it doesn‟t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨我们将要去野餐。2.主句的谓语动词是“情态动词+动词原形”时，从句也要用一般现在时。如： When the lights are red, the traffic must stop.红灯亮时，车辆必须停下。3.主句是祈使句时，从句也要用一般现在时。如：

Please close the window before you leave the classroom.在你离开教室前请关好窗户。4.主句谓语用一般过去时时，从句也要用一般过去时。如：They talked about the party after people left.人们离开后，他们谈论这次晚会的情况。

Unit 21 She taught herself 单元小结

句子的分类：

1.句子按其用途可分为下列4种类型：陈述句；疑问句；祈使句；感叹句。2.按其结构可分为下列3种类型：

① 简单句：由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成的句子。

② 并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起组成的句子。③ 复合句：由主句和其它从句组成的句子。

并列句及并列连词

常见的并列连词有：and表示并列或承接;so表示因果;but表示转折;or表示选择或转折等。如：①He spoke, and all was still.他一说话，大家都肃静了。②It was late, so I went home.天晚了，因此我就回家去了。

③We love peace but we have to fight for it.我们热爱和平，但我们必须去争取它。④Hurry up, or else we‟ll be late.赶快，不然就晚了。

反身代词的用法

1.单数：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves 2.用法：①作动词或介词的宾语。如：

The child can dress himself.这小孩会自己穿衣服。②作同位语，意为“亲自”“本人”。如： I myself did the work.我亲自做的这件事。

Unit 22 The sports meeting 单元小结

形容词、副词的比较等级

1.形容词、副词比较等级的构成：形容词、副词比较等级有原级、比较级、最高级。原级既形容词或副词的本身，比较级和最高级有规则和不规则变化。【具体变化见本书第三册第三、四单元单元小结。】

2.原级的用法：表示双方程度相等，用“as…as”，意为“和…一样”；表示双方程度不相等用“not so(as)…as”，意思是“和…不一样”或“不如…”。如：①It is as cold as it was yesterday.今天和昨天一样冷。

②Jim didn‟t jump so far as Li Lei.吉姆跳得没有李雷高。

3.比较级的用法：表示两个人或事物的比较用比较级。基本句式为：主语+谓语+比较级+than+比较对象。注意比较双方的性质要一致。如： Your jacket is longer than mine.你的夹克比我的长。

4.最高级的用法：表示三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较用最高级。基本句式为：主语+谓语+最高级+比较范围。比较范围常由of或in词组构成，of指同类人或物；in指地方或单位。如：

She did best in the test of all the students in his class.在他班里所有同学中，她在这次考试中考得最好。

【注】副词最高级前不加the。

5.有时原级、比较级和最高级之间可互相转换。如： She is not as tall as her brother.她比她弟弟矮。=She is shorter than her brother.还有Lesson 86讲解2的情况等。

Unit 23 A famous person 单元小结

冠词及其用法

冠词是位于名词之前，说明名词说指的人或物的一种虚词。分不定冠词(a, an)和定冠词(the)两种。不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单词之前；an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。1.不定冠词的用法：

不定冠词用于可数名词单数形式前。表示某一类人或事物；或指某人或某物但不具体说明何人何物。如：①A bike is very useful in the countryside.自行车在农村里很有用。②A Wang is looking for you.一位姓王的同志组正在找你。2.定冠词的用法：

①表示特指某(些)人或物，或者说话双方共同所指的人或物。如：The flowers in Mary‟s garden are very sweet.玛丽花园中的花很香。

②表示上文已经提到的人或物。如：

The old lady has a son and a daughter.The son is a doctor.The daughter is a teacher.老太太有一个儿子一个女儿，儿子是个医生，女儿是教师。③在序数词和形容词最高级前。如：the first第一 ④在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the earth地球 ⑤在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如： the Summer Palace 颐和园

⑥在姓氏复数前表示“一家人”；在形容词前表示“某一类人。如：the Browns 布朗一家人

the rich 富人

3.冠词还用在习语中：a little一些 on the left在左边

Unit 24 What were they doing? 单元小结

过去进行时的用法(一)

过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成。表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。其用法有：

1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如：

I was doing my homework at eight o‟clock last night.昨晚八点我正在做作业。2.表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。如：

They were building a house last winter.去年冬天他们在建一座房子。3.表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作。常与always等词连用。如：

Little Tom was always asking many questions.小汤姆总是会问许多的问题。

4.动词come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。如：They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.他们想知道我们什么时候去上海。

过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较：

一般过去时强调过去某个时候或某段时间曾有过的某个已结束的动作；过去进行时则强调过去某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：

Lily wrote a letter to her aunt last night.莉莉昨晚给她阿姨写了封信。(信已写完了。)Lily was writing a letter to her aunt last night.莉莉昨晚一直在给她阿姨写信。(强调写的动作一直在进行，信不一定写完。)

Unit 25 The accident

单元小结

五种时态的总结 时态 含义 构成 时态标志

一般现在时 表示经常、反复发生的动作 动词原形动词第三人称单数形式 always, usually, sometimes, every day 现在进行时 表示正在进行或发生的动作 is/am/are+动词的现在分词 look, listen, now … 一般将来时 表示将要发生的动作 will+动词原形;is/am/are going to+动词原形 tomorrow, next week, …

一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态 动词过去式 yesterday, last night, a moment ago …

过去进行时 表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行的动作 was/were +现在分词 this time yesterday, at noon last Sunday …

动词时态中需要注意的几点

1.表示客观真理、事实要用一般现在时。

2.在时间和条件状语从句中必须用一般现在时不是将来的动作或存在的状态。3.表示不以人的意志为转移的将来时只能用will，不可以用be going to。

4.动词go, come, leave, start, arrive等可用一般现在时或现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的事。

„

Unit 26 Mainly revision 单元小结

英语情景对话中的中西文化差异

我们在用英语进行交际时，往往会将汉语的思维方式、表达习惯、文化习俗转移到英语中，导致表达不正确。注意下列几种情况：

1.当你受到赞扬时，答谢时不能“自谦”或“自贬”，而应该高兴地接受他人的赞扬。如：-Your English is very good.误：-No, my English is very poor.正：-Thank you./Very glad to hear that.2.当别人因你的帮忙表示感谢时，回答时不好说“这是我该做的”等。应该接受对方的谢意。如：-Thank you for helping me.误：-It‟s my duty.正：It‟s my pleasure./My pleasure.3.当你接受别人的礼物时，不可以说“真不好意思，让你破费了”等之类的话。应该诚恳的收下，当面打开礼物并说一些表示欣赏的话。如：-Here is the birthday present for you.误：-I‟m really ashamed of myself.You shouldn‟t spend so much money.正：-It‟s so nice of you.Thank you very much.4.在就餐时，不好说“多吃点”或“多喝点”来表示热情、好客。如：-I enjoy the meal very much.误：-If you really think so, eat slowly, eat more.正：-Help yourself, please.

第五篇：初二下英语期中考作文

My Vacation Plan

I'm a Middle School student.I am busy with my study.I have a long vacation this summer and I have a very good vacation plan.First, I will finish doing my homework.Then, I think about going to the Beijing with my parents.I heard Beijing is beautiful and there are many friendly people there.We are leaving the first week in July and staying a week.We are going there by plane.We plan to have a very relaxing vacation.We are going to sightseeing and taking a lot of photos.We’re taking walks, going fishing and going bike riding.At night, we’re renting videos and sleeping a lot.I hope I can forget all my problems.A great vacation!I can’t wait!I am sure we will have a good time in Beijing.我的假期计划

我是一个中学生，我学习很忙。这个夏天我有一个长假，我有一个很好的假期计划。

首先，我要完成我的家庭作业。

然后，我考虑和我的父母一起去北京。我听说北京很漂亮，并且那里有很多友好的人。

我们将在7月的第一个星期离开并且在那里待一个星期。我们将乘飞机去那里。

我们计划度一个非常放松的假期，我们将去观光，并且拍很多照片。我们要去散步，钓鱼和自行车旅行。晚上，我们要租录像带并且睡很多觉。我希望我可以忘记所有的烦恼。

多棒的假期啊！我等不及了！我相信我们将会在北京玩得很开心。