环境类英语论据和例文（精选）

第一篇：环境类英语论据和例文（精选）

颁布实施环境保护的法律法规，把环境保护建立在法制的基础上，不断完善环境法律体系，严格执法程序，加大执法力度，保证环境法律法规的有效实施。--Promulgating and putting into effect laws and regulations regarding environmental protection and placing environmental protection on a legal footing, continuously improving the statutes concerning the environment, formulating strict law-enforcement procedures and increasing the intensity of law enforcement so as to ensure the effective implementation of the environmental laws and regulations.—建立健全各级政府的环境保护机构，形成比较完善的环境管理体制，充分发挥环境监督管理的作用。--Establishing and improving environmental protection organizations under governments at all levels, forming a rather complete environmental control system, and bringing into full play the governments' role in environmental supervision and administration.——开展环境宣传教育，提高全民族的环境意识。广泛进行环境宣传，逐步普及中小学环境教育，发展环境保护在职教育和专业教育，培养环境科学技术和管理方面的专门人才。--Carrying out environmental publicity and education to enhance the whole nation's awareness of the environment.Widely conducting environmental publicity work, gradually popularizing environmental education in secondary and primary schools, developing on-the-job education in environmental protection and vocational education, and training specialized personnel in environmental science and technology as well as environmental administration.——推进环境保护领域的国际合作。积极发展同世界各国和国际组织在环境与发展方面的交流与合作，认真履行国际环境公约，努力发挥中国在国际环境事务中的作用。--Promoting international cooperation in the field of environmental protection.Actively expanding exchanges and cooperation concerning the environment and development with other countries and international organizations, earnestly implementing international environmental conventions, and seeking scope for China's role in global environmental affairs.People all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution.Pollution is caused either by man’s release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance, such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives, is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance, or the ecological balance as it is also known.Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed of sensibly, but clearly while more and more new and complex goods are produced there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from nuclear power stations.Many people, therefore, see pollution as only part of a larger and more complex problem, that is, the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods.Others again see the problem mainly in connection with agriculture, where new methods are helping farmers grow more and more on their land to feed our ever-increasing populations.However, the land itself if gradually becoming worn out as it is being used, in some cases, too heavily, and artificial fertilizers cannot

restore the balance.Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts.In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste.Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of;drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused.This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper.Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy.Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.

第二篇：环境类英语文章

致地球的公开信

First off, allow us to apologize for the abductions.Although it seemed like a good idea at the time, we recognize that too often you did not find the experience as satisfying as we did.We genuinely regret the way things got out of hand.It started out as just something to do, an occasional way to blow off steam after a long day of observation.We tried not to break anybody, and we always put you back where we found you.Frankly you aren't all that interesting, and we might soon have grown tired of the whole thing.But we got such a kick out of your cute eyewitness accounts, what with the stories of our big dark eyes and little arms and all.You made us feel special, even if your tales were complete crap.The books, the movies, the T-shirts—we were like celebrities.And some of you took it all so seriously, with your conspiracy theories and everything.It was really quite a hoot.Then this guy Whitley Strieber came along, and he sort of took the joy out of it, you know? What a killjoy shitbag he is.Today we abduct only nerdy guys who live alone in Airstream trailers, primarily because they're nerds and, truth be told, we just like to mess with their heads.Many of you have written asking about crop circles, so let's set the record straight.It ain't us.Really, it's not.Think about it.You people have trouble reaching your own moon, and even you have cell phones, satellite TV, and high-speed DSL.We sail between stars at speeds you believe impossible—you think we have to knock down veggies in order to communicate? And why do you always assume we land in rural areas? Please.On a planet with New York, Rio de Janeiro, Paris, and Amsterdam, you figure we'd choose to hang out in Roswell, New Mexico? Have any of you actually been there?(By the way, Area 51 is a real hole.In the unlikely event we're ever in the neighborhood again, we're staying someplace else for sure.)We would be remiss if we failed to mention the anal probing.For the longest time, we swear we thought those were data ports.We meant no harm, and hope that you will, like us, try to forget this unfortunate chapter in our history.In retrospect it was simply a bad idea.Now we don't want to be seen as whiners, but there are a few things we wish to discuss.For one thing, we are troubled by the way we have been portrayed in the media.We represent an array of life whose richness and sheer scope would astound you.Yet for the most part, on this planet we are typecast as either hairless dweebs with foreheads like watermelons, or else giant insects who want to eat you.No offense, but this is especially hard to take from a backwater planet most beings have never heard of.(In fairness, this is not entirely true.Earth is generally known for one thing: cottage cheese.Seriously, nobody else ever thought of that.Not even the Loboölata, who are themselves dairy products.)The very word “alien” is plagued by negative associations.According to our latest focus groups, the term conjures up images of 1)slimy, parasitic creatures who spring onto the faces of unsuspecting beings in order to plant their young inside, or 2)people picking cabbages.(Apologies to the Bulibians: slimy, parasitic creatures who actually do spring onto the faces of unsuspecting beings in order to plant their young inside.)We've discussed this among ourselves, and we no longer wish to be called aliens.Henceforth, we prefer to be called “Chuck Norris®.” Please do not shorten, hyphenate, or alter this in any way.The plural form is the same, as in, “Hey, there goes a Chuck Norris®.Wait, there goes another one.“ Finally, some advice.Look, from where we sit, you're all the same.We appreciate that human beings come in slightly different models and colors, and to you these nearly imperceptible differences seem to cause no end of trouble.But honestly, we're astounded that you can even tell yourselves apart.In blind taste tests, in fact, the average Chuck Norris® cannot detect any difference whatsoever.So chill, people of Earth, and try to get along.While you're in a reflective mood, take a closer look at what you're doing to your planet.You are ruining it: depleting your natural resources, polluting your air, sickening your oceans, and destroying unique species forever.This is just plain wrong, not to mention completely irrational.Everyone knows that the logical thing is to find somebody else's planet and ruin that.Noobs.How can you possibly expect to survive in the coming interstellar economy? By the way, we've elected you to come up with the new shared unit of galactic currency.Just pick something small and ubiquitous, something of nominal value that you won't miss much.It's your call, but we suggest hamsters.In closing, much of what you do befuddles us.Many of your core concepts—such as guilt, selflessness, and David Hasselhoff—simply have no counterparts in non-Terran cultures.You're what galactic sociologists call “a bunch of strange ducks.”

Yet for reasons not entirely clear, we have developed a certain affection for you.We'd just as soon keep you around, if only for the entertainment value.We're going away for a bit now, and when we return, we expect to find that you have made significant progress toward sitting at the adults’ table.This will, of course, mean fewer senseless military conflicts, less reality television, and no more Sudoku.Don't make us come down there.全球变暖

Many people believe that human activity is causing the earth’s temperature to rise.They say that this global warming will have dreadful consequences for our environment, such as drought and flooding.What should governments do to help prevent global warming? Give reasons for your suggestions.The earth’s temperature is rapidly changing.As a result there has been a lot of climate change such as heat waves, droughts and floods.Scientists believe that this is the result of human activity, which is polluting the Earth’s atmosphere.This could become a disaster if governments do not act to help prevent global warming.They can act in three ways;by supporting research, by making laws and by keeping the general public informed.Firstly, governments can support research.For example, they should encourage companies to develop vehicles that cause less pollution.They should also support alternative sources of electricity from wind and water rather than from oil and coal.As well, they should sponsor conferences to discuss the effects of greenhouse gas emissions and possible solutions to the problem.Secondly, they should make laws that limit the amount of greenhouse gases that companies can emit.Private companies should be rewarded for following these laws.They should also be punished for creating pollution.Finally, everybody is affected by global warming.Therefore, it is important that governments involve individuals in the problem solving process.For example they should encourage households to save as much energy as possible by using more efficient light bulbs or less hot water.They should also encourage the public to recycle, and this should be compulsory for everyone.Another way of saving energy is by public transport systems.Governments should spend money on public transport to make it as easy as possible for the public to save energy.In summary, it is clear that there are a lot of things that governments can do to prevent global warming.They should involve companies, support scientists and encourage individuals to protect the planet.高中生英语演讲稿:Caring for Environment来源: 未知

作者:sunjianfei

更新日期：2010-12-27 19:15:46

浏览:857次

所属分类/专：

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen: Today, it is my great honor to be here and talk about environment, I'll try my best!The title of my speech is Let us put our words into our deeds.China will never forget the day July 13, 2001, on whic Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen:

Today, it is my great honor to be here and talk about environment, I'll try my best!The title of my speech is“ Let us put our words into our deeds.” China will never forget the day July 13, 2001, on which China succeeded in the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.Never will China forget the promise that she has made to the whole world---by September 2008, the capital will be turned into a “green city”, with the clean air,a pretty envirnment and a good ecosystem,to meet the demands to host the Olympic Games.It's a long way to go, and it's a long long long way to go for us to save the earth.For China,tourism is one of the most promising industries in the 21st century.It provides people the great opportunity to seeeverything there is to see and to go any place there is to go.It has become a lifestyle for some people,and has turned out to be the driving force in GDP growth,it has the magic to turn a backward town into a wonderland of prosperity.But on the other hand, tourism has caused many problems on our environment.According to a survey by China Biosphere National Council, 22% of nature preserves in china have been damaged as a result of the development of tourism, 11% of natural resources have degenerated.ww

w.yingyu6.com

Suppose you are standing in a forest,birds are flying in the sky,they are so happy;red flowers,green grass,butterflies are dancing in the air,they are so cheerful.Then one day a strange creature appears, walking on its two hind legs and staring at you.Greatly alarmed, you stop singing and fly away.Since then, more creatures have appeared.They clear the land and cut down trees.As a result, you don't have enough food or shelter.Some of your friends have died of drinking the wastewater they pumped into the stream or of eating the litter they left on the ground.The forest is dead silent now except for the noises those creatures make.Sadly, you think by yourself, “Maybe it is time for me to go.” I hate to see that the global environment has changed for the worse during the past few years: Forests are cleared, prairies trampled, rivers and lakes polluted, wild animals are driven away and plants are endangered.We should realize that we can no longer stand by and do nothing.The nature is the cradle of human beings and it is also the base of the tourist industry.The nature is harmonious because of the chain of life that exists everywhere.It is possible for us to maintain a balance between the needs of man and the needs of the nature.But the nature is also fragile.Every minor damage in one link may result in an ecological disaster.We must do something to protect environment, we must put our words into our deeds.It can be as simple as do not litter, strictly observe the rules and regulations of the tourist areas, Use as few plastic bags and boxes as possible.When traveling , wherever possible, use public transportation instead of always driving your own car.Once you are in a scenic area, like in the mountains or in a forest, don't make loud noises, keep quiet so as not to disturb birds or animals.One more thing, go up and interfere whenever you see anyone doing something harmful to the environment.So let's shake hands together now as friends and see what we can do to make our one and only home a place of love and harmony.Just think what a woundful world it will be!That's all.Thank you very much!

第三篇：环境类英语演讲稿

下面这份英语演讲稿是关于环境主题的，请看xiexiebang的推荐

It provides people the great opportunity to see everything there is to see and to go any pl　ace there is to go.It has become a lifestyle for some people,and has turned out to be the driving force in GDp growth,it has the magic to turn a backward town into a wonderland of prosperity.According to a survey by China Biosphere National Council, 22% of nature preserves in china have been damaged as a result of the development of tourism, 11% of natural resources have degenerated.The nature is harmonious because of the chain of life that exists everywhere.It is possible for us to maintain a balance between the needs of man and the needs of the nature.But the nature is also fragile.Every minor damage in one link may result in an ecological disaster.So let's shake hands together now as friends and see what we can do to make our one and only home a place of love and harmony.Just think what a woundful world it will be!

China will never forget the day July 13, 2001, on which China succeeded in the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.Never will China forget the promise that she has made to the whole world---by September 2008, the capital will be turned into a “green city”, with the clean air,a pretty envirnment and a good ecosystem,to meet the demands to host the Olympic Games.It's a long way to go, and it's a long long long way to go for us to save the earth.For China,tourism is one of the most promising industries in the 21st century.It provides people the great opportunity to see everything there is to see and to go any place there is to go.It has become a lifestyle for some people,and has turned out to be the driving force in GDp growth,it has the magic to turn a backward town into a wonderland of prosperity.But on the other hand, tourism has caused many problems on our environment.According to a survey by China Biosphere National Council, 22% of nature preserves in china have been damaged as a result of the development of tourism, 11% of natural resources have degenerated.Suppose you are standing in a forest,birds are flying in the sky,they are so happy;red flowers,green grass,butterflies are dancing in the air,they are so cheerful.Then one day a strange creature appears, walking on its two hind legs and staring at you.Greatly alarmed, you stop singing and fly away.Since then, more creatures have appeared.They clear the land and cut down trees.As a result, you don't have enough food or shelter.Some of your friends have died of drinking the wastewater they pumped into the stream or of eating the litter they left on the ground.The forest is dead silent now except for the noises those creatures make.Sadly, you think by yourself, “Maybe it is time for me to go.”

I hate to see that the global environment has changed for the worse during the past few years: Forests are cleared, prairies trampled, rivers and lakes polluted, wild animals are driven away and plants are endangered.We should realize that we can no longer stand by and do nothing.The nature is the cradle of human beings and it is also the base of the tourist industry.The nature is harmonious because of the chain of life that exists everywhere.It is possible for us to maintain a balance between the needs of man and the needs of the nature.But the nature is also fragile.Every minor damage in one link may result in an ecological disaster.We must do something to protect environment, we must put our words into our deeds.It can be as simple as do not litter, strictly observe the rules and regulations of the tourist areas, Use as few plastic bags and boxes as possible.When traveling , wherever possible, use public transportation instead of always driving your own car.Once you are in a scenic area, like in the mountains or in a forest, don't make loud noises, keep quiet so as not to disturb birds or animals.One more thing, go up and interfere whenever you see anyone doing something harmful to the environment.

第四篇：2017考研英语作文环境类

凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构

2017考研英语作文环境类范文

作文预测

大作文话题类型：1.抽象品质;2.社会现象类 3.社会问题类

预测话题包括：1.网络类(网购、微博、微信等新现象);2.抽象品质类(梦想与行动、创新、诚信等)3.环境类(节约型社会、交通状况、动物/资源保护等)4.社会现象类(剽窃，明星代言、真人秀等)

预测作文范文

环境类(交通状况、动物/资源保护、节约型社会等)

(Common as it is, the above picture has deep implication).As is vividly shown in the cartoon, at least five patients are staying in one hospital who are injured because of jay-walking, driving after drinking and disregarding of the laws.If we take a closer watch, it is of little difficulty to find that one police is patiently explicating the traffic laws to one injured person, sitting at a wheel chair which is pushed by one nurse.There is no doubt that it describes a common phenomenon in our society that traffic problems are increasingly severe.What might trigger this affair?(For my part, the following two are of utmost importance.)For one part, the general public have failed to realize the importance of abiding by the traffic regulations and laws(and a big deal of the attention have been distracted by the so-called“great affair”).Once some drivers easily disregard the traffic signals, so do other drivers who intend to obey the laws.Moreover, the current state of affairs depicted in the drawing, may have been encouraged, though not justified, by the lack of severe legal penalty.If someone does disorderly parking or drive under the influence of alcohol, the punishment is not so harsh that the drivers could afford to learn a heavy lesson from the fine.(If we let this situation continue as it is, ultimately, our society will suffer a great destruction.)

It is advisable for us to take steps to reverse this current evil trend.On one hand, we should cultivate the awareness of people that everyone needs to reflect on his or her uncivilized conducts and strengthen his self-discipline.On the other hand, it is high time that more severe and sound laws and regulations should be introduced to harness and curb this matter.Only in this way, can we crack the hard nut and embrace a bright future.凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构

范文一：

A thought-provoking dialogue between the mother elephant and her own child appears in the first picture.Having growing his teeth, the young elephant is eager to share the exciting news with his mother.However, after repeating his words several times, there is still no response coming from the mother.Meanwhile, the attractive caption in the second photo reads: no trade, no kill.The above pictures unveil a hazard posed to wildlife due to the expanding scale of world commercial hunting.At least two fundamental factors could contribute to this phenomenon.The industry of commercial hunting have undergone a booming expansion(along with the growing public awareness of the merits of wildlife, which makes/), making hunting unusually profitable.Worse still, lacking knowledge regarding the significance of ecological balance, some people take the gun to chase animals insatiably(and thus cause a severe threat to all life in the world).Apparently, this trend will surely in turn endanger humankind in the long run.(On no account should we turn a blind eye to such things.//All these factors above make it crucial to take drastic measures to protect the wildlife.)Accordingly, governments all over the world are supposed to unite to work out effective measures against commercial hunting.Additionally, people should be educated from childhood to cultivate the awareness that we and the rare wild animals share the same precious planet.I do believe a harmonious relationship between the wildlife and human beings is awaiting us if we make every effort to promote wildlife protection both nationally and internationally.范文二：

The drawing does mirror a common social phenomenon and is really thought-provoking.According to the above photo, a couple of elephants are walking forward slowly while the young elephant says to his mother, “Mom, my tusks start to grow up!

But mom, why aren’t you happy about that?” What is conveyed carries the message of the human’s threat on the wild animals by catching and killing.A host of reasons may make this happen.To start with, an army of hunters have been killing rare wild animals just to make huge profits.That is the very reason why the mother elephant does not glad to hear that her son’s ivory growing.Another significant cause of the rapid reduction of wildlife is the disappearance of their natural habitats.Because of the fast advancing of urbanization, animals are forced to give up their original places and move to another site which may not be as good as before.凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构

Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take drastic and effective measures to protect the wildlife.On the one hand, we can appeal to the government to make some strict laws to prevent them from being caught and killed.On another level, we must enhance citizen's awareness that loving the nature is everybody's responsibility.Only through these measures are we able to have opportunities to expect a beautiful world and a promising prospect to come.What is explicitly demonstrated in the above caricature is that there sits an individual by the river bank, fully equipped with a protective mask, who is fishing in the acid rain with an umbrella in his right hand.It is not difficult to notice that what he got from the highly polluted river is a fishbone rather than a real one and noxious gases are pouring into the sky continuously which is already dusky.What might trigger this phenomenon? Previously, it is widely admitted that the authorities concerned have failed to enact strict legislations and regulations to curb environmental detriment, which has exerted negative impact on the daily life of the average folks.Simultaneously, there is no denying that citizens lack of awareness of protecting the surroundings we are living in, which are vital to us.Ultimately, another contributory factor to this situation is that some folks are tempted by the economic motivation so that they put the environment at risk..Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to reverse this disturbing trend.To begin with, relevant laws should be made to severely punish those who deliberately destruct the environment.In addition, the awareness of the public should be cultivated that guarding the circumstance we are dwelling in is protecting our own homeland.Only by enforcing these actions, can we effectively, efficiently and eventually crack this hard nut and embrace a promising community.3 页 共 3 页

凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构

What is vividly revealed in the picture is that water is being reused in daily life at home.After washing rice, the water can be used to wash vegetables and then clean the mop and the toilet.What a harmonious scene it is!

It is not difficult to find that what the picture intends to express is the importance of saving and protecting resources.On the one hand, as we all know, water resource is limited and water shortage is still a serious problem threatening the existence and survival of the whole human being.On the other hand, the phenomenon of wasting water can still be easily found anywhere in our daily life.For example, water taps are frequently left on by careless users.Someone even assumes that they have the right to waste water because they pay for it o that it has nothing to do with others.In fact, so precious water is that we cannot afford to waste it.Water resource is not only indispensable in our daily life but also in the industry and agriculture.It is hard to imagine what the world would be like when there I is no more water.It is fortunate that now the public is starting to pay attention.But, this is not adequate.As is shown in the above picture, what we need is more actions to save and protect resources!First of all, social environment is shaped by the general public, and the cultivation of conservation-minded society depends on the active involvement of every member of our society, be he old or young.Accordingly, an education campaign should be launched to call on people from all walks of life to save and protect resources.In addition, saving and protecting resources is bound up with our daily life.We, college students, should spare no efforts to save valuable energy and natural resources such as power, water, coal, gas and so on.Only by the joint efforts of the whole society can we create a real conservation-minded society.4 页 共 4 页

第五篇：高考辩证类思维论据

辩证思维类论据 一、一分为二看问题 【正例】

1、幼苗的成长，少不了时雨的灌溉，少不了除草灭虫。王阳明说：“时雨春风，沾被卉水，莫不萌发越发，自然日长月化。”“时雨”乃“及时雨”。若“久旱不雨”，则苗必枯萎，然而如果是“狂风暴雨”，禾苗也必然被淹。

2、战国时，秦国面对联合起来的六国，励精图治，起用商鞍变法，时时警惕，不敢有丝毫松懈情绪，最后把六国逐一消灭。所以说，敌对力量存在对自己有威胁，但也对自己有激励作用。一旦没有了对抗力量，秦国自以为高枕无忧了，却被陈胜领导的农民起义军推翻了。

3、春秋时，吴王夫差替父报仇，一举把越国打败，吴王夫差洋洋自得，放虎归山，留下越王勾践，让他成为吴王的人质，没想到越王勾践尝胆卧薪，刻苦自励以图复国，二十年后，越国又击败吴国，夫差请求勾践仁义待他，勾践却不予理睬，把夫差杀了。

4、韩愈在《原道》中说：“坐井而观天，曰天小者，非天小也。”这就是说坐井观天，若说天的一部分有井口大是对的；若说天只有井口大就错了。

5、“管宁割席”的故事传颂至今，人们一直把管宁作为不慕荣华，不贪金钱的典型加以宣传。但管宁不能一分为二地看待自己的朋友，只采取绝交的态度，也实在过于片面了。

6、牵牛花是缠绕茎草本花，靠攀附在篱笆支架上成长。有人贬斥它的软骨头，没有人格，靠依附，可悲。有人赞美它，能利用他物发展自己，开花结果，成就一番事业，可喜。

7、小草与庄稼争肥料，争地盘，影响庄稼生长，农民把它斩草除根。但它生命力极强，高山、石隙、洼地，都苗壮成长。人们常用“疾风知劲草”“野火烧不尽，春风吹又生”来赞颂它。

【引言】

1、尺有所短，寸有所长;物有所不足，智有所不明。——屈原

2、圣人千虑，必有一失;愚人千虑，必有一得。——《晏子春秋》

3、动兮静所伏，静兮动所倚。—―白居易

4、水至清则无鱼，人至察则无徒。

5、既然太阳也有黑点，“人世间的事情”就更不可能没有缺陷。——（俄）车尔尼雪夫斯基

【反例】

l、早在五十年代，著名教授马寅初先生就提出了控制人口的建议，但被否定了。因为当时正值建国初期，百废待兴，只看到人作为生产者的一面，提出“多生几个社会主义事业接班人”，一味地强调人多力量大。却不曾想到，人既是生产者，也是消费者，以至酿成了一个大错误。

2、古希腊著名学者亚里斯多德堪称得上博学多才，为人所敬仰。但他的“天动学说”是错误的理论，并被当时欧洲最高权威的教皇奉为真理，流传1800多年，可以说是对人类探讨天体的科学研究起到了阻碍作用。

3、虢国的国君喜欢听人家说讨好奉承话而不喜欢听真话、实话，结果京城被别国攻陷，靠一个车夫才落荒而逃保住性命。后来国君问车夫，我逃出城门时，你怎么正好在那里？你事先知道要出事？车夫点头，国君说你怎么不说，车夫说你不喜欢真话，我不敢说。国君大怒，训斥了车夫一顿，晚上车夫逃走，虢国国君被野兽吃掉。

二、用发展的眼光看待一切 【正例】

1、宋国一农夫得一玉石，他把它献给地方长官子罕先生。了罕坚决不接收，并说：“你把玉送给我，我是得到了宝物。而我若接你的宝玉，那末，我自己的清廉这宝物也由此失去了。事物都是这样转化的。

2、有个人为了灭鼠养一只猫，这猫既帮他抓老鼠，又给他解闷儿，他就多养几只猫，逐渐有一百多只，猫一多，无鼠可吃，主人买肉给它们吃，渐渐地猫的后代只知吃肉，不知吃老鼠。

3、一只母鹰辛辛苦苦把自己的孩子养成一只成年的雄鹰。这雄鹰对自己的母亲十分孝敬，不让母鹰出去寻食，早上又守护在母鹰身边。母鹰觉得自己衰老加快了，她安排孩子远行闯荡世界，在没有儿子照料的情况下，一切都靠自己。一年后，小鹰来看望母亲，意外发现老鹰巳非常矫健。

4苏阿芒连续三年落榜，后自学，掌握了多国文字，应邀参加国际语言学会，在50多个国家和的去发表论文。范仲淹两岁丧父，随母改嫁，幼时读书连稠一点粥都难吃到；司马光出身贫寒；大学士宋濂家中一贫如洗;高尔基曾是个流浪儿；荷兰画家梵高曾生活常靠弟弟接济；丹麦童话作家安徒生出身鞋匠家庭，衣不蔽体；居里夫人刚满十岁就打工，供姐姐读书。这些人后来都成了很有成就的名人。

5、雍丘地方有个叫北宫殖的打鱼人，拾到一颗罕见的大珍珠，晚上这珍珠发出的光可以照很远，人们都知道了。不几天，国君派人来对北宫殖说：把珍珠送进宫，保你荣华富贵。北宫殖的父亲却认为，献珍珠成了暴发户，就会骄奢淫逸，骄奢淫逸就容易招惹祸患。于是与北宫殖一齐动手，把珍珠砸个粉碎。

6、挪威人捕沙丁鱼，抵港时若是活的，卖价就极高。所以渔民们千方百计想让鱼活着抵港。很多人的努力都失败。唯有一艘这样的船，船民把一条馀鲶扔进沙丁鱼成群的槽里。鲶鱼不自在乱游乱撞，沙丁鱼们紧张地不停游动。直到船抵港，沙丁鱼们还在乱蹦乱跳。

7、陈平长得高大俊美，但年轻时只喜交游，不愿耕种，故家贫。同县一张女嫁五家均丧夫，别人不敢再娶这张女，陈平却愿娶。张母到陈家拜访，陈平虽贫穷到用草席拦门，但门口车印仍很多，张母就答应了。她说：像陈平这样漂亮而且交际又广的人，绝不会长久地贫穷和处于低位的，后陈平果然官至丞相。

8、老鼠是令人厌恶的坏东西。可是经过训练的老鼠却成了公安战士的好助手，凭着它的嗅觉，能侦察出飞机、汽车、火车、轮船上的行李中的毒品和爆炸物。

9、薛潭拜秦青学唱歌。薛潭学了→段时间就认为学得差不多了，就向秦青告别，秦青在凉亭设酒宴送行。酒过三巡，秦青击节引吭，高歌送别曲，森林震撼，白云遏止，小鸟停唱。薛潭顿感技元止境，总是发展变化的。感到很愧羞，马上谢罪，继续跟秦青学唱歌。

10、战国四君子之一的孟尝君叫门客冯谖去薛地收债。一天工夫，冯谖就回到孟尝君府邸，孟尝君奇怪地问为什么这么秧，冯谖说，我假借你的命令把债全部送给老百姓，并当场烧毁债据，这叫买义。孟尝君不悦。后来孟尝君被齐王驱逐回到封地薛，百姓夹道欢迎。孟尝君这才悟出冯谖的买义的先见之明。，【引言】

2、离离原上草，一岁一枯荣，野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。——白居易

4、沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。——刘禹锡

5、山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村。

7、人生颇富机会和变化，人最得意的时候，有最大的不幸光临—―亚里士多德

8、万物必有盛衰，万物必有弛张。—―韩非子

9、君子食无求饱，居无求安。――孔子 【反例】

1、美国阿拉斯加一自然保护区养了鹿群，为了不使鹿群受伤害，主人将狼捕杀光。从此，鹿群处于没有天敌的“安乐窝”中，迅速繁殖，十年之后，由千只发展到四万只，保护区里的植物因被鹿食用与践踏而凋零，鹿本身也因运动减少体质下降，导致大批死亡。

2、某教师刚参加工作日才，恨不得把满肚子的知识传授给学生。因而充分发挥”满堂灌“的作用?学生无暇思索与接受，结果，学生学习成绩下降，家长意见很大。

3、《吕氏春秋》中有一段《刻舟求剑》的寓言故事说：楚国有一个渡江的人，他的剑从船上掉到水里去了，他赶快在船上刻了一个记号，说：“我的剑是从这儿掉到水里去的。”船停止了，他就从做记号的地方下水去找剑。试想，船已经走了，剑却没有走，像这样去找剑，不是很糊涂吗?

4、秦国采用商鞍变法后凭借它的武力，终于造成了万乘之势，使所有国家朝拜它，建立了中国第一个统一的封建集权的朝代。然而它建国后仍然采用战争时候的高压政策对待百姓，不去适应变化了的形势。因此，秦王朝仅只维持了二十多年，就被陈胜领导的农民起义军推翻了。

5、楚国想偷袭宋国，他们事先在进军必经的流河里浅水处做过目标记，没想到，这晚上滩水突然涨水，楚国的军队仍然依原标记渡洞，故淹死无数士兵，渡河失败。

6、古时成阳堪，把儿子教育成知书达理的读书人，平时大家都称赞成阳堪的儿子有教养。一天成阳堪家里发生火灾，成叫儿子去亲戚家借梯子救火。儿子为了显示自己的识礼，所以花费了不少时间与亲戚寒喧，直到亲戚问有什么事，他才慢条斯理地说出原委，亲戚家赶紧扛梯去救火，成阳堪家已变成废墟了。

三、量变与质变 【正例】 l、《文史通义》的作者章学诚，年轻时接受能力较差，记忆力也不十分好，读私塾时，常为背几十个字伤脑筋。但他日夜苦读，由少积多，终于成为大学者。

2、三国时的董遇，家贫无力上学，靠卖柴糊口，但他利用“冬者岁之余，夜者日之余，阴雨者时之余”，抓紧时间勤学苦读，依靠自学终成名重一时的学者。

3、一位青年画家专程请教大画家阿道夫•门采尔：”我画一幅画只要不到一天，可为什么卖掉它却要等上整整一年？门采尔笑着回答：“请倒过来试试吧。要是你花一年功夫去画，那么，只要一天功夫就准能卖掉它了。”青年画家接受了门采尔的忠告，回去后认真苦练基本功，深入搜集素材，经过周密的构思，用近一年功夫创作了一幅油画。果然，这幅不到一天就卖掉了。

【引言】

1、台上一分钟，台下千日功。——俗语

2、不积跬步，无以至千里。——《荀子•劝学》

3、祸患常积于忽微——欧阳修

4、千里之堤，渍于蚁穴。――俗语 【反例】

1、天津有一个当祖父的人，宠爱小孙子，让孙儿用牙签在自己脸上乱戳，结果酿成悲剧，眼睛被惯坏了的孙儿扎瞎。

2、战国时，虞国虞学会造漆，他发现把漆树叶子熬成膏掺在漆中能降低成本，以此成了富翁。一次，他带了一大批漆前去吴国，吴国此时正与越国打仗，漆的来源断了。虞学大受吴人欢迎，成交时有人见漆桶上封条很新，怀疑内中有假，就借故说二十天后取货，二十天后，漆全部变质，虞学漆没卖出，盘缠也没有了，饿死吴国。

3、在一个小村庄里，有一口水很清，很甜的水井，过路人都愿意在这里歇脚喝水。一天，一老者发现水井比以往浅了一些，便对村民说，你们这口井该掏掏了，村民很不以为然，没有接受。第二年春大旱，井水干枯，全村人只好外出逃荒讨饭

4、一个抢劫杀人犯临刑前请求见母亲一面。他母亲来后，他以要报母亲养育之恩为由要吮母亲的奶，母亲答应了，抢劫犯一口咬掉母亲的乳头，痛苦地说：我小时候偷一根针拿回家，你老人家竟说我是乖孩子，懂得顾家。于是，我偷之胆越来越大，偷之物越来越多，由偷而抢，最终走上刑场，告别人间，妈妈，我恨你。

四、新生事物 【正例】

1、华东师范大学崛起45岁左右的“小字辈”博士生导师群体，其学术领域覆盖18个博士点，超过该校现有的博士学科总数的半数以上，现已有25名这样的博士导师活跃在校园里。

2、在汉城奥运会上，美国的曾"创造50米自由泳世界记录的比昂迪奋力游到终点，当他抬头看时，发现独联体选手比他领先一指夺走了金牌，比昂迪脸上现出灿烂的笑容，由衷地感到欣慰，他过去拥抱了那位把自己打败的对手。

3、果树枝头，硕果累累，秋叶却飘落了，把自己揉进了护根的泥土，默默地给果树输送营养。

【引言】

1、天时人事日相催，冬至阳生春又来。—―白居易

2、革命尚未成功，同志仍须努力。—―孙中山

3、芳林新叶催陈叶，流水前波让后波。——刘禹锡

4、历史道路不是涅瓦大街上的人行道，它完全是在田野中前进的，有时穿过尘埃，有时穿过泥泞，有时横渡沼泽，有时行经丛林。——（俄〉车尼雪夫斯基

5、最可怕的敌人，就是缺乏坚强的信念。——（法）罗曼•罗兰

6、平静的湖面，练不出精悍的水手，安逸的环境，造不出伟大的时代。——（俄）列别捷夫

7、枫林新叶催陈叶，雏凤清于老风声。——李商隐

五、内因与外因 【正例】

1、一定的温度，可以使鸡蛋孵出小鸡，却不能使石头孵出小鸡。但是，如果没有一定的温度这个外因条件，鸡蛋也是孵不出小鸡的。

2、我国著名的水稻育种专家，号称“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平，培育出多种高产优质的水稻新品种。著名小麦育种专家解俊峰等五人，历时21年，培养出6种巨穗小麦新品种。水稻和小麦生产，有了优良种籽这个变化的依据，再加上良好的水、肥等外部因素，才能高产优质，取得巨大的经济效益。

3、打铁先得自身硬。孔繁森、李润

五、李国安、吴天祥等党的好干部，面对商品经济的大潮，站得正，立得稳，勤政廉政，努力工作，为党旗增了辉，为人民立了大功。

4、人体存在着同化和异化及遗传和变异的矛盾，人体每一瞬间都有旧的细胞死亡，又有新的细胞产生。正是这种自身的内部矛盾在推动着人生由幼年到少年，由少年到青年以至中老年的变化发展。

5、两军相争，一胜一败，所以胜败，皆决寇于内因，胜者或因其强，或因其指挥元误，败者或因其弱，或因其指挥失宜，外因通过内因而起作用。

6、战国时代的苏秦，从鬼谷子学习纵横术出游数载，失意而归。家中人都瞧不起他，他仍发愤读《阴符经》，每至深夜，要瞌睡了，便引锥刺股，终于学成，挂了六国相印抗秦。

7、著名画家黄幻吾有将“污纸成画”的绝技。一次他当众宣布：“我能在有墨污的纸上作画，请哪位同志在纸上随便涂画两笔，把纸弄脏，我马上就能画成一幅画。”观众中走出一人，在纸上画了两个圆圈。黄先生沉思片刻，先将圆圈画成两个葫芦，再添枝加叶又在近旁画一小鸟。几分钟，一随生机勃勃的葫芦小鸟图就画成了，观众无不拍案叫绝。

【引言】

1、有志者二事意成，破釜沉舟，百二秦关终属楚；苦心人，天不负，卧薪尝胆，三千越甲可吞吴。——蒲松龄

2、富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，成或不能屈。——孟子 【反例】

l、弈秋是全国名的棋手，他收了两个智力相当的学生，其中一位全神贯注静心听讲，一位虽然也坐在那里听讲，但心里却想着有一群大雁将要从这里飞过，随时准备张弓射雁。同一位老师，同一学习内容，外因是完全相同的。但一个专心致志，虚心学习，结果棋艺大进；另一个心猿意马，用心不专，棋艺无甚长进。（《孟子•告子上》）

2、病菌能使身体衰弱的人致病；在商品经济的大海中，开金主义腐蚀了一批意志薄弱的人。原北京市市委书记陈希同、副市长王宝森就是这类人的典型。

3、《伶官传序》中的庄宗，当他即位之后，沉溺于花天酒地，歌舞升平之中，结果“令数十伶人所困”，丢掉了后唐江山。

六、现象与本质 【正例】

1、中世纪的欧洲曾发生过一场可怕的病疫，在不长的时间里死了大约、2500万人。许多人“无缘无故”的发热，寒战、剧烈头疼，神经错乱。当时有人以为是“天意”。后来科学家发现它是由一种细菌引起的。鼠疫杆菌的传染，就是隐藏在现象后面的本质。

2、小苹果从树上掉下来.没有飞到天上去；-块在石头被抛向天空，它必然降落到地上„„牛顿在前人科学成果的基础上，经过艰苦的研究，发现这类现象是地球引力作用的结果。

4、有人说，门捷列夫是在玩扑克牌时发现元素周期律的。实际上，门捷列夫吸取了前人的成果，自己又经过20年探索，做了无数次的实验，积累关于各种元素的基本资料，终于从中发现了元素周期律。

5、古希腊杰出的科学家阿基米德在洗澡时感到入水越深，身体也越轻。由于深入思考，发现了液体静力学的基本原理——阿基米德原理。他根据这个原理，解开了工匠在王冠里掺假之谜。

6、有人问三个砌砖工人在做什么，第一个说“砌砖”；第二个人说“赚工资”；第三个人说：“建造世界上最富有特色的房子”。后来，第三个成了有名的建筑师。

7、伯乐善于相马，写了总结经验的书在《相马经》。伯乐的儿子拿着这本《相马经》去寻找千里马。每见一马便拿出父亲的《相马经》对照是不是额高且丰满，两眼圆而闪亮，蹄子粗壮而结实。后来他找到二匹符合这种要求的马，骑上回家，不料这马只跑了百把里路，就倒地而死，伯乐的儿子只好步行回家。

8、齐国宰相管仲得病后建议齐桓公不可重用易牙、竖刁、常之巫、公子启方，齐桓公不解地说：“这四人忠心。易牙把自己的孩子煮给我吃，竖刁为在我身边待奉，自阉当太监；常之巫测祸福，帮我逢凶化吉；公子启方父亲病故，他不肯离我奔丧。”管仲死后，齐桓公起初按管仲的劝说做了，但后来又把此四人召回宫。不日，齐桓公病，四个趁机切断齐桓公与外界的一切联系，齐桓公惨死宫中。

9、齐国曲鞍地方的路旁有一棵高大的树，人们经过这里都要啧啧称奇，唯有一个叫匠石的木匠师傅每天路过大树，一眼也不看这棵大树。他徒弟问他何故，他说：“那是一棵无价值的树，不然的话它不能安安稳稳在这里活这么多年。”果然，这种树的木材做船透水，做家具有怪味，做棺木很快就腐烂。

【引言】

2、见一落叶，而知岁之将暮；睹瓶中之冰，而知天下之寒。——《淮南子》

3、金无足赤，人无完人。——俗语 【反例】

1、一个渔夫把一条小鱼放在大路边有水的树洞里之后走了。一个赶路人路过大树，见树洞里竟有一条活蹦乱跳的小鱼，以为是神鱼。一传十，十传百，神鱼的传说越来越奇，不少人在树前烧香祭拜，保佑平安。香火竟然超过附近的寺庙。一天，那放鱼的渔夫又路过这里，心中只能暗自好笑。

2、地球上的人们，看到每天太阳从东方升起，到西方落下的现象，认为太阳和其它星球都在围绕地球旋转。这就是托勒密的地球中心说。后来，哥白尼的太阳中心说证实了它的错误。

七、联系与制约 【正例】

1、富兰克林年轻时，曾经到英国伦敦的巴茨印刷所当工人。那时，全所50多个工人，受社会上饮酒风气的影响，人人嗜好啤酒。但是，富兰克林却滴酒不入，只吃面包喝清水，他劝工人们说：“体育锻炼可以健身。”可是人们不听，并嘲笑他是“喝清水的美洲人”。富兰克林工作之余，经常散步、游泳、做体操和跑步，身体越来越结实。一次，工人们搬金属板，每人用力气也只能搬动一块，富兰克林却轻而易举搬起两块。工人们问他有什么决窍，他说：“我的力气，就是靠经常锻炼得来的。”

2、碧波荡漾的河水，哺育着两岸的生物，可它必须在大堤之间流淌；一旦冲击河床，必然泛滥成灾，自己也只能干涸。地球是人类之母，可它必须在一定的轨道上运行；离开了轨道，只能成为宇窗中的一颗流星。

【反例】 l、《左传》中有则《唇亡齿寒》的故事。虞国和虢国本是唇齿相依的两个战略伙伴，而虞国国君不听劝阻，接受晋国的美玉，让道给晋国前去攻打虢国，结果，晋国灭了镜国后，在班师回国途中把虞国灭亡了。

2、俄国克雷洛夫一寓言故事：一匹解除了缰绳的马，眼冒火，头充血，再也不听主人的斥责，飞奔狂跑，结果冲下深渊，粉身碎骨。

3、齐景公在渤海之滨游玩，忽接信使报告：“丞相晏婴病危，生前怕难相见。”景公急忙起身返回，嫌马太慢，亲自挥鞭；过后还觉得马走得不快，索性弃车行走了，结果更慢了，终没见到晏婴。

八、主要矛盾与矛盾的主要方面 【正例】

2、新陈代谢是宇宙间普遍的规律。在新和旧这一对矛盾中，我们要促进新的方面，去战胜旧的方面。当新的方面由小变大，上升为支配的东西，旧的方面由大变小，逐步归于灭亡，旧事物的性质变化为新事物的性质了。

3、赵人养了一只猫，它捕捉了老鼠，也吃光了鸡。赵人之子要父亲把猫赶走。但赵人认为不绝鼠患，难得温饱，没有鸡吃，无关紧要。因此，还是留下了这只猫。

4、一位青年苦恼地对法国昆虫学家法布尔说，我爱科学，可我也爱文学，对音乐和美术也感兴趣，不知疲倦地把自己的全部精力都用上了，结果却收效甚微。听完年轻人的话，法布尔从口袋里掏出一块透镜说：“把你的精力集中到一个重点上试试，就象这块透镜一样!”青年人照法希尔的话去做了，终有建树。

【引言】

1、与其花许多时间和精力去凿许多浅井，不如花同样的时间和精力去凿一口深井。——（法）罗曼•罗兰

3、牵牛要牵牛鼻子，打蛇要打七寸。——俗语

4、方气用在节骨眼上，好钢使在刀口上，工作要做在点子上。——俗语 【反例】

l、鼯鼠身怀五种本领：会飞，会走，能游泳，能爬树，又会掘土打洞。但说来可怜。飞，飞不上屋顶；游泳，渡不过小溪；爬树，爬不上树梢；走吧，还不如人走得快；掘土打成的洞，竟藏不住自己小小的身体，名义上是学会了五种本领，其实，一样也不中用，这怎能说它有本领呢!

2、古时，兄弟俩出去打猎。一个大雁飞来，正要弯弓射雁的时候，哥哥说：“射下大雁煮了吃。”弟弟说：“应该烤了吃。”兄弟俩争论不休，谁也说服不了谁，而大雁早就振翅飞远了。

九、具体问题具体分析 【正例】

l、唐太宗李世民为广罗人才，令封德彝推举贤人。很久，封德彝未推荐过一个，太宗责问他，他说：“不是我不尽心去找实在是因为现在没有什么杰出大才。”太宗严正批驳：“君子用人如同使用器具一样，应当各取所长，自古以来能使国家达到大治的帝王，难道都是向别的朝代去借人才来用的吗？我们只应该担心自己不能识别人才，怎么可以冤枉当今一世的人啊!”封德彝听后无言以对。

2、三国时期的名医华佗，给李延、倪寻两人治病，他们症状基本相同，都是头疼发烧。可是，华佗给李延开的药方是发散剂，给倪寻开却是通导剂。原来，华佗具体问题具体分析，他从李延的病情看出是由外部器官引起的，从倪寻的病情看出是由内部积食引起的，所以用不同的处方治好了两人的病。

3、兴建三峡工程，是利多弊少，还是弊多利少？对三峡工程持怀疑态度的主要顾虑是库尾泥沙，移民安置、生态环境，文物保护以及国力等问题。但兴建三峡工程，将带来防洪、发电、航运，以及南水北调等巨大的经济效益和社会效益，即使像生态环境等问题，也是既有弊更有利的。古人云：“两害取其轻，两利取其重。”经过认真周密的科学论证，专家们的结论是：建设三峡工程，对四化建设是必要的，技术上可行的，经济上是合理的，建比不建好，早建比晚建好。

4、春秋时，晋国大将祁黄羊年龄大了，便向晋悼公提出辞职的请求。晋悼公说：“你走了，派谁接替你呢?”祁黄羊说：“解狐最合适。”晋悼公说：“解狐不是你的仇人吗?”祁黄羊说：“大王只问我什么人能带好军队，并没有问解狐是不是我的仇人。”后来解狐死了，晋悼公问祁黄羊：“再派谁好呢?”祁黄羊说：“祁午能担任这个职务。”晋悼公说：“祁午不是你的儿子吗?”祁黄羊说：“大王只问我谁能担任这个职务，并没有问祁午是不是我的儿子。”祁午上任后，赏罚分明，得到人们的赞扬。

【引言】

2、俗话说：“一把钥匙开一把锁”。【反例】

1、一个高个子身高于门，必须弯腰进门；一个矮个子进门也学高个子的样弯腰，成为笑话。

2、有个鲁国人擅长编麻鞋，妻子擅长织白绢，想迁家去越国。有人说：“你们将会贫穷。麻鞋是脚穿的，臼绢是做帽子的，而越国人一贯赤脚走路，喜欢披头散发。”这个鲁国人不听，去越国一年后，贫困而返。十、一切从实际出发 【正例】

1、战国时期，齐国的邹忌是个美男子。他的妻、妾和客人都说他比城北徐公美，可是邹忌并不盲目自信。看到徐公后，自认为不如徐公美，而且照镜子，仔细“调查研究”一番，觉得比徐公差了一大截。他悟出了妻、妾和客人说他美的原因，并用此设喻来委婉地规劝齐威王广开言路，纳谏除蔽，使齐国强盛起来，在朝廷上“战胜”了燕、赵、韩、魏等国。

2、吴吉昌通过反复实践解决了棉花落桃问题，姚士昌通过几年实践摸索出落花生增产的经验，李光庆在水稻生产中解决了减少空壳率的问题，袁隆平辛苦多年培育出杂交水稻系列制种。他们的经验和理论普遍推广，为解决人类的穿衣吃饭作出了杰出贡献。

3、宋代的沈括，为了测定极星的位置，连续三个月里，每晚上半夜、午夜、下半夜各观察一次，画出200多张图，并进行细致测量和数学推演，“凡十余年，方初见真数”，得出每日微差时间的大小，并给予理论上的解释。

【引言】

3、知彼知己百战不殆。——孙子

4、兼听则明，偏信则暗。——魏征

7、纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。一一陆游 【反例】

1、《史记》记载：赵国名将赵奢的儿子赵括从小熟读兵书，纸上谈兵，滔滔不绝。赵括颇为得意，以为世上人莫可挡。而赵奢却不以为喜，他说，一旦让赵括带兵，“破赵军者必括也。”赵奢死后，赵括率兵与秦国交战，结果为秦将白起的奇兵佯攻所诈，粮道被绝，军队被围，不但自己被秦军射死，还断送了四十万兵士的性命。蔺相如曾经批评赵王用赵括带兵如“胶柱鼓瑟”，批评赵括只会纸上谈兵，不能根据实际情况灵活变通。

2、有一个人丢失了一把斧子，主观认定是邻居的儿子偷的。看他走路的样子，面部的表情都像是偷了斧头的样子。听他讲话的声调，也像是偷了斧头的人。总之，邻居的儿了动作态度，没有一处不像偷了斧头的样子。后来，这个人在山沟里掘地，找到了自己的斧子。再看邻居的儿子，动作态度没有一处像偷斧的样子了。（《列子•说符篇》）

3、古时候一个国王出巡，听到哭声，命令随臣去查问。回报说，那边山上一妇人在哭，她丈夫吃饭不幸噎死了。国王下令，今后任何人都不准吃饭了。

十一、掌握分寸 【正例】

1、南朝名医陶弘景认为巴豆最能泻人，是一种泻药。李时珍经过试验后，认为巴豆剂量用得重可引起严重腹泻，但是，如果剂量轻，可治疗腹泻。他用这种方法，治好了一个患慢性腹泻的妇女。以后，又陆续治好了一百个腹泻的病人。

2、服药治病，剂量必须适当，量小治不了病，量大又会造成中毒。在农业生产中，播种量、施肥量等要适度。在工业生产中，机器的运转速度、运转时间要适度。孔子说：“过犹不及”，意思是说，事情做过了头，就像做得不够一样，也达不到预期的目的。

3、我们不管做什么事都要恰到好处。京剧著名演员表演，总讲究不温不火。优秀的歌手在热情地歌唱时，情真而又能自持。工人炼钢要注意火侯，做政治工作要掌握分寸。

【引言】

小不忍，则乱大谋。——孔子 【反例】

2、俄国有个叫杰米扬的人，做汤鲜美可口，受到客人好评。一次，他又用拿手好汤招待客人，在他的力劝下，客人已喝了很多，可这位杰米扬先生还是无休止地劝客人再喝一盆，客人只好逃走。

3、青年工人胡某，深夜将本厂电工的铁皮工具箱偷出，藏在厂院墙外的草丛中，准备第二天晚上取走。次日，电工李某在院墙外发现了自己失窃的工具箱，知道小偷会来拿，便将220伏的电线接在铁皮工具箱上。当晚，胡某前去取箱，被当场电死。结果，李某被判了无期徒刑。

十二、道德 【正例】

1、明朝陈寿，小时候家里很穷，但有一次他拾了财物，却坐在那里守到深夜，忍饥挨饿等待失主来找。失主来了，他就把财物还给了人家。

2、东晋孝武帝时，郗超与谢玄合不来，但当秦王持坚率兵攻晋时，都超推荐谢玄，他认为对人才当做到人尽其用，此次出征，必然能够建立功勋。结果，谢玄果然在淝水之战中一举获全胜。

3、一个寒风凛冽的日子，年轻的左拉因身无分文，只好忍着饥饿坐在巴黎卢森堡公园的长椅上做诗。这时有个一天一夜没有吃东西的少女哆哆嗦嗦地过来讨钱，同样处境的左拉脱下上衣给那个少女，叫她换顿饭吃，自己只穿一件衬衫，冒着寒冷回到他的阁楼上去。

5、陈嘉庚相继捐了巨额金钱，在国内兴办各类学校。他有个儿子曾向公司支借了五十元钱。陈老查帐时发现，回家警告儿子说：“你爸爸的钱是不能给侵吞的！”有人觉得不可理解，陈笑着解释说：“人谁不爱其子，惟别有道德之爱，非多遗金钱方谓之爱，且贤而多财必损其志，愚而多财益其过，实乃害之，非爱之也。”

【引言】

1、德，国家之基地。——《左传》

2、百行以德为首。——《世说新语》

3、在一个人民的国家中还要有一种推动的枢纽，这就是美德——孟德斯鸠

4、生命的短促，只有关德能将它留传到辽远的后世。——莎士比亚

5、如果道德败坏了，趣味也必然会堕落。——卢梭

6、道德常常能填补智慧的缺陷，而智慧却永远填补不了道德的缺陷。——但丁

7、美德、有如名香，经燃烧或压榨而其香愈烈，盖幸运最能显露恶而厄运最能显露美德也。——培根

8、道德、面貌渺小的地方，不会有伟大的人物。——罗曼•罗兰 【反例】

东海郡的孝子郭纯死了母亲。每当他哭母亲的时候，就有成群的鸟雀飞落聚在他周围。官府派人检查观看，确实有这样的事情，立即给他门上挂匾，巷口建牌坊，表彰他的孝行。后来查明：原来郭纯每次哭母时，总是把饼撕碎撒在地上，于是成群的鸟雀争着飞来吃饼。以后仍这样做，鸟雀一听到郭纯的哭声，没有不争着飞来聚集的，并不是郭纯的孝心感动了鬼神而显什么灵异。

十三、荣誉 【正例】

1、举世闻名的西班牙画家毕加索的女儿巴鲁玛•毕加索，不用她父亲的遗产和声望来抬高自己的身价。作为服装、珠宝设计师的巴鲁玛，十八岁时就毅然改就自己的姓名，将“毕加索”的字样抹去了。她常常嗤笑道：“‘毕加索’的名字确曾使我轻易地克服了各种障碍，办事极为方便。”然而，她又庄重地说：“实际上，我不认为金钱和声誉能使一个人最终获得成功。我认为，成功，始终应该靠自己的不懈努力来达到。”

2、有个俄国青年想一举成名。他去请教列夫·托尔斯泰，列夫•托尔斯泰诚恳地对年轻人说：“人好比分数，而分母就是他把自己想象的那么大小。分母越大，分数就越小，如果分母是无穷大，分数就等于零了。”

3、英国物理学家法拉第，建树卓绝，萤声科坛，荣誉奖章接踵而至。他一生中得到九十四个荣誉头衔，奖章、勋章不计其数。可是他把奖章藏起来，从来不愿意佩戴。得到荣誉时，他从不喜形于色。他说：“我不能说这些荣誉不珍贵，不过我从来不是为了追求这些荣誉而工作。”

4、欧阳修和宋祁写《新唐书》，欧阳修只写纪、志部分，宋祁写列传部分，书成之后，按旧例，作者只署官职最高者一个的姓名。欧阳修官职最高，可欧阳修坚决反对这种做法。于是分别署名，纪、志题欧阳修撰，列传题宋祁撰。

5、肖伯纳到苏联度假，一天，他在公园里遇到一个小姑娘。他同她玩了半天，分别时对她说：“你回去告诉你妈妈，今天同你玩的就是世界上有名的肖伯纳。”天真的小姑娘立刻仿照他的口吻说：“你也回去告诉你妈妈，今天和你玩的是苏联姑娘玛莎。”肖伯纳把这件事当作一次教训，深深印在脑海里。

【引言】

1、无瑕的名誉是世间最纯粹的珍珠。——莎士比亚

2、奖状对于一个真正的英雄，永远不是一张毕业证书，而是攀登途中的一座座里程碑。——格言

【反例】

英国“蒸汽大王”瓦特活了八十三岁，他出身木匠家庭，年轻时勤奋好学，发明了新型蒸汽机，一举成名，成为制造蒸汽机的大老板。可到晚年，他竟压制推广霍思布源发明的“双筒蒸汽机”，他还以“学阀”的姿态压制特列维蒂克发明的“高压蒸汽机”。

十四、专心 【正例】

1、晋代大书法家王羲之有一回在书房里练字，书童送来他最爱吃的蒜泥和馍馍，他头也未抬，继续挥笔疾书。后来他夫人来书房催他用餐，只见他手里拿着一块沾满墨汁的馍馍正往嘴里送，还连声夸奖夫人今天做的蒜泥好香。

2、唐代诗人贾岛为了锤炼“鸟宿池边树，僧敲月下门”中的“敲”字，思考入迷，竟撞了当时京兆尹韩愈的轿。

3、我国著名麻类纤维女专家云鹤在济南女师学习时，叫同学们把自己反锁在学校一个堆放杂物的破仓库里边，以便集中精力温习功课。在仓库里，她每天起五更，睡半夜，不顾闷热潮湿、蚊虫叮咬，发奋学习。后来，她终于成为毕业于美国俄亥俄州大学第一个女化学博士。

4、数学家吴文俊教授能记住某一台机器的安装时间，能记清某台计算机程序的编制数目和编制时间，却记不住自己的生日，甚至连自己结婚的日子也忘掉了。用他自己的话说是“从来不记那些没有意义的数字”。

5、高度集中注意力，工作会事半功倍，长期锻炼这种能力可以使人在复杂的环境下不受外界干扰而积极思维。列宁极善集中注意力，在激烈的论辩中，他可以一边细昕对方的讲话，一边迅速记下自己的论点。契诃夫可以在人声鼎沸的车站、饭店构思作品。列夫·托尔斯泰坚持在战火纷飞的前线写小说。波兰诗人密茨凯维柯支，一次在旅馆欣赏肖邦的钢琴演奏，忽然室外发生了火警，人们夺门而出，及至火已扑灭，人们重返室内时，肖邦仍在演奏，而诗人也在凝神倾听，对刚才的骚乱竟一点也没有觉察。

【引言】

1、心不在焉，视而不见，听而不闻，食而不知其味。——《礼记•大学》

2、心不专，不能专诚。——《淮南子》

3、聪明的人会把凡是分散精力的要求置之度外，只专心致志地去学一门，学一门就把它学好。——《歌德谈话录》

【反例】

1、国手弈秋曾教两个学生弈棋。一个学习时专心致志，结果不久便学会下棋。另一个学习时心不在焉，一心想到窗外的飞雁，结果既未学会下棋，又浪费了时间。2、1830年，维勒对墨西哥出产一种铝矿潜心研究，断定这种铝矿中还有一种没被人发现的新元素。可惜的是，他没有继续研究下去。就在第二年，塞夫斯德朗对此经过长期研究，终于发现了这一新元素——钒。维勒对自己的浅尝辄止深感懊悔。

十五、谦虚 【正例】

2、大科学家牛顿在科学事业上取得的成就，算是不小吧，可是当他谈到自己的成就时，却谦虚地说：“我只是象一个在海滨玩耍的小孩子，有时很高兴地拾到一颗光滑美丽的石子，真理的大海还是没有发现。”

3、战国时期，赵国名将赵奢领兵救韩，先后两次虚心倾听士兵许历的建议，挫败秦军夜袭阴谋，占据战场有利地形，杀得秦军尸横遍野，大败而逃。

4、唐代大诗人李白登上黄鹤楼，正想咏景抒怀，忽然发现墙上有崔颖题诗，吟咏再三，不禁叫绝，感到自己的构思立意没有超过崔颖，断然放弃了做诗的念头，只说了声：“眼前有景道不得，崔颖题诗在上头。”便离去了。

5、孔子说：“三人行，必有我师焉。”虽然郯子之徒，其贤不及孔子，但孔子却向郑子请教官职的名称，向苌弘请教关于音乐的事，向师襄学习弹琴，向老子问礼。

【引言】

3、满招损，谦受益。——《尚书》

4、智慧是宝石，如果用谦逊镶边，就会更加灿烂夺目。——（苏）高尔基 【反例】

1、滑铁卢战役，拿破仑不把同盟军的主将威灵顿放在眼内，说：“威灵顿有什么了不起，败军之将，我用不到一顿早餐的时间，就能干掉它!”此话传开，法军上下一片骄狂。结果，却是法军全线崩溃，一败涂地。

2、三国时的蜀将马谡，自恃有学问有见地，骄傲自大，主观武断，既违背军师诸葛亮的安排，不听参军王平的意见，不仅失掉了街亭，连自己的脑袋也丢了。