第一篇：华东师范大学研究生英语期末考试作文汇总
竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
EX 1
Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life.We compete when we play games, we try to do better than others in our study, and there is constant
competition for jobs, fame, wealth and so forth.We can say that, in a certain sense, competition is one of the motive forces of the development of the society.We often find competition and cooperation at the same time.Think of a football game.During the game, one team is competing against the other, but each member of the team must cooperate with his teammates.Otherwise, they would lose the game however skilled every individual player might be.While advocating competition, we must not forget cooperation.In modern society, cooperation is especially necessary because except for a few craftsmen and artists, most work is fulfilled with and through other people.In many cases, we can not achieve anything if there are only competition and no cooperation.EX 2
Competition and cooperation竞争与合作
Cooperation and competition are both important.They are attributes(归因于,属性)which are equally necessary for a person to achieve success in his life.Learn to be cooperative.No one likes a selfish, greedy, or arrogant(自大的)individual.However, everyone likes a considerate(体谅的)and cooperative person.Everything we do today, whether in doing business or making friends, depend upon our ability to get along with one another.In our society, most tasks demand the
cooperation of many individuals so that they can be accomplished effectively.In this situation, we must be supportive(支援的)and cooperative.Each person is like a small part of a machine.If only one part is out of order, the machine can’t be running well.Besides, transportation and communication systems are rapidly developing and people all over the world can get in touch with each other more easily.It is hard for a person who is isolated(孤立的)from the society to have a deep understanding of the world he lives and to accomplish(实现)a feat(功绩)in his career.Cooperation is becoming more and more important for a person to earn a good life.Being competitive also has a place in life.If you want to achieve more success and be better than others, you must work harder, study more diligently(勤奋地), and adapt yourself to competition.The desire to succeed and do better than others
inspires(激励)us to work harder.If there were no competition, a sports meet would never be exciting and successful, and we would never have champions(冠军的地位).No doubt, we often find there is an inseparable(不可分离的)relationship between competition and cooperation.In a football match, either team is competing with other.But each member of the team is cooperating with his teammates.We cooperate with others to be more competitive;we compete to earn a better environment for cooperation.Thus we can make progress(前进)continuously.Only competition together with cooperation leads us to realize our goals and satisfy our needs.EX 3竞争与压力 首段：四句话：现象描述+正方观点+正方理由1+正方理由2
Living in an era of information and technology, individuals are confronted with a wide variety of competitions or pressures: in study, we suffer from academic
competition;in work, we live under pressure of efficiency;in life, we strive against the ascending cost of living.Some are in favor of competition.In their eyes, without competition, it is impossible for the society as a whole to progress.Besides, in their opinion, competition will definitely promote the development of those who spare no effort to work, which otherwise would be impossible.二段：三句话：反方观点+反方理由1(危害)+反方理由1(危害)
Rewarding as it is, others hold an opposite perspective.First, what makes many experts worried is that too many competitions may harm people’s physical and mental fitness.Second, to some extent, their opinion derives from the fact that competition between friends or colleagues may impair the friendship or team spirit.尾段：三句话：我的看法+理由+展望未来
As a college student, I am firmly convinced that it is necessary to have some competition.In spite of the disadvantages, we do need competition to enhance our working and studying efficiency.Only by means of proper competition can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which every one spare no effort to their work and study.EX 4How Should College Students Relieve Pressure?
Today’s college students face many pressures, mainly from parents’ expectation, study, economy, employment and all kinds of competition.[1]Although pressure to some extent can provide motivation, overdue pressure has a serious negative effect.Pressure can destroy a student’s confidence.[2]More seriously, it might make some students lose control of their emotions and behaviors.[3]Considering the great damage of overdue pressure, college students should learn to how to relieve pressure.[2]First, we should have a right evaluation of ourselves
[4]so as to [5]make use of advantages and avoid disadvantages.[2]Second, we should
[6]set a clear aim of a struggle.The aim can give us motivation, and make us become active.[2]Third, [7]attending collective activities is an effective way to relieve pressure.[2]Finally, if you find pressure is nearly [8]beyond your control, you’d better turn to professional psychological guidance.From :Joozone.com.[2]As to me, my pressure is mainly from future employment.[4]In order to reduce
it, I asked my parents help me analyse my advantages and disadvantages, and produce a more practical job objection.[2]So my employment pressure was relieved greatly.Now I become confident in my future, and I [9]do believe I can get an ideal job after my graduation.EX 5
Competition is inevitable;it’s human nature.Competition builds character;it strengthens our self-esteem.Competition is regarded as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest people regardless of their social status.Competition is required to help us reach our fullest potential.(Natural selection and survival of the fittest.)
Cooperation offers us a break from the pressure and stress of competition.A win-win approach tends to fosters exploration of the root causes of the conflict and leads to constructive, sustainable solutions with positive expectation for future encounters.Cooperative groups display more coordinated efforts, more division of labor, more acceptance of other ideas, and fewer communication difficulties than competitive groups.Two heads are better than one.Cooperation is marvelously successful at helping children to communicate effectively, to trust in others and to accept those who are different from themselves
4．面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges
5．人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…
6．社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development
7．引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention
8．不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…
9．热烈的讨论/ 争论 arouse /lead to /cause a heated discussion/ debate
10.有争议性的问题 a controversial issue
11．完全不同的观点there is/I have a totally different argument
12．一些人 …而另外一些人Some people… while others…
13.就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,/as for me,15．有充分的理由支持 the view/opinion be supported by sound reasons
16．双方的论点 there be arguments on both sides
17．发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role/part in…
18．对…必不可少 be indispensable /necessary to …
19．正如谚语所说 As the proverb /old saying goes:
20．…也不例外 be no exception
21．对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert /have positive/ negative effects on…
22．利远远大于弊 The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.23．导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
24．复杂的社会现象 it is a complicated social phenomenon
25．责任感 / 成就感 we must have sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement
26.竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
27.开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
28．学习知识和技能 acquire enough knowledge and skills
29．经济/心理负担add /increase /decrease financial burden / psychological burden
30．考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration
31.从另一个角度 from another perspective,32．做出共同努力 make/need joint efforts
33.对…有益 be beneficial / conducive/good to…
34．为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society
35．打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…
36．综合素质 improve our comprehensive quality
37．无可非议 it is blameless / beyond reproach that …
39．致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…
40.应当承认 Admittedly,41．不可推卸的义务 …..be unshakable duty
42.满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…
43．可靠的信息源 there is a reliable source of information that…
44．宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources
46．方便快捷 convenient and efficient
47．在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life
48．环保的 environmental protection / environmentally ,49．社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress
50．科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology
51．对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue
52．支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion
53．有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence
54．在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way
55.理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice
56.…必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…
57．日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition
58．眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest
59．长远利益 interest in the long run
60．…有其自身的优缺点has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages
61．扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones
62．取其精髓，去其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs.63．对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to
64．交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information
65．跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast（adv.赶上。不落人后…）with
the latest development of …
66．采取有效措施来…take effective measures to do sth.67．…的健康发展 the healthy development of …
68．有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides.No garden without weeds.69．对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person.70．重视 attach great importance to…
71．社会地位 social status
72．把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on…
73．扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge
74．身心两方面 both physically and mentally
75．有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to…
76.提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal
77.可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that
78．缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden
79．优先考虑/发展…give(top)priority to sth.80．与…比较 compared with…/ in comparison with
81.相反 in contrast / on the contrary.82．代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of
83．经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water
84．提供就业机会 offer job opportunities
85.社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress
86．毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…
87．增进相互了解enhance/ promote mutual understanding
88．充分利用make full use of / take advantage of
89．承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure
90．保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society
91．更多地强调 put more emphasis on…
92．适应社会发adapt oneself to the development of society
93．实现梦想 realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true
94.主要理由列举如下 The main reasons are listed as follows:
95.首先 Firstly，In the first place, To begin with
96．其次 Secondly, In the second place
97.再次 Besides，In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore
98.最后 Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly,99.总而言之 All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word,100．我们还有很长的路要走 We still have a long way to go.
第二篇：研究生英语期末考试close总结
第一章
The web magazine From the Window contains poetry and literature from well-know writes across the global.There are thoughtful articles analyzing the state of the world we live in.there is even a piece from the Secretary General of United States, Kofi Annan.It may come as some surprise to find out that the editor of the magazine is a 12-year-old girl, Joy Nightingale.From the Window won Joy Nightingale the first prize in the 1999 child net International and wireless awards.These are given annually for the best use of the internet by and for young people.And they highlight one of the most welcoming aspects of the virtual world.Children have taken to the Internet as though they are born surfing.Perhaps there is because adults have had to change their understanding of technology while children simply accept it as natural.Whatever the reason, children can be found building web and E-mailing friends across the world while adults are still asking: Tell me again –where exactly is cyberspace?
Of course there is growing concern about the fact that children can travel far away from parental supervision in cyberspace.In response, many parents have installed software packages which prevent access to violent or pornographic web.Children are taking a more positive line.The web is a gateway to a world of education and entertainment.The rapid growth in Internet culture has led analysts to speculate that society will soon be divided between the “information rich” and “information poor”.For child net it is especially important that children at the margins of society through poverty or disability have the chance to take their place as equal citizens in the virtual world.第五章
It is an astonishing fact that there are laws of nature, rules that summarize conveniently-not just qualitatively but quantitatively-how the word works.We might imagine a universe in which there are no such laws, in which the 1080 elementary particles that make up a universe like our own behave with utter and uncompromising abandon.To understand such a universe we would need a brain at least as massive as the universe.It seems unlikely that such a universe could have life and intelligence, because beings and brains require some degree of internal stability and order.But even if in a much more random universe there were such beings with an intelligence much greater than our own, there could not be much knowledge, passion or joy.Fortunately for us, we live in a universe that has at least important parts that are knowable.Our common-sense experience and our evolutionary history have prepared us to understand something of the workaday world.When we go into other realms, however, common sense and ordinary intuition turn out to be highly unreliable guides.It is stunning that as we go close to the speed of light, our mass increases indefinitely, we shrink toward zero thickness in the direction of motion, and time for us comes as near to stopping as we would like.Many people think that this is silly, and every week or two I get a letter from someone who complains to me about it.But it is virtually certain consequence not just of experiment but also of Albert Einstein‟s brilliant analysis of space and time called the Theory of Relatively.It does not matter that these effects seem unreasonable to us.We are not in the habit of traveling close to the speed of light.The testimony of our common sense is suspect at high velocities.The idea that the world places restrictions on what humans might do is frustrating.Why shouldn‟t we be able to have intermediate rotational positions? Why can‟t we travel faster than the speed of light? But so far as we can tell, this is the way the universe is constructed.Such prohibitions not only press us toward a little humility;they also make the world more knowable.When 1988 began,East Africa should have been at its most beautiful:normally the short rainy season ends in December , the rivers subside , and the country sparkles;farmers raise crops , animals graze , tourists go on safaris.But this year was different.The rains were heavy and long.The water spread out for miles in places in Kenya and Somalia , cutting off village and forcing herders to ctowd with their livestock onto a few patches of dry land.Things quickly turned ugly.Camels , cows , sheep , and goats all started dying of violent fevers.Some people , too，began to get sick.Some went temporarily blind ；others began bleeding uncontrollably.The disease was Rift Valley fever，caused by an obscure mosquito borne virus.It pops up every few years in Africa when standing water encourages mosquito eggs to hatch--this year‟s huge floods brought a spectacular outbreak.According to official estimates , at least 89，000 people caught the disease.Two hundred died，but then the disease is not usually fatal to humans.Animal losses，however，were almost certainly vast--owners reported losing up to 90 percent of their herds.Yet catastrophic as the East African floods were，they had to jostle for the world„s attention with other cases of strange weather---with unusual occurrences of droughts，fires，rains，cold snaps，and heat waves.Every year brings its own grab bag of such anomalies，but this year many of them could be linked to a phenomenon in the empty expanses of the equatorial Pacific--a change in the ocean currents and winds that began in the early months of 1997 and that altered weather patterns around the world.The change in the weather was , of course , the work of E1 Nino.By the end of 1997 , E1 Nino had already become a celebrity of sorts.In 1998, however , E1 Nino's effects on the world came into full flower.It helped make the year the hottest ever recorded.In addition to Rift Valley fever , E1 Nino has been linked to an upsurge in diseases ranging from choler to malaria to dengue fever ,in Kenya , Cambodia , Peru ,and other countries scattered around the globe.第七章
I have always disliked being a man, The whole idea of manhood in America is pitiful, a little like having to wear an ill-fitting coat for one‟s entire life.Even the expression “Be a man!” strikes me as insulting and abusive.It means: Be stupid, be unfeeling, obedient and soldierly, and stop thinking.Man means“manly”-how can one think“about men”without considering the terrible ambition of manliness? And yet it is part of every man‟s life.It is a hideous and crippling lie;it not only insists on difference and connives at superiority,It is also by its very nature destructive-emotionally damaging and socially harmful.The youth who is subverted, as most are, into believing in the masculine ideal is effectively separated from women –it is the most savage tribal logic and he spends the rest of his life finding women a riddle and a nuisance.Of course, there is a female version of this male affliction.It begins with mothers encouraging little girls to say(to other adults), “ Doyou like my new dress?” In a sense, Girls are traditionally urged to please adults with a kind of coquettishness, while boys are enjoined to behave like monkeys toward each other.The-9-year-old coquette proceeds to become womanish in a subtle power game in which she learns to be sexually indispensable, socially decorative and always alert to a man‟s sense of inadequacy.Femininity-being ladylike –implies needing a man as witness and seducer;but masculinity celebrates the exclusive company of men.That is why it is so grotesque;and that is also why there is no manliness without inadequacy –because it denies men the natural friendship of women.It is very hard to imagine any concept of manliness that does not belittle women, and it begins very early.At an age when I wanted to meet girls –let‟s say the treacherous years of 13 to 16-I was told to take up a sport , get more fresh air, join the Boy Scouts, and I was urged not to read so much
Late next century, when scholars are scripting the definitive history of the PC,these last few years of high-octane growth may actually be depicted as the Dark Ages.Historians will marvel at how we toiled in front of monolithic ,beige BUBs(big ugly boxes),suffering under the oppressive glare of cathode-ray tubes while our legs scraped against the 30-pound towers beneath our desks.They may also mark 1999 as the start of the PC renaissance ,when manufacturers finally started to get it :This holiday season, computer shoppers will enjoy unprecedented variety in shapes, sizes and colors-and not just in Apple‟s groundbreaking line of translucent iMacs and iBooks.Nearly every major PC maker now has innovative desktop designs on the way to market,from hourglass-sculpted towers to flat-panel displays with all the processing innards packed into the base.Among industrial designers,who still think the PC has a long way before you‟ll want to display it on your mantle ,the only question is ,what took so long? “The PC industry has ridiculed design for a long time,”says Hartmut Esslinger ,founder of Frog Design.“They have not respected their customers and have underestimated their desires.”
PC makers are finally catching on-and it‟s partly out of desperation.Manufacturers used to sell computer by trumpeting their techno bells and whistles,like processor speed and memory.But since ever-faster chips have given us more power on the desktop than we could ever possibly use, computer makers have been competing on price-a strategy that has dropped most units below $1000 and slashed profits.Last week IBM limped from the battlefield ,announcing it would pull its lagging Aptiva line from store shelves and sell it only on the web.Competing only on price “made an industry shakeout inevitable”, says Nick Donatiello,president of the marketing-research firm Odyssey.第九章
A symbol is not the same thing as a sign;that is a fact that psychologists and philosophers often overlook.All intelligent animals use signs,So do we.To them as well as to us sounds and smells and motions are signs of good ,danger ,the presence of other beings,or of rain or storm..Furthermore some animals not only attend to signs but also produce them for the benefits of others.Dogs bark at the door to be let in;rabbits thump to call each other;the cooing of doves and the growl of wolf are unequivocal signs of feelings and intention to be reckoned with by other creatures.We use signs just as animals do,though with considerably more elaboration.We stop at red lights and go on green;we answer calls and bells,watch the sky for coming storms,read trouble or promise or anger in each other’s eyes.That is animal intelligence raised to the human level.Those of us who are dog lovers can probably all tell wonderful stories of how high our dogs have sometimes risen in the scale of clever sign interpretation and sign using.A sign is anything that announces the existence or the imminence of some events,the presence of a thing or a person ,or a changes in the state of affairs.There are signs of the weather ,signs of danger,signs of danger ,signs of future good or evil,signs of what the past expected in experience.It is always a part of the situation to which it refers ,though the reference may be remote in space and time.A symbol differs from a sign in that it dose not announce the presence of the object,the being ,condition,but merely brings this thing to mind.A sign cause us to or act in face of the signified,whereas a symbol causes us to think about the thing symbolized.A sign is always embedded in reality,but a symbol may be divorced from reality althogether.It may refer to a mere idea,or a dream.
第三篇：研究生英语期末考试翻译总结
以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张毕业文凭，不得已而做的。You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma,that is,out of sheer necessity.对于大自然的爱好，我是多方面的，我爱山，但更爱海。I love diverse aspects of mother nature,but I love the sea more than mountain.读书的问题嘛，我愿说几句。I would like to say a few words about reading.这几天心理颇不宁静。I have felt quite upset recently.至于实在的情形，我心里自然记得的。As for the true facts,of course,I can remember them.我们的城市在过去的十年里经历了翻天覆地的变化。The past decade saw great changes of out city.希望今后上海能够与更多的外国城市结为友好城市。It is hoped that shanghai will establish friendly relations with more foreign cities in the future.她从来没想到他是个不诚实的人。It never occurred to her that he was a dishonest man.我突然想到一个主意。An idea suddenly struck me.我给你打国际长途就跟给楼下的李姐打电话差不多，一拨就通。An international phone call to you is as easy as a call to sister li downstairs.宗教不得干预政治。It is impermissible to interfere with politics in the name of religion.汉字在历史上有过不可磨灭的功绩。The system of Chinese characters has played an invaluable role in our history.我们恢复和采取这些贸易方式的原因很简单：因为我们出口商品就是为了我们国外客户消费方面的需求。The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple.our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers.笆，用竹子、柳条等变成的一种东西。Ba is something made of bamboo or willow branches.我没注意到这个错误。The mistake escaped me.我一时记不起他的名字。His name escapes me for a moment.五月一日会议开幕了。May Day saw the opening of the meeting.这场运动首先在天津开始。Tianjin first saw the rise of the movement.蹲在池塘边苇丛中的青蛙叫得更起劲了。The fogs that crouched among the reeds by the pond were croaking more vigorously than before.上海港不断更新设备，这个港口的生产已经面目一新。Now work at this port has taken on a new look,as the workers of Shanghai port has constantly replaced old equipment with new.她喜形于色。She beamed with joy.任何新生事物的成长都是要经过艰难曲折的。New things always have to experience difficulties and setbacks as they grow.他眼明手快。He is quick of eyes and deft of hand.这篇文章浅显易懂。This article is easy to read and understand.我对他敬而远之。I stand aloof from him.插上一条斜线便可以纠正此错误。Rectification of this fault is achieved by insertion of a wedge.进口用于信息网络传播的音像制品，参照本版法第十四条规定办理。The import of the audio and video products used for information network dissemination shall be handled in reference to the provisions of Article 14 of these measures.由于集装箱公司的平均处理费及处理量均有增长，集装箱公司在此期间的业绩令人鼓舞。As a result of both increases in average handling fee and handling capacity,the Container Company has achieved an encouraging result in the period.电视通过无线电波发射和接收活动物体的图像。Television is the transmission and reception of moving objects image by radio waves.他们片面地注重重工业，忽视农业和轻工业，因而市场上的货物不够，货币不稳定。Their lop_sided stress on heavy industry to the neglect of agriculture and light industry results in a shortage of goods on the market and a non_stable currency.希望你表现更多一点幽默。You are expected to show a little more good humour.许多老房子拆了，新房子就在原地盖起来了。Many old house were pulled down,and many new ones were built in their place.那年偏又多雨，淅淅沥沥，打窗飘瓦，常常扰乱我看书的情绪。As it happened to be a rainy year,I was often disturbed by the pitter_patter of rain beating down against the window and roof.为了能进行核物理方面的研究，要求这些青年教师读完两年研究生课程。In order to do research in nuclear physics,the young teachers are required to complete a two_year graduate course.自从第一颗原子弹试验以来，全世界都已知道，原子可分裂，原子能可利用。Since the first test of the atomic bomb,the world has learnt the atom can be split and its power can be used.有关原子能电站反应堆的复杂性已经谈得很多了。Much has been said about the complication of the nuclear power station reactor.船舶的外壳通常涂一层特殊的漆以抗腐蚀。The hull of a ship is often protected against corrosion with a coat of special paint.这里有一个科学和技术革命影响人类历史进程的明显例子。Here is a clear case of human history being affected by the scientific and technological revolution.他们到达了旅行的目的地。They reached the goal of their journey.这些数据易于得到。These data are readily available.你可以给我粗略地估计一下费用吗？can you give me a rough estimate of the cost? 我们将会非常想念她。We shall miss her sorely.这咖啡太浓。The coffee is too strong.早饭吃饱，中午吃饭，晚饭吃少。At breakfast,eat like a king.At lunch,eat like a prince.At supper,eat like a pauper.1.他打开抽屉拿出词典来。He opened the drawer and took out a dictionary.2.他到车站发现火车已经开走了。Arriving at the station,he found that the train had left.3.去年他去北京看朋友。Last year he went to Beijing to visit his friends.4.他们跑过去欢迎众代表。They ran over to welcome the delegates.5.他回家去取钥匙。He went home for the key.6.她哼着曲子走进卧室去。Humming a tune she went into the bedroom.7.游行的人拿着鲜花和彩旗在街道上行进。The paraders marched in the street,carrying flowers and banners in their hands.8.我们应当起来捍卫和平。We should come forward in defence of peace.9.医生劝他好好休息。The doctor advised him to take a good rest.10.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lag behind.11.这会使孩子们高兴的。That will please the children.12.她责备孩子迟迟不回家。She reproached her child for staying out late.13.黑漆漆的，不知是日是夜。Pitch dark,I don’t know whether it is day or night.14.裘人道：“一百年还记着呢！比不得你，拿着我的话当耳边风，夜里说了，早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma, “I’m not like you , letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.”
15.生于忧患，死于安乐。One prospers in worries and hardships and perishes in ease and comfort 16.你最好在月底之前把这台机器修好。You had better have this machine repaired by the end of this month.17.那一趟可把我累坏了。That trip tired me out.18.那年轻人把腰板一挺，不服输。The young man straightened himself up and refused to admit defeat.19.他们把我们当做贵宾来款待。They treated us as distinguished guest.20.真把他没办法。He’s really a tough person to cope with.21.把电源插头插入220V交流电源插座，将电源开关按下。Connect the main plug to AC 220V source socket and push power switch to turn on the receiver.22.她把她的自行车借给我了我。She lent me her bike.23.一本书就像一个大家庭，思想内容汇聚一堂。A book is like a big family—a family of ideas 24.看书就像走亲访友，认识圈子不断增强。Reading books,like visiting relatives and friends,can enlarge our ideological circle.25.每本书都是物与我的交融，每本书都是过去和未来的纽带。Generally,a book embodies a perfect blend of the objective and subjective worlds.It also forges a strong link between the past and the future.26.随着节目越来越娱乐化，电视屏蔽了严肃的思考。With more picture than point ,TV diverts to diverts ,screening out any real thinking.27.过去的人即便看书不多，也会修饰的不乏品味。People used to dress themselves in aesthetic costumes of a good reader.28.现在的人却常常对书籍不屑一顾。But now,many would easily turn up their noses at books.29.他抢了我的饭碗。He’s taken the bread out of my mouth.30.龙生龙，凤生凤。Like father ,like son.31.说曹操，曹操到。Talk of the devil, and he’s sure to appear 32.血浓于水，台湾同胞是我们的手足兄弟。Blood is thicker than water.People in Taiwan are our brothers and sisters sharing the same blood.33.原乡人的血，必须流返原乡，才会停止沸腾。Only when the blood of the native son flows back to his native place ,will it stop boiling.34.大陆和台湾同胞血脉相连，一条海峡不能把我们的骨肉隔断。The Chinese people ,no matter living on the mainland or living on Taiwan ,are linked together by flesh and blood.The strait that separates us can never cut off such bonds of flesh and blood.35.燕子去了，有再来的时候，杨柳枯了，有在青的时候，桃花谢了，有再开的时候。Swallows may have gone ,but there is a time of return,willow trees may have died back,but there is a time of regreening,peach blossoms may have fallen,but they will bloom again.36.然而朋友们把我救了。他们给了我家庭所不能给的东西。他们的友爱，他们的帮助，他们的鼓励，几次把我从深渊的边沿救回来。Friends are my saviours.They give me things which it is beyond my family to give me.Thanks to their fraternal love ,assistance and encouragement,I have time and again been saved from falling into an abyss while on its verge.37.于是——洗手的时候，日子从水盆里过去，吃饭的时候，日子从饭碗里过去，默默时，便从凝然的双眼前过去。Thus the day flows away through the sink when I wash my hands,vanishes in the rice bowl when I have my meal;passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie.38.学无止境，一生的时间都嫌太短。Art is long ,but life is short.39.小火车在欢腾地疾驰。人们的心和火车一样，向家乡急奔。The little train and the hearts of all its passengers ,together ,sped merrily homeward..40.那日，正是黄梅时候，天气烦躁。王冕放牛倦了，在草地上坐着。One sultry day in early summer ,tired after leading the buffalo to graze ,Wang Mian sat down on the grassl
第四篇：研究生英语期末考试考后总结
动物营养与饲料2010江佳伟2011.01.02/2011.06.24考后整理
2010-2011学年第1学期
英语精读
1.阅读简答
2.词汇文章中10个单词的英语含义，汉语意思。
文章为Unit SixText: Two Truths to Live By
3.翻译
（1）英译汉下册Unit Three 课后翻译A
上册Unit Four Text课文第7段
（2）汉译英上册Unit Five 课后翻译B第6个
下册Unit Three 课后翻译B第6个
4.作文奥运口号 更高，更快，更强。拉丁文与英文三个词，那组更好？
听力课本Unit 11 Part Ⅱ 口语部分 Exercise 3 问题1
英语听力
1.Unit 14Part Ⅰ Section AExercise 1无选项，直接写句子。
2.Unit 15Part Ⅰ Section BExercise 1
3.Unit 04Part Ⅰ Section AExercise 1
4.Unit 12Part Ⅲ Talk One
5.VOA圣诞节
2010-2011学年第2学期
英语精读
1.阅读Unit Eleven Exercise A选择题
2.词汇文章中10个单词的英语含义，汉语意思。
文章为Unit Eleven Text: In Search of the Real Google
3.翻译
（1）英译汉
Unit Eleven课文第12段后半段
Here's how the system works.If you're a company selling sneakers, you can bid to have a
link to your website appear in the sponsored area whenever someone does a Google search for, say, tennis or Michael Jordan or sneakers or all of those and more.How prominently your ad will be displayed depends on how much you bid and how many people click on your ad.That means you can’t just buy your way to the top；your link also has to appeal to users.You pay Google for every click you receive.第14段后半段（删减了一句话）
The free food and laundry and the heavily subsidized massages and haircuts all help, but
there also has to be enough creative work to go around.Google came up with a formula to help
动物营养与饲料2010江佳伟2011.01.02/2011.06.24考后整理ensure this.The San Francisco wi-fi initiative resulted from someone's 10％ time；so did Google Talk, a free system for instant and voice messaging.If Google ever builds that space elevator, it will no doubt be during 10％ time.（2）汉译英下册Unit Four 课后翻译B第6个
下册Unit Six 课后翻译B第6个
4.作文比较中美不同的教育制度，你认为孰优孰劣？
听力课本Unit 23 Part Ⅱ 口语部分 Exercise 1 问题1
英语听力
1.Unit 26Part Ⅲ Passage One无选项，直接写句子。
Unit 29Part Ⅲ Talk Two
2.Unit 27Part Ⅰ Section CExercise 1
3.Unit 17Part Ⅰ Section CExercise 1
4.Unit 22Part Ⅲ Report One
5.VOA（是啥主题？我根本就没听，前面都没写完！）
总结：
精读试卷会选择上册课本中的一篇原文，题目为简答或选择，然后挑出10有难度的单
词（生词），要求写出英语含义，汉语意思。翻译为2道英译汉，2道汉译英（上下册各2道），是上册课文段落节选和上下册课后长翻译。作文为听力课本的口语部分问题，一般资老师班级听力课堂小作文也是写这个，不过课堂上写过的就不会出了，如想押作文题,可从15个单元中剔除写过的单元（可以找资老师班里的同学询问一下）。建议复习时可以将上册课文对照教师参考书上面的译文多看几遍，并看一下课后Exercise A。此外要将上册6个单元和下册3个单元以及Mini-Test的长翻译整理出来。
听力试卷就不要奢望会有选择题了！不过还是有规律可循的，试题中第1部分是听说
教程Part Ⅰ Section AExercise 1的短对话（如果Part Ⅲ的篇章很短，则也是出题来源）；第2部分是Part Ⅰ的表格类题；第3部分是Part Ⅰ中较长的，要书写的内容较多；第4部分是Part Ⅲ的长篇章。第5部分是VOA的文章，将文中句子补充完整，录音会放3遍，不过听力不是很好的同学建议放弃，此段时间用来弄前面几部分。注意考过的题也会再考，据我所知，美国节日的那题就已连续考过3届。听力试卷几乎全是简答，书写量大，一定要边听边写，因为全部录音放完后3-5分钟就交卷。注意听力考试时间只有一个小时！！
以下为废话，所谓的凑字数！呵呵。
精读的PPT,PDF和听力的PPT可以直接到出版社网上下载，也可以找我索要。qq 624202649
我就是资老师班上的，不过他的教学和出题模式令人不是很适应，俗称”很变态”。希
望我的这些总结对师弟师妹们的考试有些帮助，祝你们考试顺利通过！
第五篇：华东师范大学中文系第二届研究生学术论坛
华东师范大学中文系 第二届研究生学术论坛
活动策划书
活动主题：
“培养创新意识，激发学术热情”之人文学科学术月 ——人文学科向建校六十周年献礼
主题论证：为了继承和发扬师大中文系优秀学术传统，秉承前辈学者独立、自主、创新的学术风气和人文精神，中文系研究生会在系各位老师的指导下，将以我系广大研究生为活动对象，积极宣传、组织，举办这次中文系硕士研究生学术论坛，鼓励大家立足专业，注重现实，关注最新学术动态，敢于创新，勇求真理，不断培养创新意识，激发学术热情。
活动形式：以我系硕士研究生十大二级学科为依托，分为七组（①民俗学、文艺学 ②课程与教学论 ③语言学及应用语言学 ④汉语言文字学、古代汉语⑤中国古代文学与中国各体文学理论 ⑥中国现当代文学、文学与传媒 ⑦比较文学与世界文学），面向全体硕士研究生，积极宣传，广泛征稿，诚挚邀请著名学者、教授参与评选、点评，此外，在开展活动的同时，由各专业专家、学者初审入
围的稿子将匿名发到研究生论坛上，由学生评议产生创新人气奖。利用此机会催生一批有较高质量的学术研究成果，培养我系研究生的创新意识、激发其学术热情。
活动时间：2011年1月——2011年5月底 活动设计：
具体时间安排：
一、宣传筹备期 1、2011年1月上旬
活动的初步研议、策划2、2011年1月中旬
一期征稿
发出征稿启事，征集论文
多途径广泛宣传论坛诸项事宜，积极动员广大同学，激发其学术热情。3、2011年2月20日至2011年3月28日 二期征稿
因为考虑到放寒假，所以征稿分两期进行 4、2011年3月28日至2011年4月中旬
多方联系各专业专家、学者，做好论文评审的准备工作 收稿整理，请专家审阅、评奖，并对相关讨论的论文做点评 5、2011年4月中旬至4月底
邀请出席论坛主题演讲的专家、出席论坛的各位嘉宾
二、开展期 1、2011年5月上旬
论坛开幕式
领导致辞；开展一系列主题演讲（至少三场）
注:开幕式及主题演讲约120——150分钟，设主持人1名 2、5月中旬
分组讨论
请各位专家和相关论文作者，进行深入细致的交流、指导，加强学生与老师的互动性。
注：分组讨论约120分钟，讨论人数按实际情况控制，每个小组设主持人1名
具体流程：
（1）与会者发言，每人发言不超过10分钟（2）专家点评5分钟（3）小组自由讨论15分钟
3、做好论坛相关的会场联系、布置、服务工作；材料准备；录影、录音、照相等资料搜集工作
4、获奖情况的统计以及获奖证书的准备5、5月下旬
闭幕式暨颁奖典礼 ；
分组讨论结束后，各组集中，进行颁奖典礼和闭幕式 获奖者与领导、专家合影
拟邀请出席论坛及分组讨论的专家、学者名录（暂定）：
田兆元、安俭、方克强、朱国华、王峰、朱志荣、孙国强、王意如、徐默凡、李明洁、韩蕾、詹鄞鑫、徐莉莉、刘志基、董莲池、胡晓明、方勇、彭国忠、程怡、查正贤、朱惠国、陈子善、罗岗、杨扬、倪文尖、文贵良、魏泉、殷国明、陆晓光、楼成宏、杜心源 等
三、总结期
2011年5月底
获奖论文印刷装订；讯息发布与工作总结
去年，我系研会开展了中文系第一届研究生学术论坛，收取稿件150余份，邀请各专业指导老师评定论文，为本系学生提供了良好的学术交流机会和讨论氛围。这为今年要举办的中文系第二届研究生学术论坛提供了很多便利。相信我们这次的研究生学术论坛能够发掘出一批适应社会需要的创新性人才，同时激发校园内的学术热情，使得在校研究生能够拓展学术视野，提升自己的学术能力。
经费预算：
宣传费：100元
海报制作50元 横幅制作50元
评审费：
300元×30人﹦9000元
场地费：4000元（两次报告厅，8个讨论室）
材料费用、纯净水及鲜花：1000元
获奖证书及奖金、奖品：4000元
通讯费：100元
交通费：100元
印刷、装订费：700元
其他：1000元
总预算：20000元
华东师范大学中文系研究生会
2011年1月
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