中西方戏剧对比有感

第一篇：中西方戏剧对比有感

中西方戏剧对比有感

——以《哈姆雷特》和《窦娥冤》为例

亢菲

2012级教育学一班

摘要： 通过对《哈姆雷特》和《窦娥冤》的解读，剖析出我个人对于中西方戏剧不同处的看法，同时也提出我对于戏剧未来的期待，以及对于戏剧表演形式改进的看法。关键词： 心理描写、语言描写、哈姆雷特、窦娥冤

在酒神剧场，古希腊人年年粉墨登场。同一时期，在中国的先秦时代，孔子删定了《诗经》，屈原写就了《离骚》，老子在讲道，庄子说逍遥，百家争鸣，可谓气象恢弘。但那时，中国人观赏不到戏剧。戏剧艺术在中国文化土壤上艰难孕育，待到它蛹化成蝶，距离古希腊戏剧的黄金时代已是千年流失。但就是源于不同文化土壤上的两种戏剧，造成了今天戏剧舞台上的异彩纷呈。下面我以《哈姆雷特》和《西厢记》为例，谈谈我对中西方戏剧的感悟。

一、西方悲剧典型代表——忧郁王子“哈姆雷特”

1601年，一个经典戏剧人物形象——哈姆雷特在英国戏剧大师

莎士比亚的笔下诞生了。哈姆雷特的原型是丹麦历史上的一位传奇人物，有关他替父报仇的传说激发了莎士比亚的创作热情。经过莎翁的卓越创造，这个人物从苍白的历史记载走上了生动的戏剧舞台，成为了永恒的哈姆雷特。同时，哈姆雷特也成为西方戏剧塑造人物追求性格化传统的鼻祖。

哈姆雷特是一位非常理想的王位继承人。但是，一场灾难将这位“阳光王子”拖进了人生的深渊。哈姆雷特所崇拜的父王死了，他所依恋的母后改嫁了，父亡母嫁的事实让他一时间无法接受。就在他悲伤迷惘的时候，父亲的亡魂又告诉了他一个骇人的事实：自己是被自己的弟弟，哈姆雷特的叔叔毒害的。年轻的哈姆雷特陡然间遭到了双重打击，他的悲伤无法抑制，它的愤怒无法遏止。从此，他长久地生活在这两种负面情绪中，并造就了他复杂的内心世界。

哈姆雷特是一个谜，一个关于人的复杂内心的谜。哈姆雷特为什么没有直接剑刺仇敌的胸膛呢？这个问题，400年来没有得到一个公认的答案。哈姆雷特自己也非常困惑，他不断的自责说：“现在我明明有理由，有决心，有力量，有方法可以动手干我所要干的事，可是我还是再说一些空话„„始终不曾表现出来。”那么为什么呢？有四种解释非常流行：因为懦弱，哈姆雷特没有勇气，所以逃避复仇；因为性格谨慎，哈姆雷特思虑过多，所以没有轻易行动；因为心地善良，哈姆雷特不希望流血，所以竭力避免流血行为；因为没有机会，哈姆雷特无从下手，所以只能等待时机。但接下来，又有人根据具体情节推翻了以上四种说法。有人曾说：一千个人有一千个哈姆雷特。可见哈姆雷特内心世界的复杂，而莎翁的高明之处在于给观众留下了很大的想象空间，让观众有机会在哈姆雷特身上找到自己，也有机会描绘自己内心的哈姆雷特。

所以我认为西方戏剧故事的跌宕起伏主要体现在人物内心的纠结与斗争。西方戏剧不会浓墨重彩的去描述具体的故事情节，也不会通过大量铺陈来体现戏剧性效果，而是通过人物内心的斗争来展现戏剧特色。并且这种戏剧传统也深深影响了西方的小说创作。在西方的小说作品中，我们会发现大段的人物心理描写，这些心理描写往往是解读人物复杂心理性格的关键。同时这种人物的心理描写也将整个小说情节推向了高潮。

读西方戏剧，我会不由自主的融入到戏剧当中，与剧中人物发生奇特的心理共鸣。他们内心纠结，我也内心纠结；他们内心矛盾，我也内心矛盾；他们悲伤的难以自制，我也会悲伤的泪流满面。我与剧中人物无比和谐的融合在了一起，俨然不知我是剧中人，还是剧中人是我。

二、中国十大悲剧之一《窦娥冤》

公元13世纪，蒙古人灭金亡宋，建立元朝。由于蒙古族推行民族歧视政策，汉族知识分子报国无门，只好投身于戏剧创作，从而在整体上提升了中国戏剧的艺术性。正是在这种特别的历史背景下，中国戏剧迎来了自己的黄金时代。据不完全统计，元至明初200多年的时间里，剧作家留名史册的就有近200人，作品数量高达500多部。关汉卿、王实甫、马致远、纪君祥、高明是元代五位具有代表性的剧作家，他们的代表作—《窦娥冤》、《西厢记》、《汉宫秋》、《赵氏孤儿》、《琵琶记》基本上能够构成元代戏剧创作最为卓越的部分。从世界范围来看，人类戏剧在中国的元代迎来了继古希腊戏剧之后的第二次繁盛期。

下面我就中国十大悲剧之一的《窦娥冤》谈谈我对中国戏剧的感受。《窦娥冤》是关汉卿最优秀的代表作，剧作以窦娥的悲惨遭遇揭示了元朝吏治的腐败和社会的黑暗。士人窦天章无力偿还蔡婆的债务，不得不把年仅7岁的女儿窦娥抵押给蔡家做童养媳。窦娥17岁与丈夫成亲，但不久丈夫就病死了。蔡婆外出讨债，欠债不还的赛卢医竟欲把蔡婆勒死，恰逢泼皮无赖张驴儿父子路过此地，救下蔡婆，并以此相要挟，逼娶蔡家婆媳。软弱的蔡婆答应下来，窦娥则坚决不从。张驴儿在羊肚汤里下了毒药，企图毒死蔡婆，霸占窦娥。不料，张驴儿的父亲喝下了羊肚汤中毒而死，张驴儿反诬窦娥，两人对簿公堂。山阳太守贪赃枉法，偏袒张驴儿，对窦娥严刑逼供，还扬言要刑讯蔡婆。窦娥担心婆婆年纪大了受不了大刑之苦，只好屈打成招。临死前发下三桩誓愿：血溅白练、六月飞雪、楚州大旱三年。这三桩誓愿都一一得到验证。三年后，窦娥的父亲窦天章靠着窦娥冤魂的指引，从审了这桩冤案。恶人受到了惩罚，窦娥的沉冤得到昭雪。

窦娥的冤屈让许多人都哀叹不已，我们在为窦娥鸣不平的同时，也对元朝吏治的腐败产生了深深的厌恶。仔细阅读剧本，我们会发现《窦娥冤》中几乎没有对窦娥及几个主角的心理描写，这与西方戏剧相比显示出了极大的不同。《窦娥冤》中大多采用语言描述，通过不同人物的语言来体现人物性格特征，并且也着力将情绪融汇在语言中，从而将故事情节推向高潮。

读中国戏剧，我好像是一个隐世高人，冷眼旁观的看着尘世间发生的一切。我总会置身事外，以一个先知的身份感受着剧中人物的欢乐与悲伤。我会最客观冷静的发掘出作者想传达给我的想法，找到这个戏剧最震撼我灵魂的地方。但却会有一种“举世皆浊我独清，举世皆醉我独醒”的痛苦。最终只能化为“我笑他人忒疯癫，他人笑我看不穿！”

三、中西方戏剧的现代化

不论是西方戏剧注重心理描写，还是中国戏剧注重语言描写，都没有好坏之分。正是这两种不同的戏剧形态才造就了今天世界戏剧的异彩纷呈，我们要以一种开放的心态，从内心出发，用心去品读其中的韵味。

不论是西方戏剧，还是中国戏剧，都面临着一种较为尴尬的境地。当代年轻人都不是很喜欢戏剧这种文艺表演形式，这就需要我们改进戏剧，为戏剧加入许多现代化元素，与时俱进。例如：我们可以加入一些现代化语言，用一些多媒体设备，改编一下剧本。总之，只要为戏剧加入当代年轻人的创新思想，戏剧一定会在年轻人中找到“粉丝”。

我坚信：戏剧这朵艺术奇葩会开的更加绚丽！

【参考文献】

1、《忧郁的王子》

2、《漫长的历程》

第二篇：中西方节目主持人对比

中西方节目主持人对比

黄露

1006010138

10广电班

----------

一、我国节目主持人的发展状况。

说起主持人的来源，还得追溯到1928年荷兰对外广播公司开播首个主持人节目“快乐的电台”，自那以后，主持人这个行业才从西方逐渐兴起。而相比之下，中国国内节目主持人的出现则要晚上半个多世纪，一直是到1980年7月12日中央电视台开播的《观察与思考》首次正式打出“主持人”字幕时，主持人这一职业才正式在我国出现。发展至今，我国的节目主持人行业已经经过了三十几年的风风雨雨，如今的主持人得到了很大的发展。

首先，主持人不再是最初充当报幕员和播音员的机械式主持人了，而是具备采访、播音、评论等能力于一体的“多功能”主持人。记得1978年元旦《新闻联播》开播时，主持人播报新闻大多像“看图说话”一般，新闻图片上显示的是什么，主持人就描述一遍，很少会涉及到图片所隐含的新闻意义。而如今再看《新闻联播》，主持人不仅要具备基本的新闻播报能力，有时候主持人还要去到现场采写新闻，或者在演播室对新闻进行评论。

其次，如今的主持人的主持声音也不像之前那样干涩、枯燥、平淡无味了，其主持的语言也变得温柔细腻，充满了人情味。比如柴静，当年她刚进入央视主持《东方时空•时空连线》时，就因为太过官方的生硬的主持风格伤害过一些本就受过伤害的嘉宾，后来她意识到了这一点并加以改正，如今才成就了她“温柔杀手”的称号。

再次，主持人这个行业也不像当初那样高高在上，遥不可及，如今的主持业也学会了从受众的需求出发，时不时与观众进行些互动，与受众保持双向联系„„

类似的变化有很多很多，从而也可以看出，我国的节目主持人发展状况在未来很长一段时间内还是很有发展前途的。我们一方面要看到这些年来节目主持人的积极发展状况，但也要看到国内节目主持人与国外节目主持人的较大差距。在此，我将通过对比美国著名女性节目主持人奥普拉•温弗瑞和有“东方奥普拉”之称的鲁豫的主持风格来分析中西方节目主持人的差距。

二、人物介绍

奥普拉•温弗瑞是一位天命之年、长相平平，身材欠佳的黑人妇女，但就是这样一位不起眼的人靠着其极具个性的主持能力，凭借着独一无二的《奥普拉秀》一跃成为当今世界上最具影响力的妇女之一。陈鲁豫曾被评为“中央电视台最受欢迎的十大主持人”称号，她主持的《鲁豫有约》更是根据她的采访风格特意打造的一档明星主持节目。鲁豫还因为她采访的幽默感和真诚被称为“东方奥普拉”。

三、奥普拉和鲁豫之间的共同点。

1、两位主持人都是以真诚动人的。

其他一些主持人，在进行人物访谈时，并不是特别关心采访对象的回答和心理，而是关心下一个问题问什么，这就明显使得采访对象觉得主持人并没有将自己放在心上，采访对象的回答也越来越无趣了。但是奥普拉和陈鲁豫不同，她们虽然也会考虑接下来要问什么，她们更关心的是采访对象的回答，并根据采访对象的回答做出相应的回应。陈鲁豫在《鲁豫有约》中就会捉住采访对象回答的一个亮点，并不时在之后的问答中再度提起，这就让受访嘉宾感觉主持人把自己的话听进去了。奥普拉更甚，在做节目访谈时，奥普拉常常不惜将自己的一些秘密作为“交换条件”，并和嘉宾一起抱头痛哭或是仰天长笑。这样的真诚，换做是谁，也都愿意说出那些本不愿说出的事吧！

2、两位主持人进行人物访谈时都善于营造轻松的采访气氛。

我一直认为，一名优秀的主持人进行采访时并不是靠刻意的搞笑或者是牵强的幽默，好的主持人会让受访嘉宾感到自然的轻松，并会发出会心的微笑。奥普拉和陈鲁豫就善于调节采访现场的气氛。比如，陈鲁豫在采访受访嘉宾时在听到嘉宾某些幽默的回答时放声大笑。这种大笑并不是每一位女主持人都敢于做的。受到主持人的感染，嘉宾的情绪自然也就会放轻松。奥普拉的纯真可爱更是为人所知，她在采访嘉宾时会跟随着采访嘉宾的回答做出很夸张的肢体动作或者是夸张的大笑。这些夸张的元素，让再害羞的嘉宾也会放松心态的。

3、两位主持人对节目的控制能力都很强。

虽说两人在节目中的情绪经常会随着嘉宾的情绪波动而波动，但是两人并没有深陷其中，不能自拔，而把节目引导偏离轨道。她们所问的问题之间是由内在的逻辑联系的，因此，即使对于一个问题，主持人会有所发挥，但也不影响总体的节目进程。

四、奥普拉和鲁豫之间的不同点。

1、两人的职业经历不同。

奥普拉是在电视台熬10多年才遇到自己的伯乐，歪打正着被迫去主持一档电视脱口秀节目，才从一名不称职的新闻采写记者成功蜕变为“脱口秀女王”的。虽然她自己说这是歪打正着，但不能否认，10多年电视记者的经验让她更加能够摸清受众的收视心理，做出更让受众接受的电视节目的。陈鲁豫则不同，她是1993年从北京广播学院毕业后直接进入央视担任主持人的，直接的就业带来的最大问题就是经验不足。也许是意识到了这点，在央视工作两年后她便远赴美国，留学“充电”。直至学成归来，才登上了事业的高峰。

2、主持涉及面不同。

和奥普拉相比，陈鲁豫的主持内容主要是注重节目人物的故事情节，但奥普拉不仅注重普通人物的故事，也注重国际重要敏感问题。奥普拉有很多期的采访都是和关爱妇女儿童、抵制吸毒等社会重大敏感问题。由此看来，这也算是我国访谈类节目比较薄弱的问题。

3、陈鲁豫的采访语气与奥普拉相比，温柔有余，尖锐不足。

其实我眼中的奥普拉也是一个“性情中人”，她在采访到悲伤的故事时，也会和嘉宾一起抱头痛哭。但对于那些很敏感的问题，奥普拉从不马虎。比如，在著名的“詹姆斯·弗雷自传事件”中，奥普拉三次专题节目访谈弗雷，第一次受到弗雷戒毒故事感动而向大众大力推荐其自传，第二次对弗雷自传中的虚假情节进行当面质问和严重质疑，第三次则为自己的“严厉过火”向弗雷道歉。这三次采访中，我们足以看出奥普拉的真诚、负责。这些特质正是西方节目主持人主持亮点，也是我们国内的主持人不足的地方。

4、最后，我自认为把陈鲁豫称为“东方奥普拉”并不是很适合。

毕竟，鲁豫也是有自己的采访特点的，比如在节目中她会安安静静地倾听受访者的诉说，绝不会从中打断。她的安静，正是她的特点。而现在她被安上奥普拉的标签，这对于她的采访特点来说是一种抹杀。她是陈鲁豫，绝不是第二个奥普拉。

五、总结中西方节目主持人的差距。

综上所述，从对比中西方两位著名女性节目主持人陈鲁豫和奥普拉来看，以小见大地可以看出两者之间还是有对比性的。

第一、我国节目主持人的新闻从业经验和西方节目主持人是有差距的。西方国家的主持人很多都是从最基础的新闻采写工作干起，并且是在新闻基层磨练了数十年后才当上主持人的，所以他们的经验比较丰富，节目主持比较有深度。而我国的许多主持人都是直接从学校进入主持行业，十分缺少基层的锻炼。不仅对新闻领域没有一个全面准确的认识，而且主持能力比较单一，不像西方许多主持人那样全能。

第二、由于中西方主持人节目运行机制的不同，而导致主持人个 性发挥和内在环境不同。在西方，许多主持人不仅仅是主持人，还负责整个节目的策划、选题、采访和编稿等，所以在节目中，主持人不仅可以学到很多东西，而且还可以相对自由地发挥自己的个性特点。中国则不同，我国的许多主持人只会负责到节目的采访和主持，自然，从中学到的东西是有限的。而且，我国主持人在主持中会受到采访稿或者主持稿的束缚，不能够畅快地表现自己的个性。

第三、中国节目主持人虽然与西方有所差距，但仍有自己的发展空间的。

第三篇：中西方文化对比

中西方文化对比

--对文化教化功能的再认识

以前曾经看过一则趣事，是说不同国家的人弄丢了一枚硬币后的反应，美国人只会摇摇头，不再回想，日本人会回家做一番深刻的反思，德国人会在丢失硬币的周围仔细寻找。从这则趣事可以看出，不同民族的区别从根本上说是民族心理，而不同民族心理产生的根源是不同的民族文化。民族文化对民族心理的影响体现的就是文化的教化功能。

比如说，在中华传统文化中，占主导地位的是强调伦理道德与群体意识的儒家文化，其次就是宁静恬淡的道家文化。因此，一个深受中华传统文化全面教化的中国人，在青年时期追求立足社会与实现个人理想，采取的是入世、有为、贡献社会的价值取向；而在老年退休，要求减轻或摆脱精神痛苦与求助心切之时，便倾向接受道家处世养生原则。

与历经数千年传承的中国传统文化相对应的西方文化，也是世界文化宝库中的丰厚遗产。但由于地理环境、历史背景、发展过程等因素的不同，中西方文化呈现出巨大的差异。不同的文化潜移默化地影响着人们并经过人的心理折射后形成了中西方不同的文化心理，体现在三方面：群体与个体，保守与求新，讲“礼”与平等。

中国是一个以群体文化为主要文化特征的国家。中国人的群体意识来源于以农耕为主的小农经济生产方式。这种生产方式使得中国人习惯于集体作业，成为中国人典型的人生体验和一种约定俗成的典型情境，从而造就了中国人的群体文化心理。“四海之内皆兄弟”、“在家靠父母，出外靠朋友”等说法，就是群体观念的典型反映。而西方文化中的上帝信仰，使人更倾向于不依赖他人而通过自己与上帝之间的关系来指导自己行事为人。因此西方人推崇个体文化心理。

中庸之道对中国人的文化心理影响极大。中庸中的“中”字意味着“折中、调和、无过也无不及”，庸的意思是“平常”。《论语·率雍》也写到：“中庸之为德也。其至矣乎。”在中国，标新立异是不被肯定的，特立独行的人往往被众人所排斥。这种拒绝变化的儒家精神在中国造成强大的保守意识，使中国文化失去了创新的动力。西方个体主义的文化心理强调个人的价值与尊严，强调个人的特征与差异，提倡新颖，鼓励独特风格。正是这种追求“差异”和“多样化”的“求变”心理，使西方人拥有了那种独立创新的科学精神，推动西方社会创造出丰富的精神和物质文明。

中国人信奉尊卑有别，长幼有序。孟子称：“舜使契为司徒，教以人伦，父子有亲，群臣有义，夫妻有别，长幼有序，朋友有信。”（《滕文公上》）在中国，人与人交往时要受到各自地位和角色的制约，否则就是失礼。这种较强的等级观念也在其语言表达形式上体现出来。汉语中当几个词并列时许多情况下排列顺序不是任意的，一般是按由尊到卑、由主到次、由大到小的次序排列，如君臣、父子、兄弟、姐妹、师徒、男女老少等等。中国人推崇“抑己尊人”的处世原则，谈话时有意抬高他人地位而使自己显得卑微，因此汉语中出现了大量的谦称和敬称。汉语自称谦词古代有：仆、小人、愚、鄙人等，近现代有：学生、晚辈等。自称亲人谦词有：家父、家母、内人、犬子等，敬称对方亲人有：令尊、令堂、令夫人、令爱等。而西方文化心理强调平等。平等意识渗透到西方社会的各个领域，西方人的行为、工作、娱乐、语言、政治等无不体现出平等观念。因此，令中国人难以接受的是，在西方，子女对父母、学生对老师都可以直呼其名，晚辈或学生可以就一个问题或观点与长辈或老师争得面红耳赤，毫不顾忌后者的面子或权威。

通过以上对中西方人不同文化心理以及行为方式的比较，可以看出，文化的教化功能在于，不同的文化使不同民族的人们在思维方式、行为习惯、价值观念、审美趣味等方面体现出了诸多不同。文化虽无形，但它可以通过教化功能潜移默化地渗透到每一个有形的人身上。可以说，正因为文化具有教化功能，世界文化的多样性才得以保存和体现。

第四篇：中西方酒文化的对比

本科生毕业设计（论文）封面

（2017 届）

论文（设计）题目 作 者 学 院、专 业 班 级 指导教师（职称）论 文 字 数 论文完成时间

大学教务处制

英语原创毕业论文参考选题(200个)

一、论文说明

本写作团队致力于英语毕业论文写作与辅导服务，精通前沿理论研究、仿真编程、数据图表制作，专业英语本科论文3000起，具体可以联系扣 8059+90749。下列所写题目均可写作。部分题目已经写好原创。

二、原创论文参考题目

1、(英语毕业论文)跨文化交际中的中美幽默的比较（开题报告+论文+文献综述）

2、(英语毕业论文)浅析王尔德《快乐王子》中基督教救赎的表现形式

3、(英语毕业论文)凯瑟琳•曼斯菲尔德《苍蝇》反映的人性创伤分析

4、(英语毕业论文)会话含义理论在英文广告中的应用

5、(英语毕业论文)《雾都孤儿》中的童话模式解读（开题报告+论文）

6、(英语毕业论文)对比研究中西家庭观

7、(英语毕业论文)顺应理论视角下《红楼梦》中社交指示语的英译研究

8、(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我

9、(英语毕业论文)多媒体技术在早期英语教育中的应用

10、(英语毕业论文)从市场营销的角度论哈利•波特的成功

11、(英语毕业论文)基于《生活大爆炸》研究合作原则的违反12、13、14、15、16、述）17、18、19、20、(英语毕业论文)文化视角下的品牌名翻译研究

(英语毕业论文)《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《牡丹亭》中女性主义意识的对比研究(英语毕业论文)威廉•麦克佩斯•萨克雷《名利场》的道德研究

(英语毕业论文)Saussure’s Five Contributions to Linguistic Study and Its Modern(英语毕业论文)论《红字》中海斯特的抗争与命运(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)从女性主义角度浅析《诺桑觉寺》(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)从玛氏公司看英美文化对广告的影响

(英语毕业论文)An Analysis of Racism in Of Mice and Men（开题报告+论文+文献综Applications21、22、23、24、(英语毕业论文)从生态女性主义角度解读朱厄特的《白苍鹭》(英语毕业论文)从审美视角分析中国古典诗词的英译(英语毕业论文)家庭教育对保罗的影响：品读《儿子与情人》

(英语毕业论文)任务型教学模式在初中英语课堂教学中的现状分析－－以xx学校初一学生为例（开题报告+论文）25、26、27、(英语毕业论文)模因论指导下的英语习语汉译

(英语毕业论文)从语体学论《一九八四》中的反极权主义

(英语毕业论文)从《道连•格雷的画像》透析王尔德的艺术人生观（开题报告+论文+文献综述）

28、述)

29、(英语毕业论文)A Comparative Study of Feminism in Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights(英语毕业论文)论艾略特《荒原》中的宗教信仰与价值观(开题报告+论文+文献综（开题报告+论文+文献综述）30、31、(英语毕业论文)法国大革命对《西风颂》创作的影响

(英语毕业论文)A Study of Angel Clare’s Multiple Personalities in Tess of the D’Urbervilles（开题报告+论文+文献综述）32、33、34、(英语毕业论文)论狄更斯《雾都孤儿》中南希的人物性格

(英语毕业论文)Effects of First Person Narration on Thematic Expression in Araby(英语毕业论文)Differences Between English and Chinese Euphemisms and Influences on Cross-cultural Communication

35、(英语毕业论文)超越和世俗——对《月亮和六便士》中Strickland和Stroeve的对比分析（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文翻译）

36、(英语毕业论文)顺应论视角中电影字幕汉英翻译研究——以李安电影作品字幕翻译为例（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文翻译）37、38、综述）

39、(英语毕业论文)The Weakness of Human Nature in Gulliver’s Travels(开题报告+论文(英语毕业论文)中学英语任务型教学理论研究及应用现状评述

(英语毕业论文)《永别了武器》中战争对人类所造成的毁灭（开题报告+论文+文献+文献综述)40、(英语毕业论文)中西方餐桌礼仪的文化对比分析（开题报告+论文）41、42、论文)

43、(英语毕业论文)从文本类型角度看企业外宣材料的翻译（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)从目的论角度看外宣翻译—以年《政府工作报告》为例(开题报告+(英语毕业论文)《恋爱中的女人》欧秀拉和古迪兰的性格对其爱情观的影响（开题报告+论文）44、45、46、(英语毕业论文)辩证论视域下神似与形似的相互关系研究(英语毕业论文)中美婚姻价值观对比（开题报告+论文）

(英语毕业论文)On the Aesthetic Connotation of the Death in For Whom the Bell Tolls by Hemingway（开题报告+论文）47、48、49、50、述）

51、(英语毕业论文)A Comparative Study of Oedipus Complex in Sons and Lovers and(英语毕业论文)从《刮痧》看中美家庭文化差异

(英语毕业论文)《抽彩》和《蝇王》的艺术魅力比较（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)《嘉莉妹妹》中女主人公的服饰所反映的女性意识

(英语毕业论文)浅析王尔德《莎乐美》的唯美主义和成因（开题报告+论文+文献综Thunderstorm（开题报告+论文+文献综述）52、53、54、55、(英语毕业论文)文化差异对习语翻译的影响(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)《红字》中女权主义意识探析（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)对《斯佳丽》中生态女权主义的解读(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)A General Analysis of Mr.Xu Yuanzhong’s Translation Art of Language Variation in Classic Poems56、57、(英语毕业论文)论《紫色》的叙事现代性分析（开题报告+论文）

(英语毕业论文)从弗洛伊德的精神分析法分析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿•考尔菲德的成长58、59、60、61、62、63、(英语毕业论文)从构式视野下对英语图式习语的解读

(英语毕业论文)英汉习语翻译中文化意象的转换（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)英汉礼貌用语对比研究

(英语毕业论文)场独立和场依存对不同主题阅读材料的影响研究（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)用目的论理论研究英汉电影名翻译(开题报告+论文+文献综述)(英语毕业论文)从基因学的角度看多义词的词义关系（开题报告+论文+文献综述+

外文翻译）64、65、66、67、68、69、70、71、(英语毕业论文)大学英语电影教学现状及对策分析（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)论英语教学中交际法应用的困境及其解决之道

(英语毕业论文)《紫色》中“家”的解读（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)浅析《远大前程》中皮普的个人抱负与自我完善

(英语毕业论文)The Developments of Marriage View over Three Periods in the West(英语毕业论文)Euphemism in English advertisements(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我

(英语毕业论文)《简爱》和《藻海无边》的女主人公的对比研究（开题报告+论文+文献综述）72、73、74、75、76、77、78、79、80、81、(英语毕业论文)从女性主义角度解读《灶神之妻》（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)商务英语中的缩略词研究（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)《隐形人》中格里芬的心理剖析（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)Cultural Differences and Translation Strategies(英语毕业论文)解读《爱玛》中的女性主体意识（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)从数字的联想意义研究中西文化的差异(英语毕业论文)《茶馆》英译本的翻译对比研究(英语毕业论文)《双城记》中的象征手法分析

(英语毕业论文)从《肖申克的救赎》看体制化对个人的影响

(英语毕业论文)问题类型对TEM阅读成绩影响的实证研究（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文翻译）82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)《儿子与情人》中扭曲的爱（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)自然主义在《野性的呼唤》中的体现（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)城市公共标识翻译技巧及问题分析

(英语毕业论文)Strategies of Translating Chinese Proper Nouns in Tourism Texts(英语毕业论文)Oscar Wilde’s Aestheticism on The Picture of Dorian Gray(英语毕业论文)浅谈英语俚语（开题报告+论文+文献综述）

(英语毕业论文)《分期付款》中英语长句的分译策略（开题报告+论文+文献综述+

外文翻译）91、92、(英语毕业论文)Analysis on Humors in Short Stories by Mark Twain(英语毕业论文)论奥斯卡•王尔德的矛盾性——从传记角度解读《奥斯卡•王尔德童话集》（开题报告+论）93、(英语毕业论文)Sino-US Cultural Differences——Through Comparison Between APPLE and OPPO 94、95、(英语毕业论文)论中西方思维方式的差异（开题报告+论文+文献综述）

(英语毕业论文)从文化翻译学行为论看汉语国俗语的英译过程——对林语堂和《吾国吾民》的个案考察（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文翻译）96、97、98、99、(英语毕业论文)《德伯家的苔丝》中的意象分析（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)目的论下英语广告仿拟格的汉译（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)艾伦金斯堡及其《嚎叫》之于二十世纪六十年代美国文化的影响（开题报告+论文）100、101、(英语毕业论文)《傲慢与偏见》与《劝导》中婚姻模式的对比研究(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)汉语茶文化特色词的英译研究——以《茶经》和《续茶经》为例（开题报告+论文）102、103、综述）104、(英语毕业论文)福克纳笔下的“南方淑女”－－从互文视角解析凯蒂和艾米莉的边(英语毕业论文)简爱和林黛玉的反叛性格对比分析

(英语毕业论文)在归隐中相遇—论梭罗与陶渊明的诗意人生（开题报告+论文+文献缘化形象特征（开题报告+论文+文献综述）105、106、107、108、109、110、综述）111、(英语毕业论文)颜色词的英汉翻译研究(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我

(英语毕业论文)战争隐喻在体育新闻报道中的运用（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)从《绝望主妇》看美国人的婚姻观（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)目的论视角下新闻标题汉译英研究（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)从语域理论角度分析商务发盘函的翻译策略

(英语毕业论文)浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中的苔丝悲剧的成因（开题报告+论文+文献

112、(英语毕业论文)不伦，还是不朽？－－从柏拉图的哲学理论视角解读《洛丽塔》（开题报告+论）113、(英语毕业论文)解读罗伯特•彭斯的爱情观——以《一朵红红的玫瑰》和《约翰•安德生，我的爱人》为例 114、115、116、117、118、119、(英语毕业论文)浅析英语体育新闻的汉译策略（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)文化视角下的英汉习语对译（开题报告+论文+）

(英语毕业论文)师生关系与学生英语学习积极性之关联性探析（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)《人性的污点》中主要人物的悲剧命运与社会原因的分析(英语毕业论文)A Study of Beauty in Sound, Form and Meaning Displayed in Zhang Peiji’s Prose Translation 120、(英语毕业论文)托妮•莫里森《宠儿》中的主角赛丝的女性形象研究（开题报告+论文+文献综述）121、122、123、124、125、126、127、128、129、130、论文）131、+论文）132、133、(英语毕业论文)试析《旅游巴士》中的犹太文化内涵（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)Western and Chinese Marriage Differences in Cross-cultural(英语毕业论文)从浪漫主义角度剖析《海上钢琴师》在中国流行的原因（开题报告(英语毕业论文)论《围城》的幽默语翻译(英语毕业论文)Advertising and Its Application(英语毕业论文)中美电影文化营销的比较研究（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)浅析英语广播新闻的语言特色

(英语毕业论文)A Cultural Analysis of English and Chinese Names(英语毕业论文)论《傲慢与偏见》中婚姻选择的经济动因（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)哥特元素在《宠儿》中的运用（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)小学英语课堂互动式教学研究(开题报告+论文+文献综述)(英语毕业论文)论《老人与海》中圣地亚哥性格的双重性

(英语毕业论文)文化杂糅背景下的身份诉求——解读奈保尔的《半生》（开题报告+Communication 134、(英语毕业论文)《绝望的主妇》中的中产阶级女性独立意识的研究（开题报告+论

文）135、136、述）137、综述）138、(英语毕业论文)从《无名的裘德》看哈代的现代性意识（开题报告+论文+文献综述(英语毕业论文)浅析《愤怒的葡萄》中主要人物的性格特征（开题报告+论文+文献(英语毕业论文)学习动机对大学生英语学习的影响（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)从美国总统就职演说看美国文化价值观（开题报告+论文+文献综+外文翻译）139、140、141、142、例 143、(英语毕业论文)英语系动词语义属性及句法行为研究（开题报告+论文+文献综述+(英语毕业论文)从好莱坞电影看美国的文化霸权

(英语毕业论文)化学专业学生英语阅读策略研究（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)论童话《小王子》的象征创作（开题报告+论文）

(英语毕业论文)从动态对等角度分析中国旅游景点名称英译——以中国庐山网为外文翻译）144、(英语毕业论文)《嘉莉妹妹》和《名利场》中的女性的性格及命运对比分析（开题报告+论文）145、述）146、(英语毕业论文)简•奥斯汀《诺桑觉寺》中人物对爱情和婚姻的不同态度（开题报(英语毕业论文)浅析《乞力马扎罗的雪》的现代主义特征（开题报告+论文+文献综告+论文+文献综述）147、148、(英语毕业论文)Grammatical Analysis of Academic Writing(英语毕业论文)解读奥斯卡•王尔德的《莎乐美》中的女性意识（开题报告+论文+文献综述）149、150、151、152、(英语毕业论文)论关联理论在商业广告翻译中的运用（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)探析《老人与海》的主题(英语毕业论文)从关联理论看电影字幕的翻译

(英语毕业论文)从归化和异化的角度对《小妇人》的两个中文译本的比较研究（开题报告+论文+文献综述）153、(英语毕业论文)英语电影对白汉译154、155、156、157、158、159、160、161、162、163、164、165、166、(英语毕业论文)分析《野性的呼唤》的生存原则—从美国自然主义观的视角(英语毕业论文)社会语言学视角下女性语言的特点

(英语毕业论文)从电影《国王的演讲》看平民情结（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)浅析《爱玛》中简•奥斯汀的婚姻观

(英语毕业论文)论西尔维娅•普拉斯诗歌中的死亡意象（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)汉英翻译中的多余词现象

(英语毕业论文)浅议创新型口语教学在农村中的实施

(英语毕业论文)美国牛仔形象演变和西部电影发展的研究（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)《飘》两个中译本人名地名翻译对比研究(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)中医术语翻译方法研究

(英语毕业论文)莎士比亚《李尔王》中的女性角色塑造

(英语毕业论文)论《可爱的骨头》中的多重象征（开题报告+论文）

(英语毕业论文)论接受理论对儿童文学作品的影响——以《快乐王子》中译本为例（开题报告+论文）167、(英语毕业论文)从依恋理论看《呼啸山庄》主人公希斯克利夫悲剧性格的形成（开题报告+论）168、169、170、171、翻译）172、173、174、175、176、177、178、(英语毕业论文)论《劝导》中女性角色的地位（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)《威尼斯商人》中鲍西亚形象浅析(英语毕业论文)从《喜福会》中透视文化的冲突与融合

(英语毕业论文)An Analysis of the Problems on Chinese Early Childhood Education(英语毕业论文)从十字军东征看中世纪宗教冲突（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)从关联理论看《茶馆》两个英译本中修辞格的处理（开题报告+论(英语毕业论文)论《简•爱》中伯莎•梅森的疯癫（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)The Application of Cooperative Learning in English Teaching(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我

(英语毕业论文)目的论在英语儿歌翻译中的应用（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文文+文献综述+外文翻译）179、(英语毕业论文)《傲慢与偏见》中婚姻观对当代中国的现实意义（开题报告+论文）180、181、182、183、184、185、186、187、188、(英语毕业论文)A Symbolic Analysis of Paradise Lost（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)从关联理论角度看英语广告语的修辞(英语毕业论文)浅析《恋爱中的女人》中劳伦斯的爱情观(英语毕业论文)从思维方式差异看英语复杂句汉译

(英语毕业论文)主位推进模式在语篇翻译中的应用（开题报告+论文）

(英语毕业论文)从小说《百万英镑》中看对当今社会的讽刺意义(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)An Application of Schema Theory in Interpreting(英语毕业论文)《麦琪的礼物》主题与写作手法分析(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)女性主义视角下《白象似的群山》与《莳萝泡菜》中男性形象的对比研究（开题报告+论文+文献综述）189、(英语毕业论文)中西方悲剧爱情故事折射出的文化差异—《穆斯林的葬礼》与《荆棘鸟》之比较（开题报告+论文+文献综述）190、191、192、(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)从语体学论《一九八四》中的反极权主义

(英语毕业论文)On Translation of Cultural Factors in News under Skopostheorie（开题报告+论文+文献综述）193、(英语毕业论文)Gothic Romance: Inheritance and Development of Medieval Romance－－ A Case Study of The Castle of Otranto 194、195、(英语毕业论文)中外大学校训对比研究（开题报告+论文+文献综述）

(英语毕业论文)The Application of Free Association in Literature Creation—Artistic Styles Presented in Mrs.Dalloway 196、文）197、198、199、200、(英语毕业论文)An Analysis of Youth Subculture through the Movie－－Trainspotting(英语毕业论文)论《呼啸山庄》中希斯克里夫性格的双重性(英语毕业论文)《追风筝的人》中哈桑自我牺牲精神的研究(英语毕业论文)论中英思维方式差异对主语翻译的影响(英语毕业论文)从艾米莉•狄金森与李清照的诗歌看女性文化差异（开题报告+论

第五篇：中西方饮食文化对比论文

The Differences Between Chinese

and Western Food Culture

系（部）：外语系 专 业 班： 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师： 2011年 5 月

I

The Differences Between Chinese

and Western Food Culture 中西方饮食文化对比

I

Abstract

With the development of the economic globalization, China and the western countries are connected with each other more tightly and frequently.As an important entry point for people to exchange, it becomes very important to explore the differences between Chinese and western food.It can not only help us have a better understanding of the different culture of China and the west, come across cultural barriers, but also can train people‟s adaptability of the communication in cross-cultural, effectively avoided the cultural misunderstanding when we have a communication.So analyzing and researching in the Western diet and cultural differences has a very important significance in Chinese food culture.It is very important to understand the differences.Moreover, it is useful to guide our practice when communicating with foreign friends.But actually the differences between Chinese and western food have a lot to do with the social and culture development.Culture is a kind of lifestyle that gathered together in a long time in the social life.And the life style including the ways of thinking and behavior.Although it has the universal features, it is also has the fundamental characteristics of the blood and geographic relationship, based on the formation of the nation as a whole unit.Food culture, the same to the nation as a unit, when a nation formed a fixed diet habit, diet tips and diet ideas, then become a culture.It is connected with the different geographical and historical conditions of China and the west.After all different cultures reflect different lifestyles.This paper tries to have inquiries into the difference from five aspects.It specifically expresses at the difference between Chinese and Western food objects,the difference in diet concept, differences in dietary patterns, the different utensils and etiquette, and differences in diet attribution.And this paper discusses the main characteristics the differences between Chinese and western food culture and the reasons for the differences.After that the paper has given the table manners of American as a example, such as bread plates are to the left of the main plate, beverage glasses are to the right;salad fork, knife and soup spoon are further from the main plate than the main course knife, fork and spoon;dessert utensils are either placed above the main plate or served with dessert.General Behavior: Chew with your mouth closed.Do not talk at an excessively loud volume.Refrain from coughing, sneezing or blowing nose at the table and so on.In short, analyzing and researching in the Western diet and cultural differences has a very

I important significance in Chinese food culture.It is not only in understanding the purpose of this fact in itself, but also it is more importantly and useful to guide our practice, based on the awareness-raising, improve food structure, get rid of food abuse, improve the food quality and guarantee people‟s needs, in this kind of way to promote Chinese dining culture.Key words: China and the west culture;difference;concept;comunication

II

摘 要

随着经济全球化进一步发展，中西方联系越来越频繁。作为打开中西方人民交流的重要切入点，探讨中西方饮食差异变的十分重要。其意义在于既能有助于深刻理解中西方文化中的不同之处，跨越文化交流障碍，又能培养人们在跨文化交际时的适应能力，有效地避免交际双方由于文化差异而产生的误会。因此，分析和研究中西方饮食文化的差异对中国的饮食文化而言具有很重要的意义。此外，它有助于指导我们的实践。但是不言而喻中西美食的差异与社会文化的发展密切相关。文化是人们在长期的社会生活中生活方式凝聚起来的总称，其中生活方式又包括思维方式和行为方式，虽然文化具有普遍性特征，但它最根本的特点是以血缘和地缘关系为基础，以名族为单位形成的整体。饮食文化，同样以名族为单位，当一个民族形成了固定的饮食习惯，饮食技巧和饮食观念后，便构成了一种文化。这也与中国和西方的不同地理和历史条件息息相关，毕竟不同的文化反映不同的生活方式。

本文将从以下五个方面来说明中西文化的差异，它具体体现在饮食观念的差异、饮食内容的差异、饮食方式的差异以及不同的餐桌礼仪等。而本文不仅探讨了中西方饮食文化上的差异，更简要分析了造成这一差异的原因。除此之外，本文还以美国的餐桌文化给出了一些例子，例如，面包盘是在主盘的左边，饮料在主盘的右边；沙拉叉、刀和汤匙要比主菜刀、叉、勺放的要远；甜点餐具上方放置或随主板送达。一般吃东西的时候嘴巴紧闭；不要在餐桌上咳嗽、打喷嚏或在餐桌上吹鼻子等或者过分大声说话。总之，分析和研究中西方饮食文化的差异对中国的饮食文化具有很重要的意义。它不仅在于了解这一事实本身，更重要的是用它来知道我们的实践活动，在提高认识的基础上，改善食品结构，革除餐饮弊端，提高餐饮质量，保证人们的生活需要，弘扬中华文化的餐饮文化。

关键词：中西方饮食文化；差异；观念；交流

III

Contents

1.Introduction--------------------1 2.The differences between Chinese and Western food culture--------------------------3 2.1 The difference between Chinese and Western food objects--------------------------4 2.2 The difference in diet concept----------------------------6 2.3.Differences in dietary patterns-----------------------------9 2.4 The different utensils and etiquette----------------------11 2.5 Differences in diet attribution-----------------------------13 3.Nature of the differences between Chinese and Western food-----------------------16 4.Conclusion--------------------17 Acknowledgements--------------19 References------------------------20

IV 1． Introduction

With the development of the economic globalization, China and the western countries are connected with each other more tightly and frequently.As an important entry point for people to exchange, food culture plays a very important role.The differences between Chinese and western food have a lot to do with the social and culture development.Culture is a kind of lifestyle that gathered together in a long time in the social life.And the life style including the ways of thinking and behavior.Although it has the universal features, it is also has the fundamental characteristics of the blood and geographic relationship, based on the formation of the nation as a whole unit.Food culture, the same to the nation as a unit, when a nation formed a fixed diet habit, diet tips and diet ideas, then become a culture.It is connected with the different geographical and historical conditions of China and the west.After all different cultures reflect different lifestyles.In fact, food culture refers to the diet and lifestyle formed under certain historical or social conditions as well as the ideology formed on the basis of the aforesaid.During the history development of different countries and ethnic groups, different behavior patterns and lifestyles formed because the natural conditions and social environments were different.That is what people often refer to as customs.From the point of view of social observation and cultural study, the food culture of an ethnic group can fully embody its mentality, interest, belief and historical development.So, food culture can be seen as the most typical cultural feature of this ethnic group.The development and changes of food culture often reflect the evolution and progress of the society.The differences between Chinese culture and Western culture brought about the difference between their respective food cultures.Under two under different cultural backgrounds, obvious differences exist between Chinese food culture and western food culture, including perception, feature and the methods and materials.Therefore, it becomes very important to explore the differences between Chinese and western food.It can not only help us have a better understanding of the different culture between China and the west and come across cultural barriers, but also can train people‟s adaptability of the communication in cross-cultural, effectively avoided the cultural misunderstanding when we have a communication.So analyzing and researching in the Western diet and cultural differences has a very important significance in Chinese food culture.It is very important to understand the differences.Moreover, it is useful to guide our practice when communicating with foreign friends.This paper tries to have inquiries into the difference from five aspects.It specifically expresses at the difference between Chinese and Western food objects,the difference in diet concept, differences in dietary patterns, the different utensils and etiquette, and differences in diet attribution.And this paper discusses the main characteristics the differences between Chinese and western food culture and the reasons for the differences.After that the paper has given the table manners of American as a example, such as bread plates are to the left of the main plate, beverage glasses are to the right;salad fork, knife and soup spoon are further from the main plate than the main course knife, fork and spoon;dessert utensils are either placed above the main plate or served with dessert.General Behavior: Chew with your mouth closed.Do not talk at an excessively loud volume.Refrain from coughing, sneezing or blowing nose at the table and so on.In short, analyzing and researching in the Western diet and cultural differences has a very important significance in Chinese food culture.It is not only in understanding the purpose of this fact in itself, but also it is more importantly and useful to guide our practice, based on the awareness-raising, improve food structure, get rid of food abuse, improve the food quality and guarantee people‟s needs, in this kind of way to promote Chinese dining culture.2.The differences between Chinese and Western food culture

Once there is a saying that “Food is eating well-deserved for human life”, so food is an indispensable condition for the survival and development of human beings.There are two desires in life: one is feasting them to survive;and the other is the lust of men and women, which can help the mankind to carry on the family line.Facing the two desires, China pays more attention to the former, while the west tends to the latter.Such phenomenon affects the cultural trend.Diet is actually the contents of our daily lives, but why we call it culture? That is because the diet has special status in Chinese culture, and it also has a great distinction between China and the west.As one of the world ancient nations, China‟s diet has a history almost as long as that of Chinese civilization.But in western countries, ancient thinkers devoted less attention to the food problem than the Chinese philosophers did, and there is even not aware of it to the “heaven” degree.With the opposite, they recognized and interpreted the world in the perspective of the lust or love of men and women more.Whether the awareness of original sin of Christianity, Adam and Eve legend, or ancient Greek philosophy(such as Plato‟s dialogue)who considered the personal relationships “love” as the love of ontology of beauty, and regarded it as a reality thinking of philosophy, all these ideas become the basis of western philosophers‟ cultural thoughts.All these had potential effects on the development of western culture and westerners‟ characters.Receiving the influence of respective cultural tradition, the Chinese and western dietary culture has had different characteristics.The differences in concepts, targets, patterns, attribution and nature had reflected the different dietary culture in the different state characteristic;such characteristic has enriched the research value of dietary culture.Studying these cultural differences, we can find out a joint enhancing the communication between China and the west through a comprehensive study of the subject.It may be a great help to the communication of the Chinese and western cultures.The dining product as a result of factor and so on region characteristic, climatic environment, manners and customs influences, will appear in raw material, the taste, the cooking method, the food habit varying degree difference.Was precisely because of these differences, the dining product had the intense localization.Between China and the West culture‟s difference has accomplished China and the West diet culture difference, but this kind of difference and gets along with people the philosophy from the West different thinking mode.The Chinese pays great attention “the beauty to unite”, the westerner pays great attention “humanist”.2.1The difference between Chinese and Western food objects

All diet cannot be done without vegetables.The word “dish” is for the sound in China, and it always has something to do with the plants.According to a survey of western plants scholar, there are 600 varieties of vegetables, six times more than in the west.In fact, the Chinese dishes, vegetable dish is usual food.Meat dish entered the normal diet only on holidays or higher living standards, so since ancient times, and there was a saying of “fresh vegetables”.“Common people eat fresh vegetables, fish only offered in the worship.” It is said that fresh vegetables are mainly to the civilian in general, only being able to eat meat only in worship.Vegetarian diet takes the dominant position in the normal structure.Chinese people consider the vegetables as the main dish;it has inextricably linked with the advocacy of Buddhists.They deem animals as “people” and plants have “no soul.” So, they advocate vegetarianism.Westerners do not seem to have such a good habit.They uphold a cultural origin of nomadic, seafaring nation.Living mainly by fishing and hunting, collection and planting are just the complement.There are more meat dishes in their lives.Feeding, clothing, and using are taken from the animals, and even Western medicine is derived from animals.When the westerners introduce the diet characteristics of their countries, they always feel that their diet is more reasonable on the mix of nutrition than China.The food industry is more developed, such as cans, fast food, although the taste is monotonous, but it saves time, and it also has good nutrition.Therefore, in their countries: people are generally healthier and taller than Chinese, and the people have strong shoulders and developed muscles;but Chinese people look short, their shoulders narrow and legs thin, their skin yellow and their body weak.The differences between Chinese and western food for Westerners to judge the merits of the two diet is not justified.Mr.Sun Yat-sen had profound study of the culture of food and incisive exposition.In his composing The Scheme for National Reconstruction, detailing the differences between Chinese and Western diet phenomenon, he concludes: “Chinese ordinary people drink green tea, and eat simple food such as vegetables and tofu for meal.Such kinds of food are the most healthy and beneficial according to the research of hygienist.Therefore, the remote people in china, whose diet are far from meat and wine, always live a long life.Also China has a big population, and Chinese people have enormous power to resist disease, but they never try the non-diet.“He added:” The Chinese vegetarians all eat tofu.Tofu is expected as the real meat in plants, as it has the nutrition that meat has.It is the meat without toxic materials.So the Chinese are vegetarian used to be a custom without the promotion of scholars.It is also a custom that the European and American drink thick Wine, eat meat and fish.So there was science promotion before and a severe law later, such as the United States Prohibition.And the transfer will not carry out in a short time.“Mr.Sun‟s words tell out the scientific benefits of Chinese diet and disadvantages of Western diet.According to the characteristics of the significant differences between Chinese and Western diet targets, the Chinese character is called the plant character, while the Westerners‟ is animal character.In response to the cultural behaviors, Westerners love adventure, exploration, conflict;but the Chinese people only like to live banally.According to American expert on folklore Ruth‟s opinions on the “cultural pattern” theory, Chinese culture is quite similar to the classical world Apollo-type character and Westerners‟ is similar to the modern world Faust-type.Indeed, the Westerners such as Americans in the development of the west, they put the whole family on the truck, and go out of the city in amid rumbling with the supplies.The Chinese people are always thinking about “home” and “roots”, despite the promotion that young people should take the world as home.But after a few decades, the overseas Chinese will come back to the mainland with crutch to seek their roots.This concept of return and such human spirit that can only be said to cooperate with the accumulation in the diet.Then it brings cohesiveness to the Chinese nation and then makes the human folk full of energy.Westerners think the food can make them feel full.therefore, eats large piece of meat;and Chinese cuisine is the “Taste” of it.Therefore, China is also showing great cooking in the random selected materials: many Westerners as something thrown away, are excellent raw materials in China, foreign chefs can not handle things the hands of a chef in China to can be miraculous.Demonstration of Chinese food in the materials used for the extensive arbitrary.West China is more than reasonable with emphasis on nutrition, there are more developed in the food industry, such as canned food, fast food, etc., although the taste is monotonous, but to save time, and good nutrition.Therefore, the body of their country than the Chinese people generally robust: tall, long legs, broad shoulders, muscular.The westerner thought that the cooked food is appeases hunger, therefore eats the bulk meat, the entire block chicken specially and so on “the hard vegetable”.But China‟s cooked food is “eats the taste”, therefore China cooks on the needed materials also appears the enormous capriciousness: Many westerners regard as abandons the things, in China is the extremely good raw material, the foreign chef is unable the thing which processes, as soon as arrives in the Chinese chef hand, may melt mysteriously decayed.Indicates the Chinese diet in needed materials aspectvastness capriciousness.Today people in the UK eat a more varied diet than ever before.As well as the regional diets of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland the many immigrant communities have introduced their cuisines to the previously unadventurous Britons: Chinese, Greek, Indian, Italian, Thai, American fast foods such as pizza, hamburgers and fried chicken have to some extent displaced the traditional fast food of fish and chips.Because of the climate and the Germanic origins of many of its early people, the UK has been a traditionally beer drinking rather than a wine drinking country.Nevertheless, in recent years, vineyards in the south of England have proved successful.In the west of England the traditional drink is cider, rather than beer.Over Britain as a whole, however, the traditional drink is tea.2.2 The difference in diet concept

The differences between Chinese and western diet cannot be ignored.Nobody will deny that the Western diet is a rational concept, regardless of the color of food, incense, flavor and shape, but nutrition must be assured.It cares about the intake of calories, vitamins, protein and so on during a day.Comparing with the Chinese diet, western diet tastes stereotyped, as simple as chewing the candle, but the sense tells them: We must eat them all because of the nutrition.And then they put it bluntly, just like refueling machine.The concept of western diet is compatible with the whole western philosophy.Metaphysics is the main feature of western philosophy.Such kind of philosophy brings vitality to western culture, so the natural sciences, psychology and methodology achieve a rapid development.In some other aspects, such philosophy proposition is a significantly obstacle, such as the dietary culture, which is the inevitable thing to drop behind, and just the metaphysics of methodology marks everywhere.In celebration, it stresses tableware, stresses the staple, stresses the servings, and stresses the color and shape mix of raw materials.But no matter how luxurious the grade is;from Los Angeles to New York, only one taste of steak, it is no art to speak of.And as dishes, the chicken is chicken;steak is steak, even in groups, which are also conducted in a shallow dish.In a dish of “French Muttonchops”, one side is potato mud, and muttonchops sits next to it, another side is allocation of cooking beans, and plus a few tablets of tomato.Color is on clear, but the tastes of the various materials are separated, not to reconcile, and the entire flavor is also simple and clear.Chinese diet is a sense of beauty diet.When people sample dishes, they often say this dish is “delicious”, and that dish is “not delicious”.But if you ask what is meant by “delicious”, why “tasty” and what are the aspects of “delicious”, I am afraid that it will be difficult to answer.This shows that which Chinese people hanker on a diet is just the “mood” that is difficult for one to say anything.Even using the “color, flavor, shape and implement “which people often said to make the” realm “reification, I am afraid it is still difficult to crown all.The beauty pursuit of Chinese cuisine is clearly overriding the rational pursuit.This concept of diet is also coinciding with the traditional Chinese philosophy.Chinese philosophy as a representative of oriental philosophy, its distinguishing features is the macro, visual, vague and evasive.Chinese cooking method is to reconcile, and the ultimate goal is to reconcile out of a beautiful taste.The main stress is measure and the overall co-ordination.It contains a wealth of dialectics of Chinese philosophy, and all these depend on the degree of the wonderful flavor and harmony of dish.The ever-changing within degrees decides the changeable of Chinese food, and it also decides the characteristics of Chinese food as well as the characteristics on each of the chefs.Chinese pay great attention to “the taste” of the food, while the Westerns has a kind of rational diet idea.No matter food color, smell and tastes, shape how, but the nutrition needs certainly to obtain the guarantee, is fastidious about one day to absorb how many quantity of heat, Vitamin, protein and so on.Even if the taste is stereotyped, must certainly eat, because has the nutrition.This diet idea is adapts with the Western entire philosophy system.Metaphysics is the Western philosophy main feature.The western philosophy studies the object principle of for the thing, principle of the thing often is the metaphysics principle, the metaphysics principle links up mutually, in constipation forming philosophy.This philosophy the culture brings the vitality for the West, caused it in the natural sciences, the psychology, the methodology to realize the development which progressed by leaps and bounds.But in another some aspects, this philosophy advocated that the big earth played the hindrance role, like diet culture.At the banquet, may be fastidious about the tableware, is fastidious about the needed materials, is fastidious about the service, is fastidious about raw material of the vegetable shape, color aspect matching;But no matter how luxurious upscale, from Los Angeles to New York, the beefsteak only then one kind of flavor, does not have art to be possible to say.As the cooked food, the chicken is the chicken, the beefsteak is a beefsteak, even if has matching, that is also carries on the plate, “the Buddhist ritual procedures mutton chop”, puts the mashed potatoes at the same time, side relies on the mutton chop, in addition matches at the same time boils the green beans, adds several piece of tomato then to become.In the color contrasts distinctively, but each raw material is mutually irrelevant in the taste, is well distributed, each is each taste, simple perspicuity.The Chinese is takes seriously “to eat” very much, “the food is what matters to the people” this proverb showed that we eat look equally and the day are important.Because our nationality for several thousand years are in the low productive forces level, the people always cannot eat to the full, therefore only will then have one kind uniquely to eat can regard in all diet culture, I thought that this will be probably stems from one kind of survival to need.If one culture eats regards as the most important matter, will then present two kind of phenomena: On the one hand will eat this kind the function will display the acme, not only maintenance survival, also will use its health maintenance, this will also be” uses medicines to build up one‟s health was inferior the food will make up”cultural base;On the other hand, to eats excessive takes seriously, will cause the human to esteem to the delicacy the pursue.In China‟s cookery, achieves the acme nearly to the delicacy pursue, down to makes a living the Chinese to the overseas, take the restaurant as industry, has become us the basis which settles down and gets on with life in the world!It is a pity, when we take the pursue delicacy the first request, we have actually neglected food most basic nutritional value, our many traditional food must pass through overheated fries in oil boils with the long time soft fire dumpling, causes the cooked food the nutrient content to receive the destruction, many nutrient contents lost in the processing process.Therefore as soon as speaks of the nutrition question, in fact touched the Chinese diet culture biggest weakness.The folk has a slang: “the food is what matters to the people, the food take the taste as first”.Is this kind to the delicacy the pursue, poured causes us to neglect the real sense which ate meal.The Chinese when tastes the cooked food, often will say that this TV dinner “delicious”, that vegetable “is not delicious”;However if further asked that anything calls “delicious”, why “delicious”, “delicious” in where, was not perhaps easy to talk clearly.This indicated that what Chinese to diet pursue is one kind explains “the ideal condition” with difficulty, even if is usually called “the color, smell and tastes with the people, the shape,” to come this kind “the boundary” the concrete application, perhaps was still very difficult to cover.the reason that the China diet has its unique charm, the key lies in its taste.But the delicacy production, lies in well distributed, must make food this taste, heats up the later ripe taste, in addition the ingredient and the supplementary material taste as well as the seasoning compromise the taste, interweaves the fusion coordinated in the same place, causes it to supplement mutually, the cooperation seepage, is in perfect harmony, in you have me, in me has you.The Chinese cooking is fastidious compromises the beauty, is the Chinese cooking art concise place.A vegetable shape and the color are the external things, but the taste is actually the intrinsic thing, heavy intrinsic, but decorates the semblance not desirably, but the heavy cooked food‟s taste exposes the cooked food not excessively the shape and the color, this is precisely the Chinese US diet view most important performance.In China, the diet beautiful pursue has crushed the rationality obviously, this kind of diet view and the Chinese tradition‟s philosophic thinking also tallies.As Eastern philosophy representative‟s Chinese philosophy, its outstanding feature is macroscopic, direct-viewing, is fuzzy and is evasive.The Chinese dish manufacture method is the well distributed large ding, is finally must compromise one happy taste.This is fastidious is a discretion, is the overall coordination.It has contained the Chinese philosophy rich diagnostic method thought that all take the vegetable taste happy, harmonized ever changing as, within had decided Chinese dish enriching and was rich in the change, has decided the Chinese dish vegetable department‟s characteristic and even each chef‟s characteristic.2.3 Differences in dietary patterns The Chinese and Western dietary patterns can be very different, and these differences affect the national character.In China, a celebration, no matter what, there will be only one form, as sitting together, sharing one feast.Banquet uses round table, which has created a unity of form, which is courtesy, comity atmosphere.Cate are in the center of the table.It is the objects for people to appreciate and taste, and it is also an intermediate of communication.People toast each other and share the vegetables, which reflect the mutual respect between people in the face of the good things, also show the virtues of comity.Although from the health point of view, this approach has obvious deficiencies, but it is in our national “happy” mentality, it reflects the classical Chinese philosophy area of “and” impact for future generations.It is helpful to facilitate the collective emotional exchanges and consequently difficult to reform.The western-style banquets, although the food and wine are very important, but in fact they are just foil.The core of Banquet is friendship, by the conversation with the guests who sitting next to achieve the purpose of recreation.If making an analogous compare between the recreation of the banquets and dancing, it may be said that the Chinese banquet is like group dance, and the western banquet is like men and women dancing.This shows that communication purpose of Chinese banquet and western banquet are very obvious.Only the Chinese banquet is more popular in the communion, but western banquet shows guests reflected in the friendship between neighbors.The more obvious differences between Chinese and western dietary patterns is buffet dinner which is popular in the West.This method is to display all food, and everybody is picking not fixed in his or her places to eat.They walk freely.This approach would provide the emotional interaction between individuals;they never need to put every word on the table.This also shows a western personality and self-respect.However, all the eating without jamming lacks the real affective tone like the Chinese people.Some people want to put the buffet in the Chinese food, but I think it is not feasible.Zhang Qijun in the Principles of Cooking tells us the main reason: “First, buffet is not like drinking tea.Drinking tea is just the thing to you before you choose, and displayed in the cafeteria there is a large number of food to eat, so when you want to have it, it is cold yet.Chinese cuisine will serve hot, if cold, nothing to eat.Secondly, buffet dishes only can do hard dishes and beneficial dishes.Then you can access for large plots.And those most representative of the Chinese culinary arts, such as the tender and lighter dishes, are not in this show.Third, the buffet can do stewing pot;it means a big pot in terms of food.Any sophisticated cooking of a dish can only be cooked in a pot at two most, and it is not able to cook the dish for dozens of people.So it will not be delicious, never talking of the taste.Under such circumstances, it is clear that the use of buffet dinner will deny Chinese culinary arts.“The Chinese people are drinking around the table to show harmony and unity, but the buffet has broken such pattern.It raises the personal independence and self-mentioned at the first place.This is the opposite of the scale of the great unity of all Chinese traditional culture.2.4 The different utensils and etiquette

2.4.1 Cutlery to use

Chopsticks and knife and fork is the basic difference between Chinese and Western table manners.Zhejiang University, Professor Yu Xiu ling: East and West appear chopsticks and knife and fork eating the different tools and environment relationship.Bamboo chopsticks to have originated in the place.Northern China

wood, bamboo from southern China, ancestors from local materials, bamboo and wood have become the most primitive materials chopsticks chopsticks.The

emergence of a knife and fork than chopsticks much later.According to research by Professor Yu Xiu Ling, the original knife and fork and European origin living in ancient nomadic habits, they immediately carry knives of life, often cooked the meat, cut off to eat.About 15 centuries before and after the meal in order to improve posture, Europeans used the double-pointed cross.To the 18th century only the tip of a fork with four forks.Knife and fork and chopsticks, not only brought different eating habits, also affected the Eastern and Western concepts in life.Professor Yu Xiu Ling, eating into the system will inevitably bring a knife and fork, and chopsticks sitting around the table with family members must dine match.Beginning point of Western food, which derived from the West pay attention to independent, children grow up into the world after the independence of ideas and habits.The chopsticks brought together meals daily, highlighting the young and old sat together in the family unit, so that Asians have a relatively strong family values.When I reminded in the use of Chinese and Western dishes have different specifications.If not play with chopsticks when eating Chinese food(to them when the drumstick is a very rude way), but can not use chopsticks pointing to the person or make gestures.Of course, absolutely can not suck or the chopsticks chopsticks inserted in the rice, which is taboo(which seems to funeral incense is considered unlucky.)When using the knife and fork there are some taboos.Such as holding a knife and fork when not meddling.To speak or talk, knife and fork on the plate should only decency.Avoid using their own utensils for others bowl.Do not bend over picking up utensils fall.Do not cut off a good meal products, especially products with a soup meal, to eat a piece-by-all and more.2.4.2 Seating arrangements Western formal banquets are particular about the seating arrangements.Traditional Chinese dinner with square table.Door is on both sides of the partial blocks.Treat, the elderly, people with high status of the guest of honor sit or seat, men and women who sat down the owner or Peiqia Block, and the remaining customers in order to sit side seat.Westerners treat with a long table, men and women sit in the owner at both ends, then the guest of honor men and women and the general order of the guests seating arrangements, that men and women interspersed arrangement, subject to seat the hostess, the guest of honor sitting in the top right of the hostess, Main Binfu the top right of man of the house to sit, pay attention to “ladies first” Western gentleman, will show the attentions of the ladies.In China, respect for the left and right for the times;on respect, under second;in respect, partial for the times.In the West, respect for the right, left for the times.I particularly Western seat etiquette tips: The most graceful way is seated from the left seat.Do not put your elbows on the desktop, not Rocker foot.Can not withdraw in the middle of the meal(if things do need to leave should be whispered about greeting guests.)Dinner, sit up straight, back straight, neck elongation.Depend on the upper arm and back to back, abdomen, and a table for about a fist distance.Remember to head high with food, in the face of the food into the mouth, it is necessary to the food to the mouth to mouth opinions on the food rather than bent.2.4.3 Dining atmosphere Trouble on the table of Chinese and Western food on the table is static and the most fundamental difference between Chinese and Western table manners.Table climate differences, the Chinese table action, the Western table static.Chinese food for life to matter to music, show and great, the atmosphere of excitement is often breathtaking.Chinese people get a table, then in full flight, with each other for food, drinks upon, enjoy, delicacies, delicious cuisine.Banquet this way in order to reflect the enthusiasm and sincerity the owner, the table reflects the excitement of patrons from the heart‟s delight.This “trouble” to some extent reflects the Chinese family from the warm, neighborhood harmony, unity and people‟s “Harmony.” Westerners have a table to sit quietly dedicated to cutting their own dinner.Soup can not make noise, such as hot soup can be cooled before eating, do not blow through your mouth.Shut up when eating chewing.Do not lick their lips or smack sound.Guests can dine and talk about, but not only with a few acquaintances talk.If guests do not know about, they may first introduce myself.Others can not take the mouth interrupted his speech.Keep the volume level of the other party can hear.Chewing of food do not speak, even if someone speak to you, have to wait to answer after swallowing.2.5 Differences in diet attribution There are differences between Chinese and western diet attribution.Western diet tends to be scientific and rational, but the Chinese diet tends to be art and sentimental.During the underdevelopment era of diet, these two trends have only one aim – to live and never be hungry.And when the dietary culture is full developed, the tendency is shown in this different purpose: the former is in the development of nutrition, the latter is expressed as the stress on the flavor.Cooking is from diet;the origin of food is a life-sustaining nutrition.Therefore, the focus of western diet is only the extension of the original diet practicality.The emphasis on the flavor of Chinese cuisine caters the diet to the arts field.Mencius said: “Flavor in the mouth has the same interests”.“Interests” points out the key from nutrition to arts.Such interests are from the meaning of flavor.In China, eating is not meant to have enough.It is about nutrition.Sometimes we eat though we are full.We are overloaded with food.Why? Saying bluntly, it is to appreciate the art of cooking;and not saying it nicely, it is the temptation of “delicious” for the enjoyment of taste.Watching the rational diet in the west, it is not only waste, but also harmful to the men body.In fact, the herbalist doctors are also opposed to overeat, claiming “dietary restraint”.But the dialectics tell us Chinese people, occasionally the “overload” and once we are comfortable, we can absorb and store.Qigong masters at the situation of non-eat and non-drink at home is still in good spirits, although their weight loses, but it is intact on the human body;and it is the consumption of such storage.Herbalist doctor also advocates winter nutrition.It is also in order to store for keeping energy in the coming year.Chinese people‟s views are more dialectical than the western diet propositions opposing overloaded stubbornly.It is closer to the science truth, and has been checked up for thousands of Chinese medicine practice.Psychologists Spinoza said: “The desire is human nature than other.” The human desire for delicious is the nature of human beings which is fully reflected.In process of the taste enjoyment, it is imbued with the shares of élan vital.Life should not be a yoke, but also not be a repressed desire.We can not use the absolute reason to regulate the behavior of all people.On the diet, it is not the purpose of “science” and “nutrition” and some delicious are excluded from the table outside.Only delicious things can satisfy people‟s appetite and then give the arrival of physical and mental pleasure.Chinese diet shows the transformation about sentimental form to rational form from the old days till now, and cause the Chinese dietary culture brimming with imagination and creativity.The sensibility of Chinese culinary culture is a sublime sensibility, infiltrating rational sense, also the realization of the nature of life.In addition, gustatory enjoyment is one of the main objectives pursued of the human struggle.The art of Chinese cuisine is compatible with the development of human history in the process, more scientific than the progress of the western diet.As Zhang Qijun in his work Cooking Principles said: “The United States is unprecedented least affluent society, but till today, in essence it is still „food to eat‟ stage.There are still some distances from entering the realm of art.” In China, The role of diet goes beyond the subsistence of existence, which is designed not only to have the physical presence, but also to meet people‟s spiritual needs for pleasure.It is positive to enrich people‟s life performance, and fine arts, music, literature, etc.which have the same level of significance to the improvement of life.Chinese diet tends to artistry, the so-called art realm.In fact, that is a complete leap from the necessity to freedom.It is characterized by randomness.For example, similar dishes, because of the differences in area, season, target, function and grade, it has different treatments on operation.Set braised fish for example, in winter deep colors are advised and tastes are advised strongly, but in summer it should be light color and flavor.And for the people in Zhejiang province, their dishes can be put up more sugar in the braised fish, and if facing Chuanxiang customers it should allocate spicy.It easy to see that if out of the arbitrary, there would be no cooking variety;we will lose the unique charm of Chinese cuisine.Whereas in the west, dishes in different areas and different seasons and facing different customers, is the same flavor, no changes.Although it is the most valuable banquet, which is just tableware known, conducted layout, and the vegetables remain the same as before.Moreover, as for materials, westerners think the food is to eat, eating special “hard vegetables” such as large piece of meat, chicken block.China‟s cuisine is “taste”.The Chinese cooking in materials has shown tremendous arbitrariness: The things which many, many westerners consider as disposable things in China are excellent raw materials.Foreign cooks are not able to deal with things, but in the hands of a Chinese chef, it can get a magic result.Chinese cuisine is evident in the wide use of materials.Besides skills, an excellent cook, of course, can do more complicated dishes.But facing the real simple materials and condiments, the cooks are often able to produce delicious flavors.It is the arbitrariness of skills.In the surface, the menu seems to be scientific.Westerners always use menu to buy ingredients to produce dishes, but in comparison, it is the machinery, and often powerless facing the complex specific situation.Of course, this mechanical science is still can be said as science, but it is primitive science, and it is not the complete science.Chinese cooking talks about artistry, but it still fit the requirements among the ever-changing, it can be said such science is a real science.The characters of western food which lacks nutrition and artistic atmosphere have great distinction from the artistic realm of Chinese cuisine.3.Nature of the differences between Chinese and Western food

Differences in the nature of the Chinese and western diet are inosculated with the respective lifestyle and the pace of life.In the west, people do the duplication of pipeline operations, and implement piece-wage system, so the paces of their lives are so fast.People fall under the mechanical method either intentionally or unintentionally, and believe that “Work is work, and game is game.” Mechanical lives led to oneness of diet or a single blind about diet, and eat beefsteak and potatoes every day.Monotonous diet is the same as work, for which the purposes is to fulfill the “incident”, naturally with no interests, and all these have no word in terms of taste.But China is not, “The game is work, and the work is of a game”.Such life manner is also emerged in diet.A baker sells bread in the street, he likes using the rolling pole to beat the chopping board rhythmically when they knead flour.When the cooks fry a dish, even beating scoop, they also care the sense of rhythm during cooking.These would not work for any conveniences, but it increases the interests of workers.Only in such an atmosphere work will be meaningful, and it will have more creativity and artistry of Chinese cuisine.There still exist various differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures.But with the development of cultural communication between China and the west, along with the strengthening of communication between China and the west, China has imported various kinds of western food, known as the “KFC” “DICOS”, “McDonald”.This marks a new western dietary culture exchanges and infiltration.We believe that with the development of society, the cultural differences between Chinese and western dietary will no longer be the difference.4.Conclusion

Diet is absolutely necessary in the life of mankind, and even in the existence or development.Because of the differences between Chinese and western cultural traditions, the Chinese and western dietary cultures are different in concept, target, pattern, attribution and nature.We study these differences and then find out the points that can be digested, in order to facilitate the communication about cultures between China and the west.Western culture(in particular, modern American culture)can be said to be male and female culture.But the Chinese culture can be said to be a dietary culture.“As the reason of the cultural traditions, the western lives tend to men and women , Chinese people are dumping guidance on life in the restaurants.Thus the diet is rich in culture.Food culture in the west is not developed enough, but this underdevelopment itself is the result of the development of a culture, so it is still significant to study the dietary cultures of Chinese and Western diet.By the analysis of the differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures, we can comprehend the respective cultural traditions of China and the west.And we can also improve and create the culture of China.In short, analyzing and researching in the Western diet and cultural differences has a very important significance in Chinese food culture.It is not only in understanding the purpose of this fact in itself, but also it is more importantly and useful to guide our practice, based on the awareness-raising, improve food structure, get rid of food abuse, improve the food quality and guarantee people‟s needs, in this kind of way to promote Chinese dining culture.By the text from this thesis, we can easily find that there still exist various differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures.But with the development of cultural communication between China and the west, along with the strengthening of communication between China and the west, China has imported various kinds of western food, known as the “KFC” “DICOS”, “McDonald”.These mark a new western food culture exchanges and infiltration.The impact brought about by economic globalization is stronger and deeper than the internationalization.Economic globalization is a double-edged sword, on one hand, it brings the vitality of economic growth, and on the other hand, the dominant culture is put into other countries through strong economic and infiltrated every corner of the globe.Therefore, the cultural communication focus on how to assimilate advantages of the other countries‟ culture, abandon its shortcoming, and learn how to transform and make it localized, all countries need to study the issue.So in the face of the dietary cultural exchange problems between China and the West, we should find each other‟s advantages and draw the mutual advantages, as China can learn from the point that western diet stresses nutrition match, and make the Chinese cuisine more outstanding.China is a country with an ancient culture and is rich in cultural traditions.She feeds the 1.3 billion Chinese people, and Chinese culture is very inclusive;in the course of development it absorbs a lot of different cultures.Moreover, now China does more efforts to draw all the outstanding achievements in the World.China‟s reform and opening up policy create the conditions on international relations and cultural exchanges.We need to use such an opportunity to absorb the excellent cultures from other countries, to develop and create China‟s new culture.Acknowledgements

My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Miss Tu Huiqin, my supervisors, for her constant encouragement and guidance.I would not have survived all work without the constant support that she gave me.She has walked with me through the first stage of writing this paper.Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this paper would not have reached its present form.I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to all my teachers at the English Department.Thanks to their instructive guidance and comprehensive education during the four year‟s college life, I can acquire the opportunity to further study my English.References

[1] Hall, E.T.Beyond Culture [M].New York: Anchor Book, 1989.[2] Yu zhi yuan.English-Speaking Countries: A Survey [M].Beijing：Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2005.[3] Bourdain, Anthony.A Cook’s Tour [M].London: Bloomsbury, 2002.[4] Neuliep, J.W.Intercultural Communication: A Context Approach [M].Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000.[5] Prosser.The Cultural Dialogue: An Introduction to Intercultural Communication [M].Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978.[6] 金炳镐.民族理论通论[M].北京:中央民族大学出版社.1994.[7] 徐先玲,李祖状.中国饮食文化[M].北京：中国戏剧出版社.2005.[8] 殷珍泉.礼仪有学问[M].北京：北京台海出版社.2002.[9] 张起钧.烹饪原理[M].北京: 中国轻工业出版社.2000.[10] 安静.解读美国[M].北京：中国旅游出版社.2007.[11] 陈洁.得心应手---西餐礼仪[M].北京：世界知识出版社.2005.[12] 刘枋.吃的艺术[M].山东:山东画报出版社.2003．

[13] 刘玫君.陈加真.出国点菜不求人---别人不会告诉你的旅行智慧[M].北京:中国旅游出版社.2005.[14] 马文.哈里斯.好吃:食物与文化之迷[M].山东:山东画报出版社.2001.[15] 苏珊.罗德里格.亨特.巴黎:一席浮动的豪宴[M].北京:生活.读书.新知三联书店,2004.[16] 唐鲁孙.天下味[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社.2004.[17] 张志伟.欧阳谦.西方哲学智慧[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社.2000.[18] 萧家成.升华的魅力---中华民族酒文化[M].北京:华龄出版社.2007.[19] 向世陵.中国哲学智慧[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社.2000.[20] 张茗阳.食物改变你的一生[M].上海:学林出版社.2003.