Web前端开发培训中es5与es6语法知识点总结 时间:2019-05-12 15:20:44 收藏本文下载本文作者:会员上传 简介:写写帮文库小编为你整理了多篇相关的《Web前端开发培训中es5与es6语法知识点总结》,但愿对你工作学习有帮助,当然你在写写帮文库还可以找到更多《Web前端开发培训中es5与es6语法知识点总结》。 第一篇:Web前端开发培训中es5与es6语法知识点总结 Web前端开发培训中es5与es6语法知识点总结(百读易莱胜)热点:web前端开发培训百读易莱胜官网前端开发易莱胜官网#es6的写法:1.利用import...form....代替require()方式一:导入一个js模块并且要接收一个对象require写法: var calc = require(“ calc.js ”)import写法: import calc form “calc.js”方式二: 导入一个css文件,不接收对象require写法: require(“site.css”)import写法:import “site.css”2.对象的写法导出一个模块对象es5的写法:module.exports = {add:add,substrict:substrict}导出一个模块对象es6的写法:module.exports = {add,substrict}注意:这种写法必须是属性名和属性值变量是同一个,否则要分开写module.exports = {addFn:add,substrict}一个对象中方法的写法导出一个模块对象es5的写法:module.exports = {addFun:function(x,y){return x+ y;}}导出一个模块对象es6的写法:module.exports = {addFun(x,y){return x+ y;}} 导出对象的写法 function add(){} function substrict(){} 方法一es5导出写法:module.exports.add = add;module.exports.substrict = substrict;导入写法:var calc = require(“./calc.js”);es6导出写法:export function add(){} export function substrict(){} 方法二es5导出写法:module.exports = { add:add, substrict:substrict} es6导出写法: export default{add,substrict }es6导入写法//表示取得calc.js中所有显示出来的对象 import calc from “./calc.js”//只获取到calc.js中的add方法(按需获取)import {add} from ”./calc.js"第二篇:web前端开发知识点总结HTML知识总结span行级元素,多个同行块级元素,独占一行块级元素,前后保留一行标题标签,h1~h6表6个等级,加粗,前后保留一行width:设置宽度height:设置高度alt:图片加载失败显示的文本div文本类ph图片标签imgcolor:颜色水平线常用标签hrsize:高度(粗细)width:宽度(长度)herf:超链接转到的地址超链接atarget_self:默认值,在当前页面打开_blank:在新窗口打开带标题的框fieldsetlegend设置标题disc:实心圆无序列表列表标签有序列表ulsquare:小方块olcircle:空心圆tr表示行th表示标题单元格,居中、加粗td表格标签caption表示一个单元格表示标题,定义在第一行,居中rowspan设置单元格占的行数colspan设置单元格占的列数action表单提交地址get:显示提交参数,将参数用?和&拼接到url上带到服务器端methodpost:隐式提交参数optgroup 表示分组,分组不能选,只能选分组中的option下拉菜单selected默认选中multiple 设置下拉菜单为多选模式表单项rows: 显示文本的行数(高度)文本域cols: 显示文本的列数(宽度)name:参数名size:显示字符长度(控制文本框长度)maxlength:最大可输入字符数input文本框type=“text”placeholder:提示内容disabled:不会被提交到服务器readonly:只读(会被提交到服务器)value:默认值密码框type=“password”单选按钮type=“radio”复选框type=“checkbox”文件选择框type=“file”按钮type=“button”提交type=“submit”checked:默认选中input按钮重置type=“reset”noresize:不能改变框架大小frame:表示框架scolling:是否显示滚动条(yes、no、auto)设置框架集在纵向上的拆分策略设置框架集在横向上的拆分策略rowscolsborder框架集框架边框的宽度borderColor框架边框颜色frameBorder设置框架是否有边框(yes|no)_blank:新窗口中打开_self:在当前窗口打开框架集中的超链接打开方式target_parent:父窗口中打开_top在最顶层窗口中打开frameName:在对应name框架打开ifame在页面中嵌入框架dl、dt、dd其他标签数码 手机 marquee:滚动标签shape=“circle”coords=“309,257,20”target=“_blank”href=“http://5新标签number:数字输入date picker:日期选择datalist:自动提示sichuanchongqingguangzhoushanghaibeijingtianjinvideo:动画媒体radio:音频autocomplete:是否关闭自动提示(off |on)html5新标签autofocus: 自动获得焦点required: 表示控件必须输入内容controls : 播放控制条autoplay :自动播放loop :循环播放preload :预加载,如果设置了autoplay,就可以不用设置preloadCSS知识点总结内联:直接在标签的style属性上编写样式样式定义方式样式块:在style标签中编写样式块,并通过一定规则(选择器)应用到对应的那些标签上(通常写在head中)外部样式文件:将样式块编写在外部的css文件中(不用写style标签)* 在需要使用样式的页面通过link标签引入样式文件(通常写在head中)id选择器#xxx 针对id为xxx的标签类选择器.xxx 针对class属性为xxx的标签标签选择xxx 针对标签名为xxx的标签*选择器选择所有元素选择器后代元素关系选择selector1 selector2 {...} 针对selector1下的所有的selector2子元素关系选择selector1 > selector2 {...} 只针对selector1的selector2子元素(如果有后代selector2元素则不会应用)紧邻兄弟关系选择selector1 + selector2 {...} 只针对紧接在selector1后的selector2元素所有随后的兄弟关系selector1 ~ selector2 {...} 针对selector1后的所有的selector2兄弟元素color:字体颜色font-size:字体大小font-family:字体样式字体font-weight: bolder(加粗)| normal(不加粗)font-style: 设置字体倾斜(normal | italic | oblique)*italic和oblique实际显示效果几乎一致font-variant: 设置字体显示为小型大写字母text-align: 水平对齐方式(left | center | right)常用属性vertical-align: 垂直对齐方式(top | middle |bottom)line-height: 设置行高(通常用于设置文本居中)white-space: nowrap 不换行, pre 当做pre标签border: 边框(1px solidred)文本width: 宽度underline 下划线height: 高度overline 上划线text-decoration: 文本装饰line-through 贯穿线(删除线)blink 闪烁none 无dtext-shadow: 3px 3px 5px red;第一个参数: 阴影水平位置(x轴上的偏移量)text-shadow: 文本阴影第二个参数: 阴影垂直位置(y轴上的偏移量)第三个参数: 模糊程度第四个参数: 阴影颜色padding:内边距padding: xxpx;padding: xxpx xxpx;padding: xxpx xxpx xxpx;padding: xxpx xxpx xxpx xxpx;padding: auto;padding: xxpx auto;padding-toppadding-leftpadding-rightpadding-bottom盒子模型margin:外边距margin: xxpx;margin: xxpx xxpx;margin: xxpx xxpx xxpx;margin: xxpx xxpx xxpx xxpx;margin: auto;margin: xxpx auto;margin-topmargin-leftmargin-rightmargin-bottomborder:边框color:颜色;width:宽度;style:outset|inset|solid|double|dottedborder-radius: 10px;/* 同时设置4个角*/background-color: 背景颜色background-image: 背景图片background-repeat: no-repeat | repeat-x |repeat-y | repeat背景background-position: xxxpx xxpx | xx%xx%;(可以为负数)background-size: xxxpx xxpx | xx% xx% |cover | contain;(不能为负数)cover: 拉伸,可以超出contain: 拉伸不能超出background-attachment: scroll(随着内容一起滚动)| fixed(不滚动)hidden:隐藏scroll:滚动overflow:当内容溢出时的处理方式visible:直接显示auto:如果溢出就滚动,否则不显示滚动条visible 显示visibility:设置元素是否显示hidden 隐藏,保留占位none:隐藏,不保留占位block:设置为块级元素display:设置元素是否显示inline:设置为行级元素布局inline-block:设置为行内块元素left 左浮动float: 浮动right 右浮动none 不浮动left 不允许左边有浮动clear: 清除浮动right 不允许右边有浮动both 不允许两边有浮动ul或ol 自带样式:列表样式list-style-type: 列表项的样式margin: 16px 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px40px;absolute:如果有父元素被定位按照父元素的原点进行定位,否则按照浏览器原点进行定位position定位z-index: 设置z轴的值,越大越在最前relative:相对定位参照元素本身的位置fixed:固定位置,不会滚动link 超链接默认样式hover 鼠标悬停样式active 鼠标点击样式visited 访问之后的样式(主要控制颜色)伪类focus 获得输入焦点的样式first-child 第一个元素last-child 最后一个元素:not 不包含指定的选择器:noly-child 是父元素的唯一子元素cursor 鼠标样式其他样式box-shadow 阴影translate:平移rotate:旋转transform:变换scale:缩放skew:扭曲matrix:以变换矩阵变换第一个值表示需要过渡的样式属性transition 过渡transition:transform2s,background-color.5s;第二个值表示整个过渡过程需要的时间第三个值表示过渡时的贝塞尔曲线第四个值表示延迟多久才开始过渡animation 动画@keyfarmes 关键帧用于定义动画的细节(每一帧如何显示)@keyframes myanimation {0% { background-color: #cfc;}30% {background-color: #ccf;border-radius: 50px;}80% {width: 300px;background-color: #fcc;}100% {width: 300px;height: 300px;background-color: #000;}}@-o-keyframes myanimation {}@-ms-keyframes myanimation {}@-moz-keyframes myanimation {}@-webkit-keyframes myanimation {}需要显示动画的地方通过animation属性来使用声明的关键帧.ac:active {animation: myanimation 5s;-o-animation: myanimation 5s;-ms-animation: myanimation 5s;-moz-animation: myanimation 5s;-webkit-animation: myanimation 5s;}opacity透明度从0.0 ~ 1.0 0.0完全透明,1.0 完全不透明浏览器兼容前缀-webkit-chrome,safari, opera-o-opera-moz-firefox-ms-ie(ie9以上)JavaScriptjavascript代码必须包含在标签中也可以书写到外部的.js文件中,通过来引入script标签只能同时做一件事情.如果既有src属性也包含代码则只会执行外部文件的代码通过alert来弹出提示框通过document.write来输入文本到页面上(可以输入标签)Number: 数值型整数和小数Boolean: 布尔型(true |false)String: 字符串字符串必须被”“或''包含必须对称如果字符串中包含引号可以单引号中包含双引号或者是双引号中包含单引号也可以使用'来表示一个单引号”来表示一个双引号n 表示换行数据类型t 表示制表符表示书写方式NaN: Not A Number 当使用非数字来进行运算时的值undefied: 未定义null: 空值substring 截取子串, 从start到end-1处,如果没指定end则取到最后一个字符toUpperCase 将所有字符变成大写toLowerCase 将所有字符变成小写indexOf 查找子串首次出现的位置, 如果找不到则返回-1字符串处理lastIndexOf 查找子串最后一次出现的位置, 如果找不到则返回-1charAt 取指定位置上的字符slice 也是取子串,效果和substring一样可以用-1,-2,-3...从末尾开始计数split 将字符串按照指定的字符进行拆分成为数组获取当前时间var now = new Date()获取指定时间的日期对象var date = new Date(yyyy,MM,dd,HH,mm,ss)设置指定时间(将时间对象设置为一个指定时间)now.setFullYear(yyyy,MM,dd,HH,mm,ss)now.setMonth日期Datenow.setDatenow.setHours...获取指定时间信息now.getFullYear()// 年只能取出年份,如: 2015now.getMonth // 月0-11月now.getDate // 日now.getDay // 星期0-6(0表示星期天)now.getHours // 时24小时制now.getMinutes // 分now.getSeconds // 秒now.getMilliseconds// 毫秒通过new Array()来创建数组var names = new Array();var names = new Array(“小王”, “大王”, “炸弹”);// 创建时给数组设置默认值//用json格式表示数组var names = [];var names = [“小王”, “大王”, “炸弹”];数组Array可以通过length来设置或获取数组的长度push : 往数组末尾添加元素pop: 删除并返回数组的最后一个元素unshift: 往数组的开头添加元素shift: 删除并返回数组的第一个元素reverse: 颠倒数组顺序sort: 按“字符串”的自然排序规则进行升序splice: 删除指定位置处的指定个数元素并将第三个参数之后的参数添加到被删除位置(设置第二个参数为0则实现只添加不删除, 之传入两个参数实现只删除不添加)slice: 获取start到end处的子数组join: 将数组元素以指定分隔符进行连接成为字符串function xxx(....){声明函数....}var xxx = function(...){...函数变量}var ooo = xxx;ooo();函数function fn(fx){fx();将函数作为参数}fn(function(){...});(function(...){立即执行函数....})(...);getElementById 根据id获取唯一的元素var xx = document.getElementById(“xx”);DOM(Document Object Model)文档对象模型获取元素getElementsByTagName 根据标签名获取元素数组onclick 鼠标点击事件getElementsByClassName 根据类获取元素数组(如果元素被改变了class值将会从数组中删除)onmouseover 鼠标进入事件onmouseout 鼠标离开事件onmousemove 鼠标被移动onmousedown 鼠标按钮被按下事件机制onmouseup 鼠标按钮被松开onkeydown 某个键盘按键被按下onkeyup某个键盘按键被松开onload 一张页面或图像被完成加载onchange 域的内容被改变onfocus 元素获得焦点onblur 元素失去焦点setTimeout: 延迟执行(只会执行一次)var xx = setTimeout(xxx, 1000);setTimeout(“fn();”, 3000);BOM(Browser Object Model)window清除使用clearTimeout(xx);setInterval: 定时执行(间隔指定时间循环执行)xx.offsetLeft获取元素的位置和尺寸(只读)xx.offsetTopxx.offsetWidthxx.offsetHeightvar xx = setInterval(xxx,1000);清除使用clearInterval(xx);[] 表示[]中的字符任意取一个在[] 中的^ 表示非不包含该字符()表示将多个表达式合并为一个表达式在()中的|表示将两个匹配条件进行逻辑“或”(Or)运算。+ 前一个表达式出现至少一次1~n {1,}* 前一个表达式出现任意次0~n {0,}? 前一个表达式出现0~1次{0,1}{n} 前一个表达式出现n次{n,} 前一个表达式出现至少n次{n,m} 前一个表达式出现n~m次.任意字符(不包含rn)正则表达式^ 匹配字符串的开头$ 匹配字符串的结尾w 表示一个任意的单词字符包括_ [a-zA-Z0-9_] * 不包含破折号W 对w取反(不包含单词字符)[^a-zA-Z0-9_]d 表示一个数字字符[0-9]D 对d取反[^0-9]s 表示一个任意空白字符空格中文状态的空格制表符全角空格S 对s取反非空格n 换行符b 单词边界B 不是单词边界(对b取反)eval执行字符串形式的代码。for(var i in array){var item = array[i];}for(var key in obj){var value = obj[key];}迭代数组迭代出的值为数组的下标for...in迭代对象迭代出的值为对象的属性名其他with设置以某个对象为代码块作用域对象delete attribute删除属性isNaN如果被判断值不是一个数字则返回true,否则为false第三篇:前端开发中一些常用技巧总结前端开发中一些常用技巧总结自己前端开发中常用到的一些技巧及问题解决方法,会常更新,希望对前端路上的朋友有帮助.1.文章标题列表中日期居右显示的两种方法,方法A相对方法B省资源,但比方法B要多写两句代码,使用时请视情况而定: 方法A(经典论坛ariesjia提供的思路.感谢~): @Mr.Think这是文章标题2010-10-10 然后定义p和span的样式: p{position:relative}p span{position:absolute;right:0} 方法B: 2010-10-10@Mr.Think这是文章标题 然后定义span右浮动: p span{float:right}其实这两种方法可以延伸到很多情况下,很实用的一种写法;2.web标准中,同一页面中只能有一个h1标签.很多人知道这个概念,但做到的却很少;3.空白外边距互相叠加的问题:一般通过添加透明边框或者1px的内边距避免.详细解读:http://mrthink.net/css-margin-overlying-way/;4.ie6下max/min-width/height实现,_width: expression(this.width >600 ? “600px” : true);,height同理.5.html/class/id,最好统一以小写书写,这样更严谨(符合xhtml标准);6.不推荐用下面代码兼容IE8: 如果是非短期性页面,尽量避免使用,页面应尽可能保证向后兼容.更多兼容方法请详细阅读: http://mrthink.net/cssandhtml-hack-mainbrower/7.空div在IE(FF中没有)是有默认高度的,可以用定义:div { witdh:100%;background:#9c0;font-size:0}的方式去掉默认高度;8.在使用table标签时应该尽可能的利用它本身的属性,最大限度的分离结构与样式.详细解读:http://mrthink.net/csshtml-colgroup-col-style/;9.充分利用表单中label标签提升用户体验;这一点对于页面中那些小的选项框,以及对残障人士阅读网站都有好处.细节是用户体验的第一步;10.fieldset, legend标签, 鲜为人知,却很实用的一组标签;它可以很明了的把一组元素框起来,主要用于表单;11.optgroup标签,鲜为人知,它对提升选择表单用户体验很有帮助.作用? 就是可以在有很多选项时,对这些选项分组: one select two select three select four select 效果演示:12.表单都要加name值,name值是一个标示,不同于id,据我所发现,若是未定义name值,非IE浏览器下是无法通过document.formid获取到表单元素的.请看如下代码及注释: ......第四篇:英语知识点与语法总结英语知识点与语法总结 必修1 核心单词 1.add vt.& vi.增加;加;加起来;补充说; 又说 常用结构:add to增添;增加;增进add...to...把……增添到…… add up合计,相加add up to总数为;总计为He added some wood to increase the fire.他添了一些木柴,使火更旺些。If you add 4 to 3 you get 7.四加三得七。Unit 1 Friendship Page No.11 Page No.12 ①解析:选C。考查动词辨析。句意为:我要说的就是这些,约翰你还有什么要补充的吗? ②解析:选D。add to的意思是―添加到‖。2.upset adj.心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的vt.(upset, upset)使不安;使心烦;打翻;打乱 联想拓展be upset by...被…… 打乱upset oneself about sth.为某事烦恼Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit.她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。Don‘t upset yourself — no harm has been done.不要难过——并没有造成任何伤害。He was horribly upset over her illness.他为她的病而忧心忡忡。The students really upset her.学生们着实让她烦恼。高手过招用upset的适当形式填空(原创)①The foodmy stomach.②She felt ratheron hearing the news.③Is it anmessage? ④Don‘t be.It will be OK.①upset ②upset ③upsetting ④upset 3.ignore vt.不理睬;忽视I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely.我向她打招呼,可是她根本不理我。He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast.他不顾时速限制,把车开得飞快。联想拓展ignorant adj.(对某事物)不了解的;无知的;无学识的 be ignorant of/about sth.不知道;没有意识到 ignorance n.无知;愚昧;不知道be in ignorance of/about sth.不知道某事易混辨析ignore/neglect/overlook ignore 通常指有意不顾,或不理会显而易见的事物。neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视,也可指粗心与疏忽。overlook指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。高手过招(1)用ignore/neglect/overlook的适当形式填空(原创)①We could not afford tosuch a serious offence.②He utterlymy warnings and met with an accident.③Don‘tto pay him a visit now and then.(1)①overlook ②ignored ③neglect(2)单项填空—So you didn‘t say hello to him last night?—Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but heme and walked on.模)A.IgnoredB.refusedC.deniedD.missed Page No.15(2)解析:选A。答句句意为:我看到他就停下来冲他微笑,但是 他没理我就走了。ignore不理睬,忽视;refuse拒绝;deny否认,拒绝给予;miss怀念,错过。4.concern n.[U]关心,担心,担忧;[C]有利害关系的事vt.涉及,关系到,参与;使担心 联想拓展concerningprep.关于concernedadj.有关的;担心的 concern sb.与某人有关be concerned with sth.牵涉,与……有关;参与 concern oneself with 关心be concerned about/for/over sth.担心;关心某事as/so far as...be concerned关于;至于;就……而言 As far as I am concerned, you can go wherever you want.就我而言,你什么时候走都行。We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.我们读了关于天外来客的故事。I was very concerned about my mother‘s illness.我很担心母亲的病情。2010·杭州一(高手过招(1)单项填空The meeting was concernedreforms and everyone present was concernedtheir own interests.(2010·福建厦门双十中学检测)A.with;for B.for;which C.for;aboutD.about;with(2)用concern的适当形式填空(原创)①There is an article thatthe rise of the prices.②The children are ratherabout their mother‘s health.③Officials shouldthemselvespublic affairs.(1)解析:选A。句意为:这次会议牵涉到改革,在场的每个人都很担心自己的利益。be concerned with 牵涉到,和……有关;be concerned for/about担心;关心。(2)①concerns ②concerned ③concern;with 5.settle vi.安家;定居;停留 vt.使定居;安排;解决Both wanted to settle their scores.双方都愿意尽弃前嫌。常用结构:settle down 镇定下来 settle in 在……定居He settled his child in a corner of the compartment.他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。Page No.18 高手过招 单项填空 ①—Do you know anyone in Paris? —No.I‘ll make friends once.(2010·福建厦门六中检测)A.I‘m settledB.I have settled C.I‘ll be settledD.I‘m settling ②The brake of your bicycle has come loose.You‘d better it.(2010·陕西西安交大附中)A.settleB.fix C.pickD.correct ①解析:选A。settle作―安家‖讲时,既可用settle,也可用be settled。本题是由once(一旦)引起的时间状语从句,故用一般现在时表将来。②解析:选B。由句意可知,因为自行车的车闸坏了,因此要―修理‖。Page No.19 6.suffer vt.遭受;忍受;蒙受vi.后接from/for意为―受……之苦‖,―患……疾病‖ 常用结构:suffer an attack/a defeat/losses/pains 遭受打击/失败/损失/痛苦 He suffered hard pains from the accident.他忍受着事故带来的痛苦。Do you suffer from headaches? 你经常头痛吗?She‘s suffering from loss of memory.她患有遗忘症。联想拓展sufferer n.受苦者,受难者 suffering n.痛苦,苦难Page No.20 高手过招(1)单项填空In the countryside there are many dropouts(辍学者).I think the poor economic conditions.(2010·浙江嘉兴一轮检测)A.lies inB.result in C.leads toD.suffers from(2)翻译句子我们在金融危机中损失惨重。(1)解析:选A。考查短语辨析。lie in在这里相当于because of。(2)We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.Page No.21 重点短语 7.go through 经历;经受;检查;浏览;用完;做完 The country has gone through too many wars.这个国家经历了太多的战争。She‘s gone through a bad patch recently.她最近经历了一段困难时期。Have you gone through all your money already? 你把所有的钱都花完了吗?I went through the students‘ papers last night.昨晚我仔细阅读了学生的试卷。联想拓展go after追求;追赶go ahead 前进;请说(做)吧 go by走过;(时间)过去 go along with向前;(与......)一起去 go in for爱好;从事 Page No.22 go out 外出;(灯,火)熄灭 go over 越过;复习go through with 做完;完成go up 爬上;(价格等)上升 高手过招 单项填空 ①We‘d better try towith the experiment, I think.Now let‘sthe difficultywith it.(2010·河南许昌一模)A.go through;go onB.go on;go over C.go over;go throughD.go on;go through ②If a person has taken too much medicine by mistake, you should make the person.(2010·平顶山一中月考)A.go upB.rise up C.throw upD.set up Page No.23 ①解析:选A。go through with sth.意思是―做完,完成‖;go on with 意思是―继续‖。②解析:选C。throw up的意思是―呕吐;吐出‖。8.get sth.done 让别人做某事/使得某事被做done是过去分词作宾语补足语,与have sth.done句型的用法一样。get sb./sth.doing使某人/某事物……起来 get sb.to do sth.使/让某人做某事get done(状态的改变)get作系动词,相当于be get away逃脱;离开 get back回来;取回 get by维持生活;通过get down to sth./doing sth.开始认真做某事 get in进站;到达;收集 get off下来;下车get on上车;进展;进步 Page No.24 get cross(对……)生气,发脾气 get in one‘s way挡路,妨碍 get used to doing sth.习惯做某事 get involved in涉及get in touch with和……取得联系 get it了解,懂得,明白 高手过招(1)单项填空The final examination is coming up soon.It‘s time for us toour studies.焦作一中月考)A.get down toB.get out C.get back forD.get over(2)完成句子(原创)①讲解后,老师让我们思考起问题来。Shortly after the explanation the teacher got us.Page No.25 ②我们将很快为你订制一套新衣服。We will get a new suitfor you.③她试图使他说话。She tried to get him.2010·河南((1)解析:选A。该题根据交际情景考查短语动词的用法。根据题意,此处指开始认真学习,故选A。get down to开始认真考虑,符合题意。get out出去,离开,逃脱,泄露;get back for回来,恢复;get over爬过;克服,熬过;恢复,原谅。故B、C、D三项均不符合题意。(2)①thinking ②made ③to talk 9.set down 放下;记下;登记Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.乘客只有在正式车站方可上下车。Page No.26 联想拓展set about(doing sth.)着手(做某事)set out(to do sth.)开始,着手(做某事)set aside留出;不顾set back(把钟等)往回拨;推迟 set free释放;解放set off动身,出发(去某地);使爆炸 set out动身,出发;安排,组织 set up开办;建立;设立 set an example to树立榜样set fire to...= set...on fire纵火烧 be set in以……为背景The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks.由于天气恶劣,建筑计划延误了好几个星期。We need to set about finding a solution.我们得着手寻找一个解决办法。Page No.27 温馨提示set about 和set out都可作―开始/着手做某事‖讲,但set about 后加doing sth.,加 to do sth.。高手过招 单项填空As soon as he got to the office, he the students‘ papers.(2010·山东济南一中月考)A.got down to correct B.got down to correcting C.set down to correcting D.sit down to correcting解析:选B。get down to意思是―着手做某事‖,其中to是介词,后跟名词或动名词。Page No.28 10.on purpose 故意The boy broke Jack‘s window on purpose.He wanted to frighten Jack.那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的,他想吓一下杰克。而set out后 联想拓展purpose n.目的,用途;目标;重要意义 for the purpose of 为了……to little/no purpose 作用不大/徒劳The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.这本书的目的是全面介绍这所大学。高手过招用purpose的适当形式或短语填空(原创)①He didn‘t do it.②What was your? ①on purpose ②purpose Page No.29 11.join in 参加;加入They didn‘t have enough time to join in the activity.他们没有足够的时间来参加这个活动。联想拓展join sb.in sth.与某人一起做某事 join up入伍;参军join up with sb.与某人联合;会合join hands with sb.与某人拉起手来;合伙;联合Will you join me in a walk? 你愿意和我一起散步吗? Let us join hands in friendship.让我们携手共建友谊吧。Page No.30 易混辨析join in/join/take part in/attend join in 参加正在进行着的活动。如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。join ①参加某组织或团体,并成为其中一员;②来和某人待在一起。take part in 参加会议或有组织的群众性活动,并在其中发挥一定的作用。attend 正式用语,指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等,句子的主语是去听去看,自己不一定起积极作用,相当于be present。高手过招用join/join in/take part in/attend的适当形式填空(原创)①I decided tothe club to have dance training.②Would you like meto the game? ③Ia meeting last month.④I will have tohis funeral next week.①join ②join in ③took part in/attended ④attend Page No.31 重点句型12....but your friend can‘t go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.……但是你的朋友不把自行车弄干净不能走。not...until 意为―直到……才‖,表示主句谓语的动作直到until状语的时间才发生,主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始。until引导从句时,如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动作,则主句用肯定式;如果主句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词,则用否定形式。―It is/was not until+被强调的部分+that...‖相当于―Not until...did(does, do, is...)+主语...‖意为―直到……才‖,是强调形式。You must stay in bed until your temperature is normal.体温正常后,你才能起床。He didn‘t leave until the meeting was over.直到会议结束他才离开。Page No.32 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star.=I didn‘t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一位电影明星。高手过招 单项填空 ①Not until,settle the problem.(2010·潍坊一轮验收)A.he returns;can weB.he returns;we canC.does he returns;we canD.does he return;we can ②It wasback home after the experiment.A.not until midnight did he go B.until midnight that he didn‘t go C.not until midnight that he went D.until midnight when he didn‘t go Page No.33 ①解析:选A。当not until位于句首时句子需倒装。句意为:直到他回来我们才能解决这个问题。②解析:选C。强调句型It is/was...that对not until...进行强调时,需把not until...放到强调结构中,故选C。13.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.遛狗的时候,你太大意了,一松手,狗就被车撞了。while walking the dog是连词while加现在分词短语结构,强调分词的动作正在发生,相当于while you were walking the dog。在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致,谓语含有系动词be,可以省略从句的主语和系动词be。When crossing the street, you should be careful.过马路时,你应当小心。If heated, water can be turned into vapour.如果受热,水会变成蒸气。Page No.34 温馨提示在状语从句中,如果从句的主语为it时,也可以将it和助动词be省略。Whenever possible they would stop him and ask the three questions.可能的话,他们就让他停下问他这三个问题。高手过招 单项填空 ①with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.(2010·山东莱州检测)A.ComparesB.When comparing C.ComparingD.When compared ②the two systems, little man found the latter advantageous.(原创)A.CompareB.When compared C.ComparedD.When comparing Page No.35 ①解析:选D。考查状语从句的省略用法。在状语从句中,如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同或者主语为it时,可以将从句中的主语或者it和助动词be省略。本句是将状语从句―When it is compared with the size of the whole earth‖中的it is省略,因此正确答案为D。②解析:选D。考点省略。在状语从句中,当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,通常采用省略形式。句中的little man与compare之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,故选D。14.I wonder if it‘s because I haven‘t been able to be outdoors for so long that I‘ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。此句中的it‘s...that是强调句型。关于强调句型,我们需要掌握以下几点: Page No.36(1)强调句型的基本结构:―It is/was+被强调的成分+that/who+其他成分‖用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分。that只起连接作用,不作成分,但不能省略。当被强调部分为sb.作宾语时,可用who,也可用that,其他情况一律用that。强调主语时,that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语在人称与数上保持一致。(2)特殊句式中的强调句型: ①如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词,表示―到底‖、―究竟‖等语气时,就用如下结构: ―特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+该句的其余部分‖,that/who后只能使用陈述语序。②在―not...until‖结构中,由until所引导的短语(或从句)作时间状语时,要用固定的强调句型:―It+is/was+not until...+that+该句的其余部分‖,that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。Page No.37(3)强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句,可采用―还原法‖。如果还原为一般句式后,句子各种成分完整,则是强调句,否则不是。It was three o‘clock when I got home.我到家的时候三点。It was at three o‘clock that I got home.三点钟我到的家。It was in his town that he was brought up.他是在镇上被养大的。(强调句)It was this town where/in which he was brought up.这是他被抚养长大的城镇。(定语从句)(4)英语中常用助动词do, does或did强调谓语。He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didn‘t find you.他昨天确实去了机场,但他没有找到你。Page No.38 It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。When is it that we will have a meeting? 我们什么时候开会? 高手过招 单项填空It is in that poor village,Mary lived and worked 15 years ago,she will build her first school, which inspires everyone to help her.(原创)A.where;whenB.that;that C.that;whenD.where;that 解析:选D。句意为:就是在那个她生活和工作了15年的贫穷的村庄,玛丽将要建起她的第一座学校,这一点鼓舞了人们来帮她。第一空为where引导的非限制性定语从句,第二空填that,构成强调句型,强调地点状语。Page No.39 15.I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do...我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账……as引导的从句为比较状语从句,意为―像大多数人那么做‖。as 用作连词,可引导下列状语从句: ①引导时间状语从句,强调主句谓语与从句谓语的同时性; ②引导让步状语从句,表示―尽管,虽然,即使‖(从句需倒装); ③引导方式状语从句,表示―以……方式‖; ④引导原因状语从句(=since;because),意为―由于,因为‖; ⑤引导比较状语从句。As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.随着他年纪越来越大,他失去了对所有事物的兴趣,除了园艺。Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt.尽管天气冷,我哥哥只穿了一件衬衫。Page No.40 Why didn't you take the medicine as I told you to? 为什么你没有按我说的来服这种药? As you were not there, I left a message.因为当时你不在那,所以我给你留了便条。She is as tall as you.她和你一样高。高手过招 单项填空 ①as he is, he speaks English well.(2010·山西太原一中月考)A.Little childB.A little child C.The little childD.Child little ②In some countries,are called ―public schools‖ are not owned by the public.(2010·11·江西新余一中质量检测)A.whichB.asC.whatD.that Page No.41 ①解析:选B。在让步状语从句中,作表语的名词如果提前,该名词常省去冠词,但若名词前有修饰语时,就不省略冠词。②解析:选C。考查what引导的主语从句。what在主语从句中作主语。句意为:在许多国家,所谓的公立学校并非公众拥有。16....it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……如果前面是―it(will be)is/this(will be)is/that(will be)is+the first/second time that...‖句式,表示―某人第几次做某事‖。其中,that引导的是定语从句,后面句子的时态用现在完成时;如果前面是it(would be)was..., 后面则用过去完成时。It is the first time that I have come to Zhuhai.这是我第一次来珠海。It was the second time that she had visited London.那是她第二次游览伦敦。Page No.42 温馨提示如果time前有last修饰,此时我们一般不用完成时态。注意:the first time可起从属连词的作用,引导时间状语从句;for the first time意为―第一次‖单独用作状语。This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.这是我最后一次给你们上课了。高手过招(1)单项填空 ①It's the third timelate this week.(原创)A.that you areB.you are C.when you arrivedD.that you have been ②It was for the first time that heto the party.A.InvitedB.had been invited C.has been invitedD.was invited(2)翻译句子(原创)This will be the second time that I have been to the Great Wall.Page No.43(1)①解析:选D。―It is the +序数词+time+ that从句‖为固定句型,从句谓语动词必须用现在完成时。②解析:选D。it was...that是强调结构,句中强调状语―for the first time‖故选D。(2)这将会是我第二次去长城。Page No.44 Unit 2 English around the world 核心单词 1.command n.& vt.命令;指令;掌握The officer commanded his soldiers to fire.那名军官命令士兵们开火。A general is a man who commands a large number of soldiers.将军是统率众多士兵的人。常用结构:at/ by sb‘s command 听某人支配 take command of控制 in command of指挥着 Page No.45 under one‘s command 由某人的指挥under the command of sb.在某人的指挥下command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事command(=order)that...命令……(从句用虚拟语气,即should+ do 形式,should可省略)联想拓展commander n.指挥官高手过招用适当的介词填空(原创)①For the first time in years, she felt she wascommand of her life.②The army isthe king‘s direct command.③The police arrived and took commandthe situation.①in ②under/at/by ③of Page No.46 2.request vt.&n.请求;恳求;要求 常用结构:request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事 request sth.from/of sb.向某人要求某物request that sb.(should)do sth.要求某人做某事 make a request/requests 发出请求at the request of sb.=at sb.‘s request依照某人的请求 易混辨析request/demand/require request表示―有礼貌的请求;正式的请求‖。demand表示―有正当权利的要求‖,因此含有―坚决或强烈要求‖的意思。require表示―要求所必须的东西;法律、协定、规章以及其他客观情况的要求‖。但它们也有不同之处: Page No.47 ①require和request都可以接宾语+to do sth.结构,而demand没有此种用法。但可以说demand of sb.to do sth.②require+动名词时,主动形式的动名词具有被动意义,而demand,request无此种用法。They are demanding higher wages.他们要求提高工资。Do you require anything else? 你还要求(需要)别的吗?Many people have requested this next song.许多人要求听下面这首歌。They required me to keep silent.他们要求我保持沉默。The letter requested us to leave the house within six weeks.这封信要求我们六周内搬出这所房子。温馨提示以上三个词的共同点是:从语法上看,request和demand,require都可以接that引导的宾语从句,并且在从句中要使用虚拟语气。Page No.48 高手过招 单项填空 ①One of the requirements for a fire is that the materialto its burning temperature.(2010·陕西师大附中月考)A.be heatedB.is heated C.would be heatedD.do heat ②—Why were you late for such an important concert? —The plane arrived at the airport after aof three hours.(2010·陕西商洛一轮检测)A.delayB.restC.tourD.request ①解析:选A。如同require, demand, order, suggest, advise, insist, request等动词要求其后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气一样,它们所对应的名词的同位语从句和表语从句也要求使用虚拟语气,即:should+动词原形。故选A。②解析:选A。上句询问―迟到的原因‖,因此下句中的名词应是与―迟到‖意义有关的名词,所以只能选择―延误‖。Page No.49 3.recognize vt.辨认出;承认;公认 常用结构:recognize sb.认出某人recognize one‘s voice听出某人的声音 recognize...as...认定;承认……为……recognize sb./sth....to be...认为某人/某事物是…… recognize that...承认……When he walked out of the station, I recognized him immediately.当他从车站里走出来时,我立刻认出了他。Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir.大家都承认他为合法继承人。Page No.50 高手过招 单项填空—Oh, it‘s you!Iyou.—I have just had my hair cut, and I‘m wearing new glasses.(2010·山东淄博六中检测)A.hadn‘t recognizedB.haven‘t recognized C.didn‘t recognizeD.don‘t recognize解析:选C。前句的句意为:哦,是你呀!我刚才没有认出你来。所以要用一般过去时。4.direction n.[C] 方向;方面;[U]指导;指挥 常用结构:in the direction of 朝……的方向(=towards)in sb‘s direction 朝某人的方向(=towards sb.)under one‘s direction 在……指导下(=under the direction of sb.)Page No.51 Tom went off in one direction and Jack in another.汤姆往一个方向走,杰克往另外一个方向走。Reforms are needed in many directions.许多方面都需要改革。He is walking in the direction of the police station.他正朝警察局的方向走去。He glanced in her direction and their eyes met.他朝她这个方向一看,俩人的眼睛相遇了。The singing group is under the direction of Mr Lee.合唱团由李先生指挥。温馨提示direction意为―指示;指引;用法说明‖等,通常要用复数形式。注意:表示邮件上的―姓名地址‖时,也用复数形式。Follow the directions on the medicine bottle.请按药瓶上的说明服药。Page No.52 高手过招(1)单项填空Those who learn theory must developthe direction of practice.(2010·山东枣庄一轮验收)A.toB.onC.inD.for(2)完成句子(原创)①I gave Mary full(地址)to enable her to find the post office.②He did the work(在我的指导下).(1)解析:选C。in the direction of为固定搭配,意为―朝……方向‖。注意不要用介词to。(2)①directions②under my direction 重点短语5.more than one 意为―不止一个‖,虽然在意义上表示复数,但作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数,与many a(许多)用法一样;如果more修饰复数可数名词再跟than one作主语时,其谓语动词则要用复数。Page No.53 More than one member has protested against the proposal.不止一个成员反对这个建议。More than one person has been concerned in this.这里面涉及的不仅是一个人。More persons than one have been involved.涉及的不仅仅是一个人。联想拓展 ―more than+ adj.‖意为―很;非常‖。在―more...than...‖中,肯定―more‖后面的,而否定―than‖后面的,意为―是……而不是……‖或者―与其……不如……‖。―more than...can/could‖是英语里的一个常见结构,可把more than理解为not,表示否定,该结构意为―非……所能……;是……所不能……;不是……所能……‖。more often than not 经常;往往In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.做科学实验时,对待仪器必须非常小心才行。Page No.54 If you tell your father what you have done, he will be more than a little angry.如果你把所做的事情告诉你父亲,他会非常生气的。Catherine is more diligent than intelligent.与其说凯瑟琳聪明,不如说她勤奋。高手过招完成句子(原创)①当我的老朋友布莱恩怂恿我抽一支烟时,我可再也熬不住了。When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was.②可能的解释不止一个。There is.①more than I could bear ②more than one possible explanation Page No.55 6.because of 因为;由于是介词短语,后跟名词、代词或动名词及what从句。She got hurt because of what you‘d said.她因为你的话而受到伤害。due to 意为―由于‖常作表语,也作后置定语和状语。thanks to意为―多亏;由于‖只作状语。owing to意为―由于‖常作状语。as a result of意为―由于‖作状语。易混辨析because/as/since/for because表示直接原因,语气最强。回答why提出的问题只能用because。在强调句型中,也只能用because。as用于解释做某事的原因,语气较弱,通常位于主句前。since表示的原因是指人们已知的事实,常意为―既然‖。语气比because弱,但比as强。通常位于主句前,并常与as换用。for并列连词,连接并列分句,表示一种补充说明,是推测或判断的理由,语气较弱,不可位于主句前。有时可表示直接原因,相当于because。Page No.56 高手过招 单项填空①People crowded on the road and could not go forwardthe traffic accident some cars had made.(2010·山西太原五中检测)A.withB.since C.because ofD.because ②People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her.,she is a great musician.(2010·陕西西安二中检测)A.After allB.As a result C.In other wordsD.As usual ①解析:选C。考查表示―原因‖的几个词的用法。since与because都是连词,连接句子,with表示原因时,前面多是形容词。如His face was red with cold.他的脸冻得通红。because of为介词短语,后跟名词或动名词短语,故选C。②解析:选A。after all毕竟;as a result结果;in other words换句话说;as usual照例。根据题意选择A。Page No.57 7.come up 走近;上来;提出The little boy came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station.小男孩向陌生人走去,并告诉他去警察局的路。We won‘t forget the day when we watched the sun come up on top of the Tai Mountain.我们不会忘记一同在泰山顶看日出的那天。It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting.这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。The snowdrops are just beginning to come up.雪莲花刚刚开始长出地面。I am afraid something urgent has come up.恐怕发生了什么急事。Page No.58 联想拓展come true变成现实,成为现实 come across邂逅 come about发生come at向……扑来,攻击 come from来自come out出版;开花;结果是 come up with想出come round绕道而来;苏醒 come down落下,塌下come over(从远处)来到;横过 come into use开始使用 how come...?(表示理解)……怎么回事? when it comes to sth.当涉及某事时How come her French is so bad if she spent 5 years in pairs? 她在巴黎待了5年,但她的法语怎么这么糟糕。When it comes to getting things done, he is useless.一涉及到做事,他便不中用了。Page No.59 高手过招(1)单项填空They aren‘t afraid when theythe difficulties in their study.(2010·河南镇平质量检测)A.come upB.come to C.come aboutD.come out(2)用come构成的短语填空(原创)①The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bearhim.②The magazineonce a month.③I wish you canto England on your holiday.④The engineers havenew ways of saving energy.⑤Theyan old school friend in the street this morning.Page No.60(1)解析:选B。考查短语辨析。come to此处意为―涉及,提到‖;come about意为―产生‖,如:How did the difference between American English and British English come about? come up意为―到来,来到‖;come out意为―出来,长出,发芽‖。(2)①came at ②comes out ③come over ④come up with ⑤came across 8.such as例如……;像这样的 易混辨析such as/for example/that is/and so on such as用来列举事物。通常插在被举例的带有解释性质的事物与前面的需要进行解释的名词之间,意为―比如;诸如……之类的‖,可与 like 互换,as 后不能有逗号。for example同for instance一样起到补充说明的作用,表明在众多的内容中仅取一两个例子,可放在举例之前或之后,意为―例如,举个例子‖。Page No.61 that is 是后面列举的事物的总量等于它前面所提到的总和,相当于namely。也用that is to say。and so on 对几个事物进行列举时,在说了其中的几个以后,用and so on进行概括,说明还有例子,但不一一列出。Boys like to play balls, such as football and basketball.男孩子喜欢打球,比如足球和篮球。Some students, Li Jun, for example, live in the country.有些学生,如李军,住在农村。I have three good friends, that is, John, Jack and Tom.我有三个好朋友,即约翰、杰克和汤姆。There are some books, pens, erasers and so on in my bag.我的书包里有书、笔、橡皮等。Page No.62 高手过招 单项填空A lot of countries have gained excellent achievements in space technology, China,.(2010·安徽合肥八中检测)A.such asB.for exampleC.namelyD.and so on 解析:选B。四个词中只有for example 位置灵活,可放在句首、句中或句末。9.play a part(in)扮演一个角色;参与She plays an active part in local politics.她积极参与地方政治活动。She played a major part in the success of the scheme.她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。Page No.63 联想拓展take part(in sth.)参加, 参与(某事)the best part of sth.(某事物的)绝大部分(尤指一段时间)for the most part整体上;通常;多半 for my part就我来说 高手过招翻译句子(原创)①有多少国家要参加(世界杯赛)? ②对我来说, 到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。①How many countries will be taking part(in the World Cup)? ②For my part, I don‘t mind where we eat.Page No.64 重点句型10.Which country do you think has the most English learners? 你觉得学英语最多的是哪个国家?do you think/believe/expect/find/know/suppose 作为插入语,放在特殊疑问词后,其他内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。What time do you expect we will come and pick you up? 你希望我们几点来接你?What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news? 你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢?Why do you think their team could win the football match? 你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢? Page No.65 高手过招 单项填空─is the best football player in your city? ─Jerry.(2010·江苏盐城质量检测)A.Do you think who B.Do you think whom C.Who do you think D.Whom do you think 解析:选C。句中主要部分为who is the best football player in your city。插入语为do you think。11.Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你,(世界上)没有什么标准英语。(1)believe it or not在句中用作插入语,意为―信不信由你;我说的是真的‖。Page No.66 联想拓展常用作插入语的还有: generally speaking一般来说 frankly speaking坦白地说 judging from...从……来判断to tell you the truth说真的;老实说 to be honest说实在的to make matters worse更糟糕的是 高手过招单项填空 ①, boys are stronger than girls.(2010·江苏徐州质量检测)A.To speak generallyB.Generally to speak C.Generally speakingD.Generally spoken ②the hat he , the man is a soldier.(2010·浙江温州一模)A.Judging from;is wearing C.To judge by;putting B.Judging by;is having onD.Judged by;is putting Page No.67(1)①解析:选C。插入语generally speaking意为―一般来说‖是固定搭配,指常规。②解析:选A。judging from为固定搭配,在这里judging不与the man形成逻辑上的主动或被动关系。wear, have on, dress都有―穿,戴‖的意思,但搭配和意义不同。wear和have on都可以表示―穿着‖的状态,然而have on没有进行时态;dress可以作及物和不及物动词,作不及物动词的意思是―穿衣‖,作及物动词时宾语是人。(2)such上述一类的;诸如此类的 联想拓展no such...as没有这样的…… such as例如such...as...像……这样的…… such...that...这样……以至于…… 易混辨析such...that.../such...as...在such...that...结构中,that是从属连词,引导结果状语从句,在从句中不作成分。Page No.68 在such...as...结构中,as是关系代词,引导定语从句,在从句中常作宾语。He is reading such a book as you borrowed from the library last week.他在读的书和你上周从图书馆借来的一样。(as是关系代词,引导定语从句)He is reading such an interesting book that I want to borrow it.他在读的书这么有趣,我想借来读读。(that引导结果状语从句)高手过招单项填空 ①Exercise isas any other to lose unwanted weight.(2010·四川成都六中检测)A.so useful a wayB.as a useful way C.as useful a wayD.such a useful way ②I suggest that we should take part in more such activities in future we did yesterday.(2010·江西南昌一中二模)A.whichB.asC.thatD.than Page No.69(2)①解析:选C。as...as结构中出现单数可数名词时,不定冠词和名词应放在形容词之后。so...as只用于否定句,故不能选A。②解析:选B。当先行词被such修饰时,关系代词用as。Page No.70 Unit 3 Travel journal 核心单词 1.persuade vt.说服;劝服;使相信(同convince)常用结构:persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事persuade sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事persuade sb.out of doing sth.说服某人不要做某事 persuade sb.that-clause 使某人相信…… Page No.71 联想拓展talk sb.into/out of doing sth.=reason sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事trick sb.into/out of doing sth.诱使某人做/不做某事 urge sb.into/out of doing sth.怂恿某人做/不做某事易混辨析advise/persuade advise 强调―劝告,建议‖的动作,不注重结果;而persuade强调―已经说服‖,重在结果。用法上:advise可跟v.-ing形式作宾语,也可以接that-clause(that sb.should do),而persuade则不能。I persuaded him of its truth.我使他相信这是真的。We will persuade him to take the medicine.我们将说服他把药吃下去。We persuaded her into taking the job.我们说服她接受了这份工作。Page No.72 I persuaded my father out of smoking.我劝服父亲戒了烟。She persuaded me that death does not end all.她说服我相信了死并不能结束一切。He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to.即使她不想去上学,他还是说服她去了。He advised that we(should)leave early.他建议我们早点出发。高手过招 单项填空 ①Alice trusts you;only you canher to give up the foolish idea.(2010·安徽合肥八中检测)A.suggestB.attractC.temptD.persuade ②Mr Li no longer smokes now because his wifehim to give up smoking last year.(2010·江苏常州检测题)A.suggestedB.advised C.persuadedD.told Page No.73 ①解析:选D。句意为:爱丽丝信任你,唯有你能说服她放弃这种愚蠢的想法。persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事;suggest劝说、建议,后不接动词不定式;attract 吸引;tempt 诱惑,引诱,均不符题意。故选D项。②解析:选C。考查advise sb.to do sth.和persuade sb.to do sth.的区别。advise sb.to do sth.意思是―劝某人做某事‖,强调动作,尤其是表达―劝而不服‖时多用此结构;persuade sb.to do sth.意思是―劝服某人做某事‖,强调结果。2.determinevt.(使)决定,决心要;确定 常用结构:determine + n./ pron.决(确)定determine to do sth.决定做某事(表示动作,是非延续性动词短语)determine on/upon...决定…… determine that/what...决定…… Page No.74 determine sb.to do sth.使某人决定做某事 determine sb.against sth.使某人决定不做某事be determined to do sth.决心做某事(表示状态,可与表示时间段的状语连用)We determine to go to the railway station at once.我们决定立刻去火车站。The court determined that the man was guilty of assault.法庭裁定那个人犯了侵犯人身罪。That determined her against leaving home.那件事使她决定不离开家了。联想拓展 determined adj.坚决的,有决心的 determination n.决心I was determined to make it as a jazz musician.我决定要成为一名爵士乐音乐家。Page No.75 温馨提示be determined to do与determine to do 意思基本一致,但前者表示状态,可与某段时间状语连用;后者表示动作,是非延续性的动词短语。类似的短语还有:prepare for/be prepared for,worry about/be worried about。这类结构常考查分词作状语的用法。高手过招 单项填空He left school early and as an adolescent,to make his fortune in America.(2010·江苏城头中学一轮检测)A.is determinedB.had be determined C.determinedD.determining 解析:选C。考查determine的用法。根据句意应使用be determined to结构,此处determined为形容词作伴随状语。Page No.76 3.insistv.坚持;坚决要求You can come back later, if you insist.如果你一定要坚持,就稍后再来吧。常用结构:insist on/upon sth./(sb‘s)doing sth.坚持某事/要求(某人)做某事 insist that....(should)坚持……I still insist on my viewpoint.我仍然坚持我的观点。He insisted on paying for the meal.他坚持要付饭钱。Mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves.妈妈坚决要求我们自己洗衣服。温馨提示insist当―坚决要求‖解时,后面的从句应用虚拟语气,即谓语部分用―should+动词原形‖或直接用动词原形;如果insist当―坚持(认为;说)‖解时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气。Page No.77 高手过招 单项填空 ①The man insisteda taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.(原创)A.findB.to findC.on findingD.in finding ②I advised that heto the hospital at once, but he insisted that hequite well then.(2010·山东寿光一中一轮检测)A.be sent;was feeling B.was sent;felt C.be sent;feel D.should be sent;should feel ①解析:选C。insist on doing sth.是习惯搭配,意为―坚持做某事‖。②解析:选A。advise引导宾语从句,从句中的谓语动词不管什么人称都应用should do;should也可以省去,只用动词原形表述事实。insist在此处意为―坚持认为‖。故选A。Page No.78 4.once 用法较多,意思也比较丰富,既可以用作连词,也可以用作副词。once用作连词时,意为―一旦……就……‖,连接时间状语从句,相当于as soon as。once用作副词时,意为―曾经;一度;从前‖。它是一个不确定的时间副词,其位置一般是在行为动词之前,系动词之后。once用作副词,也可意为―一次‖。Once you start, you will never give up.一旦开始了,你就不要放弃。Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules.一旦你理解了规则,物理就不难学了。Once he lived in America, but now he lives in England.他曾经居住在美国,但现在他生活在英国。His song was once very popular among the young people.他的歌曾经在年轻人中很流行。Page No.79 The old professor comes to see us once a week.那个老教授一周来看我们一次。Tell us the story once more.把那个故事再给我们讲一遍。联想拓展at once 立刻;马上once again再一次;又一次(相当于once more)all at once突然(相当于suddenly)once upon a time很早以前;从前once in a while偶尔;间或once/as soon as once偏重于条件,而as soon as偏重于时间。Once you see the film, you‘d never forget it(不宜用as soon as).你一旦看了这部电影,你就永远不会忘记它。As soon as he got off the plane, we wanted to say hello to him(不宜用once).他一下飞机,我们就想向他打招呼。Page No.80 高手过招 单项填空 ①environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem(生态系统)to recover.(原创)A.Even ifB.If onlyC.WhileD.Once ②you understand this rule, you‘ll have no further difficulty.(2010·山东烟台质量检测)A.OnceB.UnlessC.AsD.Until ①解析:选D。句子为once引导的时间状语从句,意为―一旦;一……就……‖。句意为:一旦环境遭到损害,就需要许多年才能使生态系统恢复。even if引导让步状语从句,意为―尽管‖。if only意为―要是……就好了‖,引导从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。while意为―当……的时候‖,引导从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。故选D。②解析:选A。考查由once引导的时间状语从句,意为―一旦‖。句意为:一旦明白了这条规则,就再也没有困难了。Page No.81 5.viewn.风景;视野;观点;见解vt.观看;注视;考虑The house has a view over the sea.这座房子面向大海,视野开阔。What is your view on school punishments? 你对学校的处罚有什么看法?The plan was viewed favorably.这项计划是受到称赞的。联想拓展in one‘s view在某人看来come into view进入视野,看得见 in full view(of sb./sth.)完全看得见 in view of sth.鉴于,考虑到,由于with a view to sth./to doing sth.为了,指望Several possible buyers have come to view the house.几个可能是买主的人来看过房子。Page No.82 高手过招 单项填空On the top of this mountain, you can get a wonderfulof the nearby hills.原五中检测)sightB.viewC.distanceD.look 解析:选B。get a view of为固定搭配,意为―看到……的景象‖。重点短语 6.care about 关心;担心;在乎;喜欢I really care about my work.我真的关心我的工作。联想拓展care for 喜爱;照顾;重视take care 当心take care of 照料;关怀;处理 under the care of 由……管理, 在……的照料下, 在……的保护下 Page No.83 with care 小心, 慎重She doesn‘t care for that colour.她不喜欢那种颜色。He spent years caring for his sick mother. 他数年里一直在照顾生病的母亲。2010·山西太(I do care for what my teacher says.我的确尊重老师说的话。高手过招(1)单项填空That old man is so greedy(贪婪的)that henothing but money, not even his relatives.(原创)A.look aboutB.search for C.cares aboutD.takes care of(2)完成句子(原创)①他一点也不关心别人,只想着自己。He doesn‘t careother people at all;he is always thinking of himself.②爱因斯坦对金钱不感兴趣,对薪水也不计较。Einstein who cared littlemoney never caredhis salary.Page No.84(1)解析:选C。考查短语辨析。look about到处看;search for寻找,相当于look for;care about关心;在乎;take care of照料。(2)①about②for;about 7.change one‘s mind 改变主意Maybe you‘ll change your mind after thinking it over.也许你仔细考虑之后会改变主意。联想拓展make up one‘s mind(to do)下定决心(做某事)have a/no mind to do有/无意做…… lose one‘s mind 失去理智read one‘s mind 看出某人的心思 speak one‘s mind 直言不讳be of the same mind 意见一致be in/of two minds 拿不定主意 give one‘s mind to 注意…… keep one‘s mind on 专心于…… Page No.85 take one‘s mind off sth.转移某人的注意bear/keep sth.in mind 记住某事 bring/call sth.to mind 回忆某事put one‘s mind to sth.全神贯注于某事I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it.我已经下定决心要离开,不管你说什么我都不会改变主意了。①I‘ve made up my mind to be a doctor.②Nothing will make me change my mind.Page No.86 8.give in屈服,让步,投降;上交 联想拓展 give in(to sb./sth.)向……让步give up sth./doing放弃(做)某事give away 赠送;泄露give back 归还;恢复give off放出,散发(光、热、烟、气味等)give out分配;分发;发布;(食物,燃料,电力等)被用光;筋疲力尽Seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to give in(to my view).由于无法说服我,他不得不让步。Our food supply at last gives out.我们的食物终于用完了。His strength gave out.他已筋疲力尽。Page No.87 高手过招 单项填空It is always the husband whofirst when a quarrel breaks out between the young couple.(2010·山东聊城检测)A.give awayB.gives outC.gives inD.gives off 解析:选C。考查动词短语辨析。句意为:当年轻夫妻之间发生争吵时,最先让步的总是丈夫。give away 赠送,泄露,出卖;give out 分发,用完,消耗尽;give in 投降,屈服,让步;give off 放出,散发出。重点句型9.Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train? 汽车和火车,你更喜欢使用哪种交通方式?prefer to do(rather than do)意为―宁可;宁愿(表选择)‖或者―更喜欢做某事‖。其本身带有like better的含义,所以不能再与表示程度的better或more连用。Page No.88 联想拓展prefer sth.喜欢某事/物prefer doing sth.更喜欢做某事prefer+to do sth.(表示特定场合下)更喜欢做某事 prefer sb.to do sth.宁愿某人做某事 prefer A to B/prefer doing A to doing B 宁愿……而不愿……prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B prefer + that-clause(虚拟语气)+(should)+do 喜欢做某事Do you prefer cooking for yourself or eating in a restaurant? 你是喜欢自己做饭还是下馆子?Their father prefers them to be home early.他们的父亲宁愿他们早点回家。I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination.我宁愿写一篇学术论文也不愿参加考试。Page No.89 He preferred to die rather than become a traitor.他宁死也不做叛徒。Would you prefer that I(should)come on Monday instead of on Tuesday? 你宁愿让我星期一来而不是星期二来吗?高手过招 单项填空My sistersingingdancing while I dance sing.(原创)A.prefers;to;would rather;than B.would rather;than;prefer;toC.prefers;rather than;would rather;to D.would rather;to;prefer;to 解析:选A。考查固定搭配。prefer的搭配是prefer to do rather than do或prefer doing to doing;would rather的搭配是would rather do than do或would do rather than do,因此A项正确。Page No.90 10.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄,呼吸困难,而且天气很冷时,她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。―...the air would be hard to breathe...‖是―主语+系动词+形容词+不定式‖结构,其中不定式的谓语与主语在意义上是动宾关系,但要用主动形式表示被动意义,不定式后面如果是不及物动词要在其后加适当的介词与主语构成动宾关系。这一类的形容词通常可以描绘主语的情绪、态度、品质属性或者难易程度,如hard, difficult, easy, nice, interesting, important, pleasant和comfortable等。Your writing is impossible to read.你写的字太难辨认了。Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗?The chair looks rather hard, but it is very comfortable to sit on.这把椅子看上去很硬,但坐起来很舒服。Page No.91 高手过招完成句子(原创)①有时候她很不容易理解。She was difficultat times.②他是唯一一个被授予这种荣誉的外国人。He was the only foreignersuch an honour.①to understand②to be given 11.A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.有决心的人总是努力完成工作,不管它有多么难。no matter how...引导让步状语从句,意为―无论多么……‖,how后跟形容词或副词,相当于―however + adj./adv.‖句式。联想拓展no matter意为―无论;不管‖时,引导让步状语从句,常用于下列句型中:no matter what(who/when etc.)...分别表示―无论何事‖、―无论何人‖、―无论何时‖等,这个从句可以置于主句之前,也可以置于主句之后。no matter后接关系代词或关系副词引导的状语从句在句中作让步状语。Page No.92 注意:whatever, however, whoever etc.可引导状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。No matter what happened, he would not mind.=Whatever happened, he would not mind.不管发生什么,他都不在意。(错)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they‘re given.(对)Prisoners have to eat whatever they‘re given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。No matter how hard he works, he can not get a promotion.不管他工作多努力, 他就是得不到提升。No matter what you do, you must be very careful.不管做什么事,你都必须非常细心。No matter who you are(=Whoever you are), I‘ll never let you in.无论你是谁,我绝不让你进去。No matter which you choose(=Whichever you choose), you will be satisfied.不论你选择哪一个,你都会满意的。No matter where I go(=Wherever I go), I will be thinking of you.无论我去哪里,我都会想着你。Page No.93 高手过招 单项填空 ①the problem may be, we must solve it ourselves.(2010·山东威海一轮验收)A.Whatever difficultB.How difficultC.However difficultD.No matter what difficult ②It is generally considered unwise to give a childhe or she wants.(2010·山东枣庄检测)A.howeverB.whatever C.whicheverD.whenever ①解析:选C。句意为:不管问题有多难,我们都要独立解决。difficult为形容词,因此用how修饰,表示程度。however在这里没有转折的意思,相当于no matter how,因此答案为C。②解析:选B。考查从属关联词的用法。whatever等于anything that或everything that,引导宾语从句。whatever一方面起引导词的作用,同时作从句中wants的宾语。Page No.94 Unit 4 Earthquakes 核心单词 1.burstvt.& vi.(burst, bursting)爆炸;胀裂;突然而起;闯入; 充满;满盈;n.突然破裂;爆发 联想拓展burst out 迸发;突然发作;突然……起来 burst open推开;忽然打开; 裂开 burst through冲开;冲破;拨开burst in upon打断(谈话等);突然出现; 突然到达 burst in/ into闯入; 突然出现; 突然……起来; 突然发作 Page No.95 另外,burst into后接名词时可表示不同的意义: burst into laughter突然大笑起来 burst into tears突然大哭起来 burst into cheers突然欢呼起来burst out后接动名词也表示同样的意思 burst out laughing/crying 突然大笑/哭起来 高手过招 单项填空Every timehe thought of his past, he couldn‘t help bursting(2010·济南一模)A.when;out tearsB.that;into crying C.which;into tearsD./;out crying 解析:选D。burst out后接v.-ing形式,every time 相当于连词,引导状语从句。故选D。Page No.96 2.eventn.事件;大事;比赛项目The new book was the cultural event of the year.这本新书的出版是今年文化界的大事。Coming events cast their shadows before.未来之事先有征兆。The next event will be the 100-metre race.下一个比赛项目是100米赛跑。常用结构:at all events 无论怎样 in any event 无论如何 in the event of 万一;倘若In the event of rain, the game will be postponed.要是下雨,球赛就延期。Page No.97 易混辨析occurrence/event/incident/accident occurrence系常用词, 指―任何发生的事件‖。event 指―有重要意义的历史事件、重大事件‖。incident指―事件‖, 尤指―比较不重要的小事件‖。accident指―意外事故‖。高手过招 单项填空 ①The National Day and the International Labour Day are greatin our country.(2010·河南镇平二轮)A.thingsB.incidents C.accidentsD.events.②How manyare going to be held in this Summer Olympic Games?(2010·江苏启东一轮)A.accidentsB.incidents C.eventsD.sports Page No.98 ①解析:选D。考查词义辨析。things是普通用词,指―情况;状况‖;incident意为―事情;发生的事(常指小事)‖;accident意为―事故‖,强调未预料到的事情;event的意为―事件‖,多指大事件。②解析:选C。考查词义辨析。accident意为―事故‖,指没有料到的恶性事件。incident指―事件‖,多指不是很重要的事情。event多指―政治性的事件‖,尤指大事。event也可以指(体育运动中的)比赛项目。3.rescue n.&vt.援救,营救 常用结构:rescue sb./ sth.from sb./ sp.把……从……营救出来 come to/ go to sb‘s rescue = rescue sb.援救某人a rescue team 救援队a rescue mission 救援任务rescue workers 救援人员 Page No.99 The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.警察来救他,把他从河里拉了出来。The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。Michael rescued a boy from drowning.迈克尔把溺水的男孩救了起来。高手过招用rescue的适当形式填空(原创)①The mother, along with her two children,from the sinking boat by a passing ship.②The firemenfive children from the burning house yesterday.①has been rescued ②rescued Page No.100 4.judgen.法官;鉴赏家;裁判 vt.判断;估计His father used to be a judge.他的父亲过去是一名法官。She‘s a good judge of wine.她是鉴别酒的专家。The blind can‘t judge colours.盲人无法判断颜色。Don‘t judge a man by his looks.不要以貌取人。联想拓展judgment n.判断,辨别力judge sb./ sth.by/from 通过……判断…… as far as I judge 我认为 judging from...从……来看,根据……判断Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.从他所说的话来看,他是个诚实的人。Page No.101 高手过招(1)单项填空the hat he , the old man is a farmer.(2010·山东日照检测)A.Judging from;is wearing B.Judging by;is having on C.To judge by;putting D.Judged by;is putting(2)用judge的适当形式填空(原创)①from his appearance, he must be a rich man.②In her, he must be from the south.(1)解析:选A。judging from为固定搭配,此处judging不与the old man形成逻辑主动或被动关系。wear, have on, dress都有―穿,戴‖的意思,但搭配和意义不同。wear和have on都可以表示―穿着‖的状态,然而have on没有进行时态;dress可以作及物和不及物动词,作不及物动词时意为―穿衣‖,作及物动词时宾语是人。(2)①Judging ②judgment Page No.102 5.ruinvt.毁坏;毁灭。既可指实际的东西,也可指抽象的东西。n.[U]毁坏;毁灭 [C](常用作复数)废墟 联想拓展in ruins严重损坏;破败不堪;落空bring come to ruin使某人失败;使倾家荡产 bring ruin upon oneself自取灭亡fall/go to ruin毁灭, 灭亡;崩溃;破坏掉ruin oneself毁掉自己 易混辨析destroy/ruin/damage/harm destroy 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁,使之无法恢复,也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏,但往往是非暴力的,也往往不是一次性打击的结果,常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。Page No.103 damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤,使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果,也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西,常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。What he faced ruined his hope.他所面对的使他的希望破灭了。The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.整个城市在地震中被毁掉了。Laziness will ruin one‘s prospects.懒惰会使人自毁前程。We wanted to have a look at the ruins of Pompeii.我们想看一下庞贝城的废墟。They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged.他们设法修复了受到破坏的房子。Page No.104 高手过招 单项填空 ①I wasby that law case.I‘m a man.(2010·11·西安月考)A.ruined;ruinedB.ruined;destroying C.damaged;destroyedD.destroyed;damaging ②Many old templesruins are now being rebuilt.(原创)A.onB.byC.withD.in ①解析:选A。句意为:我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产,不名一文。ruin常用于借喻中,指损坏到了不能再使用的程度;damage不能指人,只指物;destroy指完全彻底地破坏,含有无法修复之意,也可用于借喻。第二个空应用过去分词作定语,表被动和完成之意。②解析:选D。in ruins为固定搭配,意为―处于颓废状态‖。Page No.105 6.bury vt.埋葬;掩埋;使沉浸于 联想拓展be buried alive 被活埋be buried under 为……所压倒;沉浸于,忙于bury(oneself)in 埋头于;专心于;退居于(乡间等)=be buried in bury one‘s head in the sand自欺欺人,逃避现实(来自鸵鸟的习性)The house was half buried under snow.房子一半被埋在雪中。If you continue to bury your head in the sand and refuse to recognize the fact that some of your classmates are catching up with you, it won‘t be long before you find yourself left behind.如果你再拒绝承认你的一些同班同学已经赶上来了这一事实,那么不用多久,你就会发现自己落后了。Page No.106 高手过招选词填空(burying/buried)(原创)I have a sigh, my headin my hands.buried 重点短语 7.right away 立刻,马上I‘ll return the book to you right away.我会马上还书给你。If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.如果战争爆发,我们将立即被征召服役。联想拓展 right now=at once=immediately=in no time立刻,马上Page No.107(1)解析:选D。考查短语辨析。in no time意为―片刻之后‖,而 in a flash意为―片刻之间‖。(2)I want it typed right away, please.Page No.108 8.think of 认为;考虑 联想拓展think poorly of不放在眼里;轻视think twice 再三考虑think little/nothing of轻视;忽略think much/highly of重视;看重,评价高 What do you think of...?认为……怎么样? think about考虑;回想;想起 think of考虑;记忆,记起think sth.over仔细想;谨慎思考;作进一步考虑 think sth.out认真考虑;仔细盘算 think sth.up想出,发明 Page No.109 The government thinks highly of his invention because it will benefit the whole country.政府非常重视他的发明,因为它将有益于全国人民。The foolish boss thought little of my suggestions on that project.那个愚蠢的老板根本就不重视我对那项工程的建议。He is thinking about travelling in the summer holidays.他正在考虑暑假旅游的事。I can‘t think of his name at the moment.我一时想不起他的名字。Please think over what I said.请仔细考虑我说的话。He thought out a new idea.他盘算出了一个新主意。高手过招 单项填空 ①How did you thinksuch a clever way out of difficulty?(原创)A.overB.aboutC.upD.on ②Can youa way of solving the problem?(原创)A.discoverB.invent upC.think upD.invent Page No.110 ①解析:选C。句意为:你怎样想出如此明智的办法摆脱困境?其他选项与think搭配无―想出‖之意。②解析:选C。think up在这里相当于think of,意为―考虑,思考‖。9.at an end结束,终结(= finish)联想拓展end n.&v.结事,终结 与end搭配的常用短语at the end of在……末尾 by the end of到……末为止 in the end最后,终于at a loose end无所事事;处于杂乱状态 make ends meet收支相抵The war was finally at an end.战争终于结束了。Page No.111 ①by the end of ②in the end③at the end of 10.instead of代替,而不是The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks.中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time.杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。Page No.112 易混辨析instead/instead of/in place of/take the place of instead 是副词,单独使用,用于句首或句末作状语,意为―而是,相反‖。instead of 是复合介词,后接名词、代词、或动名词,意为―代替、而不……‖。in place of 为介词短语,也是―代替、而不‖的意思,表示―以甲代乙‖,而instead of则是―用甲不用乙‖,除―代替‖外,还有对乙否定的意思,有时意为―不‖。take the place of(replace)作谓语,用在名词、代词前。高手过招 单项填空 ①—I think we should buy a new curtainthis one.—Yes.It looks a bit ugly.(2010·江西赣州一轮)A.to replace;as it is B.to in place of;nowC.to take the place of;as it was D.instead of;than that one Page No.113 ②We will go there on footby bus.What about you?(2010·11·福建福州月考)A.insteadB.instead ofC.withoutD.but ①解析:选A。to replace为不定式作目的状语。as it is意为―现在的样子‖。②解析:选B。instead of意为―用一种形式代替另一种形式‖。C项有一定干扰性,without意为―在没有……的情况下‖,因此不合题意。11.the number of 意为―……的数量、数目‖,作主语时谓语动词用单数;a number of意为―一些,很多‖,相当于 many, 后接可数名词复数,当它作主语时,谓语动词用复数。The number of competitors is limit.参赛者的数量是有限的。A number of problems have arisen.已经出现了一些问题。Page No.114 a large /great/good number of;a great/good many;a good few/quite a few+可数名词复数,意为―大量的‖;a great/good deal;a great/ large amount of;quite a little+ 不可数名词,意为―大量的‖;a lot of/lots of;a great /large quantity of;large quantities of/ plenty of +可数名词复数/不可数名词均可,意为―大量的‖。但是a great/large quantity of..., large quantities of...作主语时谓语动词与quantity形式一致。高手过招 单项填空During the past two years, the number of automobile accidents in New York Citydecreased.(2010·11·山东烟台月考)A.haveB.hasC.wasD.were解析:选B。the number of+复数名词,其主语是number,故谓语动词用单数,意为―……的数量‖。Page No.115 重点句型12.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.农家大院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。―too + adj./adv.+动词不定式‖结构简称为―too...to‖结构,在大多数情况下表示否定意义,通常可意为―太……而不能……;太……无法……‖。―too...to‖结构表示否定的常见句型有:too +adj./adv.+ to do,有时too后也可跟一个起形容词作用的过去分词。too...to/to be done形式。这是―too...to‖结构中不定式为被动式时的变体,如果主语是不定式动作的承受者,不定式既可以用主动式,也可以用被动式,此时用主动式虽然在形式上是主动的,但在意义上却是被动的。too + adj.+ a(an)+ n.+ to + v./to be done形式。这个句型在too+ adj.后再接一个带不定冠词的名词,不定冠词一定要放置于形容词后。与此同时,只有当too后形容词修饰一个可数名词时,才可以在形容词与名词间加不定冠词―a/an‖。当句子主语能发出该不定式的动作时,可以用to + v.的主动式,当主语是该不定式动作的承受者时,则用to be + v.-ed的被动式。Page No.116 温馨提示并不是所有―too...to‖结构的句子都表示否定意义,在下列情况下,―too...to‖结构可以表示肯定意义:―too...to‖结构之前带有but, only, all, never, not时,是强调肯定的表示法,意为―非常……,十分……,实在……,真是太……‖等。―too...to‖结构中带有表示某种心情或描绘性的形容词或副词,如ready,eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等加动词不定式结合成一个不可分割的状态、态度、倾向或心情等,并且其后的不定式不是说明too的具体内容,而是修饰形容词,故不定式不再表示结果。在―too...to‖结构中,不定式为否定式时,是构成的双重否定,其意为―非常/很/太/那么……不会不/必定能/所以能……‖,也不表示否定意义。Page No.117 I,m too tired to think of anything now.我太累了,什么也不能想了。The tea is too hot to drink/to be drunk.茶太热,不能喝。The shoes are too badly broken to be mended.这些鞋子破烂得不能修补。He,s too experienced an artist to mind what the critics say.(=As an artist he,s too experienced to mind what the critics say.)他是个经验非常丰富的艺术家,不会介意批评家说些什么。He is too experienced an artist to be worried by what the critics say.他是一个经验非常丰富的艺术家,不至于为批评家们的议论而担忧。I am but too glad to do so.我非常喜欢这样做。He was too anxious to do this job.他非常想做这件工作。The girl is too careful not to do it well.这姑娘很细心,完全能做好那件事。Page No.118 高手过招 单项填空—He seemstired to do it.—But I am onlyglad to do it.(2010·江苏常州一轮)A.very;tooB.extremely;too too;tooD.very;very 解析:选C。第一空为too...to 太……而不能……,第二空前有only所以too...to强调肯定,意为―非常、十分‖。13.It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日!联想拓展as if=as though意为―仿佛,像,似乎‖。通常用在be,look,seem,sound,taste,smell及feel等连系动词的后面。如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气;如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。引导方式状语从句时也要用虚拟语气。Page No.119 注意:as if(though)后面除了跟句子外,还可以跟名词、动词不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语和分词。另外,as if(though)还可以表达感叹语气,来对某项建议、假设和推测表示不赞成、惊讶、不满和厌恶等。How wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified!他的白发十分凌乱,好像触了电似的。(虚拟语气)She seems as if she is going to cry.她似乎要哭了。(陈述事实)As if anyone would believe that story!好像有人竟会相信那样的事!As if we were all stupid and he alone clever!哼,就仿佛我们都是傻瓜,只有他一个人聪明似的。He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.他举起他的手,好像要取下帽子。He behaved as if nothing had happened.他表现的好像什么也没发生。Page No.120 高手过招(1)单项填空—Will you go to the exhibition tomorrow? —Yes, I will goit,s windy.(2010·11·山东滨州月考)A.as ifB.even though C.as soon as D.as though(2)翻译句子(原创)①你像是见了鬼似的。②这个男孩向四周察看,像在寻找什么东西。(1)解析:选B。even though相当于even if,引导让步状语从句,意为―即使‖;as if(though)引导方式状语从句;as soon as引导时间状语从句。(2)①You looked as if you had seen a ghost. ②The boy looked about as if in search of something. Page No.121 14.All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。all, both, each, every, everyone, everything, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等具有总括意义的词后跟否定词not连用时,一般都表示部分否定,其中all, both, each, every无论在not之前还是之后,都表示部分否定。但如果句子中出现下列单词或短语则该句为全部否定:none of+n./pron.;neither+n./pron.;no+n.;nothing;nobody;neither;never;nowhere;neither...nor等。All that glitters is not gold.发光的不一定都是金子。Not all body languages mean the same thing in different countries.并非所有的肢体语言在不同的国家里都有相同的意思。Each machine here is not produced in our plant.这里的机器不全是我们厂生产的。Page No.122 高手过招 单项填空We couldn‘t eat in a restaurant becauseof us hadmoney on us.(原创)A.all;noB.any;no C.none;anyD.no one;any 解析:选C。考查全部否定。句意为:因为我们大家身上都没带钱,所以不能在饭店里吃饭。故选C项。Page No.123 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero 核心单词 1.quality n.[U,C]质,质量,品质;特性(既可用于描述物品,也用于描述人物)[C]性质;特性;特点 Modesty is one of his good qualities.谦虚是他的美德之一。One quality of wood is that it can burn.木料的一个特点是能燃烧。Page No.124 常用结构:high quality 优质 poor quality 劣质average quality 一般的品质Wine of high quality costs more than that of poor quality.优质的葡萄酒比劣质的葡萄酒价格要高。易混辨析quality/quantity quality 质,质量 quantity 数量;大量For study, quality often matters more than quantity.就学习而言,质量往往比数量更重要。Quantities of food were on the table.桌上摆了大量食物。There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle.瓶子里还剩下少量的水。Page No.125 高手过招完成句子(原创)①他仔细检查家具的品质。He examinedcarefully.②他具备了一个成功商人应具有的所有品质。He hasof a successful businessman.①the quality of the furniture ②all the qualities Page No.126 2.devote vt.献身;专心于 常用结构:devote oneself/one‘s energy/one‘s time to(doing)sth.奉献/精力/时间于某事sb.be devoted to(doing)sth.某人献身做某事 He devoted all his life to China‘s aviation.他的一生都奉献给了中国的航空事业。He‘s devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals.他终生献身于保护珍稀动物。He is devoted to helping the poor.他致力于帮助穷困的Page No.127 联想拓展类似于devote...to...的结构中to为介词的词组还有: object to 反对attend to 办理;照顾;注意听 look forward to 期待;盼望be opposed to 反对devote...to 贡献给……stick to 坚持lead to 导致pay attention to 注意到be related to 与……有关see to 务必做到; 负责…… refer to 提到;指的是turn to 翻到; 求助于 高手过招 单项填空The idea for the new machine came to Mr Bakerto his invention.(2010·陕西师大附中月考)A.while he was devotedB.while devoting C.while devoting himselfD.while devoted 解析:选A。考查be devoted to这一结构。注意不要误选D项,因为主句的主语the idea与从句的主语Mr Baker/he不一致,因此从句中的主语和谓语动词he was不能省略。Page No.128 3.equaladj.相同的;平等的 vt.等于,比得上 n.同等/相等的人或物He asked us to cut the apple into three equal pieces.他让我们把苹果切成三等份。None of us can equal her in intelligence.我们中没人能在智力方面比得上她。常用结构:be equal to sth./doing sth.胜任某事/ 做某事 A equals BA等于B without equal/have no equal 无与伦比/无比Are you equal to(doing)the task?你能胜任这项工作吗? Yao Ming is a basketball player without equal in China.在中国,姚明是个无与伦比的篮球运动员。Page No.129 高手过招 单项填空He doubted whether she would beto the task.(原创)equalB.similarC.familiarD.content 解析:选A。be equal to sth.胜任,符合句意。content意为―满意的,满足的‖不符句意,其他选项也均与句意不符。4.reward n.报答;酬金(为某些特殊服务提供或给予的金钱)vt.酬谢,奖赏;报应;惩罚(坏人或坏事)常用结构:as a reward(for)作为(对某事的)报酬(或奖赏)give/ offer a reward to sb.for sth.为某事而给某人报酬 in reward for 为酬答……;作为奖励……reward sb.(with...)for sth.为某事(而以……)报答…… Page No.130 易混辨析reward/award/prize reward表示―奖赏,酬谢‖,动词只能以人或人的行为作宾语,名词表示某人因做了某事而应得到某东西。award 作名词指正式或官方 ―给予,颁发,授予‖(奖章,奖金等),也可以指法庭裁决;作动词时可以跟两个宾语,award sb.sth.把某物授予/判给某人。prize只能作名词,表示―奖赏、奖金、奖品‖,尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。It‘s a reward for virtue.那是对美德的回报。It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.他工作很辛苦,报酬却很少,这不公平。How can I reward your kindness? 我如何酬谢你的好意呢?Jim rewarded the boy a pound for bringing back the lost dog.男孩把吉姆丢失的狗带了回来,为此吉姆奖赏给他一英镑。Page No.131 高手过招 单项填空 ①Martin Luther King, a great Black leader in the movement against racial discrimination, wasthe Nobel Prize for peace for his outstanding contribution to world peace.(2010·11·河南洛阳月考)A.rewardedB.givenC.awardedD.offered ②Theythe winners with gifts of fruit and flowers.(原创)A.rewardedB.awardedC.chargedD.paid ③The girl got nothing infor her kindness, which made her very sad.A.prizeB.awardC.medalsD.reward Page No.132 ①解析:选C。句意为:反对种族歧视运动的杰出黑人领袖马丁·路德·金,因其对世界和平的突出贡献而被授予诺贝尔和平奖。award指正式或官方的―授予,颁发‖。②解析:选A。考查固定搭配。句意为:他们送给获胜者水果和鲜花作为奖赏。reward sb.with...用……酬劳某人。③解析:选D。由句意可知,应该是对做好事的报答。in reward for 为……而报答。重点短语5.out of work 失业Jim has been out of work for several months.吉姆已经失业几个月了。Mary‘s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience.玛丽的手机坏了好几天了,这给她带来了很多不便。Page No.133 联想拓展in work有工作out of breath上气不接下气 out of patience 不耐烦 out of use 没用了 out of date过时out of order次序颠倒;出故障 out of control失控out of danger脱离危险out of shape变形Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见, 心不烦。高手过招用适当的介词(短语)填空(原创)①Although my computer isdate now, it's stilluse.②After the fourth operation, the patient has beendanger.①out of;in ②out of Page No.134 6.as a matter of fact事实上It was cold.As a matter of fact, it was freezing.天很冷。事实上,冷得要命。联想拓展as a matter of fact=in fact/in actual fact/actually/in reality/to tell the truth 实际上;事实to make matters worse 让事情更糟糕的是 it doesn‘t matter 没有关系 高手过招 单项填空It rained that day., our car broke down on the way.(2010·江苏泰州一轮检测)A.In factB.Actually C.To make matters worseD.To tell the truth 解析:选C。to make matters worse让事情更糟糕的是。根据句 意可知,C项符合。Page No.135 7.blow upvi.爆炸;突然严峻;大发雷霆vt.炸毁;给……充气;放大(照片)My father blew up when I didn't come home last night.我昨晚没回家,父亲大发雷霆。Stop at the gas station and we'll blow up the tyres.在加油站停一下,我们要给轮胎打气。联想拓展blow away刮走,吹走 blow down(风)刮倒blow off 吹掉;将(热水、蒸汽等)放出 blow out 吹熄;(电线)烧断blow over(暴风雨等)吹散,刮倒;(坏天气)大风平息 Page No.136 高手过招 单项填空A short circuit willthe fuse(保险丝).(原创)A.blow upB.blow off C.blow outD.blow over 解析:选C。句意为:短路会烧断保险丝。根据句意可知,答案选C。8.in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 Please telephone us when you are in trouble.遇到困难时就给我们打电话。联想拓展have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难。其中的介词 in 在口语中通常可省略。take(the)trouble to do sth.在这一结构中,其中的冠词用不用均可,但含义稍有不同:用冠词,表示不怕费事或不怕麻烦而去做某事;不用冠词,表示尽心尽力或费尽心血而去做某事。Page No.137 go to(the)trouble to do(of doing)sth.不辞辛劳做某事/费心做某事give sb.trouble/put sb.to trouble麻烦某人;打扰某人 have trouble with...有……病痛;同……闹纠纷 We had no trouble(in)finding his office.我们没费吹灰之力就找到了他的办公室。He took the trouble to show me the way to the station.他不嫌麻烦地为我去火车站而指路。He went to the trouble of finding out when our train was leaving.他费心为我们打听到了我们乘坐的火车的开车时间。I don‘t like giving trouble to people I don‘t know.我不愿意给我不认识的人添麻烦。The man often has trouble with his wife.这个男人经常与他的妻子闹矛盾。Page No.138 高手过招 单项填空Even an experienced climber canto reach the summit.(2010·河南郑州一轮检测)A.get into troubleB.make trouble ask for troubleD.take trouble over 解析:选A。句意为:即使是一个很有经验的登山者,想要到达顶峰也有可能遇到困难。句中的can表示―有可能‖。get into trouble 陷入困境,因做某事而招致惩罚,危险等;ask for trouble 自找麻烦,自讨苦吃;make trouble 引起麻烦;take trouble over sth.在某事上费心思。根据句意选A。9.turn to求助于;依赖;翻到;询问We have to turn to some bigger companies for technical help.我们不得不向一些更大的公司寻求技术援助。Page No.139 联想拓展turn against背叛turn down(音量)关小;拒绝 turn in上交turn...into...(使……)成为……turn off关掉(水源、煤气、电灯等);避开(问题等)turn on打开(水、煤气、电灯、无线电等)turn over(使)打翻/翻身/翻动/翻耕(土地)/转危为安 turn up开大;出现;找到 by turns轮流;交替 in turn依次;轮流turn out证明是;结果是Nobody will turn against his country.没有人会背叛自己的国家。Page No.140 Please turn down the television.请把电视机的音量调小点儿。He turned down my suggestion without hesitation.他毫不犹豫地拒绝了我的建议。The child picked up a purse and turned it in to the policeman.那个孩子捡到了一个钱包,然后把它交给了警察。The farmers are turning waste land into rice fields.农民们正把荒地变成肥沃的田地。Don't forget to turn all the lights off before you go to bed.在你上床之前,不要忘记把所有的灯都关上。The man turned over and went to sleep again when the telephone rang.当电话铃响的时候,那个人翻了个身,又睡着了。Page No.141 高手过招(1)单项填空 ①In the new city there wasn‘t a single personthe poor boy could turn for help.(2010·辽宁本溪月考)A.thatB.who C.from whomD.to whom ②We had a good many anxious moments, but everythingall right in the end.(2010·江苏南京一轮)A.turned downB.turned on C.turned outD.turned to(1)①解析:选D。turn to sb.for help为固定搭配,意思是―求助于‖某人。②解析:选C。turn out 在句中的意思是―变得;证明是;结果是‖,为连系动词;turn down调低;拒绝;turn on打开;turn to参考;转向;求助于。Page No.142(2)用与turn搭配的适当介词填空(原创)①The key you lost has turned.②Nothing could make the brave man turnhis motherland.③Don't rush.Please wait in line and get on the busturn.④He asked his teacher to give him the chance one more time but his teacher turned him.⑤Be sure to turn the lightswhen you leave the classroom.(2)①up ②against ③in ④down ⑤off 10.lose heart 丧失勇气或信心He failed many times, but he didn‘t lose heart.他失败了许多次,但他并没有失去信心。No matter what you do, never lose heart.不管你做什么,千万不要失去信心。Page No.143 lose one‘s job失业lose one‘s balance失去平衡 lose one‘s breath上气不接下气 lose one‘s heart(to sb./sth.)爱上 lose one‘s life丧生;遇害 lose face丢脸;受屈辱 lose hope失去希望 高手过招 翻译句子 ①不要失去信心,一切都会好起来的。②她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。①Don‘t lose heart, all will turn out well.②She lost her heart to a young soldier.Page No.144 重点句型11....only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到这个时候,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。only 修饰的时间、条件、方式状语等放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装。Only then did she realize she had made mistakes.直到那时她才意识到她所犯的错误。Only when he came back did I go to bed.当他回来的时候,我才上床睡觉。温馨提示only 放在句首修饰状语时,主句部分要倒装,修饰主语、宾语时,则不倒装。Only you understand me.只有你了解我。Page No.145 高手过招 单项填空 I failed in the final examination last term and only thenthe importance of studies.(2010·山东青岛二中月考)A.I realizedB.I had realized C.had I realizedD.did I realize 解析:选D。only then位于句首时句子用倒装结构,realize的动作在fail之后发生,故选过去时。12.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。should have done 本应该做某事(但实际上并没有做)/对过去已发生的事情的推测。ought to= should 但在语气上比should要强。Page No.146 温馨提示情态动词+have done的用法小结:must+have done 表示对过去情况的推测,只用于肯定句中,意为―一定……‖,其否定的意义用can‘t+have done表示。can/could have done 对过去已发生的情况的推测,用于疑问句或否定句中。could+have done本来有能力做而实际上没有做 needn‘t+have done本来不必做的事,实际上却做了 might have done本来可以做而实际上未做。may(might)+have done表示对过去的推测,多用在陈述句,意为―也许;可能……‖。用might 比用 may 语气更加委婉。would+have done 用于虚拟条件句中,表示与过去事实相反。He ought not to have taken the old clothes away.他不该把旧衣服带走。(事实上已带走。)The street is wet.It must have rained last night.路面是湿的,昨天晚上肯定下雨了。Page No.147 If I could have stopped, there wouldn‘t have been an accident.如果我能够停下来,事故就不会发生了。I needn‘t have gone to the office yesterday.昨天我没必要去办公室。Please don‘t do that.You might both have been caught and killed!请不要那样做。你们俩很有可能被抓住然后被杀掉!易混辨析should/ought to ①两者均有―应该‖之意,should多表示说话人主观建议,ought to多表示道义和责任。Doctors and nurses should take good care of patients.医生和护士应该仔细照顾病人。You shouldn‘t drink and drive.你不该喝了酒还开车。Page No.148 You ought to be blushed at your conduct.你应该为你自己的行为感到羞愧。②两者均可表示预测,意为―应该会,可能‖。We should/ought to arrive there before dark.我们应该会在天黑前到达那里。It‘s twelve o‘clock now.She should/ought to have already got there.现在已经12点了。她应该已经到那里了。联想拓展should的其他用法: ①虚拟从句中,表示―假如;万一‖;If you should change your mind, do let we know.如果你想要改变主意,让我们知道。In case you should need any help, here is my number.假如你需要任何帮助,给我打电话,这是我的电话号码。Page No.149 ②应该,必须She recommended that/she(should)take some time off.她建设应该休假。③表示惊讶,遗憾。It‘s strange that she should have done such a thing.她能做好这样的事情,真让人觉得奇怪。高手过招 单项填空 ①—I missed the first part of the film.It was really a pity.—Youhome half an hour earlier.(2010·福建厦门一轮检测)A.should have leftB.must have left C.should leaveD.must leave ②—Do you think he is lazy? —Iso once, but I don‘t now.(2010·浙江杭州一轮检测)A.may have thoughtB.can have thought C.may thinkD.might think Page No.150 ①解析:选A。第一句句意为:我错过了这部电影的第一部分,真遗憾。根据第一句,答句的句意应为:你本应该提前半小时出家门。故选A。②解析:选A。从答语可知,空格处的意思是―曾经这样想过‖,即对过去情况作推测,故应用―情态动词+动词完成时‖;又因为 can 表推测时不用于肯定句中,故选A。Page No.151 必修Page No.152 Unit 1 Cultural relics Page No.153 核心单词 1.survivevi.生还,幸存;流传下来;幸免vt.经历……而幸存;比……活的时间长 常用结构:survive on sth.靠……生存(意思等同于live on sth.)survive sb.(by...)比某人多活…… Page No.154 Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.在这次撞车事故受伤的6个人中,只有2个人活了下来。I can‘t survive on $20 a week.每周20美元无法维持我的生活。Few buildings in Beichuan County survived the big earthquake on May 12, 2008.在2008年5月12日的大地震中,北川县残留的建筑物寥寥无几。She survived her husband by ten years.她丈夫去世后她又活了10年。联想拓展survival n.存活,幸存;残存;遗留;旧风俗 survivor n.生还者,幸存者 Page No.155 高手过招完成句子(原创)①The old couple从战争中幸存下来).②His only chance of(生存)was a heart transplant.③In the terrible accident, there were no(幸存者).答案:①survived the war ②survival ③survivors Page No.156 2.select vt.挑选;选择 易混辨析select/choose/elect/pick out 四个词均含有―选译‖之意。select强调在广泛的范围内进行―精选或淘汰‖,侧重以客观为标准进行选择。choose为普通用词,侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择,着重指被选者的优点。elect指按照一定的规章和法律,用投票方式进行的慎重的选择。pick out为口语用词,强调―从个人角度在众多事物之中进行挑选‖,有时含有―任意选择‖的意思。Page No.157 高手过招选词填空(select/choose/elect/pick)①Pleasea good book for me.②Shea diamond ring from the collection.③Weour monitor by a show of hands.④Shethe red sweater rather than the pink one.答案:①pick ②selected ③elected ④chose Page No.158 3.design n.设计;图案;构思 vt.设计;计划;构思 常用结构:by design=on purpose有意地,故意地be designed to do...目的是做……;被打算做…… be designed for...为……而打算/设计 I like the design of that rug.我喜欢那块地毯的图案。A new highway between the two cities is being designed.这两个城市之间的一条新高速公路正在设计中。The experiment is designed to test the new drug.实验的目的是测试新的药品。The house are specially designed for the old people.这些房子是专门为老年人设计的。Page No.159 高手过招 单项填空I like the television programmeeducate not merely entertain.(2009·12·山东青州模块检测)A.designed toB.designed for C.is designed toD.is designed for 解析:选A。be designed to do...为固定搭配,意为―目的是‖,为过去分词短语在句中作后置定语,修饰名词programme。B、D两项be designed for中for为介词,后面需接v.-ing形式或名词,故排除。Page No.160 4.fancy adj.奇特的;异样的 vt.想象;设想;爱好 n.想象力;幻想;爱好 常用结构:fancy that...以为是…… fancy oneself自负,自命不凡 fancy(doing)sth.喜欢,想要(做)某事 fancy 用于感叹句中时表示―没想到,竟然‖。My sister likes to collect fancy clothes.我姐姐喜欢搜集奇装异服。I used to fancy what I would like wearing a long snow-like dress.过去我常常想象自己穿着雪白长裙的模样。Children usually have a lively fancy.Page No.161 孩子们往往拥有丰富的想象力。Many students fancy playing football.很多学生喜欢踢足球。Fancy meeting you here!真没想到会在这儿遇到你!I fancy(that)it‘s going to rain today.我看今天要下雨。答案: ①to say→saying ②to go→going Page No.162 5.consider vt.考虑;认为 常用结构:consider doing sth./sth.考虑做某事consider sb./sth.as/to be...认为;以为;觉得 consider it+adj.+to do sth...认为做某事是…… We are considering going to Canada.我们正考虑到加拿大去。We consider this(to be)very important.我们认为这非常重要。联想拓展consideration n.考虑;关心considering prep.考虑到;就……而言 take sth.into consideration考虑(某事)Considering her age, she has done very well.考虑到她的年纪,她已经做得非常好了。Page No.163 高手过招(1)单项填空Charlie Chaplin isto be one of the greatest actors in the world.(2009·02·湖北武汉一中质量检测)A.RegardedB.believed C.thoughtD.considered(2)翻译句子(原创)①你是否考虑过如何到达那里? ②他会被认为是个软弱无能的领导人。解析:(1)选D。考查词义辨析。think, regard, consider都有―看作‖的意思,然而搭配不同。think一般与of搭配,形成think of...;regard与as搭配,形成regard...as;consider可以与as搭配,形成consider...as,也可以跟不定式,形成consider sb.to do sth.的搭配。(2)①Have you considered how to get there? ②He will be considered a weak leader.Page No.164 6.worth adj.值得(做某事);有(做某事)的价值 n.价值;用处be worth doing sth.值得(做某事);有(做某事)的价值be worth sth.用于―数量、持续时间等‖的名词之后,表示某物价值多少金额。The new car cost a lot of money, but it‘s certainly worth it.买这辆新汽车花了很多钱, 但确实物有所值。The thieves stole one million pounds worth of jewellery.窃贼偷走了价值100万英镑的珠宝。Page No.165 易混辨析worth/worthy/worthwhile ―be worth+n.‖结构中,当名词为金钱时,表示―……值……钱‖。be worth doing sth.……某事值得被做―be worthy of+n./doing‖当名词为抽象名词时,表示 ―……值得……‖。be worthy to be done/be worthy of being done 某事值得被做It is worthwhile to do sth.值得做某事 It is worthwhile doing sth.值得去做某事 It is worthwhile for sb.to do/doing sth.值得某人去做某事The article is worthy of careful study.=The article is worth studying carefully.=The article is worthy of being studied carefully.=The article is worthy to be studied carefully.这篇文章值得仔细学习。Page No.166 高手过招 单项填空 ①This book is worthy oftwice.(2009·12·江苏南京月考)A.ReadingB.read C.having readD.being read ②He is well skilledplaying the piano, so his music is worth.(2009·12·山东烟台模块检测)A.with;listeningB.with;listening to C.in;listeningD.in;listening to Page No.167 解析: ①选D。be worthy 后可以用不定式的被动语态或of being done结构,而worth后用动名词的主动语态表达被动概念。②选D。be skilled in也可以用be skilled at后跟名词或动名词表示,意思是―在……方面熟练的;在……方面有能力的‖。worth意思是―值得‖,后跟动名词的主动语态表达被动概念。在句中,music作listen to的逻辑宾语,而listen为不及物动词,因此to不可以去掉。Page No.168 7.wonder n.[C] 奇迹;奇观;[U]惊奇,惊叹 vt.想知道;对……感到好奇 常用结构:in wonder惊奇地 do/work wonders创造奇迹be wonder at对……感到惊讶 be wonder about想弄明白;琢磨 It is a wonder(that)...奇怪的是……第五篇:员工培训与开发的总结员工培训与开发课培训总结一、学习感受在这次培训中老师的讲座、从如何理解新课程目标并恰当设计教学目标、认识新课程之“技术”、新课程内容的认识与梳理三个方面透彻地分析培训学科的课程建设,让我感受很深。从信息技术与课程整合课堂现状、教材处理、案例几个方面做了深入的分析,让我对课程的教学方法、模式有了新的认识。老师丰富的教学经验也让我对自己的教学内容有了新的定位。作为一名学生必须不断更新自己的学习观念,改变旧的、顺应新的利于学生发展的学习模式,不断钻研教材,学习新理念、新方法,更深入的了解自己,钻研教材教法,不断提升自己的学习水平,只有这样才能适应现代学风的需要。二、共同成长此次的培训学习,让我感兴趣的是与同学们们的互动式交流、讨论,研讨中没有虚假的恭维,只有真知灼见、真实流露;没有形式上的大话、套话,只有深入思考后的针锋相对。现场研讨,成为思维交锋、大家的观点来的更直接,更真实,在交流中达到共识。共识,在交流中提升;情感,在交流中深化,更好的促进了我们的专业成长与发展。这次培训内容丰富,学术水平高,充满着对新课程的深刻阐释,充满了教育智慧,使我们开阔了眼界,他们精彩的讲座,生动的举证,全新的理念,无不使我震撼。虽不说短短两天的培训会立竿见影,但却也有许多顿悟。老师们的学识无不使我敬畏,他们引领我在教育教学中进入了更深层次的思考,深感自己的理论素养正在成长。总之,这次培训使我对教育思想、教学观念、教育教学理论得到更新,我力争在今后的教育教学工作中做到学思结合,知行统一,不断学习、不断提高、不断创新,争取更大的进步!三.培训课的作用有人说,“长远的目光、睿智的头脑、机敏的谈吐”是商场上的三大利器。但我想,作为人类交流感情、建立友谊和开展各种活动的桥梁和纽带的商务礼仪,也同样是必不可少的第四大利器,甚至从某种程度上来说,它还要较其他利器更为重要。有人把商务礼仪看作是商务人员的敲门砖,有人称商务礼仪是商务活动的通行证,更有人直言:商务礼仪将决定着商务活动的成败。商务礼仪的作用,一言以蔽之:内强素质,外塑形象。因此,可以说,商务礼仪是从事商务活动的必备利器。具体说,商务礼仪有以下重要作用:(一)商务礼仪有助于提高商务人员的个人素质市场竞争最终是人员素质的竞争,对商务人员来说,商务人员的素质就是商务人员个人修养的表现。修养体现在细节上,细节展示素质。所谓个人素质,就是在商务交往中待人接物的基本表现,比如在商务交往中,首饰佩戴也要讲究一定的原则:必须符合身份,以少为佳,一般不多于三种,每种不多于两件,同时要注意与服装搭配的和谐。(二)商务礼仪有助于建立良好的人际关系在商务交往中,人们互相影响,互相作用,相互合作,如果不遵循一定的规范,双方就缺乏协作的基础。在众多的商务规范中,礼仪规范可以使人明白应该怎样做,不应该怎样做,哪些可以做,哪些不可以做,有利于确定自我形象,尊重他人,赢得友谊。(三)商务礼仪有助于维护商务人员和企业的形象企业的形象是由该企业的一个个员工表现出来的,好的企业形象有助于企业在激烈的市场竞争中取得有利的地位。商务人员或企业员工的形象就是他的形体外观和举止言谈在商务交往中在交往对象心目中形成的综合化,系统化的印象,是影响交往能否融洽,交往能否成功的重要因素。而商务礼仪就是塑造形象的非常重要的手段,如在人际交往中,言谈讲究礼仪使人文明;举止讲究礼仪使人高雅;行为讲究礼仪使人美好;穿着讲究礼仪使人增强自信。运用商务礼仪,可以在公众心目中塑造出良好的组织形象,使企业在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地并产生出很好的社会效应和经济效益。举世闻名的微软公司创始人比尔·盖茨,据他在哈佛大学的同学史蒂夫回忆说:大学时期的比尔·盖茨不善交际,缺乏社交热情,后来为了创办微软公司他不得不出席各种聚会和演讲会,渐渐地他开始热衷于社交活动,对社会公益事业也表现出极大的热诚,他开始认真倾听周围人对自己的评价,并不断努力提升自己的形象,使自己更具有亲和力——当然,他做到了,试想一下:如果比尔·盖茨没有努力改善形象,没有吸引并笼络到一大帮既聪明又有能力的合作者和追随者,他怎么可能缔造出称雄世界的微软帝国呢?(四)商务礼仪能增进商务人员之间的感情在商务活动中,随着交往的深入,双方可能都会产生一定的情绪体验。它表现为两种情感状态:一是感情共鸣;另一种是情感排斥。礼仪容易使双方相互吸引,增进感情,促使良好的人际关系的建立和发展。反之,如果不讲礼仪,粗俗不堪,那么就容易产生感情排斥,造成人际关系紧张,给对方造成不好的印象。(五)商务礼仪能提高商务活动的效益曾经有人说:如果可口可乐遍及世界各地的工厂在一夜之间被大火烧光的话,那么第二天世界各大媒体的头条新闻就是:各国银行及金融巨头争先恐后地向可口可乐公司贷款。因为在这个红色背景上的八个白色字母标记已经深入人心,可口可乐公司的企业形象得到了世界各国的认可。众所周知,企业形象的好坏,有两个衡量指标:知名度和美誉度。知名度,通过大量的媒体广告可以提高;美誉度,实质上由员工素质和先进的管理模式所决定。好形象源于好服务,礼仪服务就是优质服务的重要内容,它通过规范服务人员的仪容,仪表,服务用语,操作程序等,使服务质量具体化,标准化,制度化,使顾客得到一种尊重,信任和感情上的满足,一但“回头客”的比重大大增加,就会给企业带来巨大的经济效益。四.如何提高自己的修养(一)认识“秀外惠中”的人生道理一个人如果没有道德、情操、智慧、理想等内在美作为基础,那么再好的先天条件,再精心的打扮也只能是一种肤浅的美。所以一个人在注重个人仪容、仪表修饰的同时,必须不断加强自己内在素质的培养。首先,个人礼仪必须以个人修养为基础。其次,个人礼仪必须以尊敬他人为原则。再次,个人礼仪必须以长远为方针。(二)提高自身的科学文化素质要不断地学习提高自身的文化素质以提高礼仪修养。因为随着经济的不断发展,社会的进步,各行各业的素质要求越来越高。如果跟不上时代的步伐,就会被社会所淘汰,所以要不断地学习。大学生在校期间要斤抓紧时间学习各方面的知识,多读一些关于礼仪修养的书籍。在学习过程当中,要注意抓住重点,循序渐进,持之以恒,不能半途而废。(三)努力调控行为与情绪在人的一生中,会面对形形色色的问题,处理多种多样的矛盾。要创造一个和谐、融洽的人际环境,使人生更为成功,就应遵循一定的个人礼仪规范。要做到对所有的人都采取礼遇的态度,对于别人的失误或习惯、个性上的弱点应宽容对待,做到体谅、宽宏、尊重。应该避免以为已之所好人亦爱之,以为已所恶人亦厌之,有意无意强迫别人接受自己的观点或行为,与人交往应遵循以诚相待的准则,应做到相互理解、相互尊重、不即不离、信守诺言、待人以诚、宽容大度。要善于与人沟通,不能只从自己单方面的动机出发,想说什么就说什么,想怎么说就怎么说,而应遵从一定的礼仪规范,达到双方交流信息、沟通心灵的效果。要牢记人际感情能否沟通,关键取决于人的言谈举止。适度的言谈举止,得体的礼貌和风度能使交往双方感 3到轻松愉快,否则只会令人尴尬和反感。在培养一个有教养的人的过程中,训练行为与情绪的控制能力,保持优美高雅的言谈举止,养成内外和谐的个体气质是非常重要(四)让良好的修养为品质增色人们在评价一个人是否具有具有良好的修养时,往往会从他的礼仪行为上去加以检验。个人礼仪要求人们待人文明,举止有礼,与人为善,这些都是个人修养的主要内容。在社会生活中,一定要加强个人礼仪修养,让良好的修养为品质增色。首先,要安分守己,不妨碍他人。其次,要行为有序,遵守共同规则。再次,要友善待人,促进相互沟通。(五)积极参加社会实践要不断提高自己的修养就要积极参加各种社会实践活动,避免纸上谈兵。应该把学习到的礼仪知识和实践活动紧密相结合,注意从个人实际出发,灵活运用各种知识。只有通过实践活动,在实践的过程中体会知识的真正内涵,逐步融会贯通,然后转化成为自己的知识,才能 提高自身的素质。俗话说:“眼过千遍,不如手过一遍。”只有在实践中才能将知识融会贯通,也才能加深礼仪规范的领悟和理解。五.感受评价千万不要觉得这些都离我们很远,不放在心上,我们马上就要面临这些了。等一出学校,找工作,面试,哪一样不要求我们要有良好的商务礼仪。而时下,大学生的就业压力越来越大,如何才能在庞大的就业压力与挑战中拔得头筹,如何才能在面试中给主考官留下一个好印象,一直是困扰每个毕业生的最大问题。时下,很多公司在招新人,除了考虑学历,更会观察是否有良好的礼仪规范,从最基本的穿着打扮,到言谈举止,主考官可是看的很清楚呢。因此有人说礼仪是面试成功与否的重要砝码是很有道理的。良好的礼仪表现会给主考官留下最好的第一印象,进而取得他们的好感,尊重与信任,而没有什么会比信任更为重要了。而能够在面试的种种细节上表现出良好的素质,相信在与客户洽谈时也一定不会有差错,同时还能代表公司形象。良好礼仪同时还是人际关系的润滑剂。现代企业强调团队精神,而礼仪可以促进这一力量。好的商务礼仪在人际交往中会给人一种亲和力,增进吸引和情感交流,增强信任和了解。当初刚接触商务礼仪的时候,还对这门课程很懵懂,只觉得这是门简单的学科,也没有什么用处,顺利拿到学分就好了。但是学习了它之后,让我越来越重视它,多希望自己能够掌握全部的礼仪知识,因为它使我提升了自己,慢慢的我融进了这门课程。现在学期快结束了,说真的,还真舍不得。对老师的印象也很深,幽默,有亲和力,并且可以贯穿很多课外 4知识,也拓展了我们的知识面。通过学习商务礼仪,让我受益匪浅。我想这对我为人处世方面及以后找工作会有很大帮助!不仅给别人留下好的印象,而且提高了我的内在素质,也塑造了我的外在形象,增进了交往„„ 下载Web前端开发培训中es5与es6语法知识点总结.doc 将本文档下载到自己电脑,方便修改和收藏,请勿使用迅雷等下载。 点此处下载文档 文档为doc格式 相关专题 web前端培训学习总结 web前端开发实训总结 web前端项目实训总结 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