第一篇：英语初一下册Unit 8教案
编写时间20 年
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执行时间20 13 年
May 月 11 日。总序第 个教案
new 课 Unit 8 Is there a post 共
课时 课型
题 第 课时
office near here? Section A(1a-2d)
教 学 目 标 1)能掌握以下单词：post, office, post office, police, police station, hotel, restaurant, bank, hospital, street, pay, near, across, across from, front, in front of, behind, town, around 能掌握以下句型：
1.①
—Is there a hospital near here?
—Yes, there is.②
The pay phone is across from the library.③ The pay phone is between the post office and the library.2)能了解以下语法：
—— Where 引导的特殊疑问句及其答语。
——学会There is / are…。Is/are there..的句型及用法。2.情感态度价值观目标：
① 通过运用简单的问路和引路的交际用语，学会相互合作，培养乐于助人的精神。
② 通过运用问路和引路的交际用语，帮助各个层次的同学树立自信心，敢于用英语进行交际.重 点 难 点 1.教学重点：
①Where 引导的特殊疑问句。
②there be 句型的肯定式、一般疑问句及其回 ③方位介词的用法。
2.教学难点：
方位介词的用法。
教学Task based teaching 策 略 教学活动
课前、课中反思
Ⅰ.Lead-in:
T: Hello, everyone, please think about prepositions for position
S: in, on……
T: Good, today we are going to learn other prepositions for position and several nouns.Please look at the following new words.post, office, post office, police, police station, hotel, restaurant, bank, hospital, street, pay, near, across, across from, front, in front of, behind, town, around At first, ask a few students to try to read them, then the teacher corrects their pronunciations.Ⅱ.Presentation: 1.T: Hello, class, how to ay about a general question and negative of “there be”
S: When it is a general question, “be” should be put in the first word of a sentence.When it is negative, it should add “not” behind “be”.T: T: Excellent, then please think about What a positive answer and a negative answer are? S: A positive answer is “Yes, there is “or “Yes, there are.” A negative answer is “No, there isn’t “, or “No, there aren’t.” T: Good.Now please finish the following exercises: 1)There ______(be)a lot of books on the desk.2)There ____(be)a bank and two ___(library)on the street.3)______ ________(有)a post office near here? Ⅲ.Listening:
T: Now let’s listen to the tape, and circle the places you hear in 1a.(听力指导：做好听力题的两个关键：一是听前看图片或者文字材料；二是听时抓住关键词。)Listen again: finish the following dialogues: 2 Conversation 1: A: Is there a restaurant ____ on Bridge Street?
B: Yes, _________ ________.Conversation 2: A: _______ there a post office ________ here?
B: Um, Yes, there ______.___________ one on Long Street.Conversation 3: A: Is there a ______________ on Center Street?
B: No, __________ _______.IV.Listening: 1.Work on 2a;
T: Now, look at 2b, listen and fill in the blanks with the words in the box.The students check the answers.2.Check the answers: Ⅶ.Pair work
1.Ask the Ss to ask and answer questions about the places in 1a on page 43.Ⅷ.Role-play
1.Ask Ss to look at the conversations in 2d.Then Ss read the conversations by themselves and try to find out difficulties and suspicious.2.1.across from 意为“在„„对面”
e.g.The bank is across from our school.银行就在我们学校对面。
【拓展】 across 作介词，意为“从一边到另一边；横过”。e.g.Can you swim across the river? 你能游过这条河吗？ 2.in front of 意为“在„„前面”（在某范 围之外）
e.g.There is a car in front of the house.在房子前一辆小汽车。【辨析】in the front of “在„„前面”（在 某范围之内）e.g.There is a table in the front of the classroom.在教室的前面有一张桌子。
3.next to 意为“紧靠着；紧挨着；贴近”
e.g.The little boy is next to his mother.小男孩紧挨着他的母亲。
【辨析】next to与near的区别
从空间讲near 只表示“在„„附近”；而next to有“紧挨着”之意；next to比near靠的更近。
如：Peter sits next to Mike.彼特紧挨着迈克坐。
Peter sits near Tom.彼特坐在汤姆附近。
4.How can I help you? 需要我帮忙吗？ 表示向他人伸出援手，主动提出帮助的意思，此句还可说成：How can I help you?或How may I help you?
类似的句子还有： May I help you?
Do you need any help?
Is there anything I can help(you)with?
What can I do for you? Homework:
1.Write down the new words in this class.2.用今天所的学介词（near, next to, in front of, behind, between…and）来写五个句子，描述一下你生活中常见的单位的位置。
板书设计：
Section A(1a-2d)Sentences：
1.—Is there a hospital near here?
—Yes, there is.2.The pay phone is across from the library.3.The pay phone is between the post office and the library.4.It’s not too far from here.5.I can walk with you.With----preposition 课
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New 课 共
课型 Section A(Grammar 题 课时
第 2
Focus-3c)课时
教 1)能掌握以下单词：north 学
2)继续练习there be 句型的一般疑问句及其肯定与否定回答，学习以目
标 where 引导的特殊疑问句的构成，能掌握以下句型：
①Is there a bank near here? Yes, there is.It’s on Center Street.②Are there any restaurants near here? Yes, there’s one in front of the post office.③Where’s the hotel? It’s behind the police station.④ Where’s the bank? It’s next to the post office.⑤ Where’s the park? It’s across from the bank, behind the hotel.⑥Where are the pay phones? They’re between the post office and the library..情感态度价值观目标：
By asking for and giving directions on the street to enhance our logical expression and interpersonal skills.重1.教学重点： 点
难there be 句型的一般疑问句及其肯定与否定回答，以where引导的特殊疑问点 句的构成。
2.教学难点：
Ask for and give directions on the street.教Task based teaching 学策略
教学活动
Ⅰ.Lead-in: T: Hello, class, last lesson we studied some prepositions about
课前、课中反思 position, such As: around, behind……, this class, we are going to learn other new words about asking the way.Now please look at them.along, go along, turn, right, left, turn, right, crossing, neighborhood Ⅱ.Grammar focus and revision 1.Review the grammar box.Ask students to say the questions and answers.Ask students to circle these words in the grammar focus section of their books: such as: on, across from, next to, between…..and.2.学生阅读Grammar Focus中的句子，然后做填空练习。
① 附近有银行吗？_____________________在中心街上。_________________________________ 附近有餐馆吗？
________________ 在邮局前面有一家。________________________________ ③
旅馆在哪里? ___________________ 它在公安局后面。______________________ 3.Ss check the answer with their partners.4.Give Ss six more minutes to try to remember the sentences.T: Wonderful, now please look at 3a.3.探究学习there be句型
⑴ There be...句型表示的是“某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其句式结构：
1.There be(is，are)+名词+地点状语 否定句：There isn’t / aren’t…
一般疑问句：Is/ Are + 主语 +…?
肯定回答：Yes, there is/are.否定回答：No, there isn’t/aren’t.⑵ There be 句型中的主谓一致原则
There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后面的主语在人称和数上保 6
持一致。
如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is”。
如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are”。
如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语
在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的“就近原则”。Ⅲ.Practice: Look at 3a, pay attention to the questions in the box.Ask students to read it out loud.Look at the map and answer the questions.1.Where is the bank?
_____________________________________ 2.Is there a restaurant on North Street?
_____________________________________ 3.Where’s the pay phone?
_____________________________________ 4.Where’s the post office?
_____________________________________ 5.Is there a hospital near the pay phone?
______________________________________ Learn by heart the following phrases, write them down on the book.1）in the neighborhood在附近地区 2）go straight 直走 3）turn left
向左转
4）turn right 向右转 5）on the left 在左边
6）on the right在右边
Ⅳ．Practice:
Look at 3b.Ask the students to pay attention to the picture of 3a and write
three sentences.7 Ⅴ.Guessing game:
Ask the students to the picture in 1a on page 43.Then ask students to name all the buildings in the picture.Have the students work in groups.One person chooses a building in the picture of 1a, but doesn't tell anyone which building it is.The others ask questions like those in the activity 3c until they guess which building it is.Several students can take turns to choose the building, the others will guess.VI.Exercise: 完成下列句子。1.火车站在公园对面。
__________________________________ 2.餐馆紧挨着邮局。
__________________________________ 3.在银行前有一个投币电话。
______________________________________ 4.在医院后面有一个公园。
_________________________________ 5.在公安局附近有一个超市吗？
______________________________________ Homework: 1.Remember the sentences in the Grammar Focus.2.用所学的介词描述在你所在地周围这些场所的位置。
post office, police station, school, bus station
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New 课 共
课时 课型 Section B 1a-2c 题 第 3 课时
教 1.语言知识目标： 学
1)能掌握以下单词：spend, spend time, climb, road, often, air, sunshine, 目
标 free, enjoy, enjoy reading, easily, money 2)能掌握以下句型：
① I like to spend time there on weekends.② I love to watch the monkeys climbing around.③ It is very quiet and I enjoy reading there.④ You can get to the library easily.⑤ The best things do not need money.2.情感态度价值观目标：
① 通过运用简单的问路和引路的交际用语，学会相互合作，培养乐于助人的精神。
② 通过三个同学对自己住处的描述，培养学生爱自己家乡爱祖国的情感。
重点 难点 ：
：1.教学重点：
1)Words and expressions.2)Important sentences in 2b.2.教学难点
表示方位介词的理解与正确运用及指路的表达方式。
教学策 略 教学活动
Task based teaching
课前、课中反思 Ⅰ.Warming-up and revision 1.Make a dictation of the new words and phrases of Section A.2.Look at the picture of 3a.Get the students to be different pairs to ask and answer ways Ⅱ.Learn the new words T: Please look at the new words;let’s find out whose pronunciation is the best in my class.Ask the students to try to pronounce one by one, then the teacher correct it.Ⅲ.Practice Look at 1a.The teacher asks the Ss who could put the three phrases into English, then let the Ss match the words in the box with the signs, and see who does the best and most quickly.Ⅳ.Listening Look at 1a and 1b.1.T asks the Ss to listen and write the correct place for each letter in the picture.2.Listen again.Fill in the blanks.Check the answers.Ⅴ.Group work Look at the picture of 1b.1.Divide the Ss into groups.Each group has two students.2.T: Now please imagine you and your partner are the two people in the picture in 1b.Ask and answer questions about the places.Ⅵ.Explanation: Look at 2a and 2b.1.The teacher asks the Ss to check the places near your home.Tell your partner where they are.2.The teacher asks the Ss to find out difficulties.3.Explanation: a).in my neighborhood 在我家附近
b).I like to spend time there on weekends.我喜欢周末在那里度过时光。（提示：spend 后跟动词的ing形式）
c)I love to watch the monkeys climbing around.我喜欢观看猴子们 10 在周围爬树。
观看某人正在做某事 watch somebody doing
d)To get there, I usually walk out and turn right on Bridge Road.为了到达那里，我通常走出去在Bridge Road向右拐。To get there 在本句中为目的状语。
f)You can get to the library easily.你可以容易地到达图书馆。Easily 是副词，在这里修饰动词get.4.Ask the Ss to read aloud the passage, and learn the important sentences by heart.Ⅶ.Reading 1.Fast Reading: Read the passages and match each passage with a map.Ss read and match.Then check the answers.2.Careful Reading Work on 2c:
The teacher asks the Ss read passages again and answer the questions.Ss read the passage and try to answer the questions.Check the answers with the class.Choose the best student’s answer, and then read them in class.Homework
1.Write down the new words and sentences.2.Write a composition about your family address and buildings around 课 后 反 思
a).in my neighborhood 在我家附近
b).I like to spend time there on weekends.我喜欢周末在那里度过时光。（提示：spend 后跟动词的ing形式）c)I love to watch the monkeys climbing around.我喜欢观看猴子们在周围爬树。观看某人正在做某事 watch somebody doing d)To get there, I usually walk out and turn right on Bridge Road.为了到达那里，我通常走出去在Bridge Road向右拐。To get there 在本句中为目的状语。f)You can get to the library easily.你可以容易地到达图书馆。Easily 是副词，在这里修饰动词get.11 编写时间20
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Practice 课 共
课时 课型 Section B 3a-Self Check 题 第 4 课时
教 1.语言知识目标： 学
1)复习方位词及词组的表达方式。目
标 2)熟练掌握如下特殊疑问句：
① Where do you live? ② What is your favorite place in your neighborhood? Why? ③ How do you get there from your home? 2.情感态度价值观目标：
1)学会提供帮助的一些日常用语。
2)学会关注他人，关注社会，多做有益于他人和社会的好事情。
重点 难点 ：
二、教学重难点
1.教学重点：
1).there be 句型的一般疑问句及其肯定与否定回答，以where, what, how引导的特殊疑问句的构成.2).掌握如下句型：
① I enjoy playing Chinese chess with my grandpa.② We sometimes watch the neighbor’s cats climbing the trees.2.教学难点：
1)学会阐述某一场所各个建筑物之间的位置关系，并能利用地图向他人介绍自己所居住的社区。
2)My grandma makes the foods I like.：
Task based teaching
课前、课中反思 教学策 略 教学活动
Ⅰ.Warming-up and revision T: Hello, class, so far we have learnt the new words and sentences in Unit 8, now let’s have a dictation about the words and sentences.Ⅱ.Presentation Look at 3a.Ask the Ss look at the map of Cindy’s neighborhood and fill in the blanks.Then check the answers.Ⅲ.Writing
Look at 3b, ask the Ss to draw a map of your neighborhood and write about it with the help of the following sentences.After writing it, correct the answers in groups, choose the most excellent answers to read in class at last.① Where do you live? ② What is your favorite place in your neighborhood? Why? ③ How do you get there from your home? Ⅳ.Self Check 1 1.Have a competition: Look at Self Check 1.See who will finish the passage with the words in the box at first.Correct the answers: free, enjoy, climbing, spend.2.Ask the Ss to find out difficulties in the passage, and then the teacher explains them.a)My grandma makes the foods I like.我奶奶做我喜欢吃的食物。本句中的I like 为后置定语从句，修饰先行词foods, 此句只要求学生理解即可。
b)We sometimes watch the neighbor’s cats climbing the trees.观看某人正在做某事，watch somebody doing something 观看某人做事的全过程应为watch somebody do something Ⅴ.Self Check 2
Tell the Ss to write five sentences about your school using “there is /are, there are some trees in my school.” Then check and correct 13 them in groups.Ⅵ.Writing: Imagine you are one of the two people in the picture on page 46.You have to tell others how to get to the supermarket of library, please write a composition.Homework
1.Review the new words and sentences of this unit.2.Make a conversation to introduce your favorite places.板书设计：
Section B 3a-Self Check ① Where do you live? ② What is your favorite place in your neighborhood? Why? ③ How do you get there from your home? ④My grandma makes the foods I like.我奶奶做我喜欢吃的食物。本句中的I like 为后置定语从句，修饰先行词foods, 此句只要求学生理解即可。
⑤We sometimes watch the neighbor’s cats climbing the trees.观看某人正在做某事，watch somebody doing something 观看某人做事的全过程应为watch somebody do something
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第二篇：冀教版八年级下册英语Unit8教案
Unit 8 Save Our World 石泉四中英语教研组
单元备课：
一、本单元语言知识
（1）本单元应掌握的词汇：
Yard, rubbish, bit ,bag, less, environment, least, waste, fix, sort, metal, heaven, weight, truck, object, picnic, mend, must, repair, more, most, bad, litter, seat（2）本单元接触的词汇：save, garbage, pollution, reusable, pollute, leak, litre, leaky, tap, recycle, plastic, packaging, tear, cassette, deck, buzz, exactly, reuse, power, can, clean-up, lid（3）词组和句型
clean up, pick up, a bit of, finish doing… , get to work, throw away, take out, turn off, leak out, take a walk, have a fit , a little bit, sort…into… , take a trip, Good heavens!（4）功能意念：Offering help提供帮助。(5)语法：Object clauses 宾语从句；
二、语言技能
听：1.听懂关于环境问题的谈话和描述，并提取有关信息；
2.以词或者词组的形式记录有关信息；
说：1.就有关地理方面的话题提供信息，表达自己的观点，参与讨论； 2.有效询问信息，合作完成任务；
读：
1.连贯、流畅的读课文；
2.利用字典来阅读课外书，从而丰富自己的知识。
写：1.利用所获取的信息来写作；
2．掌握根据所给的表格或图示写出简单的段落；
三、学习策略：1.出不利用图书馆和网络上的学习资源；
2.使用简单的工具书查找信息；
3．总结所学语言材料中的语言规律并加以利用； 4.善于抓住英语交际的机会。
四、情感态度
1．在学习中敢于用英语表达自己的看法；
2.写出简短的文段，如简单的指令、规则等；
3.在教师的帮助下或以小组讨论的方式起草修改作文；
4.乐于接受并了解异国文化。
五、文化意识
1.了解并学习关于环境保护的的初步知识，开阔视野；
2.了解自己所生活的城市、国家的环境污染问题，培养责任感。
六、课时安排：八课时+两课时总结复习
Lesson 57: Let’s Clean Up!
Teaching Content:
Mastery words and expressions: yard, rubbish, pick up, bit, a bit of, big Oral words and expressions: garbage, pollution, finish doing, get to work Teaching Aims: 1.Let the students understand to protect our environment is our duty.2.We should keep our school yard clean.Teaching Important Points: 1.Know how many ways we can say “garbage”.2.Talk about the destroy of the rubbish.Teaching Difficult Points: Some words and expressions, such as: pick up, clean up Teaching Preparation: pictures Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure: Step1.Come to “TALK ABOUT IT.”
Step2.Show the new words to the students.Let the students read the words first.Then let them read after the tape.Step3.Listen to the tape and do Exercise 3 in activity book.Step4.Read the text and check the answers silently.At the same time, answer the following questions: 1.Where are Jenny, Brian and Danny? 2.How’s the weather?
3.What do English people call “rubbish”? 4.What is Jenny studying in class this week? 5.What does the teacher think of Jenny’s idea?
Step5.Read the text in roles loudly.Then let some students act it out in front of the class.Step6.Practice Explain some language points to the class.Then ask the students to make up sentences with them.1.But look at all of the rubbish!2.Somebody should pick up that garbage!3.It would take too long.4.Each student could clean up a bit of the school yard.5.We would finish cleaning in an hour.Step7.Come to “LET’S DO IT.”
Work in teams with three or four people.Let some students act their dialogue out in front of the class.Step 8.Homework 1.Finish off the exercises in activity book.2.Go on the next reading in the student book.Summary: This lesson is close to our life.Try to take the students out of the classroom and show the garbage to them.Then let them say what they feel about the garbage.Ask them to act the dialogue out in
the school yard.Advice the students to pick up the garbage and clean up the school yard.Lesson 58: Stop Pollution Teaching Content: Mastery words and expressions: less, environment, throw away, least, take out, waste, fix, toilet Oral words and expressions: reusable, pollute, leak, litre, leaky, sink, tap, recycle, save, take out, turn off, leak out Teaching Aims: 1.This lesson focuses on the environment issues.2.It presents some solutions to the problems that pollution poses.Teaching Important Points: 1.It presents thought-provoking facts and figures abut pollution in North America.2.Call on the students to take personal action to reduce pollution.Teaching Difficult Points: Find more solutions to protect our environment.Teaching Preparation: pictures Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure: Step1.Come to “THINK ABOUT IT.”
Step2.Show the new words to the class.First let them read them by themselves.Then read them after the teacher.Practice the words for a while.Step3.Talk about the questions: Show some pictures about our environment to the class.Let the students work in three or four to finish the task.1.What do you think our environment? 2.What can we do to reduce pollution? 3.Do you know anything about the environment in foreign countries? Can you give an example? Step4.Listen to the tape and finish Exercise 2 in activity book.1.In North America, many students help their school make more pollution.2.In an environment club, people work together to make the environment clean.3.Environment clubs encourage students to bring their lunches in plastic bags.4.They give prizes to the classes that make the least garbage.5.On a no-car day, only teachers come to school by car.No students come to school by car.6.A leaking toilet can waster twenty to forty litres of water an hour.7.In environment clubs, students don’t fix leaky toilets and sinks.8.A hundred kilograms of recycled paper saves seventeen trees.Step5.Read the text in silence.Check the answers.Then let the students read the text in class loudly.Step6.Analyze the text and make a further discussion about it.Let’ s discuss its details.1.What do people in an environment club do? 2.On no-car day, how do people come to work? How do students come to school? 3.What do you know about a leaking toilet? Step7.Come to “LET’S DO IT.”
Step8.Homework 1.Finish off the exercises in activity book.2.Go on the next reading in the student book.Summary: It is a subject that is close to the student life about how to stop pollution.We must give examples in students’ daily life.Discuss with the students: how to reduce waste paper;how to save water;how to save money.Lesson 59: Let’s look at Garbage!
Teaching Content: Mastery words and expressions: sort, metal, weight, percent Oral words and expressions: plastic, packaging Teaching Aims: 1.Call on the students to take actions to protect our environment.2.Learn about the pollution problems in our life.Teaching Important Points: 1.Offering help.2.Learn new vocabulary for describing materials and for comparing qualities.Teaching Difficult Points: Describe materials and comparing qualities.Teaching Preparation: pictures Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures Teaching Procedure: Step1.Remind the students:
1.What kinds of rubbish do you throw every day? Can you name them? 2.What can be recycled? Step2.Work in groups.Let the students go to the dustbin to collect some garbage and take them to the classroom.Ask the students name them and compare the qualities.Let the students look up the books and the dictionaries when they are in trouble.Help them when they can’t express correctly.Step 3.Listen to the tape finish Exercise 2 in the activity book.1.Every year, each person in North America makes about 1000 kilograms of garbage.2.Plastic makes the most garbage.3.In just one day, Americans throw out 136 million kilograms of packaging.4.Packaging makes the most garbage.5.People often use packaging, and they never throw it away.6.About the percent of packaging is plastic.7.Each day, Americans throw out ten thousand small cars.Step4.Read the text and check the answers.Let the students read the text in roles.Then ask several students to act out the dialogue.Step5.Come to “PROJECT”.Bring the students to pick up the garbage in the school yard.Put the garbage into bags and bring it to school for our project.Take a walk around your neighbourhood, take a bag with you and pick up any garbage you see.Wear gloves, because garbage in dirty.Now sort the garbage into paper, plastic, metal, glass and others.Then compare the garbage in school yard with that in neighbourhood.Have students work in the same groups or in new groups.Each group will make a poster about what things they can do to help reduce pollution in the world.Step6.Homework 1.Finish off the exercises in activity book.2.Go on reading in the next book.Summary: We all think the garbage is dirty.In order to increase the students’ interests, we have to face the garbage and sort it in groups.When we do this, we can find many people are wasting things around us.Learn to recycle things with the students.Let’s see how many new things we can make out of it.Lesson 60: Fix and Mend Teaching Content: Mastery words and expressions: mend, must, touch, repair Oral words and expressions: tear, cassette, deck, buzz, exactly, reuse, power Teaching Aims:
1.Learn about the knowledge of environment.2.Tell the students to save and protect the resources is our duty.Teaching Important Points: 1.In order to save our environment, we should fix and mend something in our daily life.2.Feel the beauty of music.Teaching Difficult Points: Some words and expressions, such as: fit, fix, mend Teaching Preparation: pictures Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching procedure: Step1.Ask the students the questions:
What do you do when your pants have a hole? What do you do with when your shoes have a tear? Work in pairs and discuss the questions.They can ask many other questions.Then let them give a report to the class.Step2.Listen to the tape.Feel the rhythm of the song.Step3.Read the song as a lyric poem.Let the students read after you.Then let them read and translate it.They must add their feelings in it.Step4.Listen to the tape again.Let’s sing after it.Step5.Ask some volunteers to come to the front and act it out.Step6.Practice
Work in groups of three or four.Give examples of the things that we can do around us.Discuss and give a report to the class.Step7.Come to “LET’S DO IT.” Step8.Homework 1.Finish off the exercises in activity book.2.Go on the next reading in the student book.Summary: In order to save our environment, we must do the little things around us.Let the students search on the Internet to get more information about waste.If we all save sources, we can get more energy form the nature.Tell the students to save water is an important thing in our life.Water is the most important source.We cant’ live without water.Lesson 61: What Was in the Bags? Teaching Content:
Mastery words and expressions: more, most, bad, litter Oral words and expressions: a little bit Teaching Aims: 1.Build the belief to save our earth.2.Cultivate the feelings of responsibilities.Teaching Important Points: 1.Learn new vocabulary for describing materials and for comparing quantities.2.Learn common expressions for offering assistance.Teaching Difficult Points:
New words and phrases to compare quantities.Teaching Preparation: garbage
Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, garbage Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure: Step1.Take out the garbage and put it on the floor.Let’s discuss what we can reuse and recycle.Ask the students work in their groups and imagine what we can do with it.Give a report to the class.Step2.Listen to the tape and finish Exercise 2 in activity book.Danny and Jenny are very _______ to know that people throw ______ _______ waste things away.Danny finds a _______ ______.One of the ________ is broken.He will take it _______ and _______ it.After he _______ it, he will give it to_________ _______, Debbie.________ should throw away a toy like tat.It’s not _______ to waster things.A lot of the ______ is broken.That’s bad!Once Danny _______ his foot on a piece of broken glass.Step3.Read the text and check the answers.Let the students it loudly in class.Then read it in roles.Step4.Use the garbage we have brought to the class.Act the dialogue out in front of the class.Step5.Practice some words and expressions: too much, more…than…, most, less…than… too much:
S1: There is too much garbage in the school yard.S2: There was too much rain last summer.more…than…
S3: I have more glass than metal.S4: they have more dresses than pants.most S5: Who has the most paper? less…than…
S6: Do you have less plastic than metal? Step6.Practice Do Exercise 3 in activity.Fill in the blanks according to the text.There are 10 kilograms of paper, 8 kilograms of plastic, and 5 kilograms of metal.There ______ 3 kilograms of glass.So there is ______ paper than plastic, and ______ metal than plastic.Glass is the ______.Paper is the ______.Some of _______ is only use on ______ side.We can ______ it.Step7.Discuss the text in detail.1.Is the garbage in the book the same as that we collect in the school yard? 2.What can we use the garbage to do? 3.What do you feel about the garbage? Step8.Come to “LET’S DO IT”.Step9.Homework 1.Finish off the exercises in activity book.2.Go on the next reading in the student book.Lesson 62: Take Short Showers!Teaching Content: Oral words and expressions: can, take showers, make…into… Teaching Aims:
1.Know about the pollution in our country.2.We all should take care of our environment.Teaching Important Points: 1.How do you think the pollution in our country? 2.What should we do to stop pollution? Teaching Difficult Points: Some words and expressions Teaching Preparation: pictures Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure:
Step1.Come to “THINK ABOUT IT.”
Step2.Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks: Our city is clean, but I think we _____ things.I think we waste ______ the most.People waste water, ______.I try not to waste water.I take short ______.A bike ______ make any pollution.It makes the _____ pollution of all types of transportation.Buses make ______ pollution, but ______ of people can travel on a bus.Buses make ______
pollution than cars.Step3.Read the text silently and check the answers.Then read it again and finish the exercises in activity book.1.Why does Liu Yan worry about pollution too much? Because ______.A.She doesn’t like Dalian
B.the air and water are clean in Dalian
C.people don’t throw garbage on the ground
D.Both B and C 2.What do people in Dalian waste most? A.Glass
B.Paper
C.Metal
D.Plastic 3.How often does a truck pick up the cans and cardboard? ________.A.Every day
B.Every week
C.Never
D.Twice a week 4.What does Liu think can make the most pollution? _______.A.Cars
B.Big factories
C.Bikes
D.Both A and B 5.What makes the least pollution of all types of transportation? _______.A.Cars
B.Buses
C.Bikes
D.Ships 6.How does Liu Yan go to school every day? _______.A.On foot
B.By bike
C.By car
D.By bus Step4.Play the tape again.Let the students read after it for several times.Ask the students to read the text loudly in class.Step5.Practice Work in groups.Discuss the following questions.1.What do you think of the city in which you live? 2.What’s your advice to stop pollution? 3.What’s your plan to reduce pollution? Step6.Come to “LET’S DO IT!” Step7.Homework 1.Finish off the activity book.2.Go on the next reading in the student book.Summary: There are many kinds of pollution.We know air pollution, water pollution and air pollution.It’s very bad for our life.We must do something to reduce the pollution from the three ways.According to the real situation, make a certain plan with the students.We must remember to carry it out as time goes on.Lesson 63: Garbage Is Interesting!Teaching Content: Mastery words and expressions: take a walk, seat Oral words and expressions: can, clean-up, lid, sort…into…, take a trip Teaching Aims: 1.Call on the students to protect the environment.2.Think about many ways to reduce pollution.Teaching Important Points: 1.Sum what we learn in this unit.2.Learn the knowledge of protecting environment.Teaching Difficult Points: Grasp the ways to reduce the pollution.Teaching Preparation: pictures Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures Type of lesson: new lesson Teaching Procedure: Step1.Let the students sum what we learn in this unit.Ask them to repeat the main idea, but not word by word.Step2.Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks according to the text.On Tuesday, we started a school yard clean-up.We all took bags and worked _______.We picked up all the _______.On Wednesday, Brian, Danny and I took a _______ through our neighbourhood.We _______ up any garbage we _______.Danny found a ______ car with a broken wheel.He took it home, cleaned it and ______ it.The next day, we _______ all the garbage into plastic, metal, glass and _______.Most of garbage was paper.People ________ a lot of paper.Step3.Read the text silently and check the answers.Then read it again and do the exercises.Read the diary and answer true(T)or false(F).1.Jenny learned something about geography this week.2.On Tuesday, Jenny and her friends started a school yard clean-up.3.On Thursday, Danny found a toy car with one broken wheel.4.On Thursday, they took their bags of garbage to school and sorted all of it.5.Most of the rubbish was plastic.6.They didn’t know how garbage is recycled.7.Today, Danny made a car out of garbage.8.Danny used pieces of wood for the car’s body and cardboard box for the car’s seats.Step4.Analyze the text with the students.Discuss the main idea of this text.Let the students sum some language points and practice in class.Step5.Ask the students show what they have make out of the garbage.Present them to the class.Explain to the students how them work.Demonstrate in the class.Step6.Talk about what do you feel about our environment.After they learn the text, what do they want to do? What are they doing these days? Step7.Come to “LET’S DO IT!” Step8.Homework 1.Finish off the exercises in activity book.2.Write a composition about the pollution.Remember to write: how to save the earth?
Summary: Writing is very important in learning English.How to save the earth is a subject that has much to say.They can use the Internet when they are in trouble.The teacher helps them when they can’t express themselves.Lesson 64: Unit Review Teaching Content:
Mastery words and expressions from Lesson 57 to Lesson 63.Oral words and expressions form Lesson 57 to Lesson 63.Teaching Aims: 1.Learn to save the sources and the earth.2.Reducing pollution is our duty.Teaching Important Points: 1.Learn some words and expressions about the materials and quantities.2.Learn to sort and recycle the garbage.Teaching Difficult Points: Create the feelings of loving our country and the earth.Teaching Preparation: pictures Teaching Aids: audiotape, flashcards, pictures Type of lesson: review lesson Teaching Procedure: Step1.Play the audiotape.Let’s sing the song in this unit together.At the same time, show some pictures of fixing and mending to the students.Step2.Talk about the meaning of saving our environment and reducing the pollution.Work in groups and talk freely.Then all the students in the groups sum their ideas on a piece of paper.Then give a report in class.Step3.Practice the main grammar: the Object Clause Let some students come to the front and write their sentences on the blackboard.Ask them to explain them in English.Step4.Review some language points in this unit.The styles are making up sentences or making dialogues.Step5.Do with the exercises in this lesson.Discuss some difficulties on the blackboard together.Step6.Come to “Do you know”.Show the sentences or pictures with the flash.Then sum the grammars.Step7.Homework 1.Finish off the exercises in activity book.2.Practice the speaking language in this unit.Summary: When the teachers show some pictures of waste and pollution to the students.It is easy to stimulate the students’ interests.They also have much to say.What should they do? What actions can save our earth? Encourage them to image and do what they should do from now on.
第三篇：七年级英语下册Unit8 Topic1 Section D教案
七年级英语下册Unit8 Topic1 Section D教案
Section D needs 1 period.Section D需用1课时。
The main activities are 1a and 4.本课重点活动是1a和4。Ⅰ.Aims and demands目标要求
1.Learn some new words and phrases:
everything, come back to life, come out, be busy doing sth., leaf, wind, strongly, report
2.Learn some useful expressions about the seasons.Everything comes back to life.Trees turn green and flowers come out.It often rains and sometimes it rains heavily.It’s cool and the leaves fall from the trees.The wind blows strongly, and sometimes it snows.3.Talk about the weather and temperature.Beijing is sunny.The high temperature is 10℃ and the low temperature is 2℃.Ⅱ.Teaching aids 教具
多媒体课件/录音机
Ⅲ.Five-finger Teaching Plan 五步教学方案
Step 1Review 第一步复习(时间:10分钟)
复习询问天气的功能用语。
让学生们用本话题所学重点句型编一个有关天气和季节的对话，给三分钟时间准备，自觉上前来表演，表现好者给予鼓励。T: Now.Let’s congratulate the winners.(学生向获胜者鼓掌。)
Step 2Presentation 第二步呈现(时间:11分钟)
出示多媒体课件，呈现1a, 完成1b。掌握描述四季的差异的表达方法。
1.(一年有四个季节, 每个季节之间肯定会有不同之处, 到底有哪些不同之处呢？呈现1a。
听录音，回答下面的问题：
（1）What’s the weather like in spring？
（2）When does summer usually begin?
(学生阅读并做笔记, 教师巡视, 发现速度慢的学生, 教师可以个别指点。)
2.(时间到, 核对答案。根据学生回答, 板书并导出新单词。)T: Time is up.Let’s check the answers.3.(播放录音, 让学生跟读。)
T: Listen to the tape and follow it.Step 3Consolidation 第三步巩固(时间:6分钟)
巩固1a, 学会复述短文。
(学生通过阅读1a文章, 做1b练习, 已对四季的差异有了大致了解。现在可以根据自己做的笔记, 不看课文复述短文, 同时教师用课件出示四季图片, 可让学生看着四季图以及上面的板书内容，回忆并复述。)
T: Good.Now please retell the passage according to your own notes.You can also get help from the pictures and the key words on the blackboard.S1: In China, spring returns and many things come back to life in March.The weather gets warm.It is a wonderful season.Summer begins in June.It is very hot.The
leaves fall from the trees
in fall, and the farmers are busy harvesting.Then winter comes.It
lasts from December to
February.We all wear warm clothes.The wind blows strongly.Sometimes it snows.T: Very good.Now, S2, please retell the passage again.S2: …
…
Step 4Practice 第四步练习(时间:10分钟)
掌握季节的功能用语, 进行知识拓展。
1.(学生通过复述, 已经掌握了很多四季之间的差异。现在可以进一步探讨现实生活中四季之间的差异。把学生分成春、夏、秋、冬四组, 春天这一组讨论与春天有关的话题。夏天这一组讨论与夏天有关的话题, 依此类推。教师可以在旁边观看并指点。讨论过程中每组学生可以把相关的讨论结果写在黑板上。然后比一比，看哪一组做得最好。)
T:Good!Now can you find out more differences in different seasons? I will divide you into four groups.Each group stands for one season.Please discuss and write your answers down on the blackboard.Let’s see which group does the best.Group 1, please write down the sentences describing spring.Group 2, please write and tell us what summer is like.Group 3, please work for fall.Group 4, please describe how winter is different from others.Ss: OK.2.(由上面的活动转入2。请同学们根据2的信息，写一则天气预报，可适当进行扩展。)
T: Boys and girls, we do different sports in different seasons.But before we go out, we’d better know the weather.Do you know how to write a weather report? Now, please look at 2, and try your best to write a weather report according to the information.(写完后，老师点几名学生朗读他们所写的天气预报，并作适当讲解。)
T: OK.Now let’s ask some students to read their weather reports, S1 …
Step 5Project 第五步综合探究活动(时间:8分钟)
利用所学知识, 学会表达对季节的喜好。
1.(不同的季节有不同的天气, 人们可以进行不同的活动。进入小组讨论, 谈论每个人在不同的季节里的服装穿戴和进行的活动。)
T: Good!We know in different seasons, we wear different clothes and do different sports.Now work in groups, and discuss what kind of clothes you wear and what sports you do in different seasons.(学生开始讨论, 2分钟后让学生汇报。)
T: Now can I share your ideas?
S1: I like wearing coats in winter and I like skating.S2: I like wearing T-shirts in fall, and I like climbing mountains.S3: …
…
2.(家庭作业。)
(写一篇短文, 描述自己在不同的季节所喜欢的衣服和运动。)
仁爱英语七年级下册Unit8 Topic1 SectionD教案
学校：冯桥初级中学
姓名：邓红艳
第四篇：大学英语自学考试英语二下册unit8教案
UNIT 8
Text A Jet Lag: Prevention and Cure
I课文简介：
我们许多人在国际旅行时都有过时差反应。
科学家们发现，时差综合症是我们体内的生理调节机制在不同的环境中发生变化所引起的。实际上，有两套时间调节系统在相互作用，它们在新时区内需要一段时间才能重新设定。
值得庆幸的是，我们可以通过调节环境定时和改变饮食睡眠来减少时差带来的不便。
Para.1 If you understand what Jet Lag is, your flights will be less stressful.Paras.2 – 9 Various causes of Jet Lag
Paras.10 – 14 Ways to deal with the bad effects of Jet Lag
II New Words
词汇精讲:
lag: v/n.走得慢，落后
After I get over jet-lag, I’ll call you.我倒过时差后给你打电话。
He’s lagging behind a bit, and I think we’d better wait for him to catch us up.他有点落后了，我想我们最好等他赶上来吧。
There is often a lag between becoming affected by this illness and its first signs.受这种疾病的感染和出现最初症状之间经常会间隔一段时间。
His actions lagged behind his thinking.在他的思想和行动之间存在很大差异。
mechanism n.机械装置；机构，机制；（自然现象等的）作用过程 These automatic cameras have a special focusing mechanism.这些自动相机有一种特殊的聚焦装置。
The mechanism for collecting taxes needs revising.税收机制需要改革。
The mechanism of oral learning is largely that of continuous repetition.口语的学习过程在很大程度上来说就是进行不断的重复。
overcome: v.战胜，克服
Support from his family and his own survivor instincts have helped him overcome obstacles.家人的支持和求生的本能帮助他克服了障碍
The learner of a second language has many obstacles to overcome.学第二语言的人有许多障碍要克服。
First of all, we should overcome ourselves in order to overcome difficulties.要战胜困难，首先要战胜自己。
internal a.内部的，内在的，国内的
The bullet passed through his back and several internal organs and he died later in hospital.子弹射穿了他的背部以及若干内脏，结果他死在了医院里。
The bank says it will conduct its own internal investigation into the disappearance of the money.这家银行说他们会就这笔款项的失踪在银行内部展开调查。
The international community is increasingly willing to intervene in the internal=domestic affairs of countries where there is serious abuse of human rights.国际社会越来越愿意干涉存在严重侵犯人权行为的国家的内政。
external a.外在的，在外的
The external walls of the house are in need of repair.这栋房子的外墙需要修缮了。
The doctor thinks her injuries are all external.医生认为她的伤都是外伤。
You shouldnt judge people solely by their external appearances.你不应以貌取人。
discrepancy n.差异，不一致
There are several discrepancies between the original estimates of the cost and the actual bills.最初估计的费用与帐单之间有几处不一致的地方。
The committee is reportedly unhappy about the discrepancy in numbers.据说委员会对数字上的出入很不满。
feasible: a.可行的，可能的
Your plan sounds quite feasible.你的计划听起来是可行的。
Now that we have the extra resources, the scheme seems feasible.既然我们有了额外的财力，这一方案就可行了。
The plan seems to be feasible.这个计划似乎是可行的。
assumption: n.假定，设想，承担，采取
派生词：assume v.假定，设想
His assumption proved to be wrong.他的设想被证明是错的。
You will assume your new duties tomorrow.你们明天开始执行新任务。
neutral neutrality a.1.中立的；2.中性的
She is /stays/remains/keeps neutral in this argument;she doesnt care who wins.在这场辩论中她保持中立，不在乎谁赢谁输。
He is a rather neutral character.他的品性平平。
promote: vt.促进，发扬，提升
派生词：promotion n.促进，发扬
He certainly ought to be promoted.他的确应该被提升。
The company is promoting their new sort of soap on television.公司正在电视上为这种新香皂促销。
We should promote the mutual understanding between the two countries.我们要增进两国之间的相互了解。
词组： effect on: 对„ 的作用，影响
It had an almost immediate effect on his thinking.这事几乎立刻对他的想法有了影响。
Violent TV programs have a bad effect on children.暴力电视节目对孩子有不好的影响。
相似词组： influence on: 对„有影响。to blame on: 把..归咎于
He blamed his failure on his teacher.他把他的失败怪在老师的头上。
They blamed the failure of the action on George.他们把此次行动失败归咎于乔治。
相关词语： to blame „ for
The accountant was blamed for his error.这个会计由于出错而受到谴责。to advantage: 有利地，有效地
More practice will be to your advantage.多练习对你有利。
It is to your advantage to invest wisely.明智地投资对你很有利。
The model is seeking a chance to display herself to advantage.那位模特正在寻找一个机会来有利地显示自己。now that: 既然，由于
Now that you have come you may as well stay.既然你来了还是待着吧。
Now that oil is scarce, the fate of the motorcar is uncertain.由于石油短缺，汽车将来的命运如何就难以预料了。to leave „alone: 不管，不理；听其自然
Leave me alone – take your hand off my arm.别动我 – 松开我的胳膊。
I should leave that question alone if I were you.如果我是你的话，我不会去碰这个问题。out of step: 步伐不一致，不协调
That boy was out of step during most of the parade.在游行检阅的大部分时间里，那个男孩的步伐都与别人的不合拍。
I’m not good at dancing – I always get hopelessly out of step.我不善长跳舞–总是踩不上点，已经无可救药了。
He is out of step with modern life.他同现代生活不合拍。
III课文精讲： P.190 第一段：
1.The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time.喷气飞机时差综合症是每个乘坐国际航班旅行的人在某个时候会碰到的问题
one是代词，代替a problem，后面every international traveller comes across at some time是定语从句，修饰先行词one，定语从句前省略了关系代词that或which；come across意思是“（偶然）遇到”；at some time相当于sometimes，意为“有时”。
2.But do you have to suffer? Understand what it is, and how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects, and your flights will be less stressful.Understand what it is„这是个祈使句，相当于一个条件状语从句：If you understand what it is„
例句：Work hard and you’ll succeed.相当于 If you work hard, you’ll succeed.该句可改写为：If you understand what it is, and how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects, your flights will be less stressful.所以，当有“Do„, and + 主语 + 动词 „”结构时，可把它改写为：“If you do „, 主语 + 动词 „”；what it is 和how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects是两个并列的宾语从句。第二段： 1.The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize.乘飞机旅行对身体的影响实际上远比我们意识到的更令人焦灼不安。
此句是个比较结构。disturbing 是分词式的形容词，比较级是more disturbing，far 用来修饰比较级。effect（影响）后面与介词on搭配，表示“对„的影响”，另有influence和impact后面可与介词on搭配；far可用来修饰比较级，可以替换为much或a lot或a great deal。2.Jet Lag is not a psychological consequence of having to readjust to a different time zone.adjust to是固定搭配，意思是“调整、适应”，故有readjust to。
3.It is due to changes in the body's physiological regulatory mechanisms, specifically the hormonal systems, in a different environment.due to意思是“由于、因为”，通常用作表语成分。第三段：
1.Confused? 是不是被弄糊涂啦？
该句是Are you confused?之省略。
2.So was John Foster Dulls, the American Secretary of State, when he flew to Egypt to conduct negotiations on the Aswan Dam.美国国务卿约翰·福斯特·杜勒斯从美国飞往埃及谈判阿斯旺水坝问题时就被弄糊涂了。他后来把自己在谈判中判断失误归咎于时差综合症。
当so（表示“也”）置于句首时，句子必须使用倒装结构，so 位于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适合于本句。由“So + 助动词 ／ 连系动词 ／ 情态动词 ＋ 主语 ＋ „”构成；这是一种部分倒装结构，常见类型有：
3.He later blamed his poor judgement on Jet Lag.blame „ on „意思是“把„归咎于„”；另有blame sb for sth，意为“因为某事而责怪某人” 第四段：
1.The effects can be used to advantage, too.to advantage意思是“有效地、有用地” 2.President Johnson once conducted an important meeting in Guam and kept the entire proceedings at Washington DC time.keep the entire proceedings at Washington DC time意思是“按照华盛顿时间安排议程”，keep是使动用法，此处是keep + n.+ prep.结构。
3.The White House working personnel were as fresh as paint, while the locals, in this case, were jet-lagged.该句是由 while 连接的两个并列句，表示前后对比。in this case 作状语，译为“在这种情况下，” the locals 是指关岛的本地人，作主语。personnel在此处意思是“（全体）职员、（全体）人员”，表示复数概念，故谓语动词是were；as fresh as paint意思是“精神饱满 / 抖擞”；the locals 相当于the local people；jet-lag是动词，并用于被动语态，意思是“使患有时差不适症、使无精打采”。4.Essentially, they had been instantaneously transported to America.句首essentially意为“实际上”。P.191 第二段：
1.Now that we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcoming it.既然我们了解了时差综合症是什么
句首的now that意思是“既然”；动词understand后接宾语从句what Jet Lag is；go some way to doing sth意为“想办法做某事”。
2.A great number of the body's events are scheduled to occur at a certain time of day.a great number of意思是“许多、大量”；schedule由名词转化为动词；to occur充当句子的主语补足语。
3.Naturally these have to be regulated, and there are two regulatory systems which interact.these指代上句的the body's events。第三段：
1.One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone.一个定时系统来自我们的感官和胃肠饥饿感以及我们在某个特定时区所经受的周期性变化
该句主干结构是“one timing system comes from„.”;from 有两个宾语，由and 连接。we experience是定语从句，修饰the periodicity，关系代词that / which因作宾语而被省略；when living in a particular time zone是由连词when + 现在分词短语构成的时间状语。
2.The other belongs in our internal clocks(the major one of which may be physically located in a part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus)which, left alone, would tie the body to a 25 hour--yes, 25--rhythm.另一个定时系统在我们的体内时钟内（其中一个主要时钟可能位于我们大脑的称为超交叉核的那部分中）这些体内时钟在不受干扰时，会使人体有一个25小时——是的，25小时——的生理节奏。
该句的主干结构“The other belongs in our internal clocks „”，which 引导定语从句修饰our internal clocks。在定语从句中，left alone 是过去分词词组作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句If it is left alone。括号中的定语从句也修饰our internal clocks。belong in意思是“存在于”；“名词 / 数词 / 代词 + of + 关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句；be located in意思是“位于”；called the suprachiasmatic nucleus是过去分词短语，修饰前面的名词a part；leave „ alone意为“听其自然、不理、不管”。
3.Normally the two timers are in step, and the external cues tend to regularize the internal clocks to the more convenient 24 hour period.in step意为“步调一致”；tend to意思是“倾向于”；regularise „ to „意思是“把„调整到„”。第四段：
1.If, however, you move the whole body to a time zone which is four hours different, the two clocks will be out of step, like two alarm clocks which are normally set together, but which have been reset a few hours apart.然而如果你把整个身体移到一个时差4个小时的时区，两个时钟就不再同步，正像两个闹钟通常被一起定时，但现在定时相差几个小时。
however 是插入语，意思是“然而”； “which is four hours different”是定语从句修饰zone。which „和but which „是两个并列的定语从句，修饰前面的two alarm clocks。out of step意为“乱了步调”；
2.Whereas the two clocks would normally sound their alarms together, now they ring at different times.尽管两个闹钟通常同时报时，但现在则在不同时间报时。
whereas连接让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”
3.Similarly,the body can be set for evening while the sun is rising.第五段：
1.In time the physiological system will reset itself, but it does take time.经过一段时间后，生理系统将会自我调整过来，但这需要时间。
句首的in time意思是“终于、经过一段时间以后”；it does take time意为“这确实要花时间的”，其中does是助动词，用以加强语气。2.One easily monitored rhythm is palm sweating.monitored是过去分词，修饰rhythm，作定语，表示被动意义。
3.A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will take eight days to readjust his palm sweat.flown to a time zone different by 10 hours是过去分词短语，作a man的定语。
4.Blood pressure, which is also rhythmical, takes four days to readjust.血压也是有节奏性的，需要4天才能调整过来。
which is also rhythmical是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的blood pressure。第六段：
1.One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors.此句是一个表语从句，that 引导一个从句作表语。reason常与介词for搭配，表示“„的理由”；
2.The hormone cortisol, which controls salt and water excretion, is made in the morning, wherever the body is.出现这种差异的一个原因是人体的不同活动受到不同因素的支配
which controls salt and water excretion是非限制性定语从句，修饰the hormone cortisol；wherever the body is是地点状语从句或让步状语从句。
3.But the growth hormone is released during sleep, whenever in the day that sleep occurs.但生长激素在睡眠时才分泌，而不论一天中什么时候睡觉。
whenever Whenever in the day 意为“不管在一天中的什么时候”；whenever in the day that sleep occurs中whenever是副词，意思是“无论什么时候”。引导时间状语从句。that sleep 是从句的主语，that 是指示代词修饰sleep。
4.Normally these two hormones are separated by seven or eight hours, but if the body arrives at a destination in the early morning(local)and goes to sleep as soon as possible, the two hormones will be released simultaneously.该句是并列复合句，中间以but连接，第一分句是被动语态，第二分句中if the body arrives „ and goes to sleep as soon as possible是条件状语从句，the two hormones „ simultaneously是主句。P.192 第二段：
1.What can we do about it?
it指上文所说的 the two hormones will be released simultaneously这件事。2.It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone.句首it是形式主语，真正主语是to wait „；be used to意思是“习惯于”。3.Fortunately there is a short cut.4.It relies on two things--the power of the stomach to regulate the timing of other events, and the pharmacological actions of coffee.rely on是固定搭配，意思是“信赖、依赖、依靠”；破折号后面的两个并列的名词短语是two things的同位语成分。第三段：
1.The basic assumptions are: 第四段：
1.Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and advances it at night.it指代本句的the body clock。
2.Coffee at mid-afternoon is neutral.下午三点左右喝咖啡对人体时钟不起作用。
该句中neutral 意为“中性的”，在这里是与上文的delay 和advance 相对，表示“既不推迟，也不提前”
第五段：
1.Protein in meals stimulates wakefulness, while carbohydrates promote sleep.while意为“而”。第六段：
1.Putting food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock.help do sth意思是“有助于做某事”。Jet Lag: Prevention and Cure Unit 8 常考句子：
1.The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time.(para.1)
时差综合症是每个国际旅行者常会碰到的问题。
2.The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize.(para.2)
快速旅行对身体干扰程度实际上远比我们意识到的要大
3.He later blamed his poor judgement on Jet Lag.(para.3)
他后来把他不好的判断归咎于时差反应。
4．Essentially, they had been instantaneously transported to America.从本质上说，他们被瞬间送到了美国。
5.Now that we understand what Jet lag is, we can go some way to（在一定程度上）overcoming it(para.4)
既然我们懂得时差反应综合症是怎么回事，我们就能够在克服时差综合症方面有所作为。
6.The other belongs in our internal clocks which, left alone, would tie the body to a 25 hour – yes, 25 – rhythm.(para.5)
另一个定时系统在我们的体内时钟内，它们在不受干扰时，会使人体有一个25小时——是的，25小时——的生理节奏。
To belong in 对……合适或有用；属于，归入……一类
Leave…… alone：听其自然；不打扰，不管……，不理……
To tie to
系，拴；束缚，约束
He did not want to be tied to a steady job.他不愿永远做一件固定的工作。
7.In time the physiological system will reset itself, but it does take time.(para7)
经过一段时间之后，生理系统将会重新自我调整过来，但这需要时间。
In time 除作“及时”讲外，还有“经过适当时间；逐渐地；最终；迟早”
Eg.In time he forgot all about it.过了一段时间后，他把这一切都忘了。
8.One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors.(para.8)
出现这种差异的一个原因是身体的不同活动是由不同的因素控制的。
9.It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone.(para.9)
我们不可能等上四天直到身体习惯新的时区。
历年考题
1.In practical application, concentration is not _____ the definition may imply.(99.4)
A.as simple to deal successfully with as
B.so simple to deal successfully with that
C.simpler to deal successfully with as that
D.as same simple to deal successfully with as
答案：A
考点：本题主要考查as … as 搭配表示“和….一样”。而选项D 中as 的后面还有一个词same。因为same 表示的意思也是同样，与…同样的意思与as … as 意义重复，因此不选D。
2.Understand what Jet Lag is, and how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects, ______.（99.10）
A.your flight will be less stressful
B.and your flights will be less stressful
C.or your flights will be less stressful
D.in order that your flights will be less stressful
答案：B
分析：本句是一个and 连接的并列句。因此只有B符合题意。
3.Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and advances _____ at night.(00.4)
A.it
B.them
C.the coffee
D.the body
答案：A
分析：本句是个并列句，and 连接的两个句子结构应一致。因此，advances 后面的宾语应是the body，而为了避免重复，因此用代词it 代替。
4.汉译英：快速旅行对人体的影响比我们意识到的要大得多。(00.10)
The effects of rapid travel on the human body are much greater than we realize.5.The other timing system belongs in our internal clocks, which , left ______, would tie the body to a 25-hour rhythm.(03.4)
A.behind
B.alone
C.out
D.aside
答案：B
考点：本题主要考查分词短语leave alone，不管，不理，把…放在一边。
1.快速旅行对人体的影响比我们意识到的要大得多。
答： The effects of rapid travel on the body are much greater than we realize 2.他后来把自己的错误判断归咎于时差反应。
答：He later blamed his poor judgement on Jet Lag.3.食物中的蛋白质使人兴奋，而碳水化合物使人易于入睡。答： Protein in meals stimulates wakefulness while carbohydrates promote sleep.4.在外语学习中没有捷径可走。
答： There is no short cut in the study of a foreign language.5.为了克服时差反应我们能做些什么呢？
答： What can we do in order to overcome Jet Lag?
（一）词汇英译汉：
1.flight
2.negotiation
3.transport
4.overcome
5.internal
6.external
7.rhythm
8.feasible
9.assumption
10.promote
1.effect on
2.to blame… on
3.to advantage
4.now that
5.out of step
6.to leave … alone
Word study
1.proceeding
n.程序，进程；[pl]项目，活动，会议文集
That is by no means(“决不是”，如放句首，要倒装)the best way of proceeding.那决不是最好的行动方式。
He brought divorce proceedings against his wife.他诉请与妻子离婚
2.alarm
n.警报；惊恐
He didn’t take alarm at the news.他听到消息后并不吃惊
Vt.向……报警，使警觉；使……惊恐，打扰
I was quite alarmed last night at the cry of “fire”
昨晚有人大呼救火，使我大吃一惊。
3．Promote
Vt.促进，发扬；提升，升级；发起，创办
He was promoted to director.他被提升为厂长
It is believed that taking a walk after meals promotes digestion.人们认为饭后散步促进消化。
The pianist promoted a grand benefit concert.那个钢琴家筹办了一次盛大的义演音乐会。
We should promoted the mutual understanding between the two countries，我们应该促进这两国之间的相互了解。
汉译英：
1．要战胜困难，首先我们要战胜自己
First of all, we should overcome ourselves in order to overcome difficult.（二）句子英译汉：
1.The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time.(para.1)
2.The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize.(para.2)
3.He later blamed his poor judgment on Jet Lag.(para.3)
4.Now that we understand what Jet lag is , we can go some way to overcoming it(para.4)
5.The other belongs in our internal clocks which , left alone, would tie the body to a 25 hourrhythm.(para.5)
6.In time the physiological system will reset itself, but it does take time.(para7)
7.One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors.(para.8)
8.It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone.(para.9)
9.But the growth hormone is released during sleep, whenever in the day that sleep occurs.(para.9)
10.Protein in meals stimulates wakefulness, while carbohydrates promote sleep.(para.13)
（三）句子汉译英
1.不难理解高速旅行给身体带来的不适。
It is not difficult to understand the disturbing effects of rapid travel on the body.It is not difficult to realize that the disturbing effects on the body are caused by rapid travel.2.引起这一不同的原因之一是不同的人体活动由不同的因素控制。
One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors.3.食物中的蛋白质使人兴奋，而食物中的碳水化合物使人易于入睡。
Protein in food stimulates wakefulness, while carbohydrates promote sleep.4.时差反应是每一个国际旅行者可能遇到的问题。
The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across.5.等待几天直到身体的调节机制自然适应新时区，这并不可行。
It is not feasible to wait a few days until the body's regulatory mechanisms are used to the new time zone.negotiate v.(与某人)商议, 谈判, 磋商, ,买卖, 让渡(支票、债券等), 通过, 越过 negotiation n.商议, 谈判, 流通 negotiable adj.可通过谈判解决的 negotiant n.协商者
negotiatory adj.协商的, 交涉的 regulate vt.管制, 控制, 调节, 校准 regulation n.规则, 规章, 调节, 校准 regulatory adj.调整的
regularize vt.使有规则, 使有秩序, 调整, 使系统化, 使合法化 3.assume vt.假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现
assumption n.假定, 设想, 担任, 承当, 假装, 作态 assumed adj.假定的, 假装的, 装的 assuming adj.傲慢的, 不逊的, 僭越的
4.periodical adj.周期的, 定期的n.期刊, 杂志 periodicity n.周期
period n.时期, 学时, 节, 句点, 周期,（妇女的）经期adj.过去某段时期的int.没有了 periodically adv.周期性地, 定时性地
语法要点
形容词、副词比较级的用法
1．英语形容词、副词比较级的一般用法为“比较级 + than”结构，如：
1)lots of dependent babies are more of a liability than numbers of the inactive aged.(Unit 9)
2)There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birthrate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere, rather than because of any change in the death rate, that we have grown so old.(Unit 9)2．比较级前面可以用much, far, a lot, a great deal, a little, a bit 等词或词组修饰，表示“…得多”，“稍微…”等意义，如：
1)The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize.2)We have among us a very much greater experience of continued living than any society that has ever preceded us anywhere,…(Unit 9)
3.用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”的结构表示“越…，越…”的意思，如：
1)We know that we are getting even older, and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be--at least, for any future that concerns us now.(Unit 9)
2)The older you are now, of course, the greater this proportion will be, and greater still if you are a woman.(Unit 9)
4.还可以用连接两个相同的比较级，表示“越来越…”，注意与用法3相区别，如：
1)The kite is flying higher and higher in the sky.2)The story proved to be more and more interesting.Text B
Text B Controlling your concentration
I New Words
重点词汇：
span n.跨度，一段时间
例：She has a wide span of responsibility in her new job.她在新工作中要负责很多事情。
Children’s attention span is poor.儿童的注意力集中时间很短。
fluctuate v.波动，起伏fluctuation v.波动，起伏
例：Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the season.蔬菜的价格随季节而波动。
fade v.凋谢，枯萎，褪色，（声音等）变弱
例：The voice on the radio faded out.收音机里面的声音逐渐小了。
illusion n.幻觉，错觉Disillusioned Illustrate
例：I have no illusions about his ability.我对他的能力不存幻想。
5.moderate : a.中等的，适度的，温和的
I’m a moderate drinker.我是一个饮酒适量的人。
He is well-known as a moderate in the party.他作为该党中一个温和派人士而著称。
6.finance : n.财政，金融；资金，经费
派生词：financial a.财政的，金融的
We’ve had some difficulty raising finance for the project.我们在为这个项目筹集资金的过程中遇到过一些困难。
If you do have financial difficulty, you can apply for a student loan.如果你确实经济上有困难，可以申请学生贷款。
distract v.分散（注意力，心思等）；使人分心
I hope Marys new hi-fi wont distract her(from her studies).我希望玛丽的新高包真音响不会使她从学习上分心。
An alarming accident has distracted media attention(away)from the economic crisis.一个惊人的事变分散了媒体对经济危机的注意力。
adverse a.1.相反的；2.不利的，有害的
The match has been cancelled due to adverse weather conditions.由于天气条件不利，取消了这场比赛。
The advertising company responsible for the campaign say that they are surprised by the adverse public reaction.负责这次宣传活动的广告公司说，他们对公众的反对态度很吃惊。
A lot of local people are worried about the adverse impact that the road building scheme may have on the environment.很多当地人担心这个筑路计划会对环境造成不利影响。
adversely a.1.相反地；2.不利地，有害地
A lot of companies have been adversely affected by the new economic policy.很多公司都受到了新经济政策的不良影响。
.appreciate : vt 欣赏，鉴赏，感激，感谢
派生词：appreciation n.欣赏，鉴赏
用法：appreciate 后接动名词作宾语。
We shall appreciate hearing from you again.我们将乐于再收到你的信。
You can’t appreciate English poetry unless you understand its rhythm.你不懂英文诗的韵律，就不能欣赏英文诗。
课文精讲
P.203 第一段：
1.Psychologically defined, concentration is process of centering one's attention over a period of time.句首psychologically defined是过去分词短语，充当条件状语，相当于if it is psychologically defined。
2.In practical application, however, concentration is not as simple to deal successfully with as the definition may imply.however（然而）是插入语成分；not as „ as „是原级比较的否定结构；simple后面可跟to do，表示被动意义，另有difficult / hard / easy + to do。
3.For this reason, it is helpful to keep the following points in mind.因此，记住下列几点是很有帮助的。
for this reason意思是“因为这个理由”；keep „ in mind意为“把„牢记在心”。be helpful to ….对… 很有益； 第二段：
1.Even with the greatest effort, our span of attention fluctuates.Even with the greatest effort意为“即使尽了最大的努力”。2.You can demonstrate for yourself this fluctuation of attention.demonstrate的宾语是this fluctuation of attention。
3.In a quiet room, place a watch so that it can just scarcely be heard.在一个安静的房间里，放一块表，表的声音几乎刚刚能听见。
该句主句是祈使句 place a watch;so that 引导目的状语从句;scarcely是否定副词，相当于hardly。
4.Listen carefully and notice how the ticking increases in apparent intensity, fades to a point where it cannot be heard, and then increases again.注意听表的走动声，并且注意表的嘀嗒声怎
样明显增大，然后小到听不见，然后又变大。
how 引导宾语从句，从句中有三个并列的谓语动词：increases „, fades „, and then increases again。where it cannot be heard 是定语从句修饰 point 5.This phenomenon reveals how our span of attention fluctuates, for the intensity of the ticking is actually constant.该句为并列复合句，由for连接两个分句，第一分句中有how引导的宾语从句。第三段：
标题：pay attention to意思是“注意”；试比较at a time和at one time：前者意为“一次、每次”，后者意思是“一度、曾经”。
1.Evidence to date indicates that you attend to one idea at a time.to date意思是“到目前为止”；attend to表示“专心、注意”。
2.It is possible for your attention to shift so rapidly that it seems that you attend to several concepts at once.你的注意有可能转移得十分迅速，以至于好像你同时能够专心于几个想法。
句首的it是形式主语；该句句末的at once意思是“同时、一次”。so …that…结果状语从句
3.But apparently this is only an illusion.4.In high concentration the shift from the focus of attention is of short duration and relatively infrequent.be of是一固定搭配，意思是“具有”。第四段：
1.High attention has long periods of attending and short distraction periods.2.In low attention the periods of attending are short and the distraction period long.long前面省略了连系动词are。
3.In moderate attention there is a mixture of the extremes.4.Thus it is easy to see that it is highly unlikely that the student who has most of his attention centered on fancying at large will be able to recall even the major points of a lecture.这样我们可以很容易地看到，如果一个学生的大部分注意力用于自由幻想，即使是讲课要点，他也不可能回想起来。
句首it是形式主语，真正主语是to see „；不定式to see后面有that引导的宾语从句，其中it也是形式主语，that the student „是主语从句，在主语从句中，the student后面有定语从句who has most „ at large，该定语从句中含有have sth done结构、center one's attention on和at large（不受拘束、不受控制、自由自在、逍遥法外）等短语。P.204 第二段：
1.Lack of concentration is a symptom, not the cause, of difficulty.该句相当于：Lack of concentration is a symptom of difficulty, not the cause of difficulty.2.When a student says “I can't concentrate”, what he is really saying is, “I can't attend to the task at hand because my distractors are too strong.”
attend to意思是“集中精力于”；at hand意为“手边”。第三段：
标题：be of可译为“具有”。
1.A distractor is anything which causes attention to vary from a central focal point.通常情况下，在anything, something, nothing, everything后面的关系代词是that，而不是which，本句说法不很规范。2.In the study situation distractors may be thought of as either psychological or physical in nature.在学习的情况下，干扰物实际上可以被认为是心理的或者是物质的。
think of „ as „意思是“把„看着”；either „ or „意思是“或者„或者„、要么„要么„”。
3.Both types of distractors must be understood before the student can attempt to remedy his lack of concentration.before引导时间状语从句。第四段：
1.The angry man forgets the pain of injury, the fearful man finds it difficult to enjoy pleasure and the tense or anxious person may react violently to the smallest of matters.愤怒的人会忘记伤痛，人害怕的时候很难享受快乐，人在紧张或焦虑的时候可能对非常小的事情做出强烈的反应。
该句由三个并列分句构成，第二分句中，it是形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语to enjoy pleasure，第三分句中react与to是固定搭配，意思是“对„作出反应”。另有：reaction to, respond to, response to等搭配。
2.In the student's life there are many psychological pressures and tensions which block effective productivity.which引导定语从句，修饰前面的many psychological pressures and tensions。
3.The fears about making the grade, the doubts of the friendliness of a friend's behaviour and the pressures of limited finances--these are only a few of the emotional forces which affect the student.these指代破折号前面的三个并列的名词短语：The fears „, the doubts „ and the pressures „；emotional forces译为“情感因素”。第五段：
1.Emotional reaction varies greatly from person to person.人与人的情绪反应差异很大。
vary from „ to „意思是“因„而异、因„而变化”。
2.Some persons gain goal and direction from their tensions and actually do better because of them.because of是短语介词，意思是“因为”，后接名词短语。
3.Others fall apart under pressure, while a few people do well despite the pressure.fall apart意思是“崩溃”；under pressure“在压力下”；despite与in spite of 同义，意思是“尽管、虽然”。P.205 第二段：
1.Our environment is much more important to how we feel and react than we often think.环境对于我们如何感觉和反应的重要性比我们所想的要大得多。
.how we feel and react 是介词to 的宾语从句；much more … than … 结构表示“远比…要…得多”than引导比较状语从句。
2.Particularly is this true of the effect of physical distractors on mental tasks.物理性干扰对需要动脑筋完成的作业的影响尤其如此。
该句为倒装结构，正常语序为：This is particularly true of the effect of physical distractors on mental tasks.名词effect（影响）后面常与介词on搭配；另有：influence on, impact on搭配。
3.One research report has shown that comprehension and retention of reading were decreased when students listened to lively music.该句是主从复合句，has shown后面有that引导的宾语从句，该从句中又有when引导的时间状语从句。
4.However, rate of reading was not affected, so that many students were not aware that they were affected by the background distractor.so that引导结果状语从句，译为“结果、因此、所以”；be aware that意思是“意识到”；另有be aware of, be conscious of, be conscious that等搭配。be＋形容词＋that从句“这类结构后面，that引起的从句在概念上接近宾语。能接这类从句常见的形容词有：aware, sure, certain, convinced, confident等。例如：We are fully confident that we can surmount these difficulties.我们完全相信能克服这些困难。
5.Another study found that the ability to recall accurately was affected by distracting conditions.to recall accurately是不定式短语，修饰名词the ability。
6.Most of the evidence indicates that noise affects adversely higher mental task output.evidence是不可数名词；that引导宾语从句。
7.Still, the effect of distractors is seldom fully appreciated by students.有些副词如still, though, however, otherwise.等在句子中起链接词的作用，使句子和前面说的话连接得更紧密一些.appreciate意思是“正确评价、鉴别、认识”。第三段：
1.Many routine tasks can be performed with distraction in the background with little or no adverse effect on output.with distraction in the background和with little or no adverse effect on output都是含有介词with的独立结构。该结构是：
2.Most students have found this fact to be true from their own experience.to be true是宾语补足语成分。
3.They may have had high school homework which was drill or merely copying assignments.may have had中情态动词may表示可能性，此处是对过去的一种推测。
4.It was possible to do such work with the latest recordings or the television set playing in the background.句首的It作形式主语，真正主语是不定式短语to do such work „；with the latest recordings or the television set playing in the background是独立结构，由with + 名词 + doing构成。
5.In time such students began to feel certain that they could do all work--routine or problem-solving--in the same manner.最后（终于）这些学生开始确信，他们能用同样的方式完成作业，无论是常规性的还是解决问题性的。
句首in time意思是“逐渐地、最终、过了一段时间以后”。feel certain 相当于feel sure，意为“感到肯定”本句中that引导宾语从句，6.The evidence indicates the contrary conclusion.第四段：
1.Typically when students are faced with the evidence on distractors the argument is given that their cousin, friend, or classmate can study in “Grand Central Station.” 典型的情况是，当要求学生们拿出关于干扰物的证据时，他们提出自己的表兄弟、朋友或同学能在纽约的“中央火车站”学习。
be faced with意为“面对、面临”；when引导时间状语从句；that引导的是主语the argument的同位语从句。
2.And he makes “all A's” too!3.There is evidence, of course, that motivation plays an important role in overcoming the effects of distractors and that there are considerable differences in individual spans of attention.当然，有证据表明，学习动机在克服干扰的影响方面起作用，并且每个人的注意力广度相差很大 play a role / part in „意思是“在„方面发挥作用 / 在„中扮演角色”；evidence后面有两个that引导的并列的同位语从句。
这两种因素中哪一种都能解释某些人用效率不高的方法都能学得很好。
5.The fact that some exceptional people do well under adverse conditions scarcely justifies your assuming that you are exceptional in the same manner.一些特殊的人在不利条件下能学得好，这一事实绝不能证明，你有理由认为自己在同样的条件下也是特殊的。
第一个 that 引导同位语从句，第二个that 是动名词assuming 的宾语从句
justify 意为 “证明…”，它的宾语是动名词assuming，物主代词your 是动名词assuming的逻辑主语。your assuming „也是动名词短语的复合结构。
6.Your chances of success are higher if you avoid the distractors which are known to hinder the typical student.chances在此意思是“可能性”。
语法 练习
一、补充语法知识
形容词和副词的比较级
1.比较级+than
steel is harder than iron.2.用词或词组修饰比较级，表示强调或稍微。
3.the+比较级，the+比较级：越来越…The nearer an object is to us, the larger it looks.比较级重复，4.more and more越来越多
colder and colder越来越冷
注意事项：
1.n.的可数与不可数，修饰可数名词用“few”“a few”，所以比较级“fewer”后面接的也是可数名词。但是“less”即“little”的比较级也修饰不可数名词。
2.没有比较级的词：如empty
二、单元练习
第五篇：新牛津英语Unit8教案
7A Unit 8 教案
Comic strip and welcome to the unit Teaching Aims: 1.Learn some new words about fashion.2.Arouse the students’ interests in fashion and learn to enjoy nice things.Step 1.Lead-in
Enjoy a short video about a fashion show, teach the word “fashion”.And draw the Ss’ interest in the following words and expressions.Step 2.Presentation
Show some pictures to learn the new words: fashion n.时装；时尚，风尚 think about 考虑
spend vt.度过；花费（钱、时间等）lazy
adj.懒惰的
blouse
n.(女子穿的）短上衣，衬衫 tie
n.领带 lend vt.借给
Step 3.Learn some words about clothes
Present the words about clothes and make sure Ss know each word then fill in the boxes in PA on Page 93.Step 4.Borrowing things
1.Listen to the conversation between Millie and Mum, then answer
1)What does Millie need for the fashion show?
2)Why doesn’t she wear Mum’s blouse?
2.Read aloud and then make a similar conversation about borrowing things from others.A: Can you lend me/ us …?
B: Of course.A: What size/ colour is/ are your …? B: …
A: Oh, it’s … but … can … it/ them.B.OK then.A: Thank you, …
Step 5.Listen and fill in the blanks.Listen to the conversation between Eddie and Hobo on Page 92, then fill the blanks:
Eddie is ________ about what to wear.But Hobo tells him dogs don’t _______ clothes.So Eddie wants to ________ ten more minutes in bed.He is a ______ dog.Step 6.Read and act
Read aloud the conversation in groups, then present the comic strip on the screen for the Ss to act out the conversation.Step 7.Explain 1.wear 穿着，戴着（表示穿、戴的状态）
put on 穿上，戴上（表示穿戴的动作）
e.g.She likes wearing red.她喜欢穿红色。
It’s cold outside.Put on your coat.外面冷，穿上外套。2.think about sth.考虑某事；想起某事
e.g.She is thinking about how to spend her holiday.她正考虑如何度假呢。Don't think about it any more.不要再去想这事了。
3.what to wear
意思是“穿什么”，英语中“疑问词+ to do ”是一个短语而不是句子。
e.g.I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办？
Let me tell you how to do it.让我告诉你如何做这件事。4.spend vt
花费，度过
常用结构(1)Sb.+ spend +time/money doing sth.(2)Sb.+ spend + money on sth.e.g.He spends a lot of time playing football every day.他每天花大量时间踢足球。
How much does she spend on clothes every year? 她每年在衣服上花多少钱？
5.spend ten more minutes = another ten minutes
再花十分钟 e.g.We need five more chairs.6.lend sb.sth.= lend sth.to sb.把某物借给某人
e.g.Can you lend me your bike? 你能把自行车借给我吗？= Can you lend your bike to me? 注：lend 是“借给”，而英语中的borrow
是指句子的主语将东西借进，含义是“借来”。常用结构是borrow sth.from sb.“向某人借某物”。e.g.Can I borrow your rubber? 我可以借用你的橡皮吗？ Step 8.Exercises
一、根据Millie 与Mum的对话内容填空：
Millie wants her mother to _______ her some clothes for the _________ show.Her mother’s red ________ is ________ 4.It’s too large for her.but she thinks Sandy can _______ it because Sandy is tall.So she borrows it from her mother.二、翻译：
1.她正在考虑去哪度假（holiday)。2.我可以再吃两个苹果吗？ 3.你穿多大尺码的鞋？ 4.Tom经常将自行车借给我。Homework: 1.Act out the two conversations in pairs after class.2.Preview the new words in Reading.Reading I Teaching Aims: 1.Learn some new words about fashion.2.Practise reading skills by learning Millie’s article.Step 1.Presentation Present the new words: lady
女士，夫人
gentleman
(pl.gentlemen)先生;君子 style
风格，样式 trainer
运动鞋
comfortable
舒适的，使人舒服的 popular
受喜爱的，受欢迎的 among
在（三者或以上）中 purple
紫色(的)grey
灰色(的)smart 衣着讲究的；聪明的；精干的 cool
酷的，绝妙的 cotton 棉；棉织物 scarf
(pl.scarves)围巾 both
两者（都）jeans
（复）牛仔裤 silk
（蚕）丝；丝绸 wool 羊毛，羊绒 boot
靴子
both… and …
…和… 都；不仅…而且… be made of … 由… 制成 Step 2.Lead-in
Present two pictures about a fashion show and ask: What are they doing? Are you interested in it? Step 3.Reading
1.Listen to Millie’s article and answer the questions:
1)Where do they hold the fashion show? 2)How many students are there in this show? 2.Read the article and complete the form:
3.Complete B1 on Page 95.4.Read aloud the article and put T or F in the blanks.5.Complete B3 & 4 on page 96.Step 4 Homework
1.Read aloud the article and underline the difficult parts.2.Remember the new words in this lesson.Reading II Teaching Aims: 1.Learn the language points in this article.2.Learn to describe a fashion show.Step 1.Revision The students are having a fashion show in the school _______ in the ________.Millie wears _______ clothes.She thinks trainers are __________ to wear, so they are popular _________ young people.Simon’s shirt is _______ and his trousers are ________.He looks _______.______ Amy _______ Daniel wears blue ________.Young people also like to wear them.Sandy looks ________ because she is in red _______ blouse, a ______ wool skirt and a pair of red __________.Step 2.Explain 1.trousers, jeans本身就是复数，其数量的表达要用 a pair of 这样的短语，这样的短语作主语时要由pair 的单复数形式来决定谓语动词形式。e.g.The jeans are popular among young people.There is a pair of jeans in the bag.The two pairs of trousers are different.2.look cool 看上去很酷
当look的译为“看起来，看上去” 的意思时是连系动词，这种动词后面可以接形容词作表语，但不能接副词，e.g.You look happy today.（正）（happy是形容词）
You look happily today.（错）（happily 是副词，不能作表语）
本课短文中的look cool, look smart，look modern中look都是连系动词。3.both 两者（都）
(1)这个词只能用于两者或两部分时，三者及以上的“全，都”要用all。e.g.His parents are both teachers.There are 40 students in our class.We are all Chinese.(2)“both of + 名词复数/ 宾格代词”作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。
Both of them work in Beijing.（3）both … and …
…和… 都；不仅…而且… She can both sing and dance.她不仅会唱歌而且会跳舞。4.Here comes Sandy.西蒙来了。
这是一个以Here 开头的倒装句，句子的真正主语是Sandy。请观察here 开头的倒装句的两种不同情况：
Here comes the bus.(主语是名词the bus）
Here it comes.(主语是代 it）
Here you are.(主语是you)5.be made of …
由… 制成
Sandy’s blouse is made of silk.桑迪的衬衫是由丝绸制成的。6.be popular among …
在……中很受欢迎
Jeans are popular among young people.Step 3.Exercises
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Good evening, ________(lady)and _____________(gentleman)!2.You will feel ___________(comfort)if you wear trainers.3.Whose ________(scarf)are these? 4.My T-shirt is ________(make)of cotton.5.His red and grey tie ________(match)his clothes.6.Look!Amy is ________(wear)a blue scarf.二、完成句子：
1.今天我打算向你们展示不同式样的鞋子。2.牛仔裤在年轻人中很受欢迎。3.瞧，汽车来了。
4.她今天看起来时髦又漂亮。5.他的裤子是棉制的。6.我们俩都喜欢穿运动鞋。7.今天的会议到此结束。
8.Amy正穿一件红色的羊毛短裙。Step 5.Interview You are an interviewer.You want to interview Millie about the fashion show.Work in pairs, try to ask at least five questions about the show.Homework 1.Recite this article.2.Remember the language points in this lesson.Grammar Teaching aims: Learn the use of the present continuous tense.Step 1.Presentation Present the new words: write to, wait for, look for… Step 2.Lead-in Present three pictures in gif.and ask: What are they doing? /What am I doing? /What is he doing? Help them to answer and tell them they are using the present continuous tense.Step 3.Grammar
一、现在进行时肯定句和否定句的构成：
肯定句:
主语+ am/ is /are + v-ing...肯定句:
主语+ am/ is / are not + v-ing...I am not eating.You/ We/ They are not eating.He/ She/ It is not eating.二、动词ing形式的构成：
Exercise 1: Complete Part A on Page 97.三、现在进行时一般疑问句的构成及回答： I am eating.→ Am I eating?
Yes, I am./ No, I am not.(或 No, I’m not.)
You/ We/ They are eating.→ Are you/ we/ they eating?
Yes, we/you/ they are.No, we/ you/ they are not(或用缩写aren’t)He/ She/ It is eating.→ Is he/ she/ it eating? Yes, he/she/it is.No, he/she/it is not.(或用缩写isn’t)规律：将be 动词移到主语前面。注意：肯定回答时主语be动词不能缩写，否定回答时be动词和not可以用完全形式也可以用缩写。
Exercise 2: Complete Part B on Page 98.四、语法补充：
（一）现在进行时可以表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。Look!He is reading in bed.(说话时正在进行）Mr Green is writing a new book.(现阶段正在做）
（二）现在进行时的判断方法：
如果句子中带有鲜明的时间状语，如：now, 或带有Look, Listen 等暗示动作正在发生，或有表示现在的上下文语境时，我们常用现在进行时。Listen!She is singing in the next room.—Where is your mother? — She is cooking dinner.（三）注意点：
（1）现在进行时的谓语动词由“be 的某种形式+ 动词ing 形式” 这两部分构成。这时be是个助动词，没有实际意思，只起构成时态的作用。同学们在使用现在进行时时千万不要忘了用be动词。
We having breakfast.(错）We are having breakfast.(正)(2)有些动词一般不用进行时，如：know, understand(理解), love, like, want, hope, hear, see等。
(3)双写末尾一个辅音字母再加ing形式的动词的条件参考书本P121。这个规律不易掌握，所以同学们可以在学习英语的过程中学到一个双写词就记住它，慢慢体会规律。以下是已经学过的一部分双写词：shop, run, get, swim, begin, stop, cut, hit，forget等。Homework Remember the new words in this lesson.Integrated skills
Teaching Aims: 1.Practise listening skills by listen to a conversation.2.Practise speaking skills by talking about different materials of the things.Step 1.Presentation Present the new words by showing some pictures: go for sth.去做某事，去参加 fit for
适合于
think of
认为；想起；考虑 glove
n.手套 leather n.皮革
smooth
adj.光滑的，平坦的；顺利的 lovely adj.可爱的；亲切友好的 hat
n.(有檐的）帽子 Step 2.Lead-in
Show a picture of a lady and let Ss discuss what she is going to do? Step 3.Listening 1.Listen to a conversation and complete A1 on page 99.2.Listen to the conversation again and complete A2 on page 99.3.Complete A 3 according to A1 & A2.Step 4.Speak-up 1.Listen and answer: 1)What colour are Kitty’s gloves? 2)What are the gloves made of? 3)What is Amy’s hat made of? 2.Read after the recorder.3.Talk about different materials of the clothes your classmates wear like this.Step 5.Explain 1.go for sth.去从事（某项活动或运动），去参加
go for a walk 去散步
go for a meeting 去开会
go for a dinner
去吃晚饭 2.am/ is / are going to do sth.打算做某事
—What are you going to do tomorrow?
你明天打算做什么？
—I’m going to see my grandparents.我打算去看望我的外祖父母。3.What do you think of … ?
(= What do you think about …?)
你觉得……怎么样？（用来询问别人对某事的看法的问句）
What do you think of this film? 你觉得这部电影怎样？
It’s so boring.太无趣了。4.plan(to do)sth.计划(做)某事
（注：plan---planning)
They are planning a school trip.他们正计划一次学校组织的旅游呢。5.They’re made of leather.be made of 由 …… 制成，通常表示该成品仍看得出原材料。
This bottle is made of glass.这个瓶子是由玻璃制成的。
be made from 由……制成，表示该制成品看不出原材料。
Paper if made from wood.纸是由木头制成的。
6.feel soft and smooth 摸上去柔软光滑
feel 感觉，摸上去（是连系动词，后常接形容词）
I’m not feeling well.我觉得有点不舒服。（well 作“健康的，身体好的”之意时是形容词，而不是副词)11 7.sb + look + 形容词+ in + 颜色
= 颜色 +look + 形容词+ on sb.意为“ 某人穿某种颜色怎样怎样” You look good in red.= Red looks good on you.你穿红色很好看。Step 6.Exercises 翻译句子：
1.他今晚得去参加一个生日聚会。2.运动鞋适合长时间步行。3.她穿白色漂亮极了。
4.你的围巾是什么制成的？
是丝绸制成的。5.—你觉得这本书怎么样 ？
—很有兴趣。Homework 1.Remember the new words and the language points in this lesson.2.Preview the next lesson.Study skills & Task Teaching aims: 1.Learn syllables in words.2.Write about the S’s own fashion design.3.Review the important points in this unit.Step 1.Presentation
Present the new words by showing some pictures: jacket
n.夹克衫，短上衣 feature n.特征 material n.材料 design
n.设计；构思 model
n.模特；模型
dark
adj.昏暗的；黑暗的，深色
include vt.包括，包含
Step 2.Learn syllables in words.1.英语单词可以划分成音节。一个单词可能分成一个、两个、三个或更多音节。例如：
clean，late, feel, tea, at
（单音节）
lazy
fashion about
（双音节）
expensive
popular（三个音节）
2.Listen to A and repeat the words: 3.Listen to B and write down the number of syllables in the blanks.Keys: 2,3,21,2,3,1,4 4.Listen and complete C & D on page 101.Keys:
C:
special, weekend, present，children, football, modern D:
3, 5, 6, 7 Step 3.Read Part A on Page 102 and answer the following questions: 1.What is the shirt made of? 2.What colour is the jacket? 3.What are the trainers made of?
Step 4.Task 1.Listen and complete the form.2.Read aloud the article and then try to complete Part C.Step 6.Exercises
一、选择题：
1.I’m thinking about ______.A.what to do it
B.how to do
C.to do what
D.how to do it 2.She always spends a lot of money ____
clothes.A.buy
B.buying
C.buys D.to buy 3.Can she ___ you her dictionary?
A.lends
B.lend
C.borrows
D.borrow
4.This pair of trousers ____ made of leather.A.is
B.be
C.are
D./ 5.Look!Here _____ two bus.A.come
B.comes
C.is coming
D.are coming 6.It’s six o’clock.Sandy ____ a letter.A.writes
B.writing
C.is writeing
D.is writing 7.---____ you ___ with her now?
---No, I’m not.A.Do;play
B.Are;play
C.Are;playing
D.Do, playing 8.She looks ____ with her new hat.A.beautifully
B.happily
C.lovely
D.well
二、翻译：
1.你能把你的深蓝色的夹克衫借给我吗？ 2.这件男衬衫摸上去柔软光滑。3.她不仅会唱歌而且会跳舞。4.瞧！他正在河里游泳。
5.你觉得这双皮鞋怎么样？
6.白色和其他任何一种颜色都可搭配。Homework Review all the new words and language points in this unit.
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