第一篇:大学课堂:还有人在听吗?(研究生英语翻译)
大学课堂:还有人在听吗?
1.纽约大学的Robert A.Fowkes是我过去的一位老师。他喜欢讲在上世纪30年代他在德国上古威尔士语课的故事。第一天上课,教授大步走上讲台,翻了翻笔记,咳嗽了一声,开始说道:“早上好,女士们、先生们。”Fowkes不安地扫视一番。他是上这门课的惟一学生。
2.在学期中间,Fowkes因病缺了一次课。他回到课堂的时候,教授毫无表情地向他点了点头。接着令Fowkes 大吃一惊的是,教授没有按照顺序讲下一课(即Fowkes 缺的那课),而是讲了后面一课。难道他真的在他唯一的学生缺席的情况下对着空教室讲了一课?Fowkes 认为这太有可能了。
3.今天美国的大学(原本是以德国的大学为模型的)受到了各方面的严厉指责。人们指责老师没有教好,学生没有学好。美国的商业和工业饱受无进取心的、缺乏创造力的管理人员之苦,这些人受的教育是自己不要思考,而是说一些过时的、在世界上其他地方早已抛弃的陈词滥调。大学毕业生既没有基本技能也没有全面修养。有人对高等教育的状况了研究并发表了报告,但由此引发的变化在很大程度上不是表面的,就是使已经糟糕的情形变得更糟。
4.美国教育中很少被挑战的方面是讲课制度。教授不停地讲,学生不停地记笔记,就像十三世纪时的情形一样,那时是因为书本匮乏又昂贵,很少有学生买得起。我们早就该舍弃讲课制度,开始使用真正有用的方法。
5.想要了解现行体制的不足只要跟着一个假设的一年级学生就行了。我们暂且称她为玛丽(虽然任何其他的课都行)我们还是跟她去上一个学期的心理学导论。她到的第一天环顾巨大的课堂,看到班级这么大有些吃惊。一旦一百或一百多个注册的学生发现教授从不点名(他怎么能点名呢?点名会占用太多的时间),班级就缩小到不那么吓人的规模了。
6.有几天玛丽坐在前排,她可以看到教授在读一叠几乎和他的年纪一样老的发黄的讲义。她听课听烦了,其他大部分同学也听烦了,这从他们的行为中可以判断出:他们要么在打盹,要么在笔记本上涂鸦。渐渐地她意识到教授和他的听众一样感到无聊。每次课结束时他都问道:“有问题吗?”他的语气明显表明他更希望没有问题。他不必担心,学生和他一样感到下课是一种解脱。
7.玛丽清楚地知道她应该在每次上课前阅读布置的作业。但是,因为教授不做小测验也不提问,她很快就认识到她不必准备。学期末她只要看看笔记,再记记一些事件、年代就可以跟上进度。期末考试后她会立刻忘掉她背下来的大部分内容。她的有些同学对这种无人情味的学习很失望,干脆辍学。其他人像玛丽一样坚持下来,无奈地接受了这种制度,等待着到大
三、大四时的好日子,那时他们就会有较小的班级,最终也会得到真正的学习所需要的那种针对个人的关注。
8.我承认上面的描述言过其实。大多数大学有讨论课来补充听讲课,通常讨论课是由研究生主持的。而且有些班级,如一年级的英语课,也总是相对较小的。但是,还是有太多的课主要或者完全依赖于讲课,这种安排受到教师和管理人员的青睐,但绝不是为学生的利益而设计的。
9.听课存在的一个问题是:会听是件很难的事。阅读课本中的相同内容是更有效的学习方法,因为学生可以根据其需要慢慢阅读直到他们理解这些内容。甚至仅仅做到专心听讲都很难。人听的速度可以达到每分钟400—600 个词,而最富有激情的教授说话的速度也很难达到这个速度的1/3。讲话和理解之间的时间差导致开小差。很多学生认为多年来看电视已经削弱了他们保持注意力的能力。但是他们真正的问题是专心听课比他们认为的要难得多。
10.更糟的是,听课是被动学习,至少对没有经验的听众如此。主动学习时学生写文章或做实验,然后由教师评价他们的作业,因此主动学习对那些还没有完全学会如何学习的学生来说益处要大得多。的确,积极听讲的技巧,如设法预测说话人的下一个要点或有选择地记笔记,能够提高听课的价值,但是很少有学生在大学学习的开始阶段就已经掌握了这些技巧。更为常见的是学生试图写下所有内容,甚至还带着录音机去听课,以这种笨拙的方式来记录每个词。
11.学生需要向教授提问,也需要别人重视他们的想法。只有这样他们才能开发出聪明的、创造性的思考所必需的分析能力。大多数学生通过参加频繁的、甚至是激烈的辩论才会学得最好,而不是通过胡乱记下教授对复杂事件所做出的常常不能令人满意的总结。他们需要小型讨论课,这种课需要老师和学生的共同努力,他们不需要那种让一个人提出自己观点的课堂,无论这个人多么有学识。
12.讲课制度最终也会危害到教授们。反馈减少到了最低点,因此讲课者既不能判断学生对材料的了解程度,也不能受益于学生的提问或评论。学生要求说话者澄清模糊论点所提的问题,以及挑战结构松散的论据的评论,这对于学术是必不可少的。没有这些,最活跃的头脑也会萎缩。大学生或许还不能够常常做出显著的贡献,但是讲课把教授同新生天真的问题阻隔开了,而这些问题很可能会引起一系列思考。
13.如果说讲课如此不通情理,为什么还一直允许继续下去呢?当然是因为教学管理者喜欢了。他们可以把更多的学生塞进演讲厅,而无法把这么多学生塞进讨论班。对许多管理者而言,这基本上就是他们所关心的了。但是,事实上,教师,甚至学生和管理者联合起来使得这一制度继续存在,且运行得很好。对任何人来说,讲课都比辩论容易。教授可以通过讲课假装在教,就像学生可以通过听课假装在学,这一点没有人意识到,包括参与者(指老师和学生)。此外,如果听课给某些学生袖手旁观、而让老师唱主角的机会,这也给一些教授提供了炫耀其才学的不可抗拒的舞台。如果课堂上人人参与,学生就无法躲藏,教授也不太会被吸引去进行学识上的自我表现。
14.如果班级较小又要求学生参加讨论,这就会消除学生的被动性。学生被迫对他们自己的和老师的思想表示怀疑时,他们就变得主动参与了。他们听的技巧在与老师和同学的学术交流所带来的刺激中大大得到提高。这种交替互动能帮助教师做得更好,因为他们会发现谁知道什么——在期末考试前,而不是之后。这种形式的课程考试要求学生分析和综合,而不是空洞的记忆。这样的课需要教授们的活力、想象力和投入,所有这些都会令人精疲力竭的。但是,这也使得学生为他们自己的学术成长分担责任。
15.讲课这一方式不会完全从大学消失。一是因为讲课似乎从经济角度考虑是必需的,二是讲课起源于悠久的传统,而且人们又把传统本身看得很重。但是,讲课通常出现在学生接受教育生涯的错误的那一端——在大学的第一和第二年,那时他们最需要密切的、甚至是针对个体需要的指导。如果讲课这一形式局限于三、四年级的学生,则对学生的兴趣和热情的破坏力会比目前的制度小得多,因为三、四年级的学生不太需要学科上的指导与帮助,而且更有能力自己制定学习计划。毕竟,学生能够从听讲课中学到知识前必须先要学会去听。
第二篇:研究生 英语翻译
Let children learn to judge their own work.A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking.He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use.Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s.In the same way, children learning to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught — to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle — compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes.But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them.We do it all for him.We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to.Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher.Let him do it himself.Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not
If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book.Let him correct his own papers.Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer.Let’s end all this nonsense of grades, exams, marks.Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.
第三篇:研究生英语翻译答案
1.。Scotland
As you linger on the mountain pass to admire the rugged reflection of Beinn an Lochain in the waters of Loch Restil, spare a thought for the weary sheep drovers who used to pause here for breath after the long steep climb from Loch Fyne.“Rest and Be Thankful” is the name of this spot, a title coined by the soldiers who built the first road here 250 years ago.Since then its wild beauty has thrilled generations of crofters and passing travelers.and now you.当你流连与此山口,赞赏雷斯蒂尔湖中贝尔安山嶙峋的倒影时,请想想从前那些疲惫的赶羊人吧!他们从法恩湾出发,沿陡峭山路,经长途跋涉,然后在此歇息。这个山口就叫“歇恩山口”,此名是250年前在此修长第一条道路的士兵们给起的。从那以后,这里的自然美景便令一代代农人和游客陶醉,而今又令你怦然心动。
2.。一个美丽的小四合院
胡同,是中国传统的街区形式,四合院则是中国的传统 民居。四合院最早在西周时期就出现了,有三千多年的历史。北京是元,明,清,三代的都城,北京的四合院自然成为中国传统民居的集大成者,其精美的建筑和丰富的文化内涵常常让参观者流连忘返。金碧辉煌的皇城故宫和青砖灰瓦的胡同四合院共同构成了北京城的独特魅力。
Traditional Chinese neighborhood is called Hutong and traditional Chinese residence for city dwellers is known as Siheyuan--a courtyard with one-storey houses on four sides.Courtyard house came into existence as early as in the Western Zhou Dynasty dating back to over 3000 years ago.As Beijing served respectively as the capital of three dynasties, namely the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty ,needless to say, the courtyard house in Beijingrepresents the quintessence of traditional Chinese residential houses.Their exquisite architecture and rich cultural connotation are so inviting to their visitors that many of them simply cannot tear themselves away from it.The magnificent imperial city, now popularly known as the Palace Museum, together with the residential compound of grey bricks and tiles contribute to the unique attraction of the city.3...Walk It Off
When it comes to walking off those millennial excesses, a lengthy hike once a day will do you far more good than nipping down to the shops every couple of hours--even if the short walks add up to same amount of time, say exercise researchers in Britain.But walks of any length beat sitting at home with your feet up and watching television ,they stress.英国研究运动的人士说,就散步减肥而言,每天做一次长距离步行给你带来的好处远远超过每隔几小时逛一次商场-----即便短距离步行 累计的时间相同。不过,他们强调说,不过步行的距离有多少,都 比待在家里架着双腿看电视要好的多。
4.。无题
静下来想想,我这样一个出身贫寒。经历坎坷的人,居然能活到92岁,实在有点奇怪。过了80岁,经常有人问我,有什么养生之道,我不仅不懂得养生,而且还有一些不好的习惯。
Often ,in my calm moment of contemplation ,I find it amazing that a man like me who
was born of a poor family and has suffered a lifetime of frustrations should have lived to the age of 92.When I was in my eighties, people often asked me for advice on how to keep in good health.But the fact is , instead of a recipe for healthy living, I have some very bad habits.人世间,万事万物,都有一定的规律,掌握了这个 规律,才能改革和创造,我认为,习惯不属于意识形态范围,它有一种“惯性”。所以,古人说:习之难改也甚矣。当然,这是说难改,不是说不能改。只要下了决心,持之以恒,习惯也还是可以改的。
In this human world , things all go by certain rules.Only by grasping these rules can we make reforms and create.I think habits do not come under the category of ideology, but have something to do with inertia.That's why the ancients say ,“Old habits die hard ” Nevertheless, it doesn't mean that habits are impossible of being broken.With strong resolution and perseverance, we can certainly break ourselves of old habits.5..Globalization of Sporting Culture
Massive changes in all of the world's deeply cherished sporting habits are underway.Whether it'sone of London's parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, or the Superbowl rivaling the British Football Cup final as a televised spectator event in Britain ,the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition.We are witnessing a globalization of our sporting culture.世界上广为人们接受的运动习惯正发生着巨大的变化。的公园里到处是玩垒球的人,而俄罗斯人爱上了橄榄球,美国橄榄球联合会超级杯赛和英国足球杯总决赛更是成为英国电视观众竞相争看的赛事。运动员和观众的行为都在发生着变化,让人难以捉摸。我们正目睹着体育文化步入全球化的过程。
6.。世界文明共存
进入21世纪,世界形势继续发生深刻变化,多极化与经济全球化在曲折中深入发展,新情况,新矛盾层出不穷。随着经济全球化的发展,许多西方学者热衷于探讨不同文明之间的关系。在不少学者的论点背后,可以感觉到西方文明优越论的强烈色彩。许多西方学者甚至认为,如果没有西方价值观体系,就没有任何社会可以真正的实现现代化。亚洲国家也有不少人开始怀疑自身的文化传统能否孕育出现代化精神。
Since the arrival of 21st century , the world has continued to undergo profound changes.World multi-polarization and economic globalization are developing in greater depth amid twists and turns with new troubles and contradictions emerging one after another.With the development of economic globalization, many scholars in the West have taken great interest in discussing the relationship between different civilizations.However ,behind the arguments of some scholars, one can discern a strong sense of superiority of Western civilization.Quite a few Western scholars even believe that without embracing the Western value system, no society in the world would ever be able to achieve modernization.Many people in Asian countries have also begun to doubt if their own cultural tradition can nurture the spirit of modernization.7..总之,不同文明之间的相处应超越社会制度和意识形态的差异。各国应努力寻求共同利益的汇合点,遵循世界是丰富多彩的原则,采取相互学习,取长补短的积极态度,以利共同发展,而不应用一种政治制度和发展模式去规范整个世界。In general, it's essential for civilizations to coesistwith each other by transcending different social systems and ideology.All countries should work hard to seek convergence of common interests, honor the principle that the world is colorful and diversified ,and adopt a positive attitude of learning from each other to make up for their respective deficiencies in the interest of common development.It's not acceptable to model the whole world after one political system or development pattern.8...Etiquette(礼仪)
To be able to answer the question “Is etiquette important?” one must have an understanding of the true meaning of the word.There is no simple definition of synonym, but to me “consideration” comes the closest.All good manners are based on thoughtfulness for others, and if everyone lived by the Golden Rule--“Do unto others as you would have others do unto you”-there would be no bad manners in the world.There have been many attempts to define “etiquette” over the years ,but my own particular favouritewas found in an old grammar book.It is ,Politeness is to do and say The kindest thing in the kindest way.“礼仪重要吗?”若要回答这个问题,我们必须懂得“礼仪”一词的真正含义。我们无法把这个词简单地定义或给出某个同义词,而在我看来,“体谅”则是最贴切的诠释。一切礼貌的行为举止皆以体贴他人为基础。如果人人都能遵循“你想别人怎样对待你,就要怎么对待别人”这一黄金法则,这世界上也就不会有不礼貌 的行为了。多年来,很多人都试图给“礼仪”定义,但我特别喜爱的解释是在一本古老的语法书中发现的,书中这样写到,“以最码头的方式去说最码头的话,做最码头的事,这就是礼貌。”
9...中国神话的特点
一,神话与历史难以分开。在中国有文字记载的历史以前的历史,部分地根据传说,而传说和神话是交结在一起的,如伏羲,神农,黄帝,夏禹这些古代的英雄和领袖,既是传说中的历史人物,也是神话中的重要角色。古代神话在很大程度上历史化了。反过来说,古代历史也在某种程度上神话化了。
1.Mythical stories are entwined with history.The history of the long period before recorded history began is partly based on legend ,which is interwoven with mythology.Such ancient heroes and leaders as Fuxi, Shengnong, Huangdi and Yu are both historical figures according to legend and important characters in mythical stories.Ancient mythology was to a great extent made historical.On the other hand ,ancient history was to a certain extent made mythical.10...中国的环保国策
中国作为一个发展中国家,面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。然而,我国人口众多,资源相对不足,经济规模越来越大,经济发展与资源和环境之间的矛盾日益突出。环境污染严重,生态状况恶化,资源耗费巨大,回收率低而导致环
境破坏等问题,已成为中国经济保持可持续发展的瓶颈。
As a developing country ,China is faced with the dual tasks of developing its economy and protecting the environment.However, China suffers an increasing disparity between economic development and natural resources and the environment with a large population, relative insufficiency in natural resources and expanding economy.The serious environmental problem caused by severe pollution, deteriorating ecological conditions, huge consumption of resources and low reclamation has already become a bottleneck for the sustainable development of the Chinese economy.11.New Class War :Teacher vs Technology
Halfway through the semester in this market research course at Roanoke College last fall, only moments after announcing a policy of zero tolerance for cellphone use in the classroom,Prof.Ali Nazemi heard a telltale ring.Then he spotted a young man named Neil Noland fumbling with his phone , trying to turn it off before being caught.去年秋天,罗阿诺克学院阿里·纳齐米教授的市场研究课程业已学期过半。有一天他宣布在他的课堂上对使用手机采取零容忍政策。话音未落,就听到明显的手机铃声。他循声望去,发现一个名叫尼尔·诺兰的年轻人正手忙脚乱地摆弄手机,试图在被抓之前关掉它。
12.别为了成功而抛弃快乐。
一位大学生曾经告诉我,“我不需要快乐,只需要成功。”当时,我并没有反驳,毕竟是学生吗,说话总是出语惊人。说真的,我喜欢这种谈吐风格。然而,一旦你开始慢慢接受这种主张,它就会让你感到不安。这位学生如此草率地了快乐,似乎说,“让我们去追求人生更重要的东西-事业上的成功。”
A college student once told me ,“I don't need to be happy-just successful.”At the time, I let it pass--students, after all ,regularly say surprising things.Indeed ,I like this quality in their conversations.But this assertion has an unsetting quality to it once you let it seep in.The student dismisses happiness in such a perfunctory way.It's as if she is saying, “Let's get on to the important stuff--professional success.”
第四篇:研究生英语翻译11(精选)
第十一课 人类的尊严和道德的身份
只有当我们承认我们的生命不是自己创造的, 也不是我们的父母,或他们的父母创造的时候,我们人类的尊严才得以实现。我们人类及其价值来自这样的事实——我们生来是有尊严的人类。尊严并非源于反叛人类固有的特性。坦然来自接受我们被创造的样式。
拒绝接受我们的身体违背大自然的有序性,而我国深远悠久的历史也未曾有过类似记载。我们的开国元勋,包括威廉潘,阿比盖尔亚当斯,詹姆士麦德森等等,都持有这样的立场 —— 我们要接受自己的命运,而且没人可以阻碍我们实现我们的尊严。这个尊严不是自己选择的,乃是上帝选择的。
那些提议我们拒绝天生的尊严的人崩溃了我们国家的基础。从大体上说,我们国家基于这样的思想:自我接受,而不是自我拒绝,才能充分体现思想的百花齐放和百家争鸣。
自由的思想直接源于接受赐于我们的东西。我们无法选择自己的性别,贫富,和出生地。欣然承认这些事与我们的尊严无关,我们就获得了自由。确实,强迫他人接受我们个人对自我的判逆就失去了自由。命运将我们投胎到一个本不属于我们的文化之中,并非是给予了我们一根可依赖的拐杖,而是赋予我们一个内容丰富且十分有活力的机遇拼图。这个拼图先我们而来,同时也孕含着我们素质的根本构成单位。它是决定我们出生时状况和现时状况所不可或缺的。
当我写这些话时,我天真地相信没有美国人会觉得它们真值得嘲笑,好笑,或被指控为偏执。而这,正是我在2001年5月7日在美国大众电台资助的题为“性别政治”的辩论会上发表了这篇开幕词之后所发生的事情。颇具讽刺意味的是,辩论会的举行场地正是我们的祖先首次秘密召开第一次大陆会议并开始起草“独立宣言”的费城卡拼特大厅。我决不相信我们的祖先会想到这个地方在日后会用来就作为大众政策“纳税人不为变性手术付款” 是否歧视这一话题辩论。我也不会相信我们的祖先认为我们是自己性别的牺牲品和囚犯。然而,这正式我的反对方所为之争辩的。
变性者要讨论的问题完全无视常识, 人类的尊严和大众政策。除了支持其他的问题以外,这个讨论的问题还支持以下几个观点:
A. 当人们不同意自己被创造的样式时,他们就成了牺牲品;
B. 改变自己的性别是合法的;
C. 小学生有权决定改变自己的性别;
D. 谁不喜欢自己的身体,就有必要实行医疗手术。
首先,为了证明一种权力的合法性,就必须显示所提示的“权力”隐含在有序的自由这一概念中。还必须显示实施这一权力与我们的悠久历史一脉相承。实质上,必须显示剥夺这种权力就会毁掉我们国家的基础。变性问题还上不了法规的线。根据大量的判例法,它们最多是通过人民的立法机关最终留给个
人自己的道德问题。
第二, 那些大肆宣传变性的人拒绝承认变性是一个选择问题。他们争辩道,他们生来的性别并非自己的选择。他们宣称他们要通过人的生存方式来反叛强加于他们的性别。这个宣称为以下事实留下了余地—— 可以自我确认或标榜为“变性”的唯一方法是在大众论坛中“豁出去”。从本质上看,“判逆”就是选择。很奇怪,变性的人声称这个“豁出去”的过程对他们成功地在宪法之下作为一个阶级很有必要。这简直荒唐之极。
有些事情还是不说为好,而且我们也不指望大众会接受思想领域里的每一句话。再者,法律明确规定国家有对大众认为是可恶的举止或行为表现进行矫正的合法权利。我们的法院也已承认政府不必解决每一个牵涉到法规的问题。换句话说,即使我们承认不能用科学来解释变性,这并不意味着美国在对变性行为提供科学解释前后备力量就必须放弃对它的规范。
我的反对派们还建议,美国的工作单位必须为对自己性别不满的人反性别穿戴或其它表示提供便利。我们的雇主们有权力,也有法律责任防止工作单位成为性问题充斥的地方。如果任凭主观意志来定位性别,就很难维持这样的目标。
还有一点,变性者们为锎锏较硎芡缺;ず投怨テ缡拥拿植? 竭力把他们比作少数民族和妇女。事实上,变性破坏了1964年的公民权利议案的基础。倘若我们依照美国宪法的同等保护条款承认变性人为一个被怀疑的阶级,我们就只能让多年来为在工作单位和学校争取种族平等,男女平等的所有努力前功尽弃。现在,我的反对派们异想天开地争辩说,一名变性男人就可以称自己是女人,且以女人身份出现。
女人身份变的毫无意义。那些要阻止妇女在公司和其它地方晋升的人现在可以肆无忌惮地无视妇女的权力了,因为只要自己要求,任何人都可以“是”女人。
最后,我们讨论了旧金山地区的最新决定 —— 为雇员决定做变性手术付款。根据一个旧金山编年史的条款,该地区只把有限的资金资助配假肢和心脏重建手术。
再者,对于有残疾子女的工人没有任何福利照顾。当我对反对派说儿童的需要应比选择做变性手术更重要时,参加现场直播的观众都笑我。更加令人悲哀的是在将近60人参加的辩论会上,没有一个人批评变性者所要的权力。对于这个辩论会将要转播的那65个电台市场,是否会是同样的情况就不得而知了。
当有朝一日我们的孩子们说他们作为人的尊严和道德身份不重要时,我真不愿意说“我早就跟你说过”。那些对我们的孩子的心灵遭受变性主张,同性恋以及大肆攻击父母权力与道德观念的践踏和玷污袖手旁观的人,在道德上和在普瑞马导那客店坐视杰瑞梅司特老梅亚强暴并杀害了无辜的车利丝依佛森没什么两样。让我们祈祷我对这事的担忧永远不会成为现实。
第五篇:大学英语翻译
Unit 1 1.听到她屡遭失败的消息,我感到很难过(distress)
It distressed me a great deal to hear the news that he had suffered repeated failure.2.他虽然失去了老板的欢心,但仍然装出一副高兴的样子(assume)He assured an air for cheerfulness, even though he lost favor with his boss.3.格列佛(Gulliver)经历了冒险奇遇,见到了各色奇异的人物(assortment)Gulliver met with extraordinary adventures and saw a strange assortment of people.4.如果你再犯同样的错误,他会很生你气的(furious)He will be furious with you if you repeat the same mistake.5.我们都被他坦率的观点、幽默的语言和亲切的态度所深深吸引(draw)We were all greatly drawn by his frank views, humorous words and genial manner.6.等到欢呼的掌声平息下来,那位诺贝尔奖获得者开始演讲(die down)After cheers and applause died down, the Nobel Prize Winner began his speech.7.他天生有一种特别的洞察力和预见力,因此,他很少随大流(run with the crowd)He is gifted with a sore of insight and foresight, so he rarely runs with the crowd.8.我发现现实毕竟是非常严酷的,一个人难以完全按照自己的理想去生活(live up to)I feel realities are after all very harsh, so one can hardly live up entirely to his ideals.Unit 2 1.我的顶头上司是典型的工作狂,一年365天每天工作10小时以上(workaholic)
My immediate boss is a typical workaholic, for he works for over ten hours each day all the year round.2.校长十分注重课外活动,他认为课外活动有助于培养学生对外部世界的浓厚兴趣(extracurricular)
The principal attaches much importance to extracurricular activities and he believes that they will help to cultivate students' tremendous interest in the external world.3.星期一早上,他总是快速冲个澡,胡乱吃块三明治,拦辆出租车去上班(grab)He always grabs a shower, a sandwich and then a taxi to go to work every Monday morning.4.既然你要离开公司了,你要在本周内清算账目(straighten out)
Since you are leaving the company, you should straighten out the accounts within the week.5.为了按时完成博士论文,他经常熬夜(stay up)
He often stays up late at night in order to finish writing his Ph.D dissertation on time.6.没有什么能够取代内心深处最深切的爱(replace)
Nothing can replace the profoundest love lodged in one's heart of hearts.7.他被认为是总裁职位的当然人选,因为他已经出色地做了近10年副总裁(natural n.)He is considered a natural for the post of the president, for he has been an excellent vice-president for almost ten years.8.他实在太普通了,丢人堆里根本找不着(pick out)He is just too common to be picked out from the crowd.Unit 3
1、这所大学是世界上历史最悠久的高等学府之一(venerable)The university is one of the most venerable institutions of higher learning in the world.2、如果一个人缺乏实践经验,仅凭课堂里学到的东西是难以成功的(deficient)
If one is deficient in practical experience, he can hardly make himself a success with only what he has acquired in class.3、我火冒三丈,这片专题文章本周内必须写完,但老是被打断(exasperate)
I felt exasperated by constant interruptions, for I had to finish writing the monograph by the end of this week.4、他认为用就问题来写一个当代的主题是滑稽可笑的(ludicrous)
He feels that it is ludicrous to write on a contemporary theme in an ancient style.5、上海的外滩在上世纪七八十年代是年轻情侣喜欢来的谈情说爱的之地(coo)
The Bund in Shanghai was a place where young couples liked to come to coo in the 70s and the 80s of the last century.6、作为10来岁的孩子,他女儿算是非常恬静的,因为她喜欢读书胜于嬉戏(sedate)His daughter is very sedate for a girl of about ten, for she kikes reading more than playing.7、当一抹阳光洒向大地的时候,这对情人手拉手,在乡村道路上散步(stroll)
The couple strolled hand-in0hand along the country road when the sun in its first splendor steeped the earth.8、这个诗人在世时被普遍认为是一个怪癖的浪漫天才(eccentric)
The poet was commonly considered as an eccentric romantic genius when alive.Unit 4
1、毫无疑问,莎士比亚是各个时代剧作家相形见绌(overshadow)
It goes without saying that Shakespeare overshadows all the other playwrights throughout the ages.2、《了不起的盖茨比》被普通认为是美国上世纪爵士时代的缩影(epitome)
The Great Gatsby is commonly deemed as the epitome of the Jazz Age of the last century in America.3、你最好不要在他去哈佛大学深造的兴头上泼冷水(put a damper on)
It is advisable for you not to put a damper on his enthusiasm to further his studies at Harvard.4、年轻人容易盲目崇拜体育圈和娱乐圈迷人的明星(make a fetish of)
Young people tend to make a fetish of glamorous stars in sports and entertainment circles.5、他们一路闲逛,漫步来到市中心区域观看庆祝国庆的烟花燃放(traipse)
They traipsed all the way to the downtown area to watch the National Day fireworks display.6、他没有犯什么大错或大罪,不该受到如此严厉的惩罚(deserve)
He does not deserve such a severe punishment as he has committed neither serous errors nor grave crimes.7、我每次遇到他,他总是说一堆无聊的话(a whole lot of)Every time I met him, he would talk a whole lot of nonsense.8、名声是一个许多人愿意掉下去的陷阱(trap)
Reputation is a trap into which many people are ready to fall.Unit 5
1、当哈姆雷特拿不定注意该采取什么行动时,他就装疯(feign)Hamlet feigned madness when he was hesitating what to do.2、搪塞推诿是这生意人的惯用伎俩(prevarication)
Prevarication is one of the techniques this businessman likes to employ.3、真理之光有时太刺目,于是善意的谎言随处可见(ubiquitous)
Sometimes the light of the truth is just too dazzling, so white lies are ubiquitous.4、美国许多妇女声称他们对自己二等公民的地位感到不满(profess)
Many women in America profess that they are unhappy with their status as second-class citizens.5、一时冲动之下,他失言抖出了秘密(blurt out)On the impulse of the moment, he blurted out the secret.6、你应该摆脱偏见,抵制诱惑,不让任何东西扭曲你的判断(warp)
You should get rid of any prejudice, resist temptations and let nothing warp your judgment.7、他是一个过于敏感和富于想象的人,经常在头脑里编织一张复杂的网络(a tangled web)Being over-sensitive and imaginative, he often weaves a tangled web in his mind.8、他在伙伴中很受欢迎,因为他尽量不给别人添麻烦(spare)
He is very popular among his peers as he always tries to spare others any trouble.Unit 8 1.实验结果远远超出了他们的预料(surpass)
The result of the experiment far surpassed their expectations.2.我们应该充分考虑这个项目的费用和可能遇到的问题(take account of)
We should take full account of the cost of the project and the difficulties we might encounter 3.好天气是这次远征科学考察成功的原因之一(contribute to)The fair weather contributed to the success of the scientific expedition.4.巴西球员球星罗纳尔多(Ronaldo)在2002年世界杯足球赛中射进好几个精彩的球(spectacular)
Ronaldo, one of the football stars from Brail, scored several spectacular goals in 2002 FIFA World Cup.5.罗伯特*弗罗斯特(Robert Frost)由于对诗歌的杰出贡献被美国许多大学授予名誉学位(confer…upon)
Many honorary degrees from different colleges and universities in America were conferred upon Robert Frost for his remarkable contributions to poetry.6.摆脱坏习惯需要耐心和毅力(emancipation from…)
Patience and perseverance are required in emancipation from bad habits.7.他们努力将这些新观念灌输到学生的头脑中去(instill)They tried to instill such new ideas into students’ minds.8.你对员工进行评估时应该做到公正(impartiality)
You should demonstrate impartiality in your assessment of the employees.Unit 9 1.你应该提前告诉我你将去美国深造的事(in advance)
You should have told me in advance that you would further your studies in United States.2.他过分宠爱他的孙辈(lavish)He lavished too much care on his grandchildren.3.各种新技术产业已经兴起(spring up)
Various new technology industries have sprung up.4.许多英语单词源于拉丁语、希腊语和法语词汇(derive from)Many English words derive from Latin, Greek and French words.5.一位哲学家认为矛盾对立无处不在(ubiquitous)
A philosopher holds that contradictory oppositions are ubiquitous.6.仁慈善良是他本性中不可缺少的一部分(part and parcel)Kindness is part and parcel of his nature.7.他具有超人的记忆力和智力(phenomenal)He possessed phenomenal memory and intelligence.8.他对吃穿都很讲究(fastidious)
He is fastidious about what he eats and wears.Unit 11
1、他的父母对他有很高的期望,他感到压力很大(feel weighted)He felt heavily weighted with such high expectations from his parents.2、他用积极的观点来解释这件事(in…light)He interpreted the incident in a favorable.3、我很讨厌他,因为他特别喜欢诽谤他人(go out of one's way)I detest him, for he often goes out of his light way to backbite others.4、许多宗教的教义敦促人们超越尘世的成功(mundane)Many religious teachings urge people to transcend mundane success.5、个人的主动性是促进事业发展的要素之一(initiative)
Personal initiative is one of the essential elements in promoting your career.6、我认为填鸭式教育不是好的教学方法(spoon-feed)
I don't think it is a good method of reaching to spoon-feed students.7、我将全力以赴在下个月之前完成这项任务,因为我不想有不遵守诺言的污名(stigma)I will spare no efforts to accomplish the task by the end of next month, for I don't want to suffer from the stigma of having broken my promise.8、我得到了许多与教育新政策相关的信息(pertinent)
I've got much information pertinent to the new policy in education.