文章逻辑关系的常用短语总结

第一篇：文章逻辑关系的常用短语总结

因果：as a result , consequently , thun , therefore , for this(that)reason , 文章逻辑关系的常用短语总结

because of , on account of , so that , due to , owing to等

列举：for instance , for example , that is , namely , specifically , one is

example , such as 等

递进：not only….but also…., as well as , moreover , besides ，and ，neither…nor…., both….and….等

比较：compare with/to , like , in the same way , similarly , unlike ，as well as , by contrast 等、对比：although, while, but , but the same time , despite , even so ，even though, for all that , however , in contrast , in spite of , nevertheless ，on the contrary , on the other hand , regardeless , still , though , yet ,等

转折：but , however , on the other hand , nevertheless , whereas , while , yet，Still , although , even though , in spite of 等

强调：indeed , certainly , above all , in addition , in fact , after all , especially ，In particular , truly , it ia true , of course 等

条件：if , in case , suppose , provided that ，as long as 等

时间：after that , from now on , next , from then on , first , secondly , finally , Former , previous , meantime , since , since then , afrer a while , soon , as soon as

Before , earlier , immediately , in the past , lately , now , shortly, so far , then ，until ，when 等

空间：over , above, inside, outside, beside , across , between , before , below ，close to, in front of , in the center of , nearby , near to , on top of ，opposite to , on the other side , to the east , to the left 等

顺序：again , also , and , and then , besides , equally important , finally , first , last

further ，furthermore , in addition , in the first place , moreover , next , second

still , too等

总结：in short , in a word , to sum up , in conclusion , in other words , in summary ，on the whole等

第二篇：十大逻辑关系关联词总结

完型文章中常见的上下文（句）逻辑关系

并列关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

and, and also, or, neither……nor, either……or, not only……but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same……as;

递进关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

also, then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more;indeed;

因果关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…..that, such…..that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason;

转折关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately;

让步关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

although, though, even though, even if, even, nevertheless, despite, in spite of;regardless of;anyway, anyhow

列举（顺序）关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

firstsecondlast of all, in the first placein the second placefinally, to begin with to continue, first……then, on one hand……on the other hand, for one thing……for another, one……another, some……others……still others;

对比关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

while, whereas, as, / rather than, instead of, not…..but;

时间关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

when, whenever, before, after, since, as, while, until, till, simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime, at the same time;

条件关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

if, only if, if only, unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as, in case, suppose that, supposing that, provided that, providing that, when, whenever, with;

举例关系 & 部分常用标志词和短语

such as, for example, for instance, of(these, those, them), among(these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely;

关联词运用实例说明

1．表示举例说明

a case in point, after all, as a proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, such, specifically, that is, to illustrate, to demonstrate

a)Many southern cities are growing above the national average — Atlanta is a case in point.b)The news about calcium and kidney stones is a case in point.c)Prisoners should be treated with respect — they are human beings after all.d)These are, after all, very familiar species.e)It's extremely expensive to live in New York.For example, I pay $1, 250 for a one-bedroom apartment.f)Many countries, for example Mexico and Japan, have a lot of earthquakes.g)Old English was in many ways similar to Modern German.For instance, the nouns, adjectives, and verbs were highly inflected.h)We need to rethink the way we consume energy.Take, for instance, our approach to transport.i)Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.j)His last album sold half a million copies and we hope this one will be just as(=equally)popular.k)One of the most important stages has yet to be started, namely beginning to fit the person into their new job.1)The issues are in two main clusters, namely the safety and the pricing and procurement of drugs.m)The rules make it quite clear what should be done in such a situation.n)We're talking about money —specifically, the money we need to repair our schools.o)One solution would be to change the shape of the screen, that is, to make it wider.2．表示增补意义

additionally, again, along with, also, and, and then, as well as, besides, equally, even, further, furthermore, in addition, in other words, just as, likewise, moreover, not only...but also, similarly, to put it another way, to repeat, then, too, what's more

a)They may also additionally represent much more;they may indeed have a highly integrating social function.b)And again, these workshops will benefit the community considerably.c)Dunne was murdered, along with three guards.d)Sugar is bad for your teeth.It can also contribute to heart disease.e)This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.f)Fry the onions gently, and then add the meat and cook for a few minutes.g)The organization gives help and support to people in need, as well as raising money for local charities.h)People choose jobs for other reasons besides money.i)We want the economy to grow, but equally we want low inflation.j)It is possible to make good movies cheaply.Further, “low-budget” doesn't have to mean “bad.”

k)The majority of Americans increased their wealth in the past decade.Furthermore, the gains were substantial.l)A new security system was installed.In addition, extra guards were hired.m)The company provides cheap Internet access.In addition, it makes shareware freely available.n)The tax only affects people on incomes over $200, 000—in other words, the very rich.o)The clams were delicious.Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.p)Using language is a very complex enterprise.Moreover, there is more to communication than merely putting sentences together.q)The system was not only complicated but also ineffective.r)The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years.Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.s)Money makes money.To put it another way, the more you invest, the greater your potential profit will be.t)The problem demands a global solution.To put it another way, local regulations will have very little effect.u)First you need to collect all the information and make detailed notes.Then you can start to actually write your essay.v)Think about what you owe, too, in terms of mortgages, credit cards, loans or hire purchase.w)Gas is a very efficient fuel.And what' s more, it's clean.3．表示强调

above all, anyway, as a matter of fact, certainly, indeed, in fact, in particular, most important, obviously, of course, surely, to be sure, truly, undoubtedly, without doubt

a)Although it is somewhat limited in its applications it is easy to operate and above all it is fun.b)He got lost and spent hours looking for the station, and anyway it was past midnight by the time he got home.c)And, as a matter of fact, the U.S.Golf Association was delighted.d)Books and people certainly affected him.e)Most of the essays were very good indeed.f)Her teachers said she was a slow learner, whereas in fact she was partially deaf.g)Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.h)But the reverse is true when an attorney represents a person who is obviously guilty or whose guilt is widely perceived.i)This is very obviously the approach of some one writing exclusively and specifically for the young.j)Of course there will be some difficult times ahead.k)If a sign were needed that the Internet has become a real market, the arrival of tax avoidance is surely it.l)Throwing money at the problem is surely not the way to convince people of sincerity.m)It was difficult, to be sure, but somehow we managed to finish the job.n)If we truly believe we can win, then we have a very good chance at doing it.o)Undoubtedly, public interest in folk music has declined.p)Sally was without doubt one of the finest swimmers in the school.10．表示顺序

and, besides, finally, first, firstly, further, in the first place, last, next, second, secondly, third, thirdly, to begin with, to start with，a)It also assigned staff people to work with individual companies that wanted to launch a program.b)This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.c)You need to know what tights you have and how to use them.d)Besides going to aerobics twice a week, she tides horses on Saturdays.e)And finally, I' d like to thank the crew.f)First, I'd like to thank everyone for coming.g)The application of the five stages to the task illustrated would involve, firstly, the definition of the task.h)It is possible to make good movies cheaply.Further, “low-budget” doesn't have to mean “bad.”

i)And there i.s the question of the relevance of the trading of information in the first place.j)Connect the red wires first and the black ones last.k)First you need to select the text you want to move.Next, click on the “Move” command at the top of the screen.l)But, second, in the vast majority of markets, efficient production can be attained with a high degree of competition.m)The more you practise the better you will become at selecting historical information to suit firstly your essay and secondly your argument.n)To begin with, much of this new housing is not affordable.o)I' m not going to Vegas.To start with, I don' t like gambling, and I also can' t get time off work.3、观点转折，反面论证 4．表示对比或对照

by contrast, but, conversely, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, unlike, whereas, while, yet

a)The birth rate for older women has declined, but, by contrast, births to teenage mothers have increased.b)The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but to provide work for young people.c)American consumers prefer white eggs;conversely, British buyers like brown eggs.d)Scandinavian cruises are very popular in the summer;conversely, the Carib bean is most popular in the winter.e)The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.f)Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased.g)It wasn't a good thing;on the contrary it was a huge mistake.h)Nuclear power is relatively cheap.On the other hand, you could argue that it's not safe.i)It is equally vital that both should be mentioned, otherwise a client, particularly a buyer, could be seriously misled.j)Unlike most people in the office, I don't come to work by car.k)A bowl of instant oatmeal costs about $1.5, whereas regular oatmeal costs only $0.5 per bowl.l)The old system was fairly complicated whereas the new system is really very simple.m)Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, while those in the south are relatively poor.n)Last summer there was a drought, yet some people were still watering their lawns every day.5．表示比较

by comparison, equally, equally important, in comparison, in the same way, in the same manner, like, likewise, similarly

a)After months of living in a tropical climate, Spain seemed cool by comparison.b)By comparison with other European countries, car prices in the UK are very high.c)Even when the correct word was given a high probability, there were many other words with an equally high probability.d)Many business people do not know what sexual harassment is.Equally important, they do not know how to prevent it.e)an extremely unpleasant disease which is, however, easy to treat

f)Cotton production was on the increase.However, it was still a small industry compared to hemp and canvas production.g)The deaf children of hearing parents are almost normal in comparison, having everything except language experience.h)There is often stronger social control evident in the socialisation of girls in comparison to boys.i)Good management accounts separate the well-organised from the rest but are not vital in the same way.j)I don't want him treating me like Jim treated me.k)The clams were delicious.Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.l)The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years.Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.6．表示让步

admittedly, after all, all the same, although, certainly, clearly, even so, it is true(that), in spite of, nevertheless, of course, still, true

a)The technique is painful, admittedly, but it benefits the patient greatly.b)Printing and presentation should be as attractive as possible — after all the library is an attractive place, isn't it?

c)I realise she can be very annoying, but I think you should apologise all the same.d)We decided to take rooms in Longwood House, although we knew we could not really afford the rent.e)We are not especially well-treated, certainly not as well as the locals.f)Clearly, the racial problems in America have no easy answers.g)The fines for speeding are large, but even so, they are not always a deterrent.h)And it is true that after his death she ceased to exist for the world beyond the farm.i)But in spite of the hardships, real efforts and progress are being made.j)A false belief may nevertheless be justified.k)Though employment growth is down, the area is still attracting health care, high tech, banking and sports-related industries.8．表示转折

although, but, despite, except for, though, however, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, otherwise, rather than, though, yet

a)You can copy down my answers, although I'm not sure if they're right.b)In the US it is normal for the police to carry guns, but not in Britain.c)Despite international pressure, progress has slowed in the peace talks.d)Pen Pros: Except for personal letters, handwritten notes are withering into extinction.e)The rooms, though small, were pleasant and airy.f)This is a cheap and simple process.However there are dangers.g)In spite of her success, Spencer continues to get depressed.h)Cardew did not join the navy.Instead, he decided to join the theater and become an actor.i)Thus we can talk of a local government system which is different from a central government system but nevertheless interacts with it.j)Reintroduction of food after elemental regimens must nevertheless be undertaken with the greatest of care irrespective of whether or not elimination diets are used.k)The hamburger was tough and overcooked.The fries, on the other hand, were terrific, and well worth the money.l)Stir the sauce until it cools, otherwise it will be lumpy.m)It presumes that reality is dynamic rather than static, and therefore seeks relationships between ideas, to aim at synthesis.n)There is no important theory-based reason why these countries rather than others were selected.o)The offenders were dealt with firmly though fairly.p)They charge incredibly high prices, yet customers keep coming back for more.4、文章结尾，归纳结论 7．表示结果

accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in this way, so, therefore, thus

a)Some of the laws were contradictory.Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them.b)As many as 2, 500 people died as a result of the earthquake and the ensuing tidal waves.c)Most computer users have never received any formal keyboard training.Consequently, their keyboard skills are inefficient.d)The cost of transport is a major expense for an industry.Hence factory location is an important consideration.e)In this way normal healthy people may be tested without inducing any damage in their brain.f)The building work is taking quite a long time, and therefore costing us money.g)Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire.Thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty.9．表示结论

as has been noted(mentioned，stated)，at last，finally，in a word，all in all，in brief, in conclusion, in short，in sum，in summary，to conclude，to sum up，to summarize

a)An inhibition，as mentioned above，is rarely used．

b)At last, we were able to afford a house．

c)We finally found a decent apartment close to campus．

d)Pop，in a word，is fascination versus meaning．

e)It was，all in all，more like a prison than an office．

f)In brief，the President plarts to cut defense spellding and lowet taxes.g)In conclusion，I want to thank all the people who have volunteered their time to our organization．

h)In short，the report says that more money should be spent on education.i)In sum，we need to cut costs．

j)In summary, do not sell your shares.k)To conclude, the prospects for philosophy of religion look brighter than they have done for many moons.l)To sum up, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.rn)To summarize, in most cases the schools were achieving the standards set.

第三篇：党员材料逻辑关系

党员发展档案材料时间逻辑先后顺序

一、普通学生发展为预备党员

申请、学习、列入考核表、一年观察（自己、共青团、群众和父母）、公示加大会表决，补志愿书。

1．入党申请书(一定要用合工大信纸，要用炭素笔或兰黑钢笔手写，具体写法见工作手册第47页）

2、写了申请书的，可上积极分子培训班，结业会有结业证书或学员考核表。

3、此后，填《入党积极分子考察表》：时间基本按每栏先后顺序填写，注意事项说明如下： ①封皮“党总支名称”写“中共合肥工业大学管理学院委员会”（即与表最后一页的章一致）；②表内“递交申请书时间”必须与入党申请书内时间一致。③表内“党支部意见”填“同意列入培养考察对象”，“党总支意见”盖一个蓝章“同意支部意见列入培养考察对象”和一个红章“中共合肥工业大学管理学院委员会“，时间按表格先后顺序来填。三次考察情况及时间应在其成为预备党员前一年内均匀填写，培养联系人要写支部内二个正式党员。”“党支部综合性政审意见”时间应在函调时间之后。“党总支部审查意见”不填，“基层党委或党委组织部审查意见”盖一个蓝章“经学院党委会研究，同意近期发展提交支部大会讨论”和一个盖红章“中共合肥工业大学管理学院委员会”，时间填在政审意见之后。

④没有的信息填“无”，不要空着。

4、在填写《入党志愿书》之前，需要以下支撑材料，这些材料的时间原则上无先后顺序，但是都应在党校结业到成为预备党员的一年间，如果期间时间超过一年，则以成为预备党员之前一年为准。

①思想汇报：4篇（时间为成为预备党员之前一年，一季度一篇）

②优秀团员建党对象推荐表：注意“何时递交入党申请书”时间要与入党申请书一致，盖红章“中国共产主义青年团”。③父母政审材料（函调）：时间注意一定要在《入党积极分子考察表》中的党支部综合性政审意见之前。

④群众座谈会：二页纸。

⑤发展党员公示情况登记表中“公示时间”为《入党积极分子考察表》最后一个时间之后、“公示结论时间”（在公示时间七天后），盖“中共合肥工业大学管理学院委员会”红章。用A4打印2份，一份用来公示，一份上报给党委秘书。

5、召开支部大会，大会结束后要有“关于拟吸收中共预备党员的表决票汇总”表，并盖“中共合肥工业大学管理学院委员会”红章。（开支部大会时，可将发展预备和转正的一起表决，然后票分开做就行）。

6、填《入党志愿书》：第3页有署名和时间（时间？）；第5页“何时何地加入中国共产主义青年团”时间要与优秀团员建党对象推荐表中的一致；第7页要有本人签名，时间为公示时间之后。第8页，注意笔迹不同；第10页盖一蓝章（“经研究，同意接收＋＋同志为中共预备党员，预备期为壹年，自＋＋年＋＋月＋＋日起至＋＋年＋＋月＋＋日止”，起始时间为第9页支部大会召开时间）和二个红章（“中共合肥工业大学管理学院委员会”红章和“刘业政印”）。

到此，要有以下这些材料：转正：

1、入党申请书；

2、党校学员考核表或结业证书；

3、入党积极分子考核表

4、思想汇报（4份）；

5、优秀团员建党对象推荐表；

6、群众座谈会记录（2页）；

7、政审材料（父母）；

8、发展党员公示情况登记表；

9、关于拟吸收中共预备党员的表决票汇总；

10、入党志愿书；

11、档案袋。顺序：

申请、学习、列入考核表、一年观察（自己、共青团、群众和父母）、大会表决加公示，补志愿书。

二、预备党员转正

申请、一年观察（自己和群众）、填表、公示并票决、补完志愿书。（较发展预备流程少三项，即结业、父母和共青团）

①转正申请书：署名和时间（预备党员满一年）

②思想汇报：4篇（从预备到转正申请一年间，一季度一篇）

③预备党员考察表：表里入党时间为预备党员时间，考察人写二名党员，一季度考察一次。转正党中公示情况登记表 ④群众座谈会：二页纸。

⑤转正党员公示情况登记表：公示时间”为《预备党员考察表》最后一个时间之后。党支部意见写“公示无异议”，基层党员意见盖“中共合肥工业大学管理学院委员会”红章。用A4打印2份，一份用来公示，一份上报给党委秘书。⑥开支部大会：产生关于拟吸收中共党员的表决票，盖“中共合肥工业大学管理学院委员会”红章。⑦填完《入党志愿书》：第11页，补上第一栏支部大会决议，时间为应转正时间稍后一点？，第三栏盖一个蓝章“经研究，同意＋＋同志按期转为中共正式党员”和二个“中共合肥工业大学管理学院委员会”红章、“刘业政印” 红章。

检查几个重要的时间节点和人物：

三个重要时间点：

时间点：加入共青团时间、入党申请书时间、党校毕业时间时间、预备党员时间

1、入党申请书时间与《入党积极分子考察表》中“递交申请书时间”一致，与《优秀团员建党对象推荐表》里“何时递交入党申请书”时间一致；

2、确定预备党员时间为《入党志愿书》第10页蓝章处时间（该时间也为第9页支部大会决议通过时间），且这个时间至少党校毕业满一年；

用此时间检查：

（1）《入党积极分子考察表》里三次考察时间为此时间往前推一年内均匀填写；

（2）思想汇报在这此时间往前推一年内填写，一个季度一份；优秀团员建党对象推荐表、父母政审材料（函调）（《入党积极分子考察表》中“党支部综合性政审意见”时间之前）、群众座谈会都是在此时间之前一年发生。（自己、共青团、群众和父母）

3、团员时间和其他：

优秀团员建党对象推荐表时间要与《入党志愿书》第5页“何时何地加入中国共产主义青年团”时间要一致。

其他时间：发展党员公示情况登记表中“公示时间”为《入党积极分子考察表》最后一个时间之后、“公示结论时间”（在公示时间七天后）。

人物：

《入党积极分子考察表》培养联系人和《预备党员考察表》考察人都要是二名正式党员；不同人物笔迹要不同。

第四篇：《火灾自动报警系统逻辑关系》

火灾自动报警系统逻辑关系

火灾报警后中心

火灾确认后中心

消防控制中心

启动本报警区域的排烟阀、排烟风机，启动报警楼层及上下层的送风阀、送风机

启动报警区域预作用喷水灭火系统充水

停止空调通风系统运行

启

动本报警区域及相关楼层消防广播︵

报警设施

︶

关闭本报警区域常开防火门、电动防火阀、防火卷帘

切断有关部位非消防电源，并接通警报装置及火灾应急照明和疏散指示标志

控制电梯全部停于首层

停止门禁系统控制疏散门的功能、开启汽车库电动栅杆

相关规范规定的其他设施

消防控制中心接受并显示反馈信号

联动控制区

注：1、火灾确认是指：探测区域内任一手动火灾报警按钮动作，或探测器报警后经人工确认，或同一报警区域两个不同编码探测器均动作。

2、消防控制室应能直接启动下列消防设施：（1）消火栓泵、喷淋泵；（2）送风口、送风机，排烟口及排烟风机；（3）防火卷帘；（4）消防应急广播（警报装置）；（5）其他设施。

3、自动喷水灭火系统：报警阀压力开关动作直接连锁自动启动喷淋泵或消防控制室、水泵房直接启动喷淋泵，消防控制中心显示压力开关、水流指示器及喷淋泵动作信号。

—

END

—

第五篇：食品卫生和食品安全逻辑关系

食品卫生和食品安全的关系

定义：

1.食品卫生是为防止食品污染和有害因素危害人体健康而采取的综合措施（管理）。

2.食品安全指食品无毒、无害，符合应当有的营养要求，对人体健康不造成任何急性、亚急性或者慢性危害（控制）。

关系：

食品卫生与食品安全这两个概念不仅在内容和意义方面的大部分是相互涵盖的，而且具有一定的因果逻辑关系。

例如：

1.面包师傅手沾染不洁物（如清理垃圾等从事任何可能会污染双手的活动）后不洗手而进行面包烘烤，一般烤出来的面包不会对消费者造成健康安全危害（这里指的是微生物的危害，不包括化学和物理危害），不涉及食品安全问题，但是涉及食品卫生问题，也可以看出个人的卫生习惯和职业道德问题；

2.食品原辅料中农兽药残留，可能给食用者造成中毒，危害健康安全，涉及食品安全问题；

3.食品被有害微生物污染（如1中的面包师傅，在不可控制的环节中出现），是由于加工过程中卫生状况不良造成，先是涉及食品卫生问题，再因有害微生物因接触食品，在一定的时间内大量繁殖，达到危害人体健康的水平，所以也涉及食品安全问题。

食品卫生是对食品的生产过程而言，食品卫生一般可由卫

生标准操作程序（SSOP）进行控制；食品安全是对最终食品产

食品卫生食品安全品而言，食品安全有赖于食品在生产过程中良好的卫生管理和有效地安全控制措施。

东莞市常平福美食品有限公司

2012-8-26