河南省郑州市2018年高中毕业年级第二次质量预测理科综合生物部分(word含答案)

第一篇：河南省郑州市2018年高中毕业年级第二次质量预测理科综合生物部分(word含答案)

河南省郑州市2018年高中毕业年级第二次质量预测

理科综合试题卷（生物部分）

一、选择题：共36分。

1.下列有关DNA和RNA的叙述正确的是

A.细菌的遗传物质是DNA和RNA，病毒的遗传物质是DNA或RNA B.转录过程遵循碱基互补配对原则，形成的RNA分子中则无碱基互补配对现象 C.同一种tRNA分子在不同细胞中转运的氨基酸不同 D.相同的DNA分子转录产物可能不同

2.下列关于人体内成熟红细胞的描述，正确的是

A.可以通过无丝分裂进行增殖

B.能产生ATP的场所有细胞质基质和线粒体

C.红细胞中血红蛋白的形成是细胞核内基因选择性表达的结果 D.在蒸馏水中，其吸水能力逐渐增强，以致于发生破裂

3.红细胞膜中的Na+/K+-APTase(ATP水解酶)的功能是水解ATP吸收K+。用一定的技术手段将红细胞细胞质置换成高浓度的K+溶液，并将其置于极高浓度Na+的环境中，就发生了如下图所示的生理过程。下列相关叙述错误的是

A.实验过程Na+、K+离子跨膜运输应该属于主动运输 B.上述生理过程还需要ADP和Pi C.该实验过程中离子浓度梯度驱动了ATP的形成

D.该实验证明了，不同环境条件下，同一种酶既可以催化ATP的水解，也可以催化ATP的合成 4.下图为神经骨骼肌接头亚显微结构图(相当于突触)，下列分析错误的是

A.兴奋在神经骨骼肌接头处单向传递 B.神经递质的释放属于胞吐

C.神经递质在突触间隙中的移动消耗ATP D.突触小体是由轴突末梢经过多次分支，最后每个分支末端膨大形成的结构

5.下列有关植物体内生长素的叙述，错误的是

A.其合成的前体物质为色氨酸

B.既能防止落花落果，也能疏花疏果，这是其生理作用两重性的表现

C.光照能影响胚芽鞘尖端生长素的分布，但不能影响琼脂块中生长素的分布

D.其含量增高时，会促进乙烯的合成，二者通过协同作用共同调节植物的生长

6.玉米的某一性状有野生型和突变型，由一对基因B、b控制，杂合子中有87.5%的个体表现为突变型。某一个玉米群体自交，F1中出现两种表现型。下列有关分析错误的是

A.F1的基因频率与亲本相比不会发生改变 B.亲本可均为突变型

C.F1中的杂合子自交后代突变型︰野生型=11︰5 D.F1自由交配产生的F2中，突变型与野生型的比例不会发生改变

二、非选择题：(一)必考题：共39分。29.(9分)下图为线粒体中蛋白质来源示意图，据此回答下列问题：

(1)基因指导蛋白质合成过程中，在线粒 1 体与细胞核中均可以发生的过程是＿＿＿＿＿，核糖体蛋白质合成场所是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。(2)由图可知，氨酰一tRNA合成酶的作用是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。线粒体DNA缺陷会导致某些疾病这些疾病只能通过＿＿＿＿＿传给后代。人们常将线粒体、叶绿体称为半自主性遗传的细胞器，结合上图，分析其原因是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。(3)以下图中的两个氨基酸(分别称为R1和R2)合成二肽时，脱水缩合会形成＿＿＿种二肽化合物，因此在人工合成蛋白质时，需要先对相应氨基酸的氨基或羧基采取保护，再让“正确”的氨基和羧基之间发生脱水缩合，最后去掉第一步的保护得到所需的产物。

每条肽链的一端有1个游离的氨基(称为多肽链的N端)，另一端有1个游离的羧基(称为多肽链的C端)。如果想让R1成为二肽的N端需要先对R1的＿＿＿＿＿(填“氨基”或“羧基”)进行保护，再让R1与R2进行反应。

30.(7分)某菠菜两个品种叶绿素含量、RuBP羧化酶(催化C5固定CO2)的活性关系如下表。下图显示表示两者在不同光照强度下的O2释放速率。由此回答下列问题：

(1)在测量叶绿素相对含量之前需要对色素进行提取，其原理是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

(2)有同学提出品种2叶绿素含量约是品种1的2倍故品种2光合作用速率应该强于品种1。这种说法对吗?请你说明理由：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

(3)光照强度低于P时，品种1光反应强度＿＿＿＿＿（“大于”或“等于”或者“小于”)品种2，光照强度高于P时，限制品种1光合速率的主要环境因素是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

31.(11分)动物进食时胰液的分泌受神经和体液双重调节，请回答下列问题。

(1)食物的形象、气味等对口腔食管、胃和小肠的刺激，都可通过反射引起胰液分泌，其中咀嚼食物引起的胰液分泌属于＿＿＿＿＿(填“条件”或“非条件”)反射。该反射的神经中枢＿＿＿＿＿(填“是”或“不是”)位于大脑皮层。

(2)当酸性食糜进入小肠后，可引起小肠上皮细胞分泌＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，运输至＿＿＿＿＿胰腺，作用于胰腺细胞。

(3)研究人员为了研究某种药物(PPI)对胰液分泌的影响，选取若干健康成年犬进行了相关的实验。请补充完善实验步骤，并对结果进行分析(PPI用生理盐水配置，给药方式为静脉注射，剂量为50mL，每12h一次)。①将这些健康成年犬＿＿＿＿＿＿＿分为两组并编号，A为对照组，B为实验组。②＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。③各组每12h收集胰液一次，并测量胰液的分泌量，胰液中的淀粉酶、脂肪酶、总蛋白含量和pH值，结果如下表所示。

④实验结果表明：PP对正常犬的胰腺外分泌功能有明显的＿＿＿＿＿作用，主要表现为减少了胰液的分泌量，降低了胰液中的淀粉酶、脂肪酶、总蛋白的浓度和pH值。推测其作用机制可能是通过抑制胃内＿＿＿＿＿的分泌，从而间接地抑制了胰腺的外分泌功能。

32.(12分)果蝇的灰身(B)和黑身(b)、红眼(R)和白眼(r)分别受一对等位基因控制。B、b基因位于常染色体上，R、r基因位于X染色体上。下表是杂交实验结果：

(1)F1随机交配，试推断F2中红眼、白眼果蝇的性别分别是＿＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿。

(2)现用纯合的灰身红眼雌果蝇与黑身白眼雄果蝇杂交，再让F1个体间杂交得到F2。预期F2可能出现的基因型有＿＿＿＿＿种，雄性中黑身白眼的概率是＿＿＿＿＿。

(3)自然界中的果蝇雌雄个体中都有一些个体为黄翅，一些个体为灰翅，不知道黄翅和灰翅的显隐关系，但已知该对性状受一对等位基因控制。请你设计一个通过两组杂交实验(提示：一组为正交，一组反交)来判断这对等位基因是位于常染色体上还是X染色体上的方案。

正反交实验：正交＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；反交＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 实验结果和结论：

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

(二)选考题：共15分。

37.[生物—选修1：生物技术实践](15分)某些细菌能够合成纤维素——细菌纤维素(一种新型生物材料)。为了获得高产菌种，研究小组以木醋杆菌(一种好氧菌)为原始材料，拟通过紫外诱变的手段，筛选获得高产菌株A。请回答下列问题

(1)与酵母菌相比，木醋杆菌在结构上的最大不同是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

(2)培养木醋杆菌的培养基中需要含有＿＿＿＿＿(填单糖名称)，所起到的作用有＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。(3)用紫外线可诱导木醋杆菌发生＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，由于该变异＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，所以在筛选之前需要对诱变后的菌液进行富集培养(将特定微生物的数量比例不断增高的一种培养方法)(4)从富集好的菌液中分离并计数所需菌种常用的方法是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，木醋杆菌产生纤维素的同时还会产生葡萄糖酸，葡萄糖酸会和培养基中的碳酸钙反应使培养基变透明，所以在加了碳酸钙的固体培养基上，需要挑选菌落直径/透明圈＿＿＿＿＿(填“较大”或“较小”)的菌落进行进一步的筛选。(5)可以用＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿方法对上一步挑选出来的菌落进行进一步的纯化。该方法中，每次划线前都要对接种环进行＿＿＿＿＿，冷却后再从＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿开始划线。

38.[生物——选修3：现代生物科技专题](15分)抗体的结构如右图所示它有两条H链和两条L链组成。同一物种C区氨基酸序列恒定，不同抗体结合抗原的V区氨基酸序列有差异。(1)在生物体内，抗体是由＿＿＿＿＿细胞分泌的，该细胞可以来自于＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿增殖分化。

(2)传统方法获取抗体时，需要将相应的抗原反复注射到动物体内，从动物的＿＿＿＿＿中分离抗体。显然，这种方法产生的抗体产量和纯度等都很低，特异性差，单克隆抗体的出现，克服了传统抗体的不足，单克隆抗体是指＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。(3)天然的抗体左右两个V区结构完全相同，只能结合相同的抗原。通过一定技术手段可以得到双功能抗体(又叫双特异性抗体)，它的两个V区能结合不同的抗原。制备双功能抗体的基本方法如下：将能分泌抗体1的杂交瘤细胞(A细胞)与能分泌抗体2的淋巴细胞(B细胞)进行融合，形成可分泌两种亲代抗体和杂种抗体的杂种一杂交瘤细胞(A-B)。细胞融合时需要用＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿或电刺激等方法诱导，融合后总共应该有＿＿＿＿＿种细胞(最多考虑两两融合)，用A、B字母表示出这些细胞组合＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

(4)双功能抗体在癌症治疗中可作为“生物导弹”：用其中一个V区识别癌细胞表面＿＿＿＿＿，用另一个V区将T细胞等杀伤细胞定向带到癌细胞所在的位置，这里，T细胞对癌细胞的攻击属于＿＿＿＿＿免疫。(5)细胞融合方法得到的双功能抗体，只是将两个不同抗体的V区集中到了一个抗体上，人们无法改变V区的结构。通过＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿技术，可以对双功能抗体的V区进行设计改造，使其更适合人类的需要。这种改造，最终还必须通过对＿＿＿＿＿分子的改造来完成。

第二篇：河南省郑州市2018年高中毕业年级第二次质量预测理科综合生物部分(word,含答案)

河南省郑州市2018年高中毕业年级第二次质量预测

理科综合试题卷（生物部分）

一、选择题：本大题共13小题，每小题6分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的

1.下列有关DNA和RNA的叙述正确的是

A.细菌的遗传物质是DNA和RNA，病毒的遗传物质是DNA或RNA B.转录过程遵循碱基互补配对原则，形成的RNA分子中则无碱基互补配对现象 C.同一种tRNA分子在不同细胞中转运的氨基酸不同 D.相同的DNA分子转录产物可能不同

2.下列关于人体内成熟红细胞的描述，正确的是

A.可以通过无丝分裂进行增殖

B.能产生ATP的场所有细胞质基质和线粒体

C.红细胞中血红蛋白的形成是细胞核内基因选择性表达的结果 D.在蒸馏水中，其吸水能力逐渐增强，以致于发生破裂

3.红细胞膜中的Na+/K+-APTase(ATP水解酶)的功能是水解ATP吸收K+。用一定的技术手段将红细胞细胞质置换成高浓度的K+溶液，并将其置于极高浓度Na+的环境中，就发生了如下图所示的生理过程。下列相关叙述错误的是

A.实验过程Na、K离子跨膜运输应该属于主动运输 B.上述生理过程还需要ADP和Pi C.该实验过程中离子浓度梯度驱动了ATP的形成

D.该实验证明了，不同环境条件下，同一种酶既可以催化ATP的水解，也可以催化ATP的合成

4.下图为神经骨骼肌接头亚显微结构图(相当于突触)，下列分析错误的是 ++

A.兴奋在神经骨骼肌接头处单向传递 B.神经递质的释放属于胞吐

C.神经递质在突触间隙中的移动消耗ATP D.突触小体是由轴突末梢经过多次分支，最后每个分支末端膨大形成的结构 5.下列有关植物体内生长素的叙述，错误的是

A.其合成的前体物质为色氨酸

B.既能防止落花落果，也能疏花疏果，这是其生理作用两重性的表现

C.光照能影响胚芽鞘尖端生长素的分布，但不能影响琼脂块中生长素的分布 D.其含量增高时，会促进乙烯的合成，二者通过协同作用共同调节植物的生长

6.玉米的某一性状有野生型和突变型，由一对基因B、b控制，杂合子中有87.5%的个体表现为突变型。某一个玉米群体自交，F1中出现两种表现型。下列有关分析错误的是

A.F1的基因频率与亲本相比不会发生改变 B.亲本可均为突变型

C.F1中的杂合子自交后代突变型︰野生型=11︰5 D.F1自由交配产生的F2中，突变型与野生型的比例不会发生改变

三、非选择题：包括必考题和选考题两部分。第22题~第32题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须做答。第33题~第38题为选考题，考生根据要求做答。(一)必考题：共129分。

29.(9分)下图为线粒体中蛋白质来源示意图，据此回答下列问题

(1)基因指导蛋白质合成过程中，在线粒体与细胞核中均可以发生的过程是_________，核糖体蛋白质合成场所是________。

(2)由图可知，氨酰一tRNA合成酶的作用是_______。线粒体DNA缺陷会导致某些疾病这些疾病只能通过_________传给后代。人们常将线粒体、叶绿体称为半自主性遗传的细胞器，结合上图，分析其原因是________。

(3)以下图中的两个氨基酸(分别称为R1和R2)合成二肽时，脱水缩合会形成_______种二肽化合物，因此在人工合成蛋白质时，需要先对相应氨基酸的氨基或羧基采取保护，再让“正确”的氨基和羧基之间发生脱水缩合，最后去掉第一步的保护得到所需的产物

每条肽链的一端有1个游离的氨基(称为多肽链的N端)，另一端有1个游离的羧基(称为多肽链的C端)。如果想让R1成为二肽的N端需要先对R1的____________(填“氨基”或“羧基”)进行保护，再让R1与R2进行反应。

30.(7分)某菠菜两个品种叶绿素含量、RuBP羧化酶(催化C5固定CO2)的活性关系如下表。下图显示表示两者在不同光照强度下的O2释放速率。由此回答下列问题：

(1)在测量叶绿素相对含量之前需要对色素进行提取，其原理是____________。

(2)有同学提出品种2叶绿素含量约是品种1的2倍故品种2光合作用速率应该强于品种1。这种说法对吗?请你说明理由：________________________________________。(3)光照强度低于P时，品种1光反应强度________(“大于”或“等于”或者“小于”)品种2，光照强度高于P时，限制品种1光合速率的主要环境因素是____________。31.(11分)动物进食时胰液的分泌受神经和体液双重调节，请回答下列问题。

(1)食物的形象、气味等对口腔食管、胃和小肠的刺激，都可通过反射引起胰液分泌，其中咀嚼食物引起的胰液分泌属于___________(填“条件”或“非条件”)反射。该反射的神经中枢__________(填“是”或“不是”)位于大脑皮层。

(2)当酸性食糜进入小肠后，可引起小肠上皮细胞分泌__________，运输至__________胰腺，作用于胰腺细胞。

(3)研究人员为了研究某种药物(PPI)对胰液分泌的影响，选取若干健康成年犬进行了相关的实验。请补充完善实验步骤，并对结果进行分析(PPI用生理盐水配置，给药方式为静脉注射，剂量为50mL，每12h一次)。

①将这些健康成年犬____________分为两组并编号，A为对照组，B为实验组。②________________________。

③各组每12h收集胰液一次，并测量胰液的分泌量，胰液中的淀粉酶、脂肪酶、总蛋白含量和pH值，结果如下表所示。

④实验结果表明：PP对正常犬的胰腺外分泌功能有明显的__________作用，主要表现为减少了胰液的分泌量，降低了胰液中的淀粉酶、脂肪酶、总蛋白的浓度和pH值。推测其作用机制可能是通过抑制胃内________的分泌，从而间接地抑制了胰腺的外分泌功能 32.(12分)果蝇的灰身(B)和黑身(b)、红眼(R)和白眼(r)分别受一对等位基因控制。B、b基因位于常染色体上，R、r基因位于X染色体上。下表是杂交实验结果：

(1)F1随机交配，试推断F2中红眼、白眼果蝇的性别分别是_________和_________。(2)现用纯合的灰身红眼雌果蝇与黑身白眼雄果蝇杂交，再让F1个体间杂交得到F2。预期F2可能出现的基因型有_________种，雄性中黑身白眼的概率是________。

(3)自然界中的果蝇雌雄个体中都有一些个体为黄翅，一些个体为灰翅，不知道黄翅和灰翅的显隐关系，但已知该对性状受一对等位基因控制。请你设计一个通过两组杂交实验(提示：一组为正交，一组反交)来判断这对等位基因是位于常染色体上还是X染色体上的方案。

正反交实验：正交__________________；反交__________________ 实验结果和结论：

________________________________________________________________________。(二)选考题：共45分。请考生从给出的2道物理题、2道化学题、2道生物题中每科任选一题作答，井用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选题目的题号涂黑，注意所做题目的题号必须与所涂题目的题号一致，在答题卡选答区域指定位置答题，如果多做，则每科按所做的第一题计分。

37.[生物—选修1：生物技术实践](15分)某些细菌能够合成纤维素——细菌纤维素(一种新型生物材料)。为了获得高产菌种，研究小组以木醋杆菌(一种好氧菌)为原始材料，拟通过紫外诱变的手段，筛选获得高产菌株A。请回答下列问题

(1)与酵母菌相比，木醋杆菌在结构上的最大不同是_________________。

(2)培养木醋杆菌的培养基中需要含有__________(填单糖名称)，所起到的作用有__________。

(3)用紫外线可诱导木醋杆菌发生________，由于该变异_________，所以在筛选之前需要对诱变后的菌液进行富集培养(将特定微生物的数量比例不断增高的一种培养方法)(4)从富集好的菌液中分离并计数所需菌种常用的方法是________，木醋杆菌产生纤维素的同时还会产生葡萄糖酸，葡萄糖酸会和培养基中的碳酸钙反应使培养基变透明，所以在加了碳酸钙的固体培养基上，需要挑选菌落直径/透明圈________(填“较大”或“较小”)的菌落进行进一步的筛选。

(5)可以用_______方法对上一步挑选出来的菌落进行进一步的纯化。该方法中，每次划线前都要对接种环进行_______，冷却后再从________开始划线。38.[生物——选修3：现代生物科技专题](15分)抗体的结构如右图所示它有两条H链和两条L链组成。同一物种C区氨基酸序列恒定，不同抗体结合抗原的V区氨基酸序列有差异。

(1)在生物体内，抗体是由____________细胞分泌的，该细胞可以来自于___________增殖分化。

(2)传统方法获取抗体时，需要将相应的抗原反复注射到动物体内，从动物的___________中分离抗体。显然，这种方法产生的抗体产量和纯度等都很低，特异性差，单克隆抗体的出现，克服了传统抗体的不足，单克隆抗体是指___________。

(3)天然的抗体左右两个V区结构完全相同，只能结合相同的抗原。通过一定技术手段可以得到双功能抗体(又叫双特异性抗体)，它的两个V区能结合不同的抗原。制备双功能抗体的基本方法如下：将能分泌抗体1的杂交瘤细胞(A细胞)与能分泌抗体2的淋巴细胞(B细胞)进行融合，形成可分泌两种亲代抗体和杂种抗体的杂种一杂交瘤细胞(A-B)。细胞融合时需要用__________、__________或电刺激等方法诱导，融合后总共应该有__________细胞(最多考虑两两融合)，用A、B字母表示出这些细胞组合_________。

(4)双功能抗体在癌症治疗中可作为“生物导弹”：用其中一个V区识别癌细胞表面_________，用另一个V区将T细胞等杀伤细胞定向带到癌细胞所在的位置，这里，T细胞对癌细胞的攻击属于__________免疫。

(5)细胞融合方法得到的双功能抗体，只是将两个不同抗体的V区集中到了一个抗体上，人们无法改变V区的结构。通过__________技术，可以对双功能抗体的V区进行设计改造，使其更适合人类的需要。这种改造，最终还必须通过对__________分子的改造来完成。

第三篇：2015届河南省郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测理科语文试卷F

1.古诗文名句填空积累（8分）

【小题1】春潮带雨晚来急，________________。【小题2】______________，崔九堂前几度闻。【小题3】当窗理云鬓，__________________。【小题4】________________，各领风骚数百年。【小题5】“________________，________________”《逢入京使》中的这两句形象地写出了诗人离开家乡时对亲人的难舍之情。【小题6】朋友对你的进步表现出吃惊的神情，你可以用《孙权劝学》中的“_______________，________________”来回应他。

2.古诗文名句默写。（8分）【小题1】子在川上曰：“___________，不舍昼夜。”（《论语子罕》）【小题2】日月之行，若出其中；_________________，若出其里。（曹操《观沧海》）【小题3】_______________，风正一帆悬。（王湾《次北固山下》）【小题4】_______________，禅房花木深。（常建《题破山寺后禅院》）【小题5】无可奈何花落去，__________________。（晏殊《浣溪沙》）【小题6】问渠那得清如许？________________（朱熹《观书有感》）【小题7】李白《闻王昌龄左迁标遥有此寄》中的“________________，_________________”表达了作者对远方朋友的思念。

1.大风 莫言

我家后面有一条弯弯曲曲的胶河，沿着高高的河堤向东北方向走七里左右路，就到了一片方圆数千亩的荒草甸子。每年夏天，爷爷都去那儿割草。我爷爷的镰刀磨得快，割草技术高，割下来的草干净，不拖泥带水。

最早跟爷爷去荒草甸子割草，是刚过了七岁生日不久的一天。堤顶是一条灰白的小路，路的两边长满野草，行人的脚压迫得它们很瑟缩，但依然是生气勃勃的。爷爷的步子轻悄悄的，走得不紧不慢，听不到脚步声。田野里丝线流苏般的玉米缨儿，刀剑般的玉米叶儿，刚秀出的高粱穗儿，很结实的谷子尾巴，都在雾中时隐时现。河堤上的绿草叶儿上挂着亮晶晶 的露水珠儿，微微颤抖着，对我打着招呼。

田野里很寂静，爷爷漫不经心地哼起歌子来： 一匹马踏破了铁甲连环 一杆枪杀败了天下好汉 一碗酒消解了三代的冤情 一文钱难住了盖世的英雄„„

坦荡荡的旷野上缓慢地爬行着爷爷悲壮苍凉的歌声。听着歌声，我感到陡然间长大了不少，童年似乎就消逝在这条灰白的镶着野草的河堤上。

他带着我去找老茅草，老茅草含水少，干得快，牲口也爱吃。爷爷提着一把大镰刀，我提着一柄小镰刀，在一片茅草前蹲下来。“看我怎么割。”爷爷示范给我看。他并不认真教我，比画了几下子就低头割他的草去了。他割草的姿势很美，动作富有节奏。我试着割了几下，很累，厌烦了，扔下镰刀，追鸟捉蚂蚱去了。不知何时，天上布满了大块的黑云

我帮着爷爷把草装上车，小车像座小山包一样。大堤弯弯曲曲，刚走出里把路，黑云就把太阳完全遮住了。天地之间没有了界限，我竟然感到一种莫名的恐惧。回头看爷爷，爷爷的脸木木的，一点表情也没有。

河堤下的庄稼叶子忽然动了起来，但没有声音。河里也有平滑的波浪涌起，同样没有声音。很高很远的地方似乎传来了世上没有的声音，天地之间变成紫色，还有扑鼻的干草气息、野蒿子的苦味和野菊花幽幽的香气。

在我们的前方，出现了一个黑色的、顶天立地的圆柱。圆柱飞速旋转着，向我们逼过来，紧接着传来沉闷如雷鸣的呼噜声。“爷爷，那是什么？” “风。”

爷爷淡淡地说：“使劲拉车吧，孩子。”说着，他弯下了腰。我们钻进了风里，听不到什么声音，只感到有两个大巴掌在使劲扇着耳门子，鼓膜嗡嗡地响。堤下的庄稼像接到命令的士兵，一齐倒伏下去。

爷爷双手攥着车把，脊背绷得像一张弓。他的双腿像钉子一样钉在堤上，腿上的肌肉像树根一样条条棱棱地凸起来。风把车上半干不湿的茅草揪出来，扬起来，小车在哆嗦。爷爷的双腿开始颤抖了，汗水从他背上流下来。

夕阳不动声色地露出来，河里通红通红，像流动着冷冷的铁水。庄稼慢慢地直起腰。爷爷像一尊青铜塑像一样保持着用力的姿势。我高呼着：“爷爷，风过去了。”

他慢慢地放下车子，费劲地直起腰，我看到他的手指都蜷曲着不能伸直了。风把我们车上的草全卷走了，不、还有一棵草夹在车梁的榫缝里。我把那棵草举着给爷爷看，一根普通的老茅草，也不知是红色还是绿色。“爷爷，就剩下一棵草了。”我有点懊丧地说． “天黑了，走吧。”爷爷说着，弯腰推起了小车。

我举着那棵草，跟着爷爷走了一会儿，就把它随手扔在堤下淡黄色的暮色中了。【小题1】莫言说：“我是一个讲故事的人”，请用简洁的语言分点概括本文的主要故事情节 【小题2】根据要求回答问题。

(1)“坦荡荡的旷野上缓慢地爬行着爷爷悲壮苍凉的歌声”一句中，“爬行”一词表达上有什么作用？

（2）品味“我们钻进了风里”一句中“钻”的妙处。

【小题3】阅读文中画波浪线文字，结合全文说说爷爷是个怎样的人。【小题4】文中画直线的段落描写了大风降临前的情形，请简要赏析。【小题5】小说中“我”这个人物形象有哪些作用？

2.让文明素养追上现代化的脚步 李浩燃

①“海星被摸死！模型巨蜥的脚趾也被摸断了！”最近一则微信广泛传播，从一个侧面表明，开馆不足一个月的上海自然博物馆，陷入了喜忧参半的处境。博物馆受公众热捧令人欣喜，但观展过程中暴露出的不文明行为，又引人忧虑。②事实上，“海星被摸死”只是网上持续热议的文明话题的一个新注脚。从埃及卢克索神庙浮雕到成都武侯祠《前出师表》石刻，“路培国”们的“到此一游”刻字，至今没有绝迹；向空服人员泼面、攀爬红军雕塑照相，种种劣行仍然在各种场合上演。而一波未平一波又起的“成都女司机被打”事件，一些地方出现的当街暴打妇孺现象，更引来群情激愤。③无论是出境旅游的不良行为被媒体打“差评”，还是公路上的违章驾驶、危险飙车等，许多不文明现象，可说是腰包“鼓起来”、生活“阔起来”后遭遇的社会发展新课题。搭乘着城镇化、现代化的时代快车，许多人逐步远离了物质匮乏的窘迫，又浑然不觉地陷入了另一种窘境。“发展的列车匆匆驶过精神的站台，现实的变化把心灵的地图抛在身外。”充满诗意的语言，道出了一些人“脑袋”轻于“口袋”、灵魂跟不上身体的尴尬状态。如果从社会层面来思考，公民文明素养如何与现代化同步，精神文明如何与物质文明比翼齐飞，已经成为亟待破解的现实课题。④恩格斯说，“国家是文明社会的概括”。作为社会主义核心价值观的一个关键词汇，“文明”折射国家发展的境界、社会进步的状态，是凝聚当代中国价值公约数的重要平台。应当看到，文明不仅仅需要被唤醒，更应在制度设计层面体现软硬结合、标本兼治。日前，继《游客不文明行为记录管理暂行办法》正式施行近一个月后，国家旅游局公布首批全国游客不文明行为记录。大闹亚航、强行打开飞机应急舱门、攀爬红军雕塑照相等不文明事件的四个当事人被列入“黑名单”，便是一种积极的尝试。惩恶扬善、久久为功，以不断加大的外力强化约束，让放纵自我、妨碍他人、侵害公序良俗的行为付出代价，方能防止“破窗效应”，变压力为动力，促使文明变成公民的行为自觉与生活方式。

⑤看得见的硬伤容易修复，看不见的短板却难补齐。罗马不是一天建成的，文明也不可能一蹴而就。从不文明到文明，从文明的较低层次向较高层次递进，自然需要一个“进化”的过程。从这个角度出发，我们也不应一味批评公民素质参差不齐，更当以每一次问题暴露为契机，优化管理方式、加强机制构建，真正从治理现代化的高度推进文明建设，依靠“制度文明”稳步提升“公民文明”，不断推高全社会的文明水位。

⑥文明不是空洞浮泛的口号，仰赖一点一滴的践行去成全。因此，与其做一个对不文明现象义愤填膺的“键盘侠”，莫如迈出坚实步伐，用双手书写文明的笔画。你的文明，或许就存在于银行ATM机的一米线旁，展现于人潮涌动的公交车站牌下，闪耀在川流不息的行车道中。如果说，遵守公共空间的秩序与规则是底线要求，那么，主动为别人着想、做社会关系的润滑剂，则是更高境界。从这个意义出发，知行合一，做一个更加文明的公民，其实也是在打造一个更好的自己，过一种更值得过的生活。⑦一位西班牙作家说过，“礼貌是人类共处的金钥匙”。文明是世间最动人的语言，一个视文明为阳光的国家、一个视德行如生命的民族，让文明素养追赶上现代化的脚步，必将更富有魅力，也必能赢得真诚的尊重。【小题1】选文的中心论点是什么？

【小题2】选文前三段例举众多不文明现象有何目的？ 【小题3】文章第⑤段运用了哪种论证方法？有什么作用？

【小题4】在下边横线处按例句的结构样式仿写一组句子，使其上下文连贯。

你的文明，或许就存在于银行ATM机的一米线旁，展现于人潮涌动的公交车站牌下，闪耀在川流不息的行车道中。你的文明，或许__________，__________。

【小题5】下列对文章内容的理解与分析不正确的一项是（）A．文章最后一段西班牙作家的话，强调了文明是公民交际中必须具备的素养。B．文章第⑤段加点的词语呼应紧密，既对公民有宽容的心态，又从制度建设的高度指出了提高公民素养的路径。C．“看得见的硬伤容易修复，看不见的短板却难补齐。”这里的“短板”指的是公民素养的严重缺失。D．为了制止游客不文明行为，国家旅游局制定了《游客不文明行为记录管理暂行办法》，有了这个管理办法，就能从根本上杜绝游客种种不文明现象。

1.阅读下文，完成下题。

余幼好书，家贫难致。有张氏藏书甚富。往借，不与，归而形诸梦。其切如是。故有所览辄省记。通籍后，俸去书来，落落大满，素蟫灰丝时蒙卷轴。然后叹借者之用心专，而少时之岁月为可惜也!今黄生贫类予，其借书亦类予；惟予之公书与张氏之吝书若不相类。然则予固不幸而遇张乎，生固幸而遇予乎?知幸与不幸，则其读书也必专，而其归书也必速。【小题1】《黄生借书说》的作者是朝的（人名）。【小题2】用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。往借，不与，归而形诸梦。

【小题3】下列理解不正确的一项是（）A．选文表述了“知幸与不幸，则其读书也必专，而其归书也必速。”的观点。B．作者感叹“可惜”是因为在那段少时岁月，借书读反而促使自己认真读书。C．“若不相类”体现了“予之公书”与“张氏之吝书”的确是不一样的。D．“固”解释为“本来”，表明“幸”与“不幸”在一定条件下可以转化。

2.阅读文言文，完成第下题。

屈原至于江滨，被发行吟泽畔，颜色憔悴，形容枯槁。渔父见而问之曰：“子非三闾大夫欤？何故而至此？”屈原曰：“举世混浊而我独清，众人皆醉而我独醒，是以见放。”渔父曰：“夫圣人者，不凝滞于物而能与世推移。举世混浊，何不随其流而扬其波？众人皆醉，何不哺其糟①而啜其醨②？何故怀瑾握瑜而自令见放为？”屈原曰：“吾闻之，新沐者必弹冠，新浴者必振衣。人又谁能以身之察察③，受物之汶汶④者乎？宁赴常流而葬乎江鱼腹中耳，又安能以皓皓之白而蒙世之温蠖⑤乎！” 乃作《怀沙》之赋。

于是怀石遂自投汨罗以死。屈原既死之后，楚有宋玉、唐勒、景差之徒者，皆好辞而以赋见称。然皆祖屈原之从容辞令，终莫敢直谏。其后楚日以削，数十年竟为秦所灭。——《史记·屈原列传》（节选）注释：①糟：酒渣。②醨（lí）：薄酒。③察察：洁白的样子。④汶（mén）汶：浑浊的样子。⑤温蠖（huò）：尘滓重积的样子。【小题1】解释下列句中加点的词。（1）被发行吟泽畔（）（2）举世混浊而我独清（）（3）屈原既死之后（）（4）其后楚日以削（）

【小题2】下列加点词的意义和用法都相同的一组是（）A．渔父见而问之曰辍耕之垄上（《陈涉世家》）B．众人皆醉而我独醒而吾以捕蛇独存（《捕蛇者说》）C．皆好辞而以赋见称不以物喜（《岳阳楼记》）D．数十年竟为秦所灭不足为外人道也（《桃花源记》）【小题3】翻译下列句子。

（1）然皆祖屈原之从容辞令，终莫敢直谏。（2）一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭。（《曹刿论战》）（3）退而甘食其土之有，以尽吾齿。（《捕蛇者说》）【小题4】屈原被流放的原因是（用原句回答）。屈原投江的原因是（用自己的话回答）。

1.阅读下面古诗词，完成小题。甘露寺多景楼① 曾巩②

欲收嘉景此楼中，徙倚阑干四望通。云乱水光浮紫翠，天含山气入青红。一钟呗③淮南月，万里帆樯海外风。老去衣襟尘土在，只将心目羡冥鸿?。

【注释】①多景楼：在今江苏镇江北固山甘露寺内。曾巩中年后离乡宦游，曾登临此楼，写下了这首诗。②曾巩：北宋散文家，江西南丰人，嘉祐年间进士。③钟呗：梵音的歌咏。?冥鸿：指飞入远天的鸿雁。【小题1】下列对诗歌表达的感情分析，正确的一项是（）A．抒发不安于现状、不甘于平庸的远大抱负。B．感叹时光流逝，抒发怀念故乡的情感。C．抒发对官场黑暗现实的不满，向往隐居的生活。D．抒发对祖国大好河山的热爱之情。【小题2】下列对诗歌赏析不正确的一项是（）A．首联总写多景楼的形胜，提挈全篇，突出了多景楼居高临下、视野开阔的特点。B．“云乱水光浮紫翠”，着重一个“浮”字，写波光云影的迷离掩不住巍峨的碧瓦红楼，写出了动态美。C．“天含山气入青红”，用一“入”字，刻画出霞光山色的浓彩浸染了黄昏的远天，化动为静。D．诗人抓住了富有特色的景物，使之构成一副色彩明丽、山川掩映的壮阔画面，给人美的享受。

2.阅读下面的古诗，完成两小题。秋夜山居 唐·施肩吾

去雁声遥人语绝，谁家素机①织新雪，秋山野客②醉醒时，百尺老松衔半月。【注释】①素机：织布机②野客：离乡在外的游客

【小题1】诗歌首句“ __________ ”一词点明了时令属“秋”。【小题2】诗中“衔”字向来为人称道，请你说说它好在哪里。

1.天下大事，必作于细。一个善意的微笑，能让人感觉到你的善良；一句平淡的问候，能让人感受到温暖的友情；一份工整的作业，能体现你认真的学习态度；一次不经意的礼让，能显示你宽容大度的胸怀„„ 请以“于细微处见”为题，在空格内填入合适的词语后写一篇文章，体裁自定，立意自选，600字左右，不能出现真实校名、地名、人名。

第四篇：郑州市2014年高中毕业年级第二次质量预测题生物答案

2014年高中毕业年级第二次质量预测

生物参考答案

一、选择题

1．B2．C3．D4．D5．D6．C

二、非选择题（除注明的外，每空1分）

29．（10分）

（1）空间结构大豆

（2）亚硫酸氢钠浓度和不同农作物（2分）排除无关变量的干扰

（3）C3的还原类囊体结构的薄膜上否

（4）在200~300 ppm之间进行多组亚硫酸氢钠溶液浓度梯度平行实验（2分）

30．（10分）

（1）淋巴因子记忆B（淋巴）细胞自身免疫病

（2）Ⅰ．①抗体②胸腺③向A、B组小鼠各注射适量且等量的H7N9禽流感病毒疫苗Ⅱ．①抗体含量不变抗体含量增加②抗体含量增加抗体含量增加

31．（11分）

Ⅰ．（1）两者在杂交过程中都保持完整性和独立性；两者都是在体细胞中成对存在，生殖细胞中减半；成对存在的基因或染色体都是一个来自父方，一个来自母方；在形成配子时，非同源染色体以及非等位基因都表现出自由组合。（写出任意两项即可，每项1分，计2分）

（2）类比推理果蝇的白眼基因

Ⅱ．（1）控制酶的合成控制代谢过程

（2）BbXAXa（2分）BbXaY（2分）

（3）深红眼雌蝇∶猩红眼雌蝇∶深红眼雄蝇∶猩红眼雄蝇∶无色雄蝇=6∶2∶3∶4∶1（2分）

32．（8分）

（1）食物链

（2）捕食者（植食性鱼类）增多竞争者（浮游藻类）大量繁殖

（3）饵料中的能量生产者固定的太阳能

（4）减少

（5）凌晨水中的溶解氧含量最低

39．（15分）

（1）酵母菌20培养液的缺氧环境及酵母菌产生大量酒精能抑制绝大多数微生物的生长繁殖（2分）

（2）过程③所用酵母菌是兼性厌氧型，过程④所用醋酸菌是好氧型（2分）

酶 C2H5OH+O2CH3COOH+H2O（2分）

（3）芳香油含量较高压榨压榨

（4）焦糊水解

（5）植物组织培养高压蒸汽灭菌

40．（15分）

（1）基因组文库PCR热稳定DNA聚合酶（Taq酶）显微注射滋养层

（2）核移植胚胎移植（3）体外受精

（4）相同胚胎分割将内细胞团均等分割（2分）

（5）胰蛋白酶饲养层（6）（动物）血清

第五篇：2018年郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测 英语

2018年郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测英语

二、阅读理解 第一节

A Chinese movie theaters are never running short on youth films.Youth(芳华)，directed by Feng Xiaogang, was released in December, 2017 and hit the screen.But this one is different: It is dedicated to the youth of our parents’ generation.Set in the 1970s, the story begins in a military art troupe(部队文工团)，in which the soldiers’ duties are to sing, dance and promote culture.He Xiaoping, a newcomer, is a talented dancer.With a painful childhood, she wants to make a fresh start in the troupe, yet her family background makes her the laughing stock(笑柄)among the other girls.The only person who is nice to her is Liu Feng, a kind and unselfish man.In most youth films, the characters’ life paths are only influenced by their own choices.However, the young people in Youth are also a part of “the whirlwind(旋风)of historical changes”, as film critic Justin Chang wrote in the Los Angeles Times.In a period of more than 30 years, they have to experience the Cultural Revolution and the Sino-Vietnamese Conflict, during which Liu Feng loses one arm and He Xiaoping suffers from a mental illness.The disbandment(解散)of the troupe also tears them away from the life and people they are so familiar with, throwing them into a new life they know nothing about.They all have to learn “to make peace with the past and make the most of the present”, wrote reporter Giovanna Fulvi on the website Tiff.net.But there’s still something that never changes about youth.No matter what time of history it is, people share the same longing for love and beauty.Sunshine, laughter and swimming pools—these typical images of youth are all well kept in Mr.Feng’s new films.According to ifeng News, Youth is actually a nostalgic(怀旧的)and personal work that Mr.Feng dedicates to his own experiences of working in a troupe.“When I look back in time, everything in my life seems to be black and white,” he said, “The days in the troupe are the only part of my memory that always remains colorful.”

21.What influenced He Xiaoping’s and Liu Feng’s lives most? A.Historical changes B.Their own personalities C.Their family backgrounds D.Their longing for love and beauty 22.Why did Feng Xiaogang direct the film Youth? A.To show the cruelty of the war.B.To urge people to value their youth.C.To recall the days when he worked in the troupe.D.To describe the life during the Cultural Revolution.23.What do we know about the youth in different generations according to the text? A.They all treat sunshine and laughter as the typical images of themselves.B.In our parents’ generation, they don’t love beauty due to political reasons.C.They long for totally different things varying from generation to generation.D.Though they live in different times, they still have something in common.B Eight years before his death in 1986, Alfred Nobel was surprised to read an obituary(讣告)in the local newspaper.This was a strange obituary, for it told Alfred Nobel, the man who was reading it, that he was dead.The newspaper had confused Alfred with his brother, Ludwig, who had recently died.Nobel was shocked to read that he had passed away, and he was even more annoyed by the title of the obituary: The Merchant of Death Is Dead.Alfred was a very rich and successful armaments manufacturer.(武器制造商)。This incident got him thinking about his reputation.What would people think of him after his real death? Would they really say “That was a man who profited from killing”? It was this thought that led him to leave his money---a huge amount of it---for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.His aim was for his money to be used to support the ongoing quest(追求)for excellence in the sciences and literature, and the ideal of peace.Thousands of men and women have been honored since the first awards were given out in 1901.The awards let the world know about the developments that may have a huge effect on our lives.However, the prizes are controversial sometimes.There is often protest(抗议)at the award of the peace prize when not everyone thinks that the award-winners deserve the award.Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award committee often neglects important writers.The highly influential novelists James Joyce and Marcel Proust, for example, were never honored by the Swedish Academy.Still, for the most part of the awards don’t cause many complaints.Alfred Nobel founded the prizes to recognize those who have had “the greatest benefit to mankind” and few would disagree that most of the prizewinners---among them.Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King---have made contribution that deserve to be honored and remembered.24.How did Alfred Nobel feel when he read the obituary in the newspaper? A.Sad and worried B.Shocked and upset.C.Surprised and confused D.Amused and puzzled.25.What did Alfred Nobel decide to do after reading the obituary? A.Seek excellence in the sciences.B.Donate all his money to the charity.C.Stop producing any killing weapons.D.Set up the Nobel prizes with his money.26.Why does the author mention James Joyce and Marcel Proust? A.To show the controversy of some Nobel prizes.B.To give examples of influential Nobel prizes.C.To explain the standard of giving out the Nobel prizes.D.To prove the influence of the Nobel prizes on literature.27.What does the author think of the Nobel prizes? A.There should be more female winners.B.There are too many controversial winners.C.They have honored many worthy winners.D.The committee should be more selective.C Though not as much as in the past, grandparents are the teachers of the Navajo(纳瓦霍人)youth.They make young people aware of life at an early age.The parents allow them the privilege of teaching the children, and the grandparents take great pride in raising them.Young children often stay with their grandparents for years at a time, developing a close and trusting relationship.The grandparents teach them Navajo legends and the principle of life, emphasizing both new culture trends and the preservation of traditions.The grandparents are also the leading figure in teaching the youth the arts of weaving, caring for the livestock, using herbal medicine, and other arts and crafts.The children are taught to respect their elders, care for them, help them and learn from them.Young people are urged to listen with care to the words of their elders and keep as much wisdom as possible.Grandparents often go to social gatherings and traditional events, and young people have opportunities to learn more about their culture and traditions.I lived with my grandmother for thirteen years, and she raised me in the old ways of our people.Although I was going to school, she taught me as much as she could about our traditions.If I had a chance, I would listen again to her wise teachings, expressed with kindness in a soft voice that touched my heart.We used to plant corn and pumpkin every summer.They never grew big enough to feed us, but we planted them anyway.I asked my grandmother why.She said, “Grandson, our plants will be far more beautiful than the flowers outside the fence.” I didn’t understand until one day I saw their beauty as I was coming over the hill with her.She said, “Anything that is a part of you is always far more beautiful than the things which you pass by.” We had some beautiful years together.I’m glad she is a part of me and I’m a part of her.Children used to be well disciplined, possessing more respect for culture, traditions and beliefs than they do now.The world of the Navajo has been influenced by the western world, and the grandparents have less control and influence than they used to.But the young people who have been touched by their teachings have glimpsed a way of life beyond what most people know today.28.What can be inferred from the first paragraph? A.Grandparents are the source of traditional culture.B.Parents hate to take the trouble to raise their children.C.Early schooling isn’t very popular with the young Navajo.D.Children learn about the meaning of life from their grandparents.29.The underlined word “figure” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ” A.persons B.pioneers C.examples D.representatives 30.Why did the author’s grandmother plant corn and pumpkin? A.She had to feed her family members.B.She tried to make full use of her garden.C.She wanted her grandson to learn a life lesson.D.She expected her grandson to learn about farming.31.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A.To honor his beloved grandmother.B.To stress the greatness of the Navajo.C.To share with readers a Navajo culture.D.To show the influence of Navajo traditions.D Many years ago, people relied on the sun, the moon and stars to find their way around.Later, the compass was introduced.And now, we have satnav(卫星导航)systems to guide us.A satnav system uses groups of satellites to show the user’s location.They send information to a receiver, such as a smart phone, to show us where we are.The earliest built satnav system is the Global Positioning System, which belongs to the US.Then there is Russia’s Global Navigation(导航)Satellite System, the European Union’s Galileo and China’s own satellite navigation system, BeiDou.On October 14, 2017, an ARJ21-700 plane, which was the first domestically-produced jet equipped with the BeiDou navigation system, successfully completed a test flight.The results showed the performance of the system developed by China matches that of similar systems produced aboard, according to the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China.Since its introduction in 2000, the Beidou navigation system has seen increasing numbers of applications linked to everyday life, from shared bikes to farming.When it comes to shared bikes, smart locks that support BeiDou chips offer more accurate positioning than others, making it easier to find a bike.Farmers can use BeiDou-enabled tractors to plow(犁)the soil and use unmanned aircraft with BeiDou to sow seeds, which can improve efficiency and make better use of resources.BeiDou’s farming applications have spread from Heilongjiang province to Beijing, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hubei and other regions across China.With its many uses, the Beidou navigation system is even playing a big role in the Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路).“To date, the BeiDou system has covered most parts of the Asia-Pacific region, as well as counties along the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road” said Yang Changfeng, Chief designer of the BeiDou system.Today, there are more than 20 BeiDou satellites above our heads, and China plans to launch even more this year to expand the BeiDou network to better serve the Belt and Road Initiative.“As BeiDou expands its overseas reach, it well be increasingly popular in the logistics(物流)industry,” said Miao Qianjun, secretary-general of the navigation services association.“Ships, for example, can use it to position themselves while sailing across oceans to European countries, no longer limited to Southeast Asian regions in the near future.”

32.What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs? A.To compare some modern satnav systems.B.To describe the benefits of satnav systems.C.To tell us how satnav systems were created.D.To introduce some satnav systems and their functions.33.What can we know about the Bei Dou navigation system according to the article? A.It was used successfully in a new jet plane.B.It is more powerful than other satnav systems.C.It was introduced to China on October 14, 2017.D.It wasn’t used in our everyday life until recently.34.According to the article, the BeiDou navigation system is already widely used for.A.plowing the soil and sowing seeds B.improving the efficiency of networks.C.producing more smart locks for shared bikes.D.navigating ships across oceans to European countries.35.What is Miao Qianjun’s attitude toward the future of the BeiDou system? A.worried B.casual C.positive D.doubtful

第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Whether they're for a teenager or not, all great stories have certain elements： they have interesting characters we enjoy reading about;they show these characters in a world we can recognize and understand.36The main character faces a problem, usually quite a serious one.The thing that most draws us into reading the story is the way the character deals with the problem--whether they get the better of it, or it gets the better of them.Characters in a book for young adults are generally young adults themselves.37 On the one hand, they’re not children anymore.They’re growing up and want to stretch their wings.On the other hand, they're not yet adults.They can’t do certain things, they're not yet able to do them or because the world tells them that they can't.To make things even more complicated, almost all young adults feel at some point that the whole growing-up process is happening too quickly.38 This year, TEENS has selected seven of the ten books nominated(提名)for the US 2017 National Book Awards in the categories of Young people's literature.Some stories are specifically written for teenagers or young adults, meaning that their authors are very sensitive to the “in-between” nature of teenage life.They're about problems that appear for young people because of tensions between them and their parents and teachers, their siblings(兄弟姐妹), or wider society.Often, these problems are presented very seriously by writers.39 At the same time, fiction isn't supposed to be just about the challenges people face in life, but also about how people overcome those problems.40 They discover something about themselves that they never knew before, and which enables them to succeed.And the solution that they find opens the future up to them, setting them on the path to adulthood.A.And they are in a challenging period of life.B.But most importantly, great stories have a central drama.C.To some degree, a challenge brings out the best in a character.D.But that's what teenagers want in fiction: to be taken seriously.E.They want to hold back a little and remain a child a little longer.F.These are stories that someone of any age could pick up and enjoy.G.When closing a good book, we feel we’ve learned something about ourselves.第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空

One autumn morning, I spotted a pair of wild geese on our pond.The beautiful sight caught me by 41 because I’d never seen geese there before.Thinking they would soon leave, I 42 the chance to get close to them.I wondered where they came from and why they had chosen our pond.The next morning, the geese were still my 43.I walked round to the mailbox, showing them I meant to no harm.44 , I couldn't resist getting a 45 look.I hid behind some trees and 46 the handsome pair quietly through the branches.I was surprised to see they were staring at me, too!As days passed, I started 47 to them on my trips to the mailbox.They craned(伸长)their necks and raised their heads 48 , but seemed to realize I was their friend.By then, my curiosity about 49 they were staying so long at the pond changed to 50.As they were feeding in the grass the other day, I discovered the reason for their 51 : the male had a broken left wing.He couldn’t 52 , and his faithful mate wouldn’t leave him behind.I asked a biologist what to do.He explained that sometimes a 53 wing will heal by itself and suggested letting nature take its course.On the first day of November, I was working in the neighborhood of the geese with my tractor.As I bent to fasten a chain from the tractor, I 54 some movement from the corner of my eye.Both geese were running towards the pond.Their wings were 55 like crazy, struggling for takeoff.Gradually, they flew over the pond.They 56 enough altitude to fly past a neighbor’s house, and then circled back towards me, flying no more than 50 feet over my head as if to say goodbye.Then they were out of my 57.The season’s first snowflakes fell the very next day.The birds must have 58 that winter was coming, and it was time to go.I became fond of them during their 59 visit to our pond, and now I miss them.I’ll never forget their 60 to each other.41.A.accident B.surprise C.nature D.fortune 42.A.increased B.created C.deserved D.valued 43.A.guests B.puzzles C.fellows D.friends 44.A.Instead B.Therefore C.Still D.Anyhow 45.A.closer B.quicker C.quieter D.broader 46.A.approached B.calmed C.observed D.protected 47.A.turning B.attending C.driving D.talking 48.A.firmly B.cautiously C.warmly D.proudly 49.A.why B.when C.how D.whether 50.A.sympathy B.rescue C.pleasure D.concern 51.A.companion B.visit C.settlement D.care 52.A.recover B.survive C.fly D.return 53.A.weak B.folded C.broken D.flightless 54.A.held B.caught C.directed D.made 55.A.spreading B.sweeping C.trembling D.beating 56.A.gained B.set C.discovered D.lost 57.A.reach B.sight C.control D.help 58.A.concluded B.indicated C.sensed D.confirmed 59.A.unexpected B.casual C.regular D.short 60.A.contribution B.promise C.treat D.devotion

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡响应的位置上。

Like all big cities, Paris has a traffic problem: lots of cars, traffic jams and pollution from exhaust fumes(废气).So since 2007, the City__ 61___(begin)a plan to improve the situation.Under the Velib scheme(公共自行车计划), people can take a bicycle ,use it as long as they want, and then leave it at the same or another bicycle station.The first half-hour is free,___ 62___if you don’t return it after 30minutes, you have to pay.It’s ￠1 a day or 29 a year.The bicycles are as heavy as 25kilograms, and they are all grey ,and have___63___(basket).There are a large number of them in the city ,and the bicycle stations are more than the subway stations。

Paris isn't the first city_64__(operate)a scheme like this.Not everybody thinks it' s a great idea.One Parisian(巴黎人)said，“These bicycles are only suitable ___65___ short journeys.If people want to travel across the city, they won’t use a bicycle-they'll still use the cars.A city spokesman said, “The bicycle scheme won't solve all our trafficproblems, but it might work in__66___(reduce)air pollution.Traffic, together with factory fumes, ___67___(be)a big problem.Everyone knows about global warming and dramatic climate changes---we know this is partly because rainforests are ___68___（gradual）disappearing.And it's also because there's so much pollution.There aren't any simple answers to traffic problems and pollution in cities, but the bicycles might help people lead a healthier life.___(69)__we do something now, there'll be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise, so the problems in our environment will get even___(70)___(bad).第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其正下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（╲）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词正下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词，请严格按照要求格式修改。

只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last year my class went on the skiing trip to the mountains.We have already been to the same place the year before and it had been a wonderfully experience.When we arrived at there, It had snowed heavily the day before and there were terrible storm.At breakfast the next day，everyone there told us not to go skiing because of the bad weather, but we decide to go anyway.When we got to the mountain top, that started snowing again.The hotel had given us some sandwiches to take along, so we ate them since we were waiting for the weather to improve.But it didn’t and soon we really felt very frightening.Luckily, I had my cell phone in my bag.I called the emergency services, at last they sent a helicopter to save us.第二节书面表达(满分25分)假定你是李华，你的加拿大笔友Cindy来信说她想了解你的家乡的情况，请 你用英语给她回复,简要介绍你的家乡的地理位置、气候特点、著名景点、主要 物产以及近年来的变化等，并邀请她来做客。注意: 1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

21.A 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.D 26.A 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.C 31.C 32.D 33.A 34.A 35.C 36.B 37.A 38.E 39.D 40.C 41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.A 46.C 47.D 48.B 49.A 50.D 51.B 52.C 53.C 54.B 55.D 56.A 57.B 58.C 59.A 60.D 61.has begun 62.but / yet 63.baskets 64.to operate 65.for 66.reducing 67.is 68.gradually 69.Unless 70.worse

三、短文改错：

Last year my class went on the skiing trip to the mountains.We have already been to the 71.a 72.had same place the year before and it had been a wonderfully experience.73.wonderful When we arrived at there, it had snowed heavily the day before and there were terrible 74 storm.At breakfast the next day, everyone there told us not to go skiing because of the bad 75.storms weather, but we decide to go anyway.When we got to the mountain top, that started snowing 76.decided 77.it again.The hotel had given us some sandwiches to take along, so we ate them since we were

78.while/as/when waiting for the weather to improve.But it didn’t and soon we really felt very frightening.Luckily，79.frightened I had my cell phone in my bag.I called the emergency services, ∧ at last they sent a helicopter

80.and to save us.书面表达

Possible Version I Hi Cindy, I’m happy to receive your letter.Now I’m gladto tell you something about my hometown,Zhengzhou.Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henanprovince, is located in the middle of China.We feel comfortable all year around with a pleasant climate.There are many places of interest here, such asZhengzhouErqiMemorialTower and ShaolinTemple.Also, there issome famous local produce, including garlic, watermelons and Chinese dates.Many highways, flyovers and subway lines have been built in recent years, making it more convenient for us to travel.Everyone’s efforts have paid off, so we havea more enjoyable environment now.Hope one day you can come to my city and I’llshow you around it then.Best wishes，Li Hua Possible Version II Hi Cindy, I’m glad you’re interested in my hometown, and I’m proud to share with you its brief introduction.Zhengzhou, located in Central China, is the capital of Henanprovince.It has four distinct seasons, which bring us beautiful natural scenery and rich agricultural produce, such as dates, garlic and watermelons.As an ancient capital city, Zhengzhou has a long history, making it full of historical scenic spots, ShaolinTemple, for example.It is well-known around the world for its Kung Fu and Buddhism.In recent years, my hometown has greatly developed, becoming a modern busy metropolis, and a trade and transportation center.Welcome to my city and enjoy the special local produce.I believe you’ll love it.Best wishes，Li Hua