第一篇：高中英语必修三 module 1 Great European Countries 教案
Module 1 Europe
Reading
Great European Cities
高一英语组：王娟
Teaching plan
Step 1:Teaching goals: 1.Target language
A.Important words and phrases Landmark, situated, gallery,symbol, located, architect, project,sculpture,birthplace,civilization,ancient,opposite,more than, be famous for, work on, all the time B.Important sentences
Paris is the capital and largest city of France,situated on the River Seine.Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches and museums.2.Ability goals
To enable the students to talk about some great European cities.3.Learning ability goals
To help the students how to talk about some cities Step 2 :Teaching important and difficult points To get the students to learn the great European cities To get the students to learn how to describe a city or place Step 3:Teaching methods
Fast reading, careful reading, listening,discussion, Step 4:Teaching methods Project, ppt, audio, Step 5:Teaching procedures I.Review II.lead in
III.Reading A.Task 1:Fast reading/Skimming To get the main idea of this passage B.Task 2: listening To finish the multiple Choice(单项选择)1.Which of the following is NOT a capital city?
A.Paris.B.Barcelona.C.Madrid.2.Paris is also famous for _____.A.restaurants
B.cafe
C.restaurants,cafe and theatres
3.Florence is the city of _____.A.France
B.Spain
C.Italy
4.The Renaissance is a great artistic movement which began in the _____ and lasted for three hundred years.A.1400s
B.1500s
C.1300s
5.Athens is known as the birthplace of _____.A.western civilization
B.Antonio Gaudi
C.Leonardo da Vinci
C.Task 3: Careful reading/Scanning To finish the True or False Questions 1.The Eiffel Tower is a tall building in France 2.There are a lot of restaurants and cafes in Paris.3.Florence is the capital of Spain.4.The Church of the Sagrada Familia was built in 1926.5.The artistic movement called the Renaissance began in Florence.6.The Uffizi Palace is a famous hotel in Florence.7.A long time ago, Athens was the world’s most powerful city.8.There were a lot of good writers in ancient Athens.D.Task 4: Summary : to retell the passage
The capital and largest city of France is Paris.It is _______(situate)on the River Seine.The world’s largest art galleries are ______(locate)in Paris.The second largest city of Spain is Barcelona, situated __ the northeast coast.One of Barcelona’s most famous _________(landmark), the Church of the Sagrada Familia, was _______(design)by Antonio Gaudi.Florence, an Italian city, became _________(know)for a great artistic movement, which began in the 1300s.The _________ of Greece is Athens.The work of Greece’s best writers_________(influence)other writers ever since.IV.Discussion
Work in groups, and discuss how to describe a city? V.Practice Useful sentence structures...is the capital of.........is located/ situated in/on......is famous/known for/as...The popular places are...One of the most famous landmarks is...Let's take Beijing as an example Beijing is the 1.___________and2._________second largest city of China, and 3._______(situate)in the North China Plain(华北平原).Beijing is 4._______(know)as the political,educationand cultural center of China.There are many5._______(landmark)in Beijing.The best-known one includes the Great Wall of China,6._______ is considered to be one of the world greatest miracle.Beijing has been the most popular city of china.So more and more people want to visit Beijing.7._____ my opinion, the best time to visit Beijing is spring , for theweather of that time is very fine, neither too hot 8.______too cold.When you feel9.________(tire)after one day's journey ,you can taste the Peking Roast Duck,a kind of 10._______(tradition)food in Beijing.Its very delicious.VI.Homework
第二篇：高中英语必修三笔记
Unit 1 1.mean v.意思是，意味着+doing；打算，意欲+to do adj.吝啬的
My new job means travelling a lot.I meant to tell you the truth but didn’t get a chance.I didn’t mean to hurt you.He is too mean to buy his wife a birthday gift.2.take place vi.发生
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.3.of all kinds 各种各样的 of … kind …类的
Questions of this kind are difficult to answer.4.starve v.（使）挨饿，饿死
The animals were left to starve to death.She is starving herself to lose weight.starvation n.5.honour v.尊敬，尊重
n.光荣，荣幸；令人感到光荣的人或事 The president honoured us with a personal visit.They are going o fight for the honour of the country.be/feel honoured to do sth.感到荣幸
I am very honoured to be included in the team.do sb.the honour of doing sth.使增光，赏光，给…带来荣誉
Will you do me the honour of becoming my wife?
In honour of 纪念，为向…表示敬意
A dinner party will be held in honour of our guests.A monument will be put up in honour of those who died during World WarⅡ.6.satisfy v.（使）满足，（使）满意
Nothing satisfies him—he is always complaining.satisfy one’s curiosity 7.harm v./Un.损害
The rumor harmed his image.This will do harm to your career.harmful adj.对…有害的
Smoking is harmful to your health.8.in memory of 作为对…的纪念（+死人）
in honour of 作为对…的纪念（+死人、活人）
9.dress up 穿上盛装，穿上正式服装；装扮，乔装打扮
There is no need to dress up—come as you are.10.arrival n.到达，抵达
We apologized for the late arrival of the train.Guests received the dinner on arrival at the hotel.11.gather v.聚集，收拢，归拢
The whole family gathered together at Jack’s home.12.award n.奖，奖品，奖金，奖状
win/receive/get an award 13.produce Un.（农）产品
product Cn.产品
14.admire v.钦佩，羡慕，赞赏，欣赏
I have always been admiring your new car.I don’t agree with her, but I admire her, for sticking to her principles.15.day and night I think of you day and night.16.turn up
We planned to meet at 7:00 but she never turned up.17.hold one’s breath Hold your breath and count to ten.He held his breath when the results were announced.18.apologize v.道歉+to sb.for sth.We apologize for the late arriving.Go and apologize to her.apology n.make an apology to sb.for sth.19.drown v.Two children drowned after falling into the water.The fruit was drowned in cream.20.obvious adj.be obvious to sb.that…
It is obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.21.marry sb.be married to sb.22.set off 出发+for..We set off for London just after ten o’clock.23.remind v.提醒，使想起
You remind me of your father when you say that.Please remind me to phone Jack before I go.24.forgive v.原谅
I’ll never forgive her for what she did.Unit 2 1.diet n.日常饮食，日常食物；特种饮食，规定的饮食；饮食限制
A balanced diet and regular exercise are both important to our health.be/go on a diet The doctor asked him to go on a diet to lose weight.I’m on a diet.2.balance v.（使）保持平衡，（使）均衡，（使）平稳
The dog balanced a ball on his nose.balanced adj.均衡的，调和的 3.frustrate v.使沮丧，使灰心，使受挫折
I find it frustrating that I can’t speak French.I’m feeling rather frustrated in my present job.4.barbecue v.烧烤
n.烤肉
We had a barbecue on the beach.roast adj.烤好的，烤制的 v.烤 5.slim v.减肥
adj.苗条的
I don’t want any cake, but I’m trying to slim.6.curious adj.好奇的
I’m curious about what happened.We were curious to know where she had gone.curiosity n.好奇心
7.get away with 做了…而未被发觉，未受惩罚
How did she get away with cheating? 8.lie v.说谎 –lied-lied ；躺，位于 –lay-lain
n.谎言
lay v.下蛋；放置 –laid-laid 9.earn one’s living=make one’s living 谋生
He earned his living as a reporter.10.glare v.怒目而视+at…
She didn’t shout.She just glared at me silently.11.spy on 暗中监视，窥探
Have you been spying on me? 12.limited adj.有限的
limit n.限度，限制，限量，极限
a speed limit There is a limit to the amount of pain we can bear.13.benefit n.优势，益处
vt.使受益，对…有用
vi.得益于+from…
He couldn’t see the benefit of arguing any longer.We should spend the money on something that will benefit everyone.Who can benefit from those changes? 14.combine v.组合，结合，联合，混合
combine work with pleasure Is it possible to combine the two parties? 15.cut down 减少…的量，缩减
We couldn’t cut down our expense any more.16.only too 极为，非常
I’m only too pleased to be able to get home.17.consult v.咨询，请教+sb.about sth.；与…商议，商量+with sb.about/on sth.Unit 3 1.bring up 养育，抚养，教养；提出；呕吐
She brought up 5 children.He was brought up by his aunt.Bring it up at the meeting.bring up the lunch 2.set v.为…设置背景（常用作被动）
The novel is set in London is the 1960’s.3.bet n.打赌，赌注
make a bet 打赌 win/lose a bet We have got a bet on who is going to arrive first.4.wander v.漫游，游荡，闲逛；走神，开小差
We wandered back towards the car.She wandered aimlessly on the streets.Try not to let your mind wander.Don’t wander off the subject—keep to the point.5.permit v.允许，准许
permit sb.to do sth.permit doing sth.We don’t permit smoking in the hall.Visitors are not permitted to take photos.6.go ahead(with sth.)开始做，着手干
—May I start now?
—Yes, go ahead.The government is going to go ahead with its tax cutting plan.7.stare at 盯着看，凝视，注视
I stared blankly at the piece of paper in front of me.8.fault n.过错，过失，责任；缺陷，毛病，故障
It was his fault that we were late.9.spot v.发现，注意到，看见
—Where did you spot him?
—It was in the hotel where we lived.I finally spotted my friend in the crowd.10.passage n.船费，旅费；航行，旅行
Have a pleasant passage!work one’s passage 在船上工作以抵船资 11.account n.账户
v.解释，说明，是…的原因+for account number open/close an account How do you account for the accident? 12.seek v.寻找，寻求 –sought-sought They sought shelter from the rain.We must seek for a solution to the problem.13.amount n.数量，数额+of+Un.large amounts of money 14.take a chance=take chances 碰碰运气，冒冒风险 15.manner n.方式，方法；态度，举止
He answered in a businesslike manner.have a friendly manner
manners n.礼貌，规矩
It’s bad manners to eat like that.16.simply 确实，简直，非常，实在
The view is simply wonderful.That is simply not true.17.in rags 衣衫褴褛，穿得破旧
The beggar is dressed in rags.18.indeed 其实，实际上；当然，真的，确实；真正地
I don’t mind.Indeed, i am pleased.It’s indeed a beautiful bag.I’m very sad indeed to hear of your father’s death.19.as for 至于，关于
You’ll have a bed, as for him, he’ll have to sleep on the floor.20.bow n./v 鞠躬
He bowed to/before the queen.21.seat vt.使…坐下
I’m seated.Please be seated.22.disappointed
be disappointed in/with sb.at/by sth.I’m very disappointed by the result.Unit 4 1.violent adj.暴力的，强暴的；猛烈的，剧烈的，强烈的
Children shouldn’t be allowed to watch violent movies.a violent change a violent headache 2.in time 及时；最后，终于
The ambulance got there just in time.He learnt to accept his step mother in time.3.cool down=cool off 变凉，冷却下来 4.fundamental adj.基础的，基本的+to Hard-work is fundamental to success.5.presence n.在场，出席；存在，出现
Your presence is requested at the meeting.6.dissolve v.（使）溶解
Salt dissolves in water.Dissolve the salt in water.7.harmful n./adj.+to Smoking is harmful to your health.Smoking does harm to your health.8.multiply v.乘；迅速增加，成倍增加
multiply A by B
multiply A and B together Multiply 2 and 6 together and you get 12.2 multiplied by 6 is/makes/equals 12.9.remain v.剩余，剩下；留待，尚待+to do
link v.仍然是
After the big fire, very little of my house remained.It remains to be seen whether they will like the gift.What happened to the amber room remains a mystery.10.spread v./n.传播
-spread-spread 11.lessen v.（使）缩小，变小，变少
The noise lessened as the plane got further away.His behaviour has lessened him in her eyes.12.cheer up（使）高兴起来，振作起来
Cheer up!The news isn’t too bad.He took her to the party to cheer her up.13.now(that)conj.既然，由于
Now that John has arrived, we can begin.14.get/have the hang of sth.熟悉某物的用法
15.break out vi.（战争，恐慌，火灾等）突然发生，爆发
Unit 5 1.rather than 而不是
I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than a coffee.2.baggage/luggage Un.行李
Two pieces of luggage have gone missing.3.chat v.闲谈，聊天
My children spent hours chatting on the phone to their friends.What were you chatting about? 4.scenery Un.（某地、某国总的外景或外貌）
scene Cn.（Scenery的一部分，但还包括其中的人及其活动；也可指展现在眼前的情景）
The scene after the earthquake was horrible.view Cn.（从某处看到的景色）
The view from the top of the tower was very wonderful.5.surround v.围绕，环绕，包围，围住
surround sb./sth.with…
Tall trees surround the lake.The lake is surrounded by/with tall trees.They have surrounded the building with police.6.measure v.测量，度量；有…的长度、大小、分量
A ship’s speed is measured in knots.This room measures 6 metres by 4.7.aboard prep./adv.在…上
He is already aboard the plane.We finally went aboard.8.settle down 舒适地坐下或躺下；定居下来过安定的生活
I settled down with a book.When are you going to get married and settle down? 9.manage to do=succeed in doing=be able to do 成功地做 10.with in prep.不出（时间、距离、范围、限度）；在…之内
You should receive a reply within 7 days.Is it within walking distance? 11.slight adj.轻微的，略微的
I woke up with a slight headache.slightly adv.略微，稍微
a slightly different version 12.confirm v.证实，进一步确定，确认，批准
The experiment confirmed his theory.The president confirmed that he would visit France the following month.13.distance n.距离，间隔
What’s the distance from Changchun to Beijing? What’s the distance between Changchun and Beijing?
in the distance 在远处，远方的
I saw smoke in the distance.14.downtown n.城镇的商业中心区
adj.商业中心区的 adv.在商业中心区
I went downtown to do some shopping today.15.over 在…期间，经过
Will you be at home over Christmas? Over the years he has become lazier and lazier.16.approximately adv.大约，大概
The hospital is approximately 5 kilometers from the station.17.nearby adj.在附近的adv.附近
My parents live nearby.18.terrify v.使恐惧，使十分害怕
Flying terrifies her.19.impress v.给…留下深刻印象；使…铭记
impress sth.on/upon sb.His honesty impresses her.He impresses her with his honesty.My father impressed on me the value of hard work.
第三篇：高中英语 Unit4 全单元教案必修三
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of stars Period 1 Warming up & Pre-reading Teaching aims: 1.Learn the new words.2.Talk about the science of stars Step 1 Words Learn the new words of this unit.Step 2 Warming up & lead in 1.Talk about science subjects T: Good morning/afternoon, everyone.What class do you have today? S1: Maths, English, Chinese, physics, history, and geology.T: What other subjects do you have in school? S2: Computer, chemistry, biology, music, PE, and politics.T: Which is your favourite? Why? S3: My favourite one is …because it’s very interesting/exciting/instructive/… S4: I like …best because …
2.Talk about universe and solar system T: Let’s follow this astronomer to learn about universe.How did the universe come into being? S1: After the “Big Bang”, the universe came into being.T: Do you know the solar system in the universe? What is it made up of? S2: The solar system contains eight planets and many comets and other objects.T: Can you name the eight planets? S3: The Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.T: Which planet do we live on? Can you describe what it looks like? S4: Earth.It supports a variety of life and 70% of the earth is covered with seas or oceans.T: Why does life only exist on the earth? S5: Because there is air and water on the earth.Step 3 Pre-reading Get the students to discuss the questions on page 25 with their partners.Then ask the students to tell their stories.Encourage them to tell different stories, If they don’t know any, tell them some.Read some stories to the students.Pangu separates the sky from the earth;The Biblical Account;India;Japan;Europe;Let them discuss in groups.Step4 Homework 1.Review the words of this unit.2.Preview the passage of “Reading”.3.Do page 27 Ex.3.Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of stars Period 2 Reading and Comprehending Teaching Aims: Enable the Ss to say something about astronomy Help the students to form a good habit of reading Cultivate the Ss' awareness of protecting the earth.Teaching Importance: How to improve the Ss'ability to understand how life began on the earth Teaching Methods: Task--based method Teaching Procedure: Step1.Warming up 1.Free talk 2.Review the words of Unit 4 by playing chess on the blackboard.Step2 Leading-in 1.Talk about some pictures.2.Watch a video and then ask the Ss to put the pictures on the screen into a right order.Step3 Reading Task 1 Skimming Read the passage quickly and join the main idea for each paragraph.Para.1a)The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth
Para.2 b)The development of plants and animals on the earth
Para.3 c)A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe
Para.4 d)The importance of water for life
Para.5 e)The formation of the earth
Task 2 Scanning Read the passage carefully and then fill in the blanks with different kinds of living things.Fill in the blanks with different kinds of living things.plantsanimals1________________Small plants in watershellfish and all sorts of fish2____________________insects4__________amphibians5__________7__________reptiles8__________dinosaurs9__________mammals green plants on land3________________forests6_________Task 3 Careful Reading: Finish the summary according to the text: After the “big bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of _______,it _______loudly with fire and rock, which were _____ to produce the_________, carbon dioxide and other gases.Then ________ grew.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with _____.Many millions of years later the first ________ began to appear on land.When the plants grew to forest, _____ appeared for the first time.They produced young generally by __________.When dinosaurs disappeared, ________ became more important.Task 4 Post Reading Discuss in groups.1.What problems have been caused by humans to the earth? 2.How to protect the earth and make it a better place to live on? Step 4 Homework 1.Search the Internet for the imformation of the development of life.2.Read the passage carefully and try to find out key points.Period 3 Reading(2)Teaching goals:
1.Learn the usage of some difficult words and expressions.2.Train the students’ ability to remove the difficulties while reading.Teaching important points:
Train the students’ ability to cooperate with others.Step 1 Revision 1.Check up the homework.2.Have a quiz of the words.Step 2.Language points 1.It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour.Which leads non-restrictive attributive clause.in time: sooner or later;eventually I will see him in time.In time(for sth/to do sth): not late She will be back in time to prepare dinner.In/out of time: in/not in the correct time 2.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.To come: serves as attributive She is the last person to do such a thing.Depend on: something might only happen or be true if the circumstances are right for it Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.3.…by laying eggs.lay-laid-laid-laying 放, 把......放在......;产卵 He laid his books on the desk.4.give birth to 1)生（孩子）She’s just given birth to a healthy baby girl.她刚刚生了个健康的女婴。
2)产生
The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel.这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新的一部小说的诞生。
5.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.prevent sth./ sb.(from)doing sth.制止(防止)某人(某物)做某事 Nothing can prevent this plan from being carried out.6.…the earth may become too hot to live on.地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物的生存。The question is too hard to understand.Step 3 Homework 1.Recite Para 5 of this passage.2.Do Ex.1 and 3 on page63.3.Preview the grammar of this unit.Period 4 Grammar Teaching Aims: To learn about Noun Clauses as the Subject To discover useful structures.Step 1 Revision Check up the homework.Step 2 Preparation Show some sentences on the blackboard.a.A tree has fallen across the road.b.You are a student.c.To find your way can be a problem.d.Smoking is bad for you.e.“How do you do?” is a greeting.f.What she said is not yet known.g.That we shall be late is certain.h.It’s certain that we shall be late.T: What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? Or find its subject in each sentence.Step 3 Grammar
1.Give the students some time to find the sentences in the passage.The collect answers from the class.2.Show typical examples of how to make a subject clause.Guide the Ss to find out what changes we have to make when we make a sentence or combine two sentences using subject clause.Teacher shows the example and Ss write down the sentences.3.Turn to page 64.Read the following passage quickly and finish the eight sentences.Step4 Homework 1.Do Ex.2 and 3 on page 29.2.Finisg Ex.1 on page 64.3.Preview “Using languge”.Period 5 Using Language and speaking Step 1 Revision Check up the homework.Step 2 Reading---A visit to the moon 1.Play the tape for the Ss to listen.2.Read the passage carefully and then describe the three ways in which gravity changed for Li Yanping and how his weight changed.3.Find out the key points.Step 3 Speaking Speaking on page 31 What do you need if you travel to the moon? Sample: S1: Let’s think about what we would need to protect our skin if we visited the Moon.S2: I’d take some skin cream.That works very well when we go to the sea.S3: Yes, but it’s going to be much too hot to put cream on your skin on the Moon.S4: What’s more you get direct heat from the sun.There are no clouds on the Moon to protect you.S3: Oh dear, and I also have to carry oxygen around with me everywhere because there’s no oxygen on the Moon.S2: Why don’t we carry the oxygen on our backs in a tank? S1: Good idea, but won’t that hurt our skin? S4: I think it will.Why don’t we wear a spacesuit which has the possibility of protecting your skin and helping you carry the oxygen very easily? S1: A very good idea.We also need some sunglasses as the sun will be as bad for our eyes as for our skin.S3: That’s right.The helmet of the suit can have sunglasses you can use.S2: How will the suit protect our skin? S4: It’s so hot there so I suggest we design suit that can supply cold water so the wearer feels cool and hot water to warm us if we feel cold.S2: Great!So I won’t need sun cream after all.That’s good!Step4 Homework Finish the exercises of 《English Learners’ Lighthouse》.
第四篇：高中英语必修三知识点
学习知识容易，转化成为能力很难;提出问题容易，得到圆满答复很难;点评别人容易，身临其境去做很难;指责同事容易，正确评价自己很难。下面小编给大家分享一些高中英语必修三知识，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读!
高中英语必修三知识1
第一单元)starve
作不及物动词，表示“饿死，挨饿”。
starve for=be starve of/for，表示“渴望获得，迫切得到”。)plenty
作不可数名词，只用于肯定句中，表示“充足，大量，富裕”，可做主语，宾语或表语。
做主语时，谓语动词随着 plenty 所指的单复数形式作相应的变化。
plenty 也可作副词，表示“充分地，十足地，好多”。
in plenty 表示“大量的，丰富，充裕”可作表语，定语，状语。)satisfy
作及物动词，表示“满意，使满足”，直接跟宾语，若接 that 从句时，意思是“使相信”，从句前有间接宾语。
satisfy … with 以……满足
be satisfied with 对……满足
satisfy … for 向……偿还
be satisfied to do sth 满足于做某事)harm
作名词，意为“损害”，不与不定冠词连用，常与 do，come，mean 等动词搭配。
do more harm than good 弊大于利
There ’ s no harm in(sb ’ s)doing sth=It does no harm for sb to do sth做某事无害处
作及物动词，表示“损害，伤害”。)lead
作及物动词，表示“领导，引导”其宾语常接介词短语或者副词作宾补。
表示“影响，致使”时，后接介词 to，也可以接不定式。
lead sb into 使某人陷入某种不良的状态。
lead sb away 使盲从，常用于被动语态。
lead nowhere 毫无结果，对……不起作用。
lead up to sth 作为……准备，导致。
lead sb by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子，完全操纵某人
lead a dog ’ s life 过困难的生活
lead sb believe that 使某人相信(假的事情或不确切的事情)
lead the way 带路，带头
lead 作为名词，give sb alead 给某人做出榜样，提示某人)origin
是名词，表示“起源，起因，出身”。
be of origin 起源于，出身于)event
是名词，表示“事变，事件”，既可以指历史上的，国际上的，国内的大事件，也可以指日常事件 , 复数形式还可以指事态的发展和结局。
也可以指体育比赛中的“项目”。
常见词组： at all events/in every event 总之，无论如何，不管怎样
in the event 结果，终于 in the event of 万一，如果，倘若 in that event 若果那样的话)dress
作及物动词，表示“给……穿衣”，后接人作宾语，也可以做不及物动词，表示“穿上衣服，穿着衣服”。
dress up 穿上盛装，打扮
dress 作不可数名词，表示“衣服”;作可数名词，表示“妇女及儿童的衣服”。
dress sth up 修饰，掩饰)trick
play a trick on sb=play sb a trick 开某人的玩笑，诈骗某人
do/turn the trick 达到(预期的)目的，获得成功。
have a/the trick of doing sth(有)做……的习惯 / 癖好。
be up to tricks，be at one ’ stricks 玩鬼把戏，闹恶作剧
trick 可以做动词，trick sbinto doing 骗某人去做某事 trick sb out of …骗取某人)memory
是名词，表示“记忆”时，接 for 而不接 of。
复数形式 memories 可表示往事。
in memory of 纪念，一般表示对死者的纪念。
lose one ’ s memory “失去记忆”，可能永远也想不起来;而 slip sb ’ s memory指一般想不起来，可能不知道什么时候又想起。
within one ’ s memory=within the memory of 表示“记忆所及的时间”。)gain
作及物动词，表示“获得”，指经过努力取得有价值的东西或想要的东西。
也可以表示“增加，增进;(钟，表)走得快”。
作不及物动词，表示“获得利益，增加，改善”。
作名词表示“收获，利益，增加”。常用的词组有“ gain in 增加 gain over 说服 gain on sb/sth 赶上)gather
作及物动词，意为“搜集，采集，恢复，积累，加速”。还可以表示“推断，得出(印象，想法”后常接从句。
作不及物动词，表示“聚集，群集”。
常用的词组有： gather oneself together 振作精神 gather oneself up 集中全力，鼓起勇气)admire
作及物动词，只能接名词或者代词作宾语，不能接宾语从句。
admire to do 高兴做 admire sb for sth 在某方面钦佩某人 admire at 对……感到羡慕，对……感到惊讶)forward
作副词，表示“向前地，向未来”。
look forward to 盼望，期待 push one ’ s way forward 挤着向前走 come forward 走出来
put forward 提出 backward and forward 来回
forward 作形容词，表示“在前面的，热心参与的”。
作名词，表示“(足球，曲棍球的)前锋”。
作动词，表示“转递，增进，发送，提高”。)take place
表示“发生”有计划的，有目的的，有准备的发生，是不及物动词，无宾语，不能用于被动语态。
区别 take place，happen，break out ：
take place 有计划的发生，多指运动，变化，进步，会议，婚礼等。
happen 偶然发生或者意外事件的发生。
break out 表示“突然发生，爆发”，强调出人意料，多指地震，火灾，火山，战争，疾病，瘟疫等的突然发生。
take one ’ s place 表示“代替某人，执政，上台”。
take the place of 表示“取代，代替”。)fool 的短语
make fool of 欺骗，捉弄 act/play the fool 瞎胡闹，逗乐
fool around/about 无所事事，胡混 fool out of 骗走 fool away 把(时间)胡混掉 fool with胡摆弄)apologize
apologize to sb for doing sth 因为做了某事向某人道歉
make an apology to sb for doing sth 道歉)drown
表示“淹死，淹没，浸泡，沉浸于”。
drown one ’ s sorrow in drink 借酒消愁
drown sth out 淹没)wipe
wipe sth from/off sth 把……从……上擦掉 / 擦净。
wipe out 擦拭(盆，碗等的)内部，除去，消灭，摧毁。
wipe over 再擦一遍。
wipe the floor with sb(在辩论中，竞赛中)把某人打得一败涂地。)weep
weep about 为……而哭泣 weep at 看到 / 听到……而哭泣 weep away 一直哭
weep for/over 因……而哭泣 weep out 哭着抒发掉)forgive
作及物动词，表示“原谅，赦免”，有时可以接双宾语。
forgive sb for doing sth 原谅某人做某事)有关 word 的短语：
give one ’ s word 许诺 break one ’ s word to 失信于 have a ward with sb和某人交谈
have words with sb 和某人吵架 have word 听到消息 eat one ’ s word 认错，道歉
go back on one ’ s word 食言 put in/say a good word for sb 为某人说好话相助
say the word 发指令，发信号 in short words 简言之 in other words 换句话说
in a/one word 总之 word for word 逐字地，一字不差地 by word of mouth 口头上
without a word 什么也没说)有关 breath 的短语：
catch one ’ s breath 屏息 drawn breath 歇口气 drawn one ’ s first/last breath出生/ 死亡
get one ’ s breath 恢复正常呼吸 lose one ’ s breath 气喘吁吁 save one ’ s breath不必浪费口舌
take one ’ s breath away 使某人吃惊 waste one ’ s breath 白费唇舌 out of/short ofbreath 喘不过气，上气不接下气)set off
“出发，起程”，还可以表示“使爆炸，激发”。
有关 set 的短语：
set up 建立，树立，创立 set forth 出发，起程，公布 set out 开始，着手，出发
set about 着手，试图，开始 set fire to 点火 set to doing sth 开始做某事
set … aside 把……放在一边 set sth down 记下来 set … free 将……释放)as though
表示“好像，似乎”，引导的从句谓语动词多用于虚拟语气。
如果 as though 从句中所叙述的情况是事实或有可能发生，也可用于陈述语气。
其后面除了跟句子外，还可以跟名词，动词不定式，形容词(短语)，介词短语或分词。
还可以表示感叹语气，来对某项建议、假设或推测表示不赞成，惊讶，不满和厌恶等。
3.语法
情态动词
定义 :
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义 ,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。
情态动词后面加动词原形。
分类：
情态动词有四类：
①只做情态动词： must,can(could),may(might),ought to
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词： need,dare
③可做情态动词又可做助动词： shall(should),will(would)
④具有情态动词特征： have(had,has)to,used to
位置 :
情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前 , 谓语动词前若有助动词 , 则在助动词之前 , 疑问句中 , 情态动词则在主语之前。
特点：
情态动词无人称和数的变化 , 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形 ,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “ not ”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式 ,过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气 , 时态性不强 , 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想。
除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：)除 ought 和 used 以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带 to 的不定式。如果我们把 ought to 和 used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带 to 的不定式。)情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一。)情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s 形式。)情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词。)情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间。)情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与 have 和 be 基本助动词连用。
用法
首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作(如写，读，跑)，而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能，也许，敢)。
用法是：情态动词 + 行为动词原形
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义 , 表示说话人的情绪 , 态度或语气的动词 , 但不能单独作谓语 , 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
情态动词数量不多 , 但用途广泛 , 主要有下列 :
can(could), may(might), must, need, ought to, dare(dared),shall(should), will(would),have(to),had better.功能
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modalauxiliary)。基本助动词有三个： do, have 和 be;情态助动词基本的有十四个： may, might;can, could;will,would;shall, should;must, need, dare,used to, ought to,had better上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能。)构成否定式。)构成疑问式或附加疑问式。)构成修辞倒装。)代替限定动词词组。
can 和 could 的用法
1.表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。
注意：① could 也可表示请求，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用 can(即 could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)。
② can 表示能力时，还可用 be able to 代替。
2.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)
3.“ can(could)+ have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。
4.用在疑问句及否定句中，表示惊讶，不相信等。
5.cannot … tooenough 表示“无论怎样……也不过分”，“越……越好”。
may 和 might 的用法
1.表示许可。
表示请求、允许时，might 比 may 的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时(口语中常用)no , you can ’ t.or , yes,please 用 mustn ’ t 表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有强烈禁止的意思)。
用 May I …征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用 Can I … 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。
2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。
3.表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。
4.“ may(might)+ have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。
must 和 have to 的用法
1.表示必须、必要。(must 表示主观多一些而 have to 则表示客观多一些)
回答 must 引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用 mustn ’ t，而要用 needn ’ t 或 don ’ t have to。
2.“ must be + 表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问式用 can 代替 must。
3.“ must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用 can 代替 must。
4.have to 的含义与 must 相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但 have to 有各种形式，随 have 的变化而定。must 与have to 有下列几点不同：
① must 表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to 则往往强调客观需要。
② must 一般只表现在，have 则有更多的时态形式。
③ 二者的否定意义不大相同。
④ 询问对方的意愿时应用 must。
注意： have to 也可拼做 have got to。
dare 和 need 的用法
1.need 表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用 must, have to, ought to, 或should 代替。
注意： needn ’ t + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”
2.Dare 作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。
3.Dare 和need 常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare 后面通常接带 to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare 后面可接带 to 或不带 to 的不定式。
shall 和 should 的用法
一.shall 的用法：
1.shall 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。
2.shall 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
3.shall 用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
二.should 的用法：
1.should 表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是 ought to;在疑问句中，通常用 should 代替 ought to。
should 的含义较多，用法较活，现介绍三种其特殊用法。
情态动词 should 用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。
should 还可以用在 if 引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由 should加动词原形构成，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。
此外，Why(or How)+ should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。
2.“ should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务，表示应该做到而实际上没有做到，并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。
will 和 would 的用法
1.表示请求、建议等，would 比 will 委婉客气。
2.表示意志、愿望和决心。
3.用“ will be ”和“ will(would)+ have +过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。
4.would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would 表过去习惯时比 used to 正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
5.表料想或猜想。
ought to 的用法
1.ought to 表示应该。
2.表示推测。注意与 must 表示推测时的区别：
He must be at home by now.(断定他已到家)
He ought to be home by now.(不十分肯定)
This is where the oil must be.(比较直率)
This is where the oil ought to be.(比较含蓄)
3.“ ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。
注意：在美国英语中，ought to 用于否定句和疑问句时，to 可以省略。
ought 和 should 的区别：
1.ought 语气略强。
2.should 较常用。
3.ought 在美国英语中用的很少，而 should 却相当常用。
4.ought 属正式用语。
used to，had better，would rather 的用法
1.used to 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。如：
He told us he used to play football when he was young.在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式：
疑问句
Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?
Used you to go to the same school as your brother?
否定句
I usedn ’ t to go there.I didn ’ t use to go there.usedn ’ t 亦可拼作 usen ’ t，但发音皆为 ['ju:snt]。
否定疑问句
Usen ’ t you to be interested in the theatre?
Didn ’ t you use to be interested in the theatre?
Had better 意为“最好”，后接不带 to 的不定式。
注：① had best 与 had better 同意，但较少用。② You had better …用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。
Would rather 意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带 to 的不定式。
由于 would rather 表选择，因而后可接 than。
高中英语必修三知识2
第二单元)diet
作名词，表示“日常饮食”。
be/go on diet 节食
作动词，表示“节食“。)区别 energy，strength，power 和 force ：
energy 主要指人的精力，工作或活动的能力，自然界的能等。
power 主要指做一件事情所依靠的的能力，功能，人或机器等事物所潜在的或所发挥出来的力量，职权，权力或政权。
force 主要指自然界中的力量，暴力，势力，说服力，压力，法律，道德或情感的力量，军事的力量。
strength 指一人或一物所含的内在的力量，能用以从事，忍受，或抵抗很多事物。)balance
作名词，表示“天平，秤;平衡，平稳“。
be/hang in the balance 不确定的，尚未决定的keep one ’ s balance 保持平衡
on balance 考虑周全，总的来说
strike a balance 找出折中办法，妥协
作动词，表示“权衡，平衡”;balance A against B 权衡利弊。)sign
作名词，表示“记号，符号，标志，标记，手势，迹象，指示牌”等。
作动词表示“签名，签署，示意，做手势”。
in sign of 作为……的记号;表示……的。
make no sign of 没有……的样子(迹象)，没有表示……
sign for 签约应聘或受雇
sign for sth 签收某物
sign sb on/up 使某人签约受雇
sign up(for sth)注册参加(俱乐部，课程))sigh
sigh over … 为……叹息
sigh for 想念，思念
sigh out/forth sth 边叹息边说出……)slim
作形容词，表示“苗条的，纤细的，小的”。
作动词，表示“变细，减肥”。
slim down 减肥，缩减。)lie
作名词，表示“谎言，谎话，假象”是可数名词。
若表示说谎，只能使 tell lies 或者 tell a lie。
a white lie 无恶意的谎言
throw a lie in sb ’ s face 当面斥责某人说谎
give the lie to 证明……不真实
live a lie 过骗人的生活
作动词 , 表示“说谎”。
lie one ’ s way into/out of 靠撒谎得到某物
lie sb out of sth 从某人处骗取某物
lie in one ’ s teeth/throat 睁着眼睛说瞎话
lie lied lied 说谎
lie lay lain 位于，躺着，平方
lay laid laid 放置，产卵)rid
rid sb/sth of … 使某人或某物摆脱……
get rid of 摆脱，除出
be rid of=rid oneself of 除去，摆脱)amount
a large amount of 大量的(后跟不可数名词)
no amount of 再多的……也不……
作不及物动词，表示“总计，等于”后跟介词 to。)debt
be in debt 欠债
be out of debt 不欠债
get/run into debt 负债
be deep/deeply/heavily in debt 负债累累
pay/back/repay one ’ s debt 偿还债务
clear/pay off/wipe off one ’ s debt=get outof debt 还清债务
be in sb ’ s debt=be in debt to sb 欠某人的情，感激某人)区别 glare，gaze，stare，glance ：
glare 指怒视，强调敌对或者威胁的态度。
stare 指睁大眼睛出神地看，注视，瞪视，这种注视出于惊讶，好奇，羡慕，恐惧，有时是粗鲁无礼的。
glance 指瞥视，匆匆一看。
gaze 指目不转睛地看，凝视，注视，这种注视是由于惊奇，喜欢或兴趣所致。)limit
作动词，limit … to … 把……限定在……范围内。
作名词，常与介词 to 连用。
形容词 limited 表示“有限的，极少的，(见解)狭窄的”。)benefit
作动词，表示“使……受益”。
benefit from/by … 从……中受益
be of benefit of 对……有益，对……有利)有关 throw 的短语：
trow at 向……扔去 throw about 乱扔 throw off 扔开，摆脱 throw back 扔回 throw down 扔下，推翻throw sb over 背弃某人 throw oneself on/upon sb/sth 依赖 throw oneself into sth积极做某事)有关 get 的短语：
1.get about(around)
(1)(能)到处走动，旅行。(2)(消息、谣言等)传播，流传。
2.get along
(1)离开(某地)。(2)相处，过日子，合得来。(3)进展。
3.get away
(1)离开，逃离，逃走。(2)逃避责罚，免受处罚，受较轻处罚。
4.get back
(1)返回，回家。(2)取回，拿回，失而复得。
5.get down 下来，取下，放下，弄下，写下，打下，吞下。
6.get down to(6doing)sth 开始做某事，认真处理某事。
7.get in
(1)进站，到达，回来。(2)请来。(3)插话。(4)收获，收割。
8.get off
(1)起飞，动身，出发。(2)下班，下车。(3)从轻处罚，被放过。
9.get on
(1)上车。(2)进行，进展，过日子。(3)相处。
10.get out
(1)出来，出去，离开。(2)拿出，取出。(3)出版，发表。(4)泄漏，传出。
11.get out of
(1)逃避，躲掉。(2)为了逃避工作，使说出(拿出等)。(3)放弃，戒除，停止。
12.get over
(1)走过，越过，渡过。(2)克服，战胜。(3)恢复，痊愈。
13.get through
(1)做完，用完，吃完，看完。(2)通过(考试)，接通(电话)，度过(时间)。
14.get together 聚会，联欢。
15.get up
(1)起床，起身。(2)打扮。(3)举办。
16.get doing
(1)继续做某事。(2)开始做起某事来。
17.get done
(1)被……。(2)处于某种状态。
18.get sb sth / get sth for sb sth / 为某人弄到某物。
19.get sb(sth)to.do sth 做某人(某事物)做某事。
20.get sb(sth)doing sth 使某人(某事物)(开始)起来。
21.get sth done 使某事被做。注：有时表示遭遇。
22.get to do sth
(1)开始做某事。(2)有机会做某事，设法做成某事。
高中英语必修三知识3
第三单元)bet
make a bet 打赌
place/put a bet on 在……下赌注
one ’ s best bet 最好的办法
作动词，表示“打赌，赌博”，后直接加宾语。
I bet(that)表示“我敢肯定”，相当于 I am sure。
you bet 表示“肯定，没问题”，相当于 certainly。)scene
scene 表示“(戏剧，电影中的)一幕 / 一场，出事地点，现场，情景;风景，布景”。
behind the scenes 在幕后;秘密地。
on the scene 在现场。
set the scene(for sth)作事前的现场描述，为……做准备。
come on the scene 到现场。)stage
表示“舞台，戏剧，阶段”，可以表示“路程，一段路，(事故发生的)现场”。
be/go on the stage 当演员，登台演出
set the stage for sth 为某事做准备。)tale
是可数名词，表示“传说，故事”。
tell its own tale 不言自喻，显而易见。)permit
作动词，后接名词或者代词，表示“允许，答应”;也可以表示“使可能”。
后接不定式的复合结构。
后接动名词，不能直接跟不定式。
分词短语作状语。
后不能跟从句。
permit of sth 认可，容忍。
作名词，表示“许可证，执照，许可”。)account
作名词，表示“叙述，报道，理由，账目，户头”。
by/from all accounts 根据大家所说的。
give an account of 叙述，报道，说明。
作名词，表示“认为”时，后接复合宾语。
account for 表示“做出解释，导致，是……的原因”，还可以表示“占，捕获”。
常见的词组：
out of account 不考虑 on all accounts/on every account 无论如何 on no account决不
take … into account/take account of … 对……加以考虑，顾及…… turn … to good account利用)jealous
be jealous of sb 嫉妒，唯恐某人被他人夺走。
be jealous of sth 妒忌，精心守护。)issue
作动词，表示“发行，出版，发布“。
issue sb with sth 将某物发给某人。
issue in 导致。
作名词，表示“流出，发行，(出版物的)期号，争端”。
at issue 要考虑的，意见不同的。
take issue with sb(on/over/about)就某事论某人。)bow
bow at sb 朝某人鞠躬 bow to sb 鞠躬迎接某人
bow sb in/into 鞠躬迎入某人 bow sb out 鞠躬送走某人
bow to sth 顺从某事
take a/one ’ s bow(演员)鞠躬谢幕(bow 作名词)。)pretend
作及物动词，后接动词不定式，that 从句，名词。
pretend to sth 表示“自以为有……”，后面接名词，常指“学问，智慧，美德”。)有关 trouble 的词组：
get into trouble 陷入困境，惹麻烦 ask for/look for/borrow trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃
be a trouble to sb 对某人是个麻烦 be a trouble to do 干某事是件麻烦事
be in trouble 处于困境 get sb into trouble 使某人陷入困境 get out of trouble 摆脱困境
have trouble doing sth 做某事很费力 make trouble 闹事，捣乱 make trouble for sb给某人带来麻烦 take the trouble to do sth=take the troublein doing sth 不辞劳苦地做某事 troublesb to do sth 麻烦某人做某事 trouble sb for sth 麻烦某人某事
3.语法
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组 ,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连词： that(无任何词意)
whether,if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)
as if ,as though(均表示“好像”，“似乎”)
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.whichever,whomever
连接副词： when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词：
1.介词后的连词
2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：
whether 与 if 均为”是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 取代：
1.whether 引导主语从句并在句首
2.引导表语从句
3.whether 从句作介词宾语
4.从句后有” or not ”
Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it 充当形式主语。
二.主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词 that，whether，if 和连接代词 what，who，which，whatever，whoever 以及连接副词 how，when，where，why 等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。
有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语 it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
(1)It + be + 名词 + that 从句
(2)It + be + 形容词 + that 从句
(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that 从句
(4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do ”，常用的句型有：
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that …
It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.)that …
It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that …
三、宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1.由连接词 that 引导的宾语从句
由连接词 that 引导宾语从句时，that 在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时 , 第二个分句前的 that不可省
注意：在 demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。
2.用 who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever,whatever,whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
3.用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether 与 if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用 whether，不用 if ：
a.引导主语从句并在句首时;b.引导表语从句时;c.引导从句作介词宾语时;d.从句后有“ or not ”时;e.后接动词不定式时。
4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。
当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外)，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。
5.think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
四、表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用 as if 引导。其基本结构为：主语+ 系动词 + that 从句。
需要注意的，当主语是 reason 时，表语从句要用 that 引导而不是 because。
【注意】 whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的 if 却通常不用于引导表语从句。
五、同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由 that 引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有 advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word 等。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别：
that 作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句 :
I had no idea that you were here.(that 引导同位语从句，不能省略)
Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancientGreece ?(that 引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)
六、名词性 that-从句)由从属连词 that 引导的从句叫做名词性 that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性 that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：
主语： That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。
宾语： John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语： The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recentlydisturbs everyone in hisoffice.近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语： I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。)That-从句作主语通常用 it 作先行词，而将 that-从句置于句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
It ’ s a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
用 it 作形式主语的 that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a.It + be + 形容词 + that-从句
It is necessary that … 有必要……
It is important that … 重要的是……
It is obvious that … 很明显……
b.It + be +-ed 分词 + that-从句
It is believed that … 人们相信……
It is known to all that … 从所周知……
It has been decided that … 已决定……
c.It + be + 名词 + that-从句
It is common knowledge that ………是常识
It is a surprise that … 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that … 事实是……
d.It + 不及物动词 + that-分句
It appears that … 似乎……
It happens that … 碰巧……
It occurred to me that … 我突然想起……
七、名词性 wh-从句)由 wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性 wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what,whatever,which, whichever 等连接代词和 where, when, how, why 等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：
主语： How the book will sell dependson its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语： In one ’ s own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语： The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语： My question is who will takeover president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语： She will name him whatever she wants to.她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语： I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语： I ’ m not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词 it 做形式主语，而将 wh-从句置于句末，例如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。
八、if, whether 引导的名词从句)yes-no 型疑问从句
从属连词 if, whether 引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为 yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和 wh-从句的功能相同，例如：
主语： Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语： Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语： The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语： They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语： She ’ s doubtful whether weshall be able to come.她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语： I worry about whether he canpass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词 if/whether … or 或 whether … or not 构成，例如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don ’ t care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
if 和 whether 的区别：
1、在动词不定式之前只能用whether。
2、在 whether …… ornot 的固定搭配中。
3、在介词后，只能用whether。
4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether。
5、用 if 会引起歧义时，只用 whether。
九、否定转移
1)将 think,believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。注意：若谓语动词为 hope, 宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
2)将 seem,appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
3)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
4)有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
高中英语必修三知识点
第五篇：【英语】高中英语新课标必修三_Unit_1优秀教案
普通高中课程标准实验教科书（人教版）
英语必修Ⅲ
Unit1 Festivals around the world(Reading)
Festivals and Celebrations
学生姓名：赵倩倩
Unit 1 Festivals around the world
Ⅰ.Analysis of teaching material
At the beginning of the class, the teacher can lead in the topic of the unit by having a free talk with students about their winter holidays and the Spring Festival.The Warming Up is intended to have students start thinking about the variety of events and festivals that are celebrated in China, and connect them with seasons of the year and reasons for the celebrations.The teacher can use this part to introduce information that Chinese students should have about their country’s cultural events.The Pre-reading is a continuation of the Warming Up and it moves the discussion to a more personal level.It is intended to help students enter imaginatively into a discussion of festivals and their importance to the society.It also directs their attention to the variety of events and activities those festivals include.The teacher should let students discuss the questions and predict what kind of information will be introduced in the Reading.The reading passage titled FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS briefly describes the earliest kinds of festivals with the reasons for them, and then four different kinds of festivals that occur in most parts of the world.Encourage students to look at the pictures and the heading of each section to guess what the text might be about.Then let them skim for the general idea for each section, and scan for further understanding.Because this passage introduces a lot of useful new words and expressions which are only used for festivals, in order not to let students feel much difficult, the teacher should deal with any language problems while they are reading.After reading, students are required to do the four exercises in the Comprehending to see how much they have understood the reading passage.The teacher can first let them work in pairs or in groups to find the answers cooperatively, and then check their answers with the whole class.To consolidate the contents of the reading passage, students should be required to talk about festivals in their own words at the end of the class.In order to arouse students’ interest, the teacher can hold a competition between groups.Ⅱ.Teaching aims
1.Knowledge aims
1).Get students to learn the useful new words and expressions in this part: beauty, harvest, starve, origin, religious, ancestor, Mexico, feast, bone, belief, poet, arrival, gain, independence, gather, agriculture, award, rooster, admire, energetic, Easter, clothing, Christian, custom, take place, in memory of, dress up, play a trick on, look forward to, day and night, as though, have fun with 2).Let students learn about history and basic knowledge of festivals both in and out of China.2.Ability aims 1).Develop students’ reading ability and let them learn different reading skills.2).Enable students to talk about festivals and celebrations.3.Emotional aims 1).Stimulate students’ love for their own national culture and customs.2).Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning.Ⅲ.Teaching methods: 1.Explanation to get the students to have a clear idea.2.Discussion to get the students to understand the text easier.Ⅳ.Teaching Aids:
A computer and a tape recorder
Ⅴ.Teaching important and difficult points 1.Important points 1).Let students learn more about history and basic knowledge of festivals.2).Get students to learn different reading skills.2.Difficult points 1).Develop students’ reading ability.2).Enable students to talk about festivals and celebrations.Ⅵ.Teaching procedure →Step 1 Leading-in Have a free talk with students.Ask them the following questions: Did you have a good time in your winter holidays? When did you feel most happy and excited? Why?(At the Spring Festival.Because it’s the most important festival in our country...)→Step 2 Warming up
1.Let students brainstorm the other Chinese festivals.(Lantern Festival, Pure Brightness Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, New Year’s Day, Chung Yeung Festival...)
2.Let students read the information about Chinese festivals below and discuss another three Chinese festivals: When does the festival come? What do people celebrate? What do people do? Festivals Date Festivals Date New Year January 1st Teachers’ Day September 10th International March 8th National Day October 1st Women’s Day Arbor Day March 12th The Spring Festival Lunar New Year International Labor May 1st Dragon Boat the fifth day of the fifth Day Festival lunar month International Children’s Day Army Day June 1st August 1st Mid-Autumn Festival
Lantern Festival Pure Day Chinese Youth Day May 4th
the 15th day of the 8th lunar month
the 15th day of the 1st lunar month
Brightness April the fifth
3.Ask students to fill in the following form and ask some to share their opinions with the whole class.The first one is given as an example.Festivals Time of year/date What it celebrates What people do Mid-Autumn autumn/fall the beauty of the give/eat moon Festival full moon, harvest, cakes and watch
time with family the full moon with and friends family and friends
4.Talk about some foreign festivals with students.(Christmas, April Fools’ Day, Easter, Halloween, Valentine’s Day, Thanksgiving Day,...)→Step 3 Pre-reading 1.Let students discuss the following questions: What festivals or celebrations do you have in your city or town? What part of a festival do you like best—the activities, the music, the sights, the food or the people who visit? 2.Ask students to look at the pictures and title of the passage in Reading.Discuss in pairs what kind of information will be introduced in the passage.→Step 4 Reading
1.Fast reading Ask students to skim the reading passage and then fill in the following chart.Kinds of Festivals Names of Festivals Countries Festivals
Festivals
Harvest
Spring
(Let students look through the chart and then read the text silently.Three minutes later, check the answers with the whole class.Show the suggested answers on the screen.)2.Intensive reading Allow students to read carefully this time to understand the main ideas of each paragraph and the important details, and then finish the following: 1)Choose the best answer to each question or to finish each sentence according to the text.(1)Why do Japanese people light lamps during the Festival of the Dead? A.Because they want to make the festival colorful.B.Because they want to light up their rooms.C.Because they want to light up their way.D.Because they want to lead their ancestors to return to earth.(2)Which of the following was not mentioned as a famous person in the text? A.Mohandas Gandi.B.Christopher Columbus.C.Abraham Lincoln.D.Qu Yuan.(3)The place where people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruits is ______________.A.India B.America C.Europe D.China(4)Easter is held in memory of the return of Jesus for Christians and also celebrates ______________.A.the coming of spring B.the autumn harvest C.the Lunar New Year D.the end of a year Suggested answers:(1)D(2)C(3)C(4)A 2)Use the information from the reading passage to answer the following questions.(1)What are festivals of the dead usually for?(2)What makes autumn festivals happy events?(3)What do people usually do at spring festivals?(4)What is one important reason to have festivals and celebrations?(5)Compare the festivals of the dead in Mexico, Japan and China.What things are similar? What things are different? 3.Reading and discussion Read the text a third time and then work in pairs to do the following.1)Based on the reading passage, what do most festivals seem to have in common? Why do you think these things might be important to people everywhere? Talk with your partner and fill in the chart below.Three common things Reasons why they are important to people everywhere 1.2.3.2)Discuss in pairs which festivals you think are the most important and which are the most fun.Then fill in the chart with your ideas.Type of festival Example of festival Reasons for your
choice Most important
Most fun
(Let students have enough time to read the passage carefully and discuss the questions and charts with their partners.Encourage them to expand their answers according to their own experiences.)4.Explanation Help students analyze some difficult, long and complex sentences and guess the meanings of some new words.Encourage them to try to deal with the language points in the context.Discuss the following important sentences and phrases in the passage.1)Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.2)In memory of 3)India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.4)People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.5)The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.6)The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.Suggested explanations: 1)The sentence contains a non-restrictive attributive clause who might return either to help or to do harm.It means people hold some festivals either to show respect to the dead or to make their ancestors happy in case they might come back to do harm.2)In memory of: serving to recall sb., to keep him fresh in people’s minds He wrote a poem in memory of his dearest wife, who died in an accident.in honor of: showing great respect or high public regard 3)The leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain: a noun phrase followed by an attributive clause as the appositive 4)two clauses for reason 5)energy n.→ energetic adj.: full of or done with energy look forward to: “to” is a preposition here.I’m looking forward to hearing from you.be devoted to;be/get used to;get down to;stick to...6)covered with cherry tree flowers: a past participle phrase equal to “which is covered with cherry tree flowers” as though: as if He talks as though he knew all about it.He looks as if he had seen a ghost.5.Reading aloud and underlining Ask students to read the passage aloud to the tape and let them pay attention to the pronunciation of each new word and the pauses within each sentence.Tell them to pick out all the useful expressions or collocations from the passage while reading and copy them to the notebook after class as homework.→Step 5 Consolidation
Ask students to talk about festivals in their own words according to the text.Then let them complete the following passage with proper words or phrases.There are all kinds of festivals and ______________ around the world, which are held for different ______________.The ancient festivals were mainly held at three times a year—the end of the cold ______________, planting in spring and ______________ in autumn.Some festivals are held to ______________ the dead or ______________ the ancestors, who might return either to help or ______________, while other festivals are held to honor famous people or to the ______________, such as Dragon Boat Festival, Columbus Day, and so on.Harvest and ______________ festivals are happy events because their food is ______________ for the winter and the ______________ work is over, to which Mid Autumn Festival belongs.And the most ______________ and important festivals are the ones that ______________ the end of winter and to the coming of ______________ such as the Lunar New Year, at which people have a very ______________.Suggested answers: celebrations;reasons;weather;harvest;honor;to satisfy;to do harm;gods;Thanksgiving;gathered;agricultural;energetic;look forward to;spring;good time →Step 6 Homework
1）Preview the next part about reading to get the main idea.2)Translate these sentences into English:（People usually do at the Spring Festival）1 大扫除迎新年的到来。（do some cleaning）2 除夕夜放鞭炮。(set off firecrackers)3孩子们穿上新衣服。(dress up)4互相拜访亲戚或朋友。(visit relatives)5 北方人喜欢吃饺子。(dumpling)6家长给孩子们压岁钱。(lucky money in red packets)3)Write a passage:
My favourite festival-the Spring Festival 参考写作内容:
春节是中国最重要的节日, 它不仅是庆祝农历新年的到来, 也是家人团聚的时候。除夕之夜，人们穿着漂亮的新衣服，与家人团聚并一起在家里吃丰盛的年饭。午夜，人们会放鞭炮迎接新年的到来。在春节期间，人们互相拜访亲戚或朋友。大人习惯上要给孩子们压岁钱，祝福孩子们新年好运。在许多地方，人们放炮竹。但是在一些城市，放炮竹已经被禁止了。孩子们非常盼望过新年，因为他们可以吃美味的东西，穿上新衣服，开心地玩耍。更重要的是，他们可以得到父母、亲戚的压岁钱。→Step 8.Reflection
Ⅶ.Blackboard design
Unit 1 Festivals around the world
Festivals and Celebrations Kinds of Festivals Festivals Festivals Harvest Spring
Names of Festivals
Countries
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