第一篇:最新2018年高中英语人教版精品详细学案资源-Women of achievement[学案]
最新2018年高中英语人教版精品详细学案资源
Unit one Women of achievement
单词
1.achieve [tiv]vt.完成;达到
【巧记提示】a-(to)+chief(ve)(最有价值的部分),达到A级价值。【经典例句】By hard working we can achieve anything.只要我们努力,任何事情都能成功。
【考点聚焦】1)形容词:achievable 能完成的;能达到的;同义词:accomplish v.完成(任务等);
2)名词:achievement 成就;功绩
当achievement作“成就;业绩”解时是可数名词; 作“完成;实现”解时,是不可数名词。
后缀-ment附在动词或动词词根后构成名词,类似的词还有
entertain—entertainment,move—movement,equip—equipment,judge—judg(e)mentm,ship—shipment等。
3)achieve的常见搭配: 我的记忆卡
achieve success获得成功
achieve victory取得胜利 achieve one’s purpose达到目的achieve one’s aim 实现目标 achieve a good result 得到好的结果
achieve one’s goal 实现某人的目标 2.connection [knekn] n.连接;关系;亲戚 【巧记提示】connect(连接)+-ion(名词后缀)
【经典例句】 My sister-in-law is a connection of mine by marriage.我的嫂子是我的姻亲。
【考点聚焦】 1)同根词:connected adj.联接的;有关系的;connective adj.连接的;联合的; connectingn.连接;管接头;近义词:association,relation 2)与connection有关的词组:
have connection with “与……有关系”,如:
His illness must have had some connection with his diet.他的病想必与他的饮食有关。
in connection with “与……有关;关于”,如:
The teachers often deal with problems in connection with education.老师经常处理和教育有关的问题。
3)connect加后缀-ion构成名词,类似的词还有: 我的记忆卡
act—action communicate—communication correct—correction operate—operation instruct—instruction translate—translation 3.behave [bheIv] vt.& vi.举动;举止;行为表现 【巧记提示】 be-(使)+ have(有),使有好的举止。【经典例句】 He behaved with great courage in the battle.他在这次战斗中表现得非常勇敢。
【考点聚焦】 1)同根词:misbehave v.使行为不端;behavio(u)r n.举止;行为;表现;misbehavio(u)rn.不良行为
behaviour亦作 behavior,是英国英语和美国英语在拼法上的区别。类似的词还有favo(u)r(赞成;赞许),flavo(u)r(滋味;味道),vapo(u)r(蒸汽;雾),neighbo(u)r(邻居)等。
2)常用搭配:behave oneself 使举止好;使举止规矩 4.worthwhile [w:(h)wal] adj.值得花时间(精力)的;有价值的
【巧记提示】 worth(价值)+ while(消磨)→值得消磨时间→有价值 【经典例句】 It is worthwhile to visit the museum.参观这个博物馆是值得的。
【考点聚焦】1)区别worthwhile与worth,worthy的用法:
worthwhile意为“值得”,指花时间、精力、金钱等去做某事是值得的。如:
It is worthwhile to read the book.=It is worthwhile reading the book.=Reading the book is worthwhile.这本书值得一读。
但不可以说The book is worthwhile reading.worth表示“价值……”时,后接价值数量词;当表示“值得”时,后接名词、代词或动名词(不能接不定式),常用well修饰,不用very。如:
This laptop is worth 10 000 yuan and it is well worth buying.这台笔记本电脑值10 000元,很值得买。
worthy表示“有价值的;可尊敬的”时,常作定语;表示“值得”时,常作表语,结构为 worthy of sth.。如:
It is a worthy cause and worthy of our hardworking.这是一份高尚的事业,值得我们努力。worthy后面还可接动名词或不定式,结构分别是worthy of being done和worthy to be done。如:
The incident is worthy of being remembered.=The incident is worthy to be remembered.这次事件值得纪念。5.observe [zv] vt.观察;观测;遵守 【巧记提示】ob-(对,向)+ serve(服务),对服务质量进行观察。【经典例句】We should strictly observe the discipline.我们应该严格遵守纪律。
【考点聚焦】1)同根词:observer n.观察者;observatory n.天文台;气象台; observation n.观察;观测
近义词:examine v.检查;仔细观察 2)observe的用法:
observe+宾语+宾语补足语(不带to的不定式/动词的-ing形式),被动语态要用带to的不定式。如:
They were observed to enter the bank/entering the bank.他们被注意着进了银行。observe+从句,如:
The boy observed what was going on between Tom and his sister.这个男孩注意着汤姆和他姐姐之间所发生的事。
3)当表示“看”时,observe,watch,see,notice的区别: observe 相当于watch carefully,指从不同的角度长时间地看并研究,尤其用于实验或研究等 场合,如observe the stars(观察星星),observe the behavior of birds(观察鸟类的习性)等; watch意为“看;观看,特别留意、感兴趣地看运动着的东西”。如 watch TV(看电视),watch a game(观看比赛)等;
see 指“看到;看见”;强调看的结果,有意或无意地看到;
notice 指“看到;注意到;觉察到”;偶尔看到细小的但可能是重要的。6.respect [rpekt] vt.& n.尊敬;尊重;敬意 【巧记提示】re-(再,又)+spect(“注视”的词根),再看表示敬意。【经典例句】 Youth should always show respect to old age.年轻人总是应该尊敬老人。
【考点聚焦】1)同根词:respecting prep.关系;说到;self-respect 自尊心 2)形容词respectable,respectful 与respective 的区别:
respectable 指“值得尊敬的”;respectful表示“尊敬的;恭敬的”;respective 指“各自的;分别的”。
3)表示“尊敬”时,respect和honour,regard的区别:
respect 正式用语,指对父母、年长者、正直的人、学者、法律、秘密等的尊敬或敬重。如: He respects his teachers.他尊敬老师。honour非常尊敬(respect highly),指对君主、长辈、父母、贵人、德高望重之人、正直之人、天神等的敬意。如:
He was honoured as a man of courage.他被尊为勇者。
regard指对父母、他人的感情,对法律、安息日等的尊敬。如: We all regard our English teacher highly.我们都很尊敬我们的英语老师。7.argue [′a:gju:] vi.争论;辩论 vt.争论;说服 【巧记提示】 argue(争论)large(大量的),大量的争论。
【经典例句】 He argued that the experiment could be done in another way.他认为这项实验可以换一种方法做。
【考点聚焦】1)同根词:argument n.论点,争论,论据; arguable adj.有商榷余地的;可辩驳的;可论证的 2)argue 的用法:
argue with sb.about/over sth.因为……和……争辩,如: They are arguing with the officials over foreign policies.他们正就外交政策与官员们进行辩论。argue+that 从句,如:
We argued that we should be paid more.我们据理力争我们应该得到更高的薪水。argue+sb.to be...说明……,如:
The way he spends money argues him to be rich/that he is rich.他花钱的方式说明他很富有。
argue for/against提出理由支持/反对,如:
He argued against the use of animals in this experiment.他反对用动物做这个实验。
8.entertainment [nttennt] n.款待;娱乐;娱乐表演 【巧记提示】 entertain(娱乐)+-ment(名词后缀)
【经典例句】 This is a serious novel,not an entertainment.这是一本严肃的小说,不是消遣读物。
【考点聚焦】 1)同根词:entertain v.招待;款待;使……欢乐;给……娱乐; entertaining adj.使人愉快的;有趣的 2)与entertainment相关的词组:
provide entertainment for...为……提供娱乐 give an entertainment to sb.招待某人
3)后缀-ment附在动词或动词词根后构成名词,类似的词: achieve—achievement
move—movement equip—equipment
judge—judg(e)ment 9.inspire [nspa] vt.鼓舞;感动;激发;启示 【巧记提示】 in(在里面)+ spire(呼吸),在呼吸中得到启示。【经典例句】 We are all inspired by the heroic deeds of Dr.Bethune.白求恩的英雄事迹使我们大家深受鼓舞。
【考点聚焦】 1)名词:inspiration n.灵感;启发;鼓舞人的事或人 2)inspire的用法: inspire+宾语,如:
His speech inspired us.他的发言鼓舞了我们。inspire+宾语+宾语补足语,如
He inspired me to try again.他鼓励我再试一次。3)inspiring 和inspired 的区别:
inspiring 鼓舞人心的;inspired受到鼓舞的。动词加-ing 的形容词有主动或进行的含义;
动词加-ed的形容词有被动或已完成的含义。如: The students were all inspired by the inspiring song.学生们都被这首振奋人心的歌曲所鼓舞。
10.communication [kmjunken] n.通讯;通信;交流 【巧记提示】 communicat(交流)去e+-ion(名词后缀)【经典例句】 He has been in communication with his family.他一直与家里保持联系。
【考点聚焦】 同根词:communicate v.传达;交流;communicative adj.爱说话的;健谈的;communicating adj.(作定语)(房间等)互通的;相连的;连接的 11.strike [strak] v.打击;打动 n.罢工;袭击 【巧记提示】 s+trike(三轮车),蛇(s)骑三轮车去罢工。【经典例句】 The union leaders called on a strike.工会领导号召罢工。【考点聚焦】 1)同根词:striker n.罢工者;打击者;striking adj.惹人注目的;打击的;stike的过去式是struck,过去分词是struck或stricken,现在分词是striking。2)strike 的其他一些词义:
vt.打;敲;击;袭击;击中;划火柴。如: I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.我划着一根火柴伸到他的烟上。
vt.突然想起;某种想法突然出现;给人留下印象。如: An idea suddenly struck me.我忽然心生一计。
3)作“打;击”讲时strik和beat,hit,tap,的区别: beat(用棍、棒等连续)打;击; hit打;击;击中(仅只一次的击); tap(连续)轻拍;轻打;轻扣; strike打;击;攻击;袭击。
12.consideration [knsdren] n.考虑;体谅 【巧记提示】 consider(考虑)+-ation(名词后缀)
【经典例句】 After long consideration he agreed to their requests.考虑许久以后,他同意了他们的请求。
【考点聚焦】 1)同根词:considerate adj.体贴人的;体谅人的;considered adj.经过深思熟虑的;considering prep.考虑到;就……而论 2)动词 consider(vt.考虑;认为)的用法:
后接名词、动名词、疑问词+不定式或宾语从句。如:
I’m considering changing my job.我正考虑换个工作。(接动名词)3)常用搭配:in consideration of考虑到;为了……的缘故;由于
4)当表示“认为”时,consider与 think,believe,regard,suppose,guess,imagine,fancy的区别:
consider经考虑而认为,较客观;
think是最普通的词,含推理、判断,形成看法之意; believe相信,认为;
regard与consider常可换用,但含个人的主观认识较强一些; suppose近似于think,但含不确切之意,比think少根据; guess凭想像加以猜测;imagine想像;fancy凭空想像。13.deliver [dlv] vt.递送;生(小孩);发表(演说等)【巧记提示】de-(分离)+ liver(肝脏),生孩子如同除去肝脏。【经典例句】 The professor delivered a lecture to us yesterday.教授昨天给我们作了个讲座。
【考点聚焦】 1)名词:delivery n.投递;发送;分娩 2)deliver作“生(小孩)”解时与bear的区别: deliver指“助产”,如:
She was delivered of a healthy boy.她生下一个健康的男孩儿。
bear作“生育”解时是及物动词,如:
She bore(has borne)six children.她生了六个孩子。
短语
1.either...or 不是……就是……
【巧记提示】 either(任一)+or(或者)【经典例句】 She is either drunk or mad.她不是醉了就是疯了。
【考点聚焦】 1)either表示“也”时,只用于否定句或否定词组末尾。用在肯定句中的是too。如:
Dad didn’t go and Mum didn’t go either.爸爸没去,妈妈也没去。
2)在either...or的句子中,谓语动词的单复数根据就近的主语而定。如: Either you or your twin sister has broken the glass.不是你就是你的双胞胎姐姐打碎了杯子。同类用法有:neither...nor 两者都不……
neither...nor 的反义词为both...and “两者都……”,谓语动词则为复数。2.be determined to do sth.决心做某事
【经典例句】 We are determined to succeed this time.这次我们决心要取得成功。
【考点聚焦】 1)同义词组:make up one’s mind(to do sth.)2)determine vt.(使)决定;确定,其用法如下: determine+不定式,如:
He determined to learn English.他决定学英语。determine+宾语+不定式,如:
His advice determined me to delay no more.他的劝告使我决定不再拖延。determine+从句,如:
He determined that he would leave.他决定离开。
3)be determined to do sth.短语中determined是形容词,意为“坚定的”,还可作定语。如: Madame Curie was a determined woman and set a good example to us.居里夫人是一位坚强的女性,给我们树立了好榜样。3.argue for 提供支持的理由,为支持……而辩论
【巧记提示】 argue(说服)+for(为了)→为了说服而提供理由。
【经典例句】 The workers argued for the right to strike.工人们为争取罢工的权力而辩论。【考点聚焦】 1)常用搭配:argue with sb.about(over)sth.与某人辩论某事,如: They are arguing with their classmates about the solution to the problem.他们正和同班同学争论这个难题的解决方案。
2)注意argue后面的介词for 和against分别表示不同的含义: Some people argue for free trade.一些人为支持自由贸易辩论。Some people argue against free trade.一些人为反对自由贸易辩论。3)argue的名词形式为argument(论点;争论;论据)。4.look down upon/on 看不起,轻视 【巧记提示】 把人“往下看”→看不起
【经典例句】 I hope you don’t look down upon/on this kind of work.我希望你不要看不起这种工作。
【考点聚焦】 1)同义词组:hold sb./sth.in contempt;反义词组:think highly of 2)以look为核心构成的短语: 我的记忆卡 look at 看着
look about/around环顾四周;警戒 look after 照料;照看
look forward to盼望;期待 look for 寻找
look into调查;注视……的内部或深处 look on旁观;观望
look out向外看;当心;警戒 look like看起来像
look over检查;检阅 look through浏览;检查
look up(在词典、参考书中)查找 look up to尊敬
look down at低头看某事 5.care for 喜欢;照顾
【经典例句】 Do you care for art? 你喜欢艺术吗?
【考点聚焦】 1)care for作“照顾”解时,同义词是look after,take care of。
2)care for与 care about,take care,take care of的区别: care about指“ 担心;关心”;
take care 常用于口语中,意为“当心;注意”;或用于分别时或信末时表示“保重”; take care of指“照顾;照料;爱护”;
3)当care for 表示“喜欢;想要”时,常用于疑问句或否定句。6.as well as 除……之外还;也;和
【巧记提示】 as(同样地)+well(好)+as(像)
【经典例句】 It is important for you as well as for me.这对于你我同样重要。
【考点聚焦】 掌握as well as 与 as well,as good as 的区别:
as well as相当于介词,用于肯定句中,起连接作用。当主语后面跟有as well as引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。如: The teacher as well as the students was excited.老师和学生一样激动。
as well指“也;又”,用于肯定句句尾,相当于too,also。如: He is a scientist,but he is a poet as well.他是一个科学家,也是一个诗人。as good as 指“几乎(是);等于是”。如: He is as good as dead.他几乎是半死不活了。7.devote...to 把……奉献给
【巧记提示】devote(献身)+to(向)
【经典例句】He devoted all his life to the cause of education.他将全部生命献给了教育事业。
【考点聚焦】 1)近义词组:make contribution to
2)devote oneself to 献身于;致力于;专心于;沉溺于。如: He devoted himself completely to work.他专心于工作。
3)devote...to中的to是介词,所以后面接名词或动名词。如: He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他把一生都献给了为人类谋福利。我的记忆卡 类似的词组:
look forward to(期待)
lead to(导致)pay attention to(注意)
listen to(听)stick to(坚持)
object to(反对)
句子
1.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙,这才使她得以开始自己的计划。【剖析】这是一个倒装句。正常语序的陈述句应当是She was allowed to begin her project after her mother came to help her for the first few months.only位于句首修饰状语时,主句用倒装结构。
【拓展】倒装使用较复杂,我们不妨用口诀来记忆:
疑问句,there be;条件句,if去; 强表语,重状语;引语后,常用起; 否定词,开头时;only语,往前置; 免重复,需代替;要祝愿,为修辞。
2.For forty years Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.40年来,简·古多尔帮助世界上的其他人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。
【剖析】 1)这个句子用的是现在完成进行时,其结构是have(has)+ been+动词-ing形式,它表示从过去某个时间开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在,可能还会再进行下去。
2)the rest of的后面可接可数名词,也可接不可数名词,但要注意其后面接的词的单复数,以便决定后面动词的单复数形式。如:
The rest of the money was given to his son.他把剩下的钱都给了他的儿子。The rest of the sailors were missing.其余的水手都失踪了。【拓展】辨析:现在完成时与现在完成进行时
现在完成时表示动作开始于过去,到现在已经完成了,并且对现在产生了一定影响或结果。如:
—What have you done? 你干了什么?
—I have broken a teapot.我打碎了一把茶壶。而现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性。如: —What have you been doing? 你一直在做什么? —I have been practising the piano.我一直在练弹钢琴。
3.I did not realize that my homework was to change my life.我没有意识到我的作业竟会改变我的生活。
【剖析】 这是一个以that引导的宾语从句。在这个宾语从句中,was to change属于“be+不定式”结构,此处表示“不可避免的、将要发生的、命中注定的事”。如: We were sure then that he was to become a very important person.我们当时确信他会成为一位重要人物。
【拓展】1)“be+动词不定式”通常用来表示“计划、打算(=be going to)”。如: The line is to be opened to traffic on National Day.这条铁路将在国庆节通车。
2)“be+动词不定式”还可表示命令,意为“必须;不得不”。如: You are to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完作业才能看电视。
4.It struck me like lightening how difficult it must have been for a woman to get a medical training so long ago when women’s education was always placed second to men’s.这想法闪电般地划过我的脑海,在那久远的年代,当妇女的教育总是次于男性的时候,一个女子去学医一定是相当困难的。
【剖析】1)在这个句子中,it是形式主语,真正的主语很长,是由how difficult引导的主语从句。
2)how difficult引导的主语从句中还包含一个由when引导的定语从句,修饰so long ago。3)“must have+过去分词”用来表示对过去某种情况的推测,可能性极大,意为“一定,肯定发生了某事”,只用于肯定句,在疑问句或否定句中常用can/could代替。如: Where can John have put the matches? He can’t have thrown them away.约翰把火柴放到哪里去了?他不可能把火柴扔了。
【拓展】 “情态动词+不定式完成式”的用法: 1)can/could/should/ought +不定式的完成式 肯定式表示本来可以做而实际上未能做(某事);can/could的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定,should/ought否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。如: He cannot have been to that town.他不可能去过那个镇子。She shouldn’t have taken away my pen,for I wanted to use it.她不该拿走我的钢笔的,因为我要用它。2)may/might/must +不定式的完成式
表示对过去发生的行为的推测,must的否定或疑问形式用can来代替。如: He must have been to Shanghai.他一定去上海了。He can’t have been to Shanghai.他不可能去上海了。注意:He should have finished the work by now.到现在为止他应该完成了这项工作。(可以表示推测)3)needn’t +不定式的完成式
表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。如:
You needn’t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.你本来不必浇花的,因为天快下雨了。注意:
didn’t need to do表示“没有必要做而实际上也没有做某事”。如:
I didn’t need to clean the windows.My sister did it.我不必擦窗户。我姐姐擦过了。4)will +不定式的完成式
表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测,主要用于第二、三人称。如: He will have arrived by now.他现在应该到了。
5.Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that had got her into medical school.进一步阅读使我了解到,是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。
【剖析】 1)本句主干结构是:reading made me realize that...。是主语+谓语+宾语+宾补的结构。
2)that it was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that had got her into medical school是一个由that引导的宾语从句,作realize的宾语;从句中还有一个以it was that...开头的强调句,被强调的部分是 hard work,determination 和good nature。
3)further是形容词far的比较级。far的另一个比较级是farther。farther意思是 “(距离、时间上)更远”,further意思是“更远”或“(程度上)更进一步”。如: Can you go any farther? 你还走得动吗? 【拓展】 强调句型
1)强调的成分有主语、宾语、宾补,还可以强调时间状语、地点状语、原因状语或方式状语,但不能强调句子的谓语动词。连接词均用that(强调人时可用who),而不用when,where,why等。
强调句在强调主语时,that/who后边的动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果强调疑问词,应该把疑问词放在句首。如:
It is my parents who/that are singing in the next room.在隔壁唱歌的是我父母。When is it that we’ll hold a meeting?我们开会是在什么时候?
2)强调句中的谓语动词be可以演变为might be或must have been等形式。如: It might be tomorrow that we should arrive.我们大约在明天到达。3)not...until...句式的强调句形式为It wasn’t until...that...。如:
It was not until yesterday that I finished the book.直到昨天我才完成这本书。(原句为:I didn’t finish the book until yesterday.)
6.Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? 为什么不像林巧稚那样到医学院学习,然后再继续她的伟大事业? 【剖析】 1)Why not do sth.? 用来提出建议。如:
Your teeth are not in good condition.Why not have your milk without sugar? 你的牙不好,为什么不喝不加糖的牛奶呢?
2)carry on(with)sth./doing sth.意为“进行……;继续进行……”,相当于go on with。【拓展】 表示“建议”的一些句型: Why not...?
Why don’t you...? Would you like to...? Would you mind...? How about...? What about...? Shall we...? 语法
主谓一致
所谓主谓一致就是在句子中,谓语动词必须在人称和数上和主语保持一致。
主语一致的情况
1)并列结构作主语时的主谓一致
①由and,both...and连接的两个名词或代词作主语时,如果表示的人或物是不同的,或表示其他不同的观念时,谓语动词用复数。如:
Carl and Jack are my good friends.卡尔和杰克是我的好朋友。
如果表示的是同一人或物、同一观念时,谓语动词用单数形式。如: Bread and butter is nutritious.奶油面包是有营养的。②两个作主语的名词或代词由or,not only...but also...,either...or...,neither...nor...连接时,谓语动词应遵循就近原则,与后面那个主语的人称和数保持一致。如:
Neither you nor he is late.你和他都没有迟到。
③由and连接两个表示单数概念的名词作主语,其主语有every,each,no,many a等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Every teacher and every student is interested in collecting.所有的老师和同学都对收藏感兴趣。
④当主语是单数的时候,即使其后有with,along with,together with,as well as,rather than,like,besides,but,except,in addition to等词引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:
A woman with two children was seen walking down the street.有人看到一个妇女带着两个小孩朝街道那边走去了。2)单一名词作主语时的主谓一致
①有些学科名词,在形式上虽然是复数形式,但其实质意义表示单数概念。它们作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如:
No news is good news.没消息就是好消息。(谚语)②表示偶数出现、且不能拆成单数的工具名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如: My glasses are broken.我的眼镜被打碎了。
③动名词、不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,从句作主语时也用单数形式。如: Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(百闻不如一见)
④有些集体名词既可以表示单数,又可以表示复数,这类集体名词作主语时,如果它们所表示的人或物是作为一个整体来理解,谓语动词用单数形式;如果作为若干个体来理解,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Our class is diligent.我们班的同学都很刻苦。
Our class are visiting the park next week.我们班下星期要参观那个公园。其他情况的主谓一致 1)the+形容词
“the+形容词”表类别、一类人或物,当它表示一类人时谓语动词用复数,当它表示一类物时谓语动词用单数。如:
The beauty is hers.这些漂亮的玩意是她的。(表物)2)one of
在one of+复数名词或代词+从句这样的结构中,谓语动词用单数形式。如: One of them is American.他们当中有一个是美国人。
可用于这样结构的还有:neither of,either of,each of等。3)none of
none of后面如果连接的是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。如果后面接的是可数名词,则谓语动词既可用单数,也可用复数。如:
None of his classmates knows(know)the truth.他的同学都不知道事情的真相。4)number of
number of前加a表示“许多的、大量的”,其后接复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。number of前加the表示数量、数目,其后无论接可数名词还是不可数名词,谓语动词都用单数形式。如:
A number of people have moved into new houses.许多人搬进了新房。The number of students in class is thirty.教室里有30人在上课。5)there be+并列主语
在there be+并列主语这一句型中,一般情况下谓语动词的选择遵循就近原则,与最近的一个主语的人称和数保持一致。如:
There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌上有一枝笔和两本书。6)many a/more than one...many a/more than one +单数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,意为“不止一个”。如:
Many a student is having practice.许多同学正在练习。
More than one student was late for school.昨天不止一个人上学迟到了。
more than two(three...)+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,意为“两个(三个……)以上”。如:
More than two students were late for school yesterday.昨天有两个以上的学生迟到了。
7)主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Four kilometers is not very far.四公里不算远。8)分数或百分数+of+词组
在分数或百分数+of+词组作主语时,谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。如: Two fifths of students are girls.有五分之二的学生是女生。Ten percent of families owns a car.10%的家庭有小汽车。
第二篇:高中英语写作学案
Part FourWriting
【学海导航】
要求:在写作前积累一定的有关话题的词组表达方式。并且能正确使用在写作中。
I.Words and phrases about health
keep fit_________lose weight___________good habit________comfortable________maintain good health_________relax________affect one’s health____________regular physical exercises__________________benefit one's health_______________instead of_________________
II.Learn the following useful sentences for writing
There're many ways to keep healthy.First of all, … Second,…Finally,…
We should have a balanced diet.Some food gives us fast energy, such as…
We can/could/should/ought to…
In order to stay healthy,…
I suggest we(should)… if we want to be in good shape.Never should we… which does great harm to our health.We had better … so as to keep fit.Make sure to… so that we can build up our body.To begin with,… What’s more,… Besides,…Last but not least,…
III.Translation
1.每天做运动是保持健康的一种好方法。
__________________________________is a good way to keep fit.2.如果你想保持健康,丢掉坏习惯是一个不错的主意。
It would be a good idea to_______________________________ if you want to stay healthy.3.保持工作和生活平衡无疑是非常重要。
It is no doubt of great importance to 4.我们是否能保持健康取决于我们的饮食是否平衡。
Whether we _____________________________________depends on whether we
【学习探究】
要求:能清楚文章的结构布局,列出大纲,并能基本完成写作,连句成篇。
Ⅰ.基础写作
一家叫 People’s Health Paper 的报纸来信约你撰写一篇有关健康的文章准备刊登在该报纸上,内容可以涉及健康与饮食习惯、食品、生活习惯的关系等。请你以“How to Keep You Healthy”为题写一篇英语短文。注意:可以自由发挥,但是主题要鲜明,条理要清晰。字数在100左右。
1.看过题目后,请为你的文章列出大纲,确定中心思想。列出文章分为几部分,并写出每部
分的中心句。
Part ________________________________________________________________________ Part ________________________________________________________________________ Part ________________________________________________________________________ Part ________________________________________________________________________ Part ________________________________________________________________________
2.请写出每部分的具体例子,来支撑每部分的中心句。
Part_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Part_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Part_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Part_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Part_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
3.请把自己所给出的信息结合写作要求完成初稿。
How to Keep You Healthy
【自改互改】
要求:自己发现写作中的问题,并通过小组互改,完善文章。提高写作能力。
1.请自己全文通读,挑出单词拼写错误,语法错误,句子结构错误。
拼写错误:_________---_____________________---__________
_________---_____________________---__________
_________---_____________________---__________
错误语法点:1)_______________________________
2)_______________________________
3)_______________________________
4)_______________________________
错句:1)_______________________________________________________________订正:
2)_______________________________________________________________订正:
3)_______________________________________________________________订正:
4)_______________________________________________________________订正:
2.小组内互相交流,互改。修改完善文章。
3.自己最后进行加工修改,确定最后的文章。
【课后作业】
重新整理并在作业本上完成写作任务。
【自评】你认为本节课你对写作技巧的掌握________
A.很好B.基本掌握C.没搞太懂D.收获不明显
第三篇:高中英语必修3_Unit_5_语法教学案
2013-2014学紫荆中学高一英语(必修3)Unit5导学案设计:郭凤萍
审核:高一英语集研组
班级:小组:组内号:姓名:评价:必修3 Unit 5Canada―“The True North学案导学
Period four grammar:同位语从句
一、Preparation for the lesson before class
Stepone: make a thorough inquiry for grammar
learn by oneself(SB P37 Discovering useful structures)
Let’s students find out and understand concepts usesofby consuling materials.同位语从句是名词性从句的一种,常用从属连词that引导,(when, where, who等也可引导),常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, ability, patience, answer, order, 逻辑上表现为同位关系。例如:
① Finally the workers got an answer that the government could do nothing to raise their wages.工人们最终得知政府不会采取任何措施来增加他们的工资。
② They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点,所有的物质都是由原子构成的。
二、Discussing each other during class
审核:高一英语集研组
班级:小组:组内号:姓名:评价:
Steptwo:同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别
:
1)从先行词来看
同位语从句与名词在本质上是同一的,是形式与内容的关系,该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。例如:
They were delighted at the news that their team had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。
逻辑关系:The news was that their team had won.2)从引导词来看
引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体含义,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,他在从句中充当一定成分:主语或宾语,有具体词意,作宾语时还可以省略。试比较:
①The factory(that)we visited yesterday is a chemical one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。(that在从句中作宾语)
②The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。(that只起连接从句的作用。)
Stepthree:同位语从句的简易判断方法
因同位语从句与其先行词在逻辑上是同位关系,所以,我们可在名词和从句之间加系动词be, 使其可以构成一个新句子,如果合乎逻辑,句子通顺,则句子为同位语从句;定语从句是不能够用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。例如:
审核:高一英语集研组
班级:小组:组内号:姓名:评价:The thief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries.地球是扁平的这一观念依然在一些国家存在。(The belief is that the earth is flat.)
三、Summary
Stepfour:Teacher and students toghter.课后拓展
※单项填空
1.A story goes _____ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that
2.There is a feeling in me ______ we’ll never know what a UFO is forever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what
3.Word came ______ the examination will be held in June instead of in July.A.thatB.whenC.whetherD.what
4.The fact ______ he failed the exam is not the one ______ he told me.A.which;thatB.that;thatC.which;whichD./;that
5.I have no idea ______ we ______ hand in our papers after class.A.if;needB.whether;need toC.if;ought toD.that;dare
6.They didn’t tell me the fact ______ they had already paid the bill.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if
审核:高一英语集研组
班级:小组:组内号:姓名:评价:
7.Information has been put forward ______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.what
8.The doctors are trying to reduce the patient’s fear ______ he would die of disease.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.if
9.You have not answered my question ______ I can join in the party tonight.A.whetherB.ifC.whichD.that
10.It is a common belief _______ teenagers today know about computers and are familiar _____ using them in all aspects of life.A.that;outB.what;withC.that;withD.what;about
11.There is no doubt _____ my friend Smith will come to visit China soon.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.when
12.The possibility ______ the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.A.whichB./C.thatD.what
13.The suggestion _____ students should learn some practical knowledge is worth considering.A.ifB.whichC./D.that
14.The news came ______ The British Queen’s Mother celebrated her 101st
2013-2014学紫荆中学高一英语(必修3)Unit5导学案设计:郭凤萍审核:高一英语集研组
班级:小组:组内号:姓名:评价:
15.birthday in good health, _____ isn’t surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.A.that;whichB.which;whichC.that;thatD.when;as
16.Along with the letter was his promise _____ he would visit me on this coming Christmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
17.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ______ road conditions need ______.A.that;to be improvedB.which;to be improved
C.where;improvingD.when;improving
17.It was with great joy ______ he received the news ______ his lost son would soon return home.A.because;thatB.that;thatC.because;whichD.that;/
18.A decision was made _______ those who once lied to the factory in order to get a job would not be allowed to stay.A.whetherB.whenC.thatD.once
19.One of the men held the view ________ the book said was right.A.that whatB.what thatC.thatD.all which
20.It is no longer a question now _______man can land on the moon.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.what
Suggested answer:1-5.DAABB;6-10.ABCAC;11-15.ACDAB;16-20.ABCAA
第四篇:高中英语写作教学案分析
高中英语写作教学案例分析
-----谈过程性写作的应用
重庆市云阳双江中学校王昌福
写作是学习外语的一种途径和手段,它不仅是一种能力,而且能有力地促进学生的英语学习。近年来,书面表达在高考试题中占有重要地位。因此,搞好书面表达教学就显得十分重要。然而由于各种原因及东西方文化在思维与写作方面的差异,学生的写作水平普遍低下。
长期以来,如何有效地进行英语写作教学也一直困扰着广大英语教师。“给出题目、提出要求,学生完成习作,教师批改,出示范文”的传统英语写作教学模式往往使大部分学生被动完成写作任务,缺乏积极性和写作的热情,同时广大教师苦于修改学生习作中的语法、词汇等细节性错误,形成了“学生怕写,教师厌改,效果欠佳”的现象。
下面我以一案例探讨高中英语写作教学,与大家共勉。
一、教学设计理念
通过近几年高中英语写作课的课堂教学实践,并结合学生在英语写作中所表现出的问题,我发现将过程教学法应用于写作指导中的效果十分明显,尤其是应用于写前准备阶段,更有利于培养学生的写作兴趣、参与意识和合作意识。过程性写作教学法将写作大致分为三个阶段和六个步骤,即:写前阶段(pre-writing)、写中阶段(while-writing)、写后阶段(post-writing)和主题导入、小组讨论、初写文章、点拨优化、再写修正、作品展示六个步骤。学生在教师的反馈和指导下完成写作任务。这种层层铺垫,循序渐进的过程,不仅让学生对写作做到胸有成竹,而且系统地训练了写作思维。
二、教学案例分析
下面这个教学案例是实践中的一部分, 应用了过程性写作教学法,突出了学生主体,教师主导的教学理念。现以人民教育出版社2003版高中英语教材Unit 1,Writing部分的教学为例进行分析探讨。本堂课的教学任务是“Write An E-mail to an e-pal”。作为刚进高中的学生,英语功底虽然不厚,不过对这个话题很熟悉,学生有话可说,具有真实性。
(一)写前阶段(pre-writing)
这个环节包括主题导入和小组讨论两个步骤。教师导入主题和任务,拓开学生思维,激起学生的写作意向。然后通过学生分小组讨论,激活有关词汇和有用表达,为写做铺垫。就本节课而言,我考虑到学生刚进入高一,同学之间不熟悉,可能同学们开始并不太活跃,有 1
些学生的思维不够开阔,于是首先提出了一些引导性的问题导入主题:
Do you have friends?
Do you know how to make friends?
Do you know you can use the internet to make friends?
Do you have an e-pal? Do you want to have one?
Have you ever written an e-mail? Do you know how to write an e-mail?
然后,我引导学生思考,给每个小组五分钟讨论,之后每个小组表达自己的观点。讨论中教师一定要在教室中走动,密切关注各个小组的讨论进程,适时得提供一些帮助。通过小组汇报,学生归纳出如下内容:
What to write:
introduce yourself including who you are;
where you are from, your hobbies and so on;
why do you think you can be his or her friend;
ask some questions you are interested in, eg, something about his friends, his school , his country and so on;
How to write:
Use Indirect Speech such as you wrote that or in your letter you said that talk about likes and dislikes.Conclusion(your wishes)
Useful expressions:
be from, be fond of, what I like/love/ dislike/hate is, my favorite is…….我发现,课堂上学生间的讨论是很有益处的,不仅可以集中学习注意力,培养他们积极思考的习惯,还训练他们的口头表达能力,同时合作意识也会得到极大的开发。同时,经过学生的讨论及总结,做了良好的铺垫,解决了不知道写什么、怎样表达的问题,为学生树立了写的信心和勇气。
(二)写中阶段(while-writing)
这一阶段为学生提供了使用语言、完善语言的机会,主要任务是培养学生语言的流畅性。它由三个步骤组成:初写文章、点拨优化、再写修正。这个过程是一个循环的过程。具体做
法如下:首先,要求学生在讨论的基础上独立写作,要求隔行书写,以便修改。个人完成后根据自评和互评作文评估表进行修改,商讨本组的汇报内容,确定汇报文本。然后,小组汇报,让其他组别找出优缺点。接着,教师结合学生所展示的初写文章和总结出的优缺点,从格式、内容要点、语法修辞到语言习惯进行点拨。最后,学生独立修改自己的文章。完成后再次互评作文。下面是一小组提供的初写作品,我展示给大家,一起分析和修改。
Dear Jane:
I am Tolley.I want your e-pal.I studying in Yunyang Shuangjiang Middle school,Chongqing.I like English best , so I want to talk with you.I fond of reading and listen to music in my spare time.I’m a quiet girl.What about you? I want to know something about yourself and your school life.I hope you to write to me soon.Good luck to you.对待这样一篇文章,怎么改,首先让学生分析主要问题是什么:
(1)句中语法错误较多。
(2)中文式表达。
(3句型结构单一。
(4)词汇不丰富。
(5)文章欠流畅。
然后让学生自改和互改,首先修改基本的错误;再为文章作色。
其实,互评作文也有助于作文标准的内化,促进学生间的相互学习。同时,通过学生讨论、互评、教师点拨的循环过程,让学生明白了怎样选择详弱、文章结构如何建构以及如何给文章添彩增色等写作难题。
(三)写后阶段(post-writing)
这是一个展现自我,树立信心,激发学生写作积极的阶段。展示几篇优秀习作,让全班同学学习和欣赏。鉴于学生的好胜心,我还将一些优秀作文张贴出来,以便大家能够互相学习。这是当堂通过再写修正后的一篇作文:
Dear Jane:
This is Catt from China.I’d like to be your e-pal.I’m a senior-one student in Yunyang Shuangjiang Middle school,Chongqing.English is my favorite subject, so I think it’s a good chance to communicate with you.I like reading and playing
volleyball in my spare time.I’m an out-going and optimistic boy.What about you? I want to know something about yourself and your school life.Besides, I have some difficulty in improving my oral English.I hope that you can give me some advice on it.Look forward to hearing from you.Best wishes to you.传统的办法是,在学生完成习作后,老师给出范文,并从格式,内容要点,语法修辞到语言习惯进行讲解分析。我利用学生中的优秀作品作为写作样板,让学生将自己的作文与身边同学的进行比较,找出差距,更能激发同学们的写作积极性。
三、教学启示
传统的结果式写作和范文教学对学生的学习方式和思维产生了很深的影响。开始时大部分学生在这样的课上都不积极参与和思考,甚至有一定的排斥,有的胆怯怕犯错误,不敢张嘴表达自己的观点,但在经过一段时间的引导,他们就会逐渐变得活跃起来,他们体会到教师引导他们思维,为写作铺好了路,写起文章来就会更轻松。所以教师的铺路搭桥的方式方法十分重要。教师要在课前精心准备写作话题,且采用多种方式来激发学生的想象力和学习积极性。
当然写作水平的提高不可能一蹴而就,它需要有计划、有步骤、循序渐进的严格训练。因此,教师在教学的过程中要让学生充分意识到英语写作的重要性,充分理解过程性写作的三个过程六个步骤,且要将其融为一体,反复练习,最终让其内化。
总而言之,经过实践探索,我觉得过程性写作在高中英语写作教学中的应用还是值得推广的,它克服了传统的“教师讲,学生记”的弊病,学生在教师引导下学会思考,学会分析,学会发现,学会表达,真正发挥了学生的主体作用和教师的主导作用,课堂上能做到全面提高学生的英语能力,通过师生、生生交流合作、探究,取得很好的教学效果。
参考书目:
(1)《外语教育实验的理论与实践》,重庆出版社出版
(2)《英语写作手册》,外语教学与研究出版社出版
(3)《青年与社会〃中外教育研究》,2011年1期《过程性写作在高中英语写作教学中应用的探究》
第五篇:最新2018年高中英语人教版精品详细学案资源-Women of achievement知识点预习学案导学
最新2018年高中英语人教版精品详细学案资源 必修4 Unit1 Women of achievement知识点预习学案导学
重点词汇 1.achieve
【课文原句】She has achieved everything she wanted to do…(P3)【名师点拨】achieve v.意为“完成;达到”,指经过长期努力而达到某目标、地位或标准等。其名词形式为achievement,意为“成就;功绩”,a sense of achievement可指“成就感”。如: He had finally achieved success.Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.2.condition 【课文原句】She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and education.(P1)【名师点拨】condition 意为“环境;境况;条件”时,是可数名词,常用复数形式conditions;意为“状态;状况”时,是不可数名词,be in good condition表示“处于良好的状态”,be out of condition表示“健康状况不佳”。如:
We should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad conditions.The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness.My car is old but in good condition.He is overweight and out of condition.【知识拓展】condition意为“条件”时,常用短语on condition that,表示“如果;在……条件下”;在美国英语中,也经常用under the condition that。如: I will come on condition that Peter is invited.They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt with quickly.3.devote 【课文原句】She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.(P1)【名师点拨】devote vt.意为“投入于;献身”,其宾语后常与介词to搭配,to后接名词、代词或动名词。devote … to … 意为“献身;致力于”,指把自己、时间、精力等奉献给某种工作或事业。如:
He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.The girl, to whom he was devoted, died in a traffic accident by chance.After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening.4.behave 【课文原句】Jane has studied these animals for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.(P2)【名师点拨】behave vi & vt.意为“举动;举止;行为表现”,如behave well / badly等。其名词形式为behaviour,指“行为;态度;举止”。如:
The parents encouraged the children to behave well in front of the guests.My camera has been behaving well since it was repaired.Everyone praises the children's good behaviour.5.worthwhile 【课文原句】But the evening makes it all worthwhile.(P2)1 【名师点拨】worthwhile adj.意为“值得做的;值得出力的”,可作表语或定语。be worthwhile to do / doing sth表示“值得做……”,在动词-ing形式的结构中,worthwhile有时可以用来替代worth,特别是在表示“值得花时间”这一概念时。如: I think teaching school is always a worthwhile job.The book referred to by the professor is worthwhile / worth reading.6.observe 【课文原句】Jane spent many years observing and recording their daily activities.(P2)【名师点拨】observe vt.意为“观察;观测;遵守”,可用observe sb do sth,observe + that从句。其名词形式为observation。如:
I observed the man who murdered the boy enter the shop.He observed that we should probably have rain.Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals’ behaviour.7.argue 【课文原句】She has argued for them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.(P2)【名师点拨】argue作动词时,意为“争论;争吵;争辩”。argue for意为“为……辩护”;argue with sb about / over sth指“就某事和某人争论”;argue against意为“据理反对;争辩……”。如:
It is no use arguing for the plan because it has been rejected.We are always arguing with each other about money.Father argued fiercely against any increase in expenditure for the children’s annual party.【知识拓展】argue的名词形式为argument,意为“争论;争端;论证”,常构成短语settle an argument指“解决争端”。9.care for 【课文原句】It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies by following some rules for keeping babies clean and healthy.(P6)【名师点拨】care for可以表示look after的意思,意为“照顾;照料”,且较正式;也可表示“喜欢”的意思。如:
His son cared for him when he was ill.In fact, I don’t really care for basketball.另外,在上面的句子中,explain意为“解释,说明”,后可接名词、代词、从句或wh + to do作宾语,可用explain sth to sb或explain to sb sth。如:
Will you explain to us how we can finish the work as soon as possible? 【知识拓展】care about意为“介意;在乎”,表示是否认为某事是重要的,某事是否引起了某人的兴趣或使其忧虑。最常用于疑问句或否定句中。about用在宾语前面,但是在连词前面一般省掉。
I don’t care about your opinion.I don’t care whether it rains — I’m happy.10.intend 【课文原句】I looked carefully at the text and realised that it was intended for women who lived in the countryside.(P6)【名师点拨】intend v.意为“打算;计划;想要”。intend to do sth意为“想干某事”;intend后也可以接动词-ing形式或that从句。intend for表示“原打算给某人;准备让……干……”。如:
I intended to come to your house last night but it rained.I intend coming / to come back soon.He hadn’t really intended that they should be there.This gift is intended for you.热点语法
主谓一致用法难点小结:
一、集合名词作主语时的主谓一致。
1.集合名词有family, team, group, party, class, public, club, crew, crowd, enemy, audience, company, committee, government, population等,当被看作一个整体时,表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式;如果这些集合名词指其中的每个成员,表示复数意义,谓语动词则用复数形式。即谓语动词的单复数要与主语的含义相一致。如: My class is a big one, including thirty boys and thirty girls.My class are working hard for the coming exam.2.有些集合名词作主语时,谓语只能用复数形式,如:people, the police, the military, mankind, cattle等。如:
The police are searching for the lost child.二、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致。
不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
Everything goes well with me.Each of the students in our class has an English-Chinese dictionary.三、“名词+名词”作主语时的主谓一致。
当表示同一人物或观点时,谓语动词用单数。如:A novelist and playwright is coming to our school.这里表示“一位小说家兼剧作家”,是同一个人,所以谓语动词用单数。
如果是A novelist and a playwright作主语,这时表示“一位小说家和一位剧作家”,是两个人,所以谓语动词用复数,该句应改为:A novelist and a playwright are coming to our school.四、The + adj.作主语时的主谓一致。
当The + adj.表示抽象的含义时,谓语动词用单数。如:The beautiful is the true.当The + adj.表示该类全体的含义时,谓语动词用复数。如:The rich should help the poor.Unit 1词组归纳
1.in pairs 成对
2.give reasons for 给…理由
3.improve prison conditions改善监狱的条件
4.the Nobel Peace Prize诺贝尔和平奖 5.one of the top leaders高级领导人之一
6.concern oneself with 让自己关注(be concerned about对…担心)7.welfare projects福利项目
8.China Welfare Institute中国福利协会 9.show the conncetion between …and…显示出…和…之间的联系 10.fight for为…而战
11.put…to death将…处死 12.a specialist in women’s illnesses妇科疾病的专家 13.devote all her life to将自己的一生献给… 致力于…
14.rather than而不是
15.behave like humans像人类的举止 16.the night before前一天晚上
17.wonder off离开
18.make it all worthwhile使…值得
19.come into one’s arms回到…的怀抱 20.fully understand完全理解 21.observe and record their daily activities观察记录他们的日常活动
22.be determined to下定决心…
23.communicate…with与…交流 24.work out their social system勾勒出他们的社会体系 25.the rest of the world世界上的其他人
26.argue for…为…辩护
argue against…反对…
argue with sb.与…争论 27.come crowding in纷塌而至
28.achieve everything做成了所有的事 29.gain a doctor’s degree获得了博士学位
30.cheer the achievements of women为妇女的成就喝彩
31.support a family支撑一个家庭
32.get upset感到不安 33.be of great importance很重要
34.look down upon 看不起 35.do some research 做研究
36.catch one’s eye吸引… 37.cut the death rate降低死亡率
38.care for照顾、喜欢
39.follow some simple rules遵循一些简单的规则
40.be intended for为…准备 41.get a medical training获得医学培训
42.be placed second to放在…之后 43.further reading进一步的阅读
44.as well as和,还有/ 和…一样 45.story after story 一个故事接着一个故事
46.deliver a baby接生 47.make sure确保,确信
48.carry on继续
49.fill in the forms填表
50.the university entrance exam大学入学考试