山东省宁津县育新中学中考应用文体

第一篇：山东省宁津县育新中学中考应用文体

作文指导复习

今年中考写作侧重实用，可能会涉及应用文体。现把中考容易出现的应用文体简介如下，希望同学们认真保存。

1．书信

一般书信（包括请柬）包括五个部分：（1）称呼。信纸第一行顶格写，后面加冒号。（2）正文。第二行空两格写起，转行顶格。可有若干段落。（3）结尾。正文写完，如果正文最后一行空格比较多，可以接着写“此致”、“祝”等词语，否则，另起一行空两格或四格写“此致”、“祝”等词语。然后另起一行顶格写“敬礼”、“进步”等祝颂语。（4）署名。一般写在祝颂词下行的后半行。（5）日期。写在署名下一行，靠右边写上年月日。

请柬除具有书信的特点外，还要特别写明出席的具体时间、地点。用语要客气有礼貌。另外，还要注意信封的写法。要写清收信方的邮政编码和详细地址。收信人的姓名、称呼位置居中。称呼是邮递员对收信人的称呼，不宜写“父母大人”、“姐姐”等称呼。发信人的详细地址及邮编要写清楚。如果是挂号信，还要写清发信人姓名。

2．启事

启事的写法是：第一行正中写启事的名称，如“征文启事”。第二行空两格起，写启事内容。末尾右下方分两行写署名、日期。启事的有些内容要十分具体明确，如地址、时间、联系办法等。有些内容就不应写得具体明确，如“失物招领”中有关失物的详情，以防冒领。

3．通知

通知的一般格式是：第一行居中写“通知”二字。第二行顶格写被通知方的名称，加冒号（如果正文已明确了通知的对象，被通知方的名称也可略去）。下行空两格起写正文，如果正文内容较多，可分条写，以便读者把握内容要点。署名和日期分两行写在正文的右下方。

4．申请书

写申请书的目的是通过向上级或有关主管部门提出自己明确而具体的某种要求并申明理由，以期得到批准。申请书的一般格式是：（1）标题括事由和文件名称，如“入团申请书”。（2）正文包括申请原因（含申请者有关方面的基本状况）、事项、理由和要求。（3）结尾署明申请者和日期。写申请书，事项要明确，态度要积极，言辞要恳切，理由要充分。

5、计划 现代社会，工作和学习都要讲求效率，有计划才能保证高效率。写计划，要求做到明确、具体、简要。计划一般包括三个部分：①标题，即计划的名称。②内容，即计划的正文，是主要部分，可以分三项来写：前言，概括说明为什么要订这个计划；目的任务，写计划要达到的目标和要求，这一项内容要写得明确；具体措施，一般是分条写几项具体做法，便于实行，也便于检查落实情况。③计划制订者（单位或个人）和日期，这是最后的署名。

6、总结

总结，按内容宽窄分有综合总结、专题总结；按写总结者分有部门总结、单位总结、个人总结等；按性质分有工作总结、学习总结、生产总结等。总结一般包括四个部分：①基本情况；②成绩和缺点；③经验和教训；④存在的问题和改进措施。

7.讲演稿

写讲演稿和写议论文相近，议论文里的论点、论据、论证方法、立论、驳论等知识和要求，都可以用到讲演里面。一篇讲演稿要有一个中心，而且观点要鲜明，举例要典型，这样才能在听众中留下深刻的印象，会引起强烈的反响。讲演稿的结构要清晰、完整，使听众容易听明白。在表达上要注意感情色彩，把说理和抒情结合起来，做到以理服人，以情感人。讲演稿的语言要生动，把抽象的道理形象化，把概括的东西具体化，可以适当运用警句、谚语、成语等，也可以根据情景恰当地运用幽默的语言。有的讲演还受时间限制，必须在规定 1 的时间内讲完，因此讲演稿的长短要与规定的讲演时间相适应。

13、倡议书

倡议书由标题、称呼、正文、结束语、署名、日期几部分组成。正文包括以下内容：①提出倡议的背景和目的；②倡议的内容和事项；③倡议者的决心和希望。

14、建议书

建议书是个人或单位向上级或有关机关团体提出意见、有所建议时使用的一种文书。建议书没有号召群众去从事某一活动的意思，这是它与倡议书的异点。建议书一般包括五个部分：①标题；②顶格写明送交建议书的机关、单位名称或个人姓名（即向谁提建议）；③正文。写明建议的原因、建议的具体事项、建议者的愿望。④落款。署上建议者的姓名或单位名称。⑤时间，写明年月日。

15、祝贺信

写祝贺信要注意：①要清楚祝贺者和被祝贺者的关系；②要紧紧扣住一个中心写，祝贺什么，为什么表示祝贺，也可以写出自己的想法、态度和意见；③要出于真情实感；④语言简洁扼要，通俗流畅，不刻意雕饰。

16、表扬信

写表扬信要把表扬的事实（时间、地点、事情的经过和结果）写出来，内容要具体，但一定要实事求是。还要简略分析一下被表扬人的精神和品质，以便激励自己教育别人。

17、感谢信

写感谢信要把感谢的事实叙述清楚，对方在什么时间、什么地点，由于什么原因、做了什么好事，对自己或单位有什么支持和帮助，事情有什么好的结果和影响，并把感谢的心情、学习的态度和决心表达出来。语言要朴素、感情要真挚，切忌泛泛而谈、虚情假意。

参考写作题：

1.请将下面这首诗改写成一封致友人的信。

关于谣言 苏叔阳

不要，不要计较 别人怎样议论你。因为谣言像影子 总是追逐成绩。

除非你步入浓黑的暗夜，那就和影子拥抱在一起； 让太阳挂在你的头顶吧，谣言就萎缩在你的脚底！

2.（2012年四川宜宾作文题）面对成长的烦恼或欣喜，面对环境的日渐破坏和恶化，面对战争的频繁发生和世界局势的动荡不安，面对„„你肯定有许多思考想要倾诉。

请以“致____的一封信”为题目写一篇文章，抒发真情实感。要求：（１）将题目补充完整；（２）注意书信格式。

3.（2009年浙江宁波）书信是人们交流思想的工具，表达方式较为灵活，可以记述见闻，诉说真情，评论时事，探讨问题，说明原委。请以“致××的信”为副标题写一封不少于500字的信，自主立意，自拟正标题。

4.（2010年浙江嘉兴中考作文题）书信是我们交流思想、表达情感最常见的方式。《与朱元 2

思书》描绘了一幅充满生机的大自然画卷；《就英法联军火烧圆明园致巴特勒上尉的一封信》愤怒地谴责了侵略者的罪行；《傅雷家书》传递着动人的舐犊之情；《致女儿的一封信》则用充满诗意的故事阐释了生命的真谛„„请你选择一个渴望交流的对象，以写信的方式追忆往事、传递情感、关注现实、畅想未来，展开心灵对话吧！

请以“写给__________”为题，写一篇文章。

要求：（1）请选择下列五个词语中的一个，填入标题横线处，使之完整；

自己 班主任 温总理 蚂蚁 未来

（2）字数不少于600；

（3）文中不得出现真实的人名、地名、校名。

拟题：

1.面临即将开始的高中生活，你一定充满了向往。高中有各类各样的学生团体，如学生会、球迷协会、文学社团等。请选一个你感兴趣的社团，写一则申请书。

2.或许在将来的某一天，当你推开教室门，看到的不再是嬉戏的好友，聊天或睡觉玩手机的那些兄弟姐妹，那些你喜欢或者讨厌的老师们，而是一间空旷的，毫无生机的放满桌椅却落满尘埃的教室。桌子还在原位，黑板上还有一道未来得及算出的数学题，还有那已经是零的大大的倒计时，窗帘还是熟悉的颜色，可是那些记忆里永远不会忘记的身影，已经消失不见了„„

即将告别学习生活了三年的学校，回首往事，你对学校的一草一木，一桌一椅是否充满感情？学校的老师、同学是否有让你倾诉的愿望？是否想给初

一、初二的学弟学妹提一些建议？请写一封信给他（她或它），表达你的情感。

第二篇：山东省宁津县育新中学七年级英语下册 Module4-6达标练习三

Module4-6达标练习三

一单项选择。

()1.—________ meat do we need to buy?

—Three ________.A.How much;kiloB.How many;kilo

C.How much;kilosD.How many;kilos

()2.This blue down coat(羽绒服)looks nice.I want to ________.A.try up itB.try on itC.try it upD.try it on

()3.—________?

—I’d like to buy some chicken.A.How about going to the cinemaB.What are you doing now

C.What will you do at homeD.What can I do for you()4.—_______ is the building?

—About fifty metres.A.How long B.How muchC.How old D.How high

()5.—What is that _______ the street?

—I think that’s a clothes shop.A.in the end B.in the end of

C.at the end D.at the end of()6.—Thank you for helping me.—_______A.See you.B.Have a nice day.C.You are welcome.D.That’s very kind of you.二．词汇运用

A.根据句意及汉语提示完成句子。每空限填一词。

31.My favourite fruit is the ________(柠檬).32.Do you know the ________(价钱)of the strawberry?

33.We will ________(比较)these two reports(报告)carefully.34.My mother enjoys going to the ________(市场).35.You can see flowers ________(在任何地方)in the city.B.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。36.How many ________(church)are there in your city?

37.Mount Heng is ________(low)than Mount Hua.38.I think Green City is bigger and ________(busy)than Sun City.39.Can I ask you some ________(question)?40.There are no ________(island)near the hill.

第三篇：山东省宁津县育新中学七年级英语下册 Module4-6达标练习四

Module4-6达标练习四

一单项选择(10分)

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个能填入句中空白处的最佳答案。

()1.—Is there _______ bookshop near here?

—Yes.This is Xinghua Jie.Go along _______ street and turn left.You can see it then.A.a;a B.a;theC.the;a D.the;the

()2.—Could you tell me _______ to get to Bright Bank?

—Take the second turning on the right.It’s near there.A.whatB.whenC.how D.why()3.The moon is now _______ the trees in the east.A.onB.inC.under D.above

()4.Why not _______ a taxi to the zoo? It can save us a lot of time.A.taking B.to takeC.takesD.take()5.You can _______ the bus at Xinhua Stop.Your destination(目的地)is not far from it.A.get on B.get toC.get offD.get up()6.From the tower, you can see _______ of London _______ a nice day.A.most;in B.many;inC.most;onD.many;on()7._______ you walk along the street, the ice cream shop will be on your right.A.Before B.AsC.After D.Because二根据首字母及汉语提示完成句子。每空限填一词。31.I often start doing my homework at 8:00 pm and f________(结束)it at 10:00 pm.32.C________(穿过)the street and you can see a tall building.33.My father takes the u________(地铁)to work every day.34.You can enjoy many beautiful p________(油画)in the gallery(美术馆).35.The r________(铁路)station is not far from the museum.

第四篇：2018年山东省临沂市中考英语模拟预测新题型一：词形转换和动词应用

临沂市初三英语

每日一练

（一）五、词形转换

61.December is the____（twelve）month of a year.62.We are going to make a model plane by_____（we）

63.The exam is very important to us，so we must take it____(serious）64.When we walk _____（cross）the road，we should follow the traffic rules.65.He is the_____（fun）person that I have met.66.Do you have anything _____（value）in your leg.67.Edison had more than one thousand _______（invent）during his lifetime.68.My neighbour Helen never talks to us.She is so______（friendly）.六、动词应用

“I’m go 69____(shop)in the village, ”George’s mother said to George on Saturday morning.“So be a good boy and don’t get into trouble.And don’t forget 70_______(take)good care of Grandma.”Then out she went.Grandma71._______（sleep）in the chair by the window when she opened one little eye and 72_____(say), “Now you heard what your mother said, George.” “Yes, Grandma,” George said.George was bored to tears.He didn’t have a brother or a sister.His father was a farmer, and the farm they lived on was miles away from anywhere, So there were never any children to play with.He was tired of staring at hundreds of pigs , hens, cows and sheep.He was especially tired of having to live in the house with his grandma.73.______（look）after her all by himself was hardly the most exciting way to spend a Saturday morning.“Go and make me a cup of tea for a start, with sugar and milk.” Grandma said.Most grandmothers are lovely , kind, helpful old ladies, but not this one.George’s grandma was a woman who was always complaining about something or other.She spent all day74____（sit）on her chair by the window.George was told that Grandma used to be a gentle lady, but as she grew older, she was not able to look after herself and even worse, she was easy to get angry.“We should be nice to the old, George,” His mother always told him.75______（think）of this, George went into the kitchen and made Grandma a cup of tea with a teabag.He put one spoon of sugar and some milk in it.He stirred the tea well and carried it into the living room carefully.

（二）五、词形转换

61.Bill wants to invite some friends to his______（nine）birthday party.62.She was so tired that she fell ______（sleep）in class 63.He lost his money and_____（luck）his friends helped him find it.64.What a_____（sun）day！

65.It’s______（danger）to play with animals.66.Linda and his friends enjoy_____（they）on the Great Wall yesterday.67.Xijin Ferry is one of new_______（couple）favourite places to take their wedding photos.68.Nancy wants to become a______（translate）when she grows up.六、动词运用

“We're going to move,” Jimmy said to Mr.James her teacher, with tears(眼泪)in her eyes.“Dad _______69.(lose)his job and now we don't have enough money to live in our house.” Pam ______70.(live)by and just heard Jimmy's talk with Mr.James.In the lunchroom Pam _____71.(meet)Carol and said, “I've got something to tell you about Jimmy.” As she started to tell Carol about Jimmy's dad, several other classmates stopped to listen Pam felt bad telling what she had heard but she went on anyway.After school, Pam saw some of her classmate______72(talk)to Jimmy.“Where does your dad work?” one of the boys asked.Jimmy's face turned red.She left without _____73（answer）.Pam felt terrible, because she didn't mean to hurt Jimmy.And she hadn't thought that some of the classmates would make jokes and ______74.(laugh)at Jimmy about her father's losing the job.Pom didn't know what she could do ____75(help)Jimmy.（三）五．词形转换

61.The little girl looked at_________（she）in the mirror and smiled.62.Please save your food.There are many______(child)in hunger in the world,you know.63.Monday is the______(two)day of the week.64.Sandy came first in the race。She ran the _____(fast)of all.65.Talk about the film or song with your friends,and guess the_______（mean）of the new words.66.Lily writes as____（careful）as Lucy does.67.I live near the station.It’s only about five______（minute）walk.68.David is good at drawing and he’s going to be an______（art）when he grows up.六．语法填空

In the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport.This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup.The World Cup 69._____（hold）every four years.To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends 70__________（draw）a big picture71 _____（call）“Dream(梦幻)World Cups ”in Japan.The children were drawing animals, flowers and people 72_______（play）soccer under a bule bright sky.They wished each football team good luck by 73_____（draw）the flags(旗帜)of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea.The picture 74_____（put）up in a park near a playground in Yokohama.Some football teams will have games there.Are you a football fan(迷)?The World Cup makes more and more people interested in football Teenagers(青少年)like playing and watching football.Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms.That is the way 75_______（show）their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.（四）

五、词形转换

61.How I wish I had a pair of_______（wing）so that I could fly in the sky.62.Lots of people in this town became ______（home）after the earthquake.63.It will provide you with plenty of energy for life_____（active）.64.It’s not as_____（easier）as you think.65.Who was the_____（win）of the English speaking contest last week.66.On ______（father）Day，I often prepare a special gift for my father.67.Our beautiful classroom ______（clean）every day.68.His illness is even_____（bad）than I thought it would be.六、动词运用

Mr Smith 69._____(leave)his car outside his house one night as usual.But when he came out the next morning，he found his car70 ______（be not）there.He called the police to tell them about it，and they71 ____（say）they would try72 _____(find)it.When Mr Smith came home from his office that evening，the car was back again in its usual place in front of his house.He looked it over carefully and 73_____（find）it OK.But there were two tickets on one of the seats with a letter.It said，“We're sorry we used your car.Thank you very much.The tickets are for you.We hope you74_____(enjoy)yourselves.”

The Smiths went to the cinema with the tickets at night.When they got home，they found nearly everything in the house75 _____(go).

第五篇：中考数学 一元一次方程和应用复习教案 新人教版

一元一次方程的应用

教学分析

重点：寻找和、差、倍、分问题的量与量之间的相等关系，列出一元一次方程。难点：寻找和、差、倍、分问题的相等关系。突破：从已知量和未知量之间的关系中找到相等关系。教学过程

一、复习

1、什么是等式？什么叫方程？一元一次方程的标准形式是什么？

2、什么是代数式？

3、列代数式：

（1）x的0.15，（2）比x多0.15，（3）比x的2倍小1。

二、新授

1、导课

在这一单元，我们将进一步学习设未知数列出方程来解应用题，我们将逐渐体会到，用代数方法解应用题，要比算术方法在列式上容易得多，而且可以解出用算术方法不易解出的或无法解出的实际问题。例1（课本P212）

某面粉仓库存放的面粉运出15%后，还剩下42500千克，这个仓库原来有多少面粉？ 分析：已知运出面粉为原来面粉的15%，剩余面粉42500千克，未知原来有面粉重量与运出面粉重量。相等关系是：

原来有面粉重量运出面粉重量＝剩余面粉重量

设原来有面粉x千克，则运出面粉重量为15%x千克，这样左右两边都列出了代数式，放入相等关系中，即可得出方程：

x－15%x＝42500 完成求解过程，作出答案，强调4个注意点。解：略

三、练习P216习题：1，2。

四、小结

1、列方程解应用题应分析题中的数量关系，找出一个相等关系。

2、列方程解应用题比算术方法在列式上容易得多。

五、作业

1、P221 4.4A：1，2，3，4，5。

2、基础训练：同步练习1。