微观经济学小组演讲稿(中英文最终稿)（优秀范文5篇）

第一篇：微观经济学小组演讲稿(中英文最终稿)

{第0页PPT（也就是封面} Market Efficiency and Government Intervention 自由市场主义和政府干预保护主义

一：开题举例

Starting with example

{第一页PPT}  美国自2002年开始对中国礼品盒征收5%反倾销税， United States imposed 5% Anti-dumping dutyon gift boxes from China in 2002. 美国2011年10月15日对中国光伏产业征收250%的反倾销税  United States imposed 250% Anti-dumping duty on China PV industry on October 15,2011. 美国2009年10月24日对中国油井管征收10%~15%的反补贴税  United States imposed 10%~15% Anti-subsidy duty on Chinese oil well pipes on October 24,2009. 美国2009年11月7日对中国紧固零件征收2%的反补贴税  United States imposed2% levy anti-subsidyduty on China's fastener on November 7, 2009。

{第二页PPT} 二：自由市场主义和贸易保护主义

free markets and trade protectionism  【一】自由市场主义学派the free market school

{第三页PPT}  一：理论论证Theory of argumentation ① 经济全球化有效地利用世界各地的资源，使得整体国际贸易达到平衡点。为各国提供了更多的发展机会Economic globalization let us effective useresources around the world, it makes the wholeinternational trade equilibrium achieved.Provide more development opportunities for States

{第四页PPT} ② 极大地丰富和方便了人们的日常生活。Greatly enriched and facilitated people's everyday lives.③ 经济全球化使一些国家变得更具有竞争力、创造力和创新精神，从而使国家能富裕起来Economic globalization, some countries become more competitive and creative , so as to enable the country to get rich

{第五页PPT}  二：案例佐证case support 

 《美国第201号钢铁案》United States No.201 Steel Raw 2002年3月，美国以欧盟、日本等8国出口的钢铁产品损害了美国钢铁业为由，动用“201条款”，宣布对多种钢材加征为期3年的进口税，税率总水平达30%。为报复美国提高进口钢材关税，6月，欧盟对美国部分商品征收100%的关税，墨西哥、日本、韩国等也纷纷提高关税或采取紧急保障措施。、据估计，欧盟2002年就损失高达2.4亿美元。而美国在承受近数亿元损失的同时，更导致了7.4万个钢铁消费者失业，事实证明，贸易保护主义弊大于利。United States’s “ No.201 steel raw ” announced on a variety of steel products which imposed for a period of 3 Year import tax at 30% rates to the European Union, Japan and other 8 kinds of steel products。In retaliation for United States raise steel imports tariffs, in July, European impose Union United States goods fortariff at 100% rate, Mexico, and Japan, and Korea have also increased tariffs or take emergency safeguard measures., And it is estimated that the Europeans economieslose of 2.4 billion dollarsjust in 2002.United States also lose of hundreds of millions of dollars at the same time, more led to a 7.4 million unemployment.{第六页ppt} 【二】贸易保护主义（政府干预）trade protectionism

(Governmentintervention) 一：理论论证：Theory of argumentation: ①保护本国民族产业，保护国家安全，增加国民收益to protect their national industries, protecting national security, and increased national income ②政府干预可以防止强者更强弱者更弱，不发达国家有权利行使自己的国家主权Government intervention can prevent the strong one become stronger and the weak onebecome weaker, developed countries have the right to exercise their national sovereignty。

④ 调整国际收支、纠正贸易逆差Adjustment of the balance of import and export, to correct trade deficit ⑤ 绿色堡垒可以保护本国生态环境Green fortress will protect its ecological environment

{第七页ppt}  二：案例佐证case support 中国现阶段的基本国情是，人口多，底子薄，生产力水平低，经济发展存在着地区和产业方面的不平衡。改革开放三十多年来经济快速发展，但科技水平和科技转换能力与发达国家相比差距还很大，在这种情况下，如果实行自由贸易政策，无条件地全面地开放市场，让发达国家的商品占领我国市场，对消费者来说暂时可以得“物美价廉”的商品，但从长远看必然会冲击中国的民族工业。，面对激烈的市场竞争，各国包括发达国家在内都在一定时期和一定范围内采取程度不同的贸易保护，中国作为发展中国家更有充分理由实行适度的保护贸易政策。China's basic national conditions at this stage is, huge population, a weak, low levels of productivity.For more than 30 years of economic reform make a rapid development, but technology and the transformation of science and technology capacity gap is still very large in comparison with the developed countries, in this case, if the free trade policy, unconditionally and comprehensively open market, commodity occupation of our markets in the developed world, consumers can temporarily “inexpensive” commodity, but in long term will impact China's national industry.In the face of fierce market competition, States, including developed country in a certain period and within the different levels of trade protection, China as a developing country, a more moderate trade protection policies on sufficient grounds.{第八页ppt}  三：联系实际：贸易保护的当代发展Nowadays: development of trade protection 新贸易保护主义最近20年才兴起的，以绿色壁垒、技术壁垒、反倾销和知识产权保护等非关税壁垒措施为主要表现形式。目的是想规避多边贸易制度的约束，通过贸易保护，达到保护本国就业，维持在国际分工和国际交换中的支配地位。它们在维护民族利益，保护资源与环境的旗帜下，行保护之目的，具有名义上的合理性，形式上的隐蔽性。一个重要的例子是最近的欧债危机，欧洲能否抛开国家利益团结在一起是度过危机的关键。(这个用中文介绍)

{第九页ppt} 三：经济界的争论 the argument in economic field 贸易保护主义从出现起就一直被人谴责，自由市场贸易一直在经济学界占主流，但是事实是受到现实政治因素的影响，贸易保护主义一直无法彻底根绝，特别是在战争时期和经济困难时期，政府受到压力被迫实行贸易保护主义保护本国经济。尤其是最近2008年的经济危机，导致沉寂了30年的贸易保护主义重新抬头，而自由主义和保护主义的争论持续了几百年。Trade protectionism always been condemned in history, free trade is the economics mainstream, but it is under the influence of political factors, trade protectionism has been unable to completely eradicate, especially in times of war and times of economic difficulty, under pressure of the Government was forced to implement trade protectionism to protect their economies.

第二篇：致辞 中英文稿

“纳尔逊•曼德拉国际日”致辞

Message from Ms Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO, on the Occasion of Mandela International Day

教科文组织总干事伊琳娜·博科娃在“纳尔逊·曼德拉国际日”的致辞July 2013

2013年7月18日

On Nelson Mandela International Day, I join women and men across the world in honouring a man whose strength, vision and magnanimity changed South Africa and the course of the 20th century.值此“纳尔逊-曼德拉国际日”，我和全世界各地的人们一起向这位以自己的力量、理想和博大胸怀改变了南非和二十世纪进程的伟人致以崇高的敬意。

A UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador since 2005, Nelson Mandela once said that “education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”自2005年以来一直担任教科文组织亲善大使的曼德拉先生曾经说过：“教育是可以用来改变世界的最强有力的武器。”

The life of Nelson Mandela is an education to us all – an example of perseverance in overcoming adversity, of courage in braving the steepest challenges, of moral clarity in promoting reconciliation and peace.纳尔逊-曼德拉的一生对我们所有人都具有教育意义——他是一位不屈不饶战胜逆境的楷模，勇敢地面对最严峻的挑战，并立场鲜明地推动和解与和平。

Nelson Mandela has taught the world that the dignity of women and men is the only foundation on which to build just societies.He has shown us that peace is not an ideal, or something abstract, but a way of living, a way of interacting with others and with the world.纳尔逊-曼德拉告诫世人，维护每个人的尊严是建设公正社会的唯一基础。他还告诉世人，和平不仅仅是理想，也不是抽象的概念，和平是一种生活方式，一种与他人和世界交流与互动的方式。

On this day, let us pay tribute to Nelson Mandela by upholding and sharing the values that inspire him.In a world where all societies are transforming and every

woman and man faces rising pressures, let us all stay true to the moral compass set by Nelson Mandela.Respect, mutual understanding and reconciliation are the strongest foundations for peace and freedom.In this spirit, we must help others, we must reach across all dividing lines, and we must cherish the world we live in.This is UNESCO’s message today.今天，当我们向纳尔逊•曼德拉致敬的时候，我们要共同坚持曾激励过他的价值观。当今世界所有社会都在改革，所有人都面临着不断加重的压力，让我们所有人坚定地遵循纳尔逊•曼德拉确立的道德方向。尊重、相互理解与和解是和平与自由的最坚实基础。本着这一精神，我们需要帮助他人，我们必须跨越一切隔阂，珍爱我们共同生活的世界。这就是教科文组织今天要传递的讯息。

第三篇：2013年政府工作报告(中英文稿)

温总理2013年两会政府工作报告（双语文本+同传视频）

Source: 互联网 2013-03-05 我要投稿 论坛 Favorite

一、过去五年工作回顾

I.Review of Work in the Past Five Years

第十一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年，是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。The past five years since the First Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress were a truly extraordinary period oftime in the course of China's development.我们有效应对国际金融危机的严重冲击，保持经济平稳较快发展。

We effectively countered the severe impact of the global financial crisis and maintained steady and fast economic development.国内生产总值从26.6万亿元增加到51.9万亿元，跃升到世界第二位；

China's GDP increased from 26.6 trillion yuan to 51.9 trillion yuan, and now ranks second in the world.公共财政收入从5.1万亿元增加到11.7万亿元；

Government revenue went up from 5.1 trillion yuan to 11.7 trillion yuan.累计新增城镇就业5870万人，A total of 58.7 million urban jobs were created.城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别增长8.8%、9.9%；

The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by an annual average of 8.8%, and the per capita net income of rural residents rose by 9.9%.粮食产量实现“九连增”；

Grain output increased for the ninth consecutive year in 2012.重要领域改革取得新进展，开放型经济达到新水平；

Progress was made in key areas of reform;and the open economy reached a new stage of development.创新型国家建设取得新成就，载人航天、探月工程、载人深潜、北斗卫星导航系统、超级计算机、高速铁路等实现重大突破，第一艘航母“辽宁舰”入列；

We made China more innovative.Breakthroughs were made in developing manned spaceflight and the lunar exploration program, building a manned deep-sea submersible, launching the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, developing supercomputers and building high-speed railways.China's first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, was commissioned.成功举办北京奥运会、残奥会和上海世博会；

We successfully hosted the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and the XIII Paralympic Games in Beijing and the World Expo in Shanghai.夺取抗击汶川特大地震、玉树强烈地震、舟曲特大山洪泥石流等严重自然灾害和灾后恢复重建重大胜利。

We successfully mitigated the impact of the massive Wenchuan earthquake, the strong Yushu earthquake, the huge Zhugqu mudslide and other natural disasters and carried out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.我国社会生产力和综合国力显著提高，人民生活水平和社会保障水平显著提高，国际地位和国际影响力显著提高。

China's productive forces and overall national strength, its living standards and social security, and its international status and influence all improved significantly.我们圆满完成“十一五”规划，顺利实施“十二五”规划。

We successfully completed the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and got off to a good start in implementing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设取得重大进展，谱写了中国特色社会主义事业新篇章。

We made significant socialist economic, political, cnltural, social, and ecological progress, and wrote a new chapter in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.五年来的主要工作及特点：

The following are the main work we accomplished over the past five years and its main features:

一是有效应对国际金融危机，促进经济平稳较快发展。

I.Effectively responding to the globalfinancial crisis and promoting steady and rapid economic development

过去五年，我们是在持续应对国际金融危机严重冲击中走过来的。这场危机来势之猛、扩散之快、影响之深，百年罕见。

In the past five years, we averted the grievous consequences of the global financial crisis, whose abruptness, rapid spread and profound impact were rarely seen in the past century.我们沉着应对，及时果断调整宏观调控着力点，出台进一步扩大内需、促进经济平稳较快增长的十项措施，全面实施一揽子计划。

We responded to the crisis calmly, made timely and decisive adjustments to the focus of macro-control, adopted ten measures to increase domestic demand and promote steady and rapid economic growth, and implemented a comprehensive package plan.两年新增4万亿元投资，其中中央财政投资1.26万亿元，主要用于保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、基础设施、社会事业、生态环保、自主创新等方面建设和灾后恢复重建。In a two-year period, an additional four trillion yuan of government investment was made, with 1.26 trillion yuan from the central government, mainly for building government-subsidized housing, improving rural people's well-being, building infrastructure, developing social programs, improving the environment, promoting innovation, and carrying out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.五年来：

Over the past five years:

新建各类保障性住房1800多万套，棚户区改造住房1200多万套；

More than 18 million government-subsidized housing units of various types were built, and over 12 million housing units in run-down areas were upgraded.完成大中型和重点小型水库除险加固1.8万座，治理重点中小河流2.45万公里，新增节水灌溉面积770万公顷；

A total of 18,000 large and medium-sized and key small reservoirs were reinforced, 24,500 kilometers of key small and medium-length rivers were harnessed, and water-saving irrigated farmland was increased by 7.7 million hectares.新增铁路里程1.97万公里，其中高速铁路8951公里，A total of 19,700 kilometers of new rail lines were built, 8,951 kilometers of which are high-speed railways.京沪、京广、哈大等高铁和一批城际铁路相继投入运营；

The high-speed Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou and Harbin-Dalian railways and a number of intercity railways were opened to traffic.新增公路60.9万公里，其中高速公路4.2万公里，高速公路总里程达9.56万公里； A total of 609,000 kilometers of new roads were built, 42,000 kilometers of which are expressways, increasing the total length of expressways in service to 95,600 kilometers.新建机场31个；新增万吨级港口泊位602个；

Thirty-one airports and 602 shipping berths for 10,000-ton ships were built.一批跨江跨海大桥、连岛工程相继建成；

A number of bridges over rivers and bays and linking islands with other islands and the mainland were completed.西气东输、西电东送、南水北调等重大工程顺利推进或建成；

Smooth progress was made in major projects such as those for transporting natural gas and electricity from the west to the east and diverting water from the south to the north, and some of the projects have been completed.非化石能源快速发展，水电、风电装机位居世界第一；

Non-fossil energy production developed rapidly, and China now ranks first in the world in the installed capacity of both hydropower and wind power.重建后的汶川、玉树、舟曲等灾区发生了翻天覆地的变化。

Reconstruction of the Wenchuan, Yushu and Zhugqu disaster areas transformed them completely.这些举世瞩目的成就，对我们有效应对国际金融危机严重冲击发挥了至关重要的作用，为经济社会长远发展打下了坚实基础，已经并将继续造福亿万人民。

These impressive achievements played a vital role in our effective response to the severe impact of the global financial crisis, and laid a solid foundation for sustaining China's economic and social development.They have benefited and will continue to benefit hundreds of millions ofpeople.我们始终注重处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，增强宏观政策的前瞻性、科学性、有效性，注意把握好政策的取向、力度和重点。

We always strove to maintain a balance between ensuring steady and rapid economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations.We made government macro policies more forward-looking, scientific and effective and implemented them with proper orientation, force and focus.在国际金融危机冲击最严重时，果断实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，综合运用多种财政政策工具，增加政府支出，实行结构性减税；有效运用存款准备金率、利率等货币政策工具，保持货币信贷合理增长。When the impact of the global financial crisis was at its worst, we resolutely implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, employed a full range of financial policy tools, increased government spending and made structural tax reductions.We effectively employed monetary policy instruments such as adjusting required reserve ratios and interest rates to maintain proper growth in the money and credit supply.根据宏观经济走势的变化，我们及时调整政策力度，适时退出刺激政策，实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。

In response to changing macroeconomic trends, we promptly adjusted the intensity of policy implementation, reduced the force of stimulus policies at an appropriate time, and implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.在财政政策运用上，坚持统筹兼顾，注重综合平衡。

We took a holistic and balanced approach in employing fiscal policy.财政赤字占国内生产总值的比重从2009年的2.8%降到去年的1.5%左右，赤字率和债务负担率保持在安全水平。加强地方政府性债务全面审计和地方政府融资平台管理，有效控制经济运行中的风险隐患。

As a result, the government deficit dropped from 2.8% of GDP in 2009 to about 1.5% last year, and both deficit-to-GDP and debt-to-GDP ratios remained at a safe level.We strengthened comprehensive auditing of local governments' debt and management of their financing platforms, thus effectively controlling latent economic risks.在货币政策运用上，始终注意把握稳增长、控物价和防风险之间的平衡。

In employing monetary policy, we maintained a balance between ensuring steady growth, maintaining price stability and warding off risks.金融体系运行稳健，银行业风险抵御能力持续增强，资本充足率从2007年底的8.4%提升到去年底的13.3%，不良贷款率由6.1%下降到0.95%，一直保持在较低水平。

The financial system functioned soundly.The banking sector became better able to avert risks.Its capital adequacy rate increased from 8.4% at the end of 2007 to 13.3% by the end of last year, and its non-performing loans were kept at a low level, dropping from 6.1% to 0.95%.坚持搞好房地产市场调控不动摇，遏制了房价过快上涨势头。We kept a firm grip on the real estate market and kept housing prices from rising too quickly.2012年，在世界各大经济体增长全面减速、各种风险不断暴露的情况下，我们合理把握政策力度，保持财政预算支出规模不变，优化支出结构，扭转经济下滑趋势，全面实现年初确定的主要目标，In 2012, when other major economies in the world were experiencing a slowdown in growth and constantly encountered new risks, we maintained a proper intensity in policy implementation, kept budgetary spending unchanged, improved the spending mix, and reversed the decline in economic growth.国内生产总值增长7.8%，城镇新增就业1266万人，居民消费价格涨幅回落到2.6%，为今年经济发展打下好的基础。

As a result, we attained all the main targets set at the beginning of the year: GDP grew by 7.8%, 12.66 million urban jobs were created, and the rise in the CPI fell to 2.6%.All this laid a good foundation for China's economic development this year.这五年：

Over the past five years:

我国宏观经济总体上保持增速平稳较快、China's economy as a whole maintained steady and rapid growth.物价相对稳定、Prices remained fairly stable.就业持续增加、Employment steadily increased.国际收支趋于平衡的良好态势，The balance ofpayments moved toward equilibrium.国内生产总值年均增长9.3%，显著高于同期全球和新兴经济体的增速，GDP grew at an average annual rate of 9.3%, considerably higher than the average global rate and the average rate of other emerging economies for the same period.通货膨胀率远低于其他新兴经济体。

China's inflation rate was also much lower than that of other emerging economies.我国经济稳定，充满活力。

The Chinese economy is stable and full of vitality.回首这五年，面对国际经济形势复杂多变、持续低迷的严峻挑战，中央科学判断、果断决策，有效避免了我国现代化进程因巨大的外部冲击而出现大的波折，实践证明这些决策部署是完全正确的。

In the last five years, faced with severe challenges posed by a complex and volatile international economic environment and a sluggish global economy, the central leadership, on the basis of a scientific judgment of the situation, made resolute decisions that steered China's modernization drive clear of major pitfalls created by huge external shocks.Experience fully proves these decisions and implementing steps were entirely correct.二是加快经济结构调整，提高经济发展的质量和效益。

2.Accelerating adjustment ofthe economic structure and improving the quality and performance ofeconomic development

坚持实施扩大内需战略，内需对经济增长的贡献率明显提高，经常项目顺差占国内生产总值的比重从10.1%下降到2.6%。

We adhered to the strategy of expanding domestic demand.As a result, the contribution of domestic demand to economic growth increased significantly, and the share of current account surplus in the GDP dropped from 10.1% to 2.6%.居民消费结构加快升级。

The upgrading in the mix of private consumption accelerated.2012年底，城镇和农村人均住房面积32.9平方米、37.1平方米，分别比2007年增加2.8平方米和5.5平方米；

At the end of 2012, the per capita living area of urban and rural residents was 32.9 square meters and 37,1 square meters respectively, an increase of 2.8 and 5.5 over 2007.城镇居民每百户拥有家用汽车21.5辆，比2007年增加15.5辆；

Car ownership stood at 21.5 cars per 100 urban households, an increase of 15.5 over 2007.旅游、文化消费大幅增加。

Travel-and entertainment-related spending has risen substantially.坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，大力推进产业转型升级。

We adhered to the new path of industrialization with distinctive Chinese features and promoted transformation and upgrading of industrial sectors.我国制造业规模跃居全球首位，高技术制造业增加值年均增长13.4%，成为国民经济重要先导性、支柱性产业；

China's manufacturing industry became the largest in the world.With added-value growing at an average annual rate of 13.4% during the past five years, high-tech manufacturing has become a leading pillar of the economy.清洁能源、节能环保、新一代信息技术、生物医药、高端装备制造等一批战略性新兴产业快速发展。

Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly, including clean energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, next-generation information and communication technology, biomedicines, and high-end equipment manufacturing.产品质量整体水平不断提高。

The overall quality of manufactured goods steadily improved.服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重提高2.7个百分点，成为吸纳就业最多的产业。The share of value-added of the service sector in the GDP increased by 2.7 percentage points, and it now creates more jobs than any other sector.扎实推进节能减排和生态环境保护。五年累计，共淘汰落后炼铁产能1.17亿吨、炼钢产能7800万吨、水泥产能7.75亿吨；

We made steady progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the environment.Over the past five years, the following backward production facilities were closed: Iron works with a total output capacity of 117 million tons.Steel mills with a capacity of 78 million tons.Cement plants with a capacity of 775 million tons.新增城市污水日处理能力4600万吨；单位国内生产总值能耗下降17.2%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放总量分别下降15.7%和17.5%。修订环境空气质量标准，增加细颗粒物PM2.5等监测指标。

Moreover, in the past five years: Daily urban sewage treatment capacity increased by 46 million tons.Energy consumption per unit ofGDP fell by 17.2%.Total chemical oxygen demand fell by 15.7%.Total sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 17.5%.Environmental air quality standards were revised.The air quality index for monitoring fine particulate matter(PM2 s)was added.推进天然林保护、退耕还林、防沙治沙等重点生态工程建设，五年累计完成造林2953万公顷，治理沙漠化、石漠化土地1196万公顷，综合治理水土流失面积24.6万平方公里，整治国土面积18万平方公里。

Progress was made in major ecological projects to protect virgin forests, afforest marginal farmland, and prevent and control desertification.Over the past five years: Anadditional 29.53 million hectares of land were planted with trees.Desertification was halted on 11.96 million hectares of land.Soil erosion on 246,000 square kilometers of land was brought under control.A total of 180,000 square kilometers of land were improved.深入实施区域发展总体战略，颁布实施全国主体功能区规划，制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划，加快推进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展，We implemented the master strategy for regional development, promulgated and implemented the national plan for developing functional zones, formulated new 10-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans, and accelerated leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang.制定实施新十年农村扶贫开发纲要，将扶贫标准提高到2300元（2010年不变价），加强集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫攻坚。

We formulated and implemented a new ten-year program for rural poverty alleviation and development, raised the poverty line to 2,300 yuan at 2010 prices, and intensified efforts to alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties.中西部和东北地区主要发展指标增速高于全国平均水平，东部地区产业转型升级步伐加快，各具特色、良性互动的区域发展格局正在形成。

Major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average.Transformation and upgrading of the industrial sector in the eastern region accelerated, and a pattern of regional development is taking shape in which each region both has its distinctive strengths and draws on the strengths of other regions.积极稳妥推进城镇化，五年转移农村人口8463万人，城镇化率由45.9%提高到52.6%，城乡结构发生了历史性变化。

We advanced urbanization actively yet prudently.Over the past five years: A total of 84.63 million rural residents migrated to urban areas.The urbanization level rose from 45.9“10 to 52.6%, marking a historic turning point in China's urban-rural population structure.城乡、区域发展的协调性明显增强。

Development between urban and rural areas and between regions became more balanced.三是毫不放松地抓好“三农”工作，巩固和加强农业基础地位。3.Unremittingly doing our work related to agriculture, rural areas, andfarmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the position ofagriculture as the foundation of the economy

我们坚持在工业化、信息化、城镇化深入发展中同步推进农业现代化，集中力量办成了一些关系农业农村长远发展、关系农民切身利益的大事。

We carried out agricultural modernization while deepening industrialization, application of information and communication technologies(leT), and urbanization, and we pooled resources to accomplish a number of major tasks that are important to the long-term development of agriculture and rural areas and to the vital interests of farmers.加大财政投入，中央财政“三农”累计支出4.47万亿元，年均增长23.5%。

We increased central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, which totaled 4.47 trillion yuan for the past five years and rose by an average annual rate of 23.5%.建立健全种粮农民补贴制度和主产区利益补偿机制，补贴标准逐年提高，覆盖范围不断扩大，补贴资金从2007年的639亿元增加到2012年的1923亿元。

We established a sound system for subsidizing grain farmers and a sound mechanism for subsidizing major grain-producing areas, broadened the coverage of the subsidies, and raised them every year, from 63.9 billion yuan in 2007 to 192.3 billion yuan in 2012.加强农村金融服务，涉农贷款余额从2007年末的6.12万亿元增加到2012年末的17.63万亿元。

We provided more rural financial services, and the outstanding balance of bank loans to agriculture, rural areas and farmers increased from 6.12 trillion yuan at the end of 2007 to 17.63 trillion yuan at the end of 2012.实行粮食最低收购价政策，小麦、稻谷最低收购价累计提高41.7%到86.7%。

We carried out the policy of minimum grain purchase prices and raised the floor prices for wheat and rice between 41.7% and 86.7%.加强耕地保护，维护农民权益，为完善农村集体土地征收补偿制度做了大量准备工作。We intensified protection of farmland and farmers' rights and interests, and made a lot of preparations to improve the system of compensating for expropriation of rural collective land.加快推进农业科技进步和现代农业建设，加大对良种繁育、动植物疫病防控、基层农技推广的支持力度。

We made greater progress in agricultural science and technology and the development of modem agriculture, and we increased support for cultivating superior varieties and breeds, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and spreading agricultural technology in villages.大力兴修水利，开展农村土地整治，建设高标准农田，耕地面积保持在18.2亿亩以上。We built more water conservancy projects, improved rural land, developed high-grade farmland, and kept the country's total area of farmland over 121.3 million hectares.粮食综合生产能力跃上新台阶，粮食总产量连续6年稳定在万亿斤以上并逐年增加。Thanks to these efforts, China's overall grain production capacity reached a new level, and its grain output in each of the past six years increased and exceeded 500 million tons，加强农村水电路气等基础设施建设，新建改建农村公路146.5万公里，改造农村危房1033万户，解决了3亿多农村人口的饮水安全和无电区445万人的用电问题，农村生产生活条件不断改善。

We strengthened rural infrastructure such as roads and water, power and methane supply capacity.We built or upgraded 1.465 million kilometers of rural roads, renovated run-down houses for 10.33 million rural households, provided safe drinking water for an additional 300 million plus rural residents, and delivered electricity to 4.45 million people in areas without power supply.This led to steady improvement in rural productivity and quality of life.积极引导农村富余劳动力转向非农产业，农民人均纯收入持续较快增长，2010年以来城乡居民相对收入差距逐步缩小。

We encouraged surplus rural workers to find non-agricultural employment.The per capita net income of rural residents grew rapidly, and the relative income gap between urban and rural residents has progressively narrowed since 2010.深化农村综合改革。

We deepened overall rural reform.集体林权制度主体改革基本完成，全面推进农村集体土地确权颁证工作，开展农村土地承包经营权登记试点。

We basically completed the main tasks for reforming the collective forest tenure system, made comprehensive progress in determining, registering and certifying collective land ownership, and carried out trials for registering contracted rural land-use rights.农业农村发展的好形势，为应对国际金融危机和各种自然灾害严重冲击、稳定经济社会发展大局提供了重要支撑。

Sound agricultural and rural development provided important support for China to counter the severe impact of the global financial crisis and natural disasters and maintain overall stability in economic and social development.四是坚持实施科教兴国战略，增强经济社会发展的核心支撑能力。

4.Steadfastly implementing the strategy for making China strong through the development of science and education, and boosting the country’s core ability to sustain economic and social development

我们加快实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，制定实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要、国家中长期人才发展规划纲要和国家知识产权战略，We accelerated implementation of the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development;formulated and implemented the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Education Reform and Development, the National Plan for Long-and Medium-Term Development of Competent Personnel and the national strategy on intellectual property rights.推动科技、教育、文化事业全面发展，为国家长远发展奠定了坚实基础。

This gave impetus to all-around progress in science and technology, education, and culture and laid a solid foundation for ensuring China's long-term development.优先发展教育事业。国家财政性教育经费支出五年累计7.79万亿元，年均增长21.58%，2012年占国内生产总值比例达到4%。

We gave high priority to developing education.Government spending on education totaled 7.79 trillion yuan over the past five years, increasing at an average annual rate of 21.58% to reach 4% of GDP in 2012.教育资源重点向农村、边远、民族、贫困地区倾斜，教育公平取得明显进步。

We allocated educational resources, giving priority to rural, remote, poor and ethnic minority areas and made notable progress in improving fairness in education.全面实现城乡九年免费义务教育，惠及1.6亿学生。实施学前教育三年行动计划，“入园难”问题有所缓解。

We made free nine-year compulsory education universal across the country, benefiting 160 million students.A three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the shortage of preschools was eased.国家助学制度不断完善，建立了家庭经济困难学生资助体系，实现从学前教育到研究生教育各个阶段全覆盖，每年资助金额近1000亿元，资助学生近8000万人次。

We improved the system of state financial aid to students, and established a system for giving students from poor families financial aid from preschool through graduate school.We spent approximately 100 billion yuan annually for this purpose and assisted nearly 80 million students.实施中等职业教育免学费政策，覆盖范围包括所有农村学生、城市涉农专业学生和家庭经济困难学生。

We implemented the policy of tuition-free secondary vocational education for all rural students and all urban students who study agriculture-related majors or are from poor families.初步解决进城务工人员随迁子女在城市接受义务教育问题，现有1260万农村户籍孩子在城市接受义务教育。

The problem of providing compulsory education to children of rural migrants working in cities was basically solved, and 12.6 million children with rural residence status are now receiving compulsory education in cities.实施惠及3000多万农村义务教育阶段学生营养改善计划。

We implemented the plan for improving nutrition of rural students receiving compulsory education to the benefit of over 30 million students.完成中小学校舍安全工程。

We completed the project to improve the safety of primary and secondary school buildings.加快职业教育基础能力和特殊教育基础设施建设。

We sped up development of infrastructure for vocational and special education.义务教育学校实施绩效工资，在教育部直属师范大学实行师范生免费教育，加强了农村教师队伍建设。

The pay of teachers in compulsory education is now linked to their performance.Students majoring in education at teachers universities directly under the Ministry of Education were exempted from paying tuition, and the ranks of rural teachers were strengthened.全面提高教育质量和水平，高等教育毛入学率提高到30%。

The quality and level of education in China was comprehensively raised, and the gross college enrollment rate rose to 30%.国民受教育程度大幅提升，15岁以上人口平均受教育年限达到9年以上。

The education level of the people was raised significantly, and the average length of schooling of people over the age of 15 now exceeds nine years.大力推动自主创新。中央财政用于科技的投入五年累计8729亿元，年均增长超过18%。We vigorously promoted innovation.The central government spent 872.9 billion yuan to develop science and technology in the past five years, with an average annual increase of over 18%.全社会研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值的比例由2007年的1.4%提高到2012年的1.97%，企业研发活动支出占比超过74%。

China's R&D spending accounted for 1.97% of GDP in 2012, up from 1.4% in 2007, and over 74% of this spending was made by companies.出台深化科技体制改革加快国家创新体系建设的意见。

The Guidelines on Deepening Reform of the Management System for Science and Technology and Accelerating Development of a National Innovation System were adopted.深入实施国家技术创新工程和知识创新工程，扎实推进国家科技重大专项，新建一批国家工程中心、重点实验室和企业技术中心。

We carried out a national technology innovation project and a knowledge innovation project, made solid progress in implementing major national R&D projects, and set up a number of national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers.加强基础研究和前沿探索，突破一批关键核心技术，填补了多项重大产品和装备的空白。We boosted basic research and research in frontier areas, made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in gaps in many important products and equipment.深入实施人才强国战略。以高层次、高技能人才为重点，加强各类人才队伍建设，专业技术人才、高技能人才分别增加860万人和880万人，留学回国人员达到54万人。

We implemented the strategy for making China strong through training competent personnel.We trained more personnel of all types, with the focus on high-level and highly skilled personnel.As a result, the number of personnel with special expertise and highly skilled personnel increased by 8.6 million and 8.8 million respectively.A total of 540,000 overseas students returned.大力加强文化建设。覆盖城乡的公共文化设施网络体系初步建成，博物馆、图书馆、文化馆（站）全面实现免费开放。

We put greater effort into developing the cultural sector.A network of public cultural facilities covering both urban and rural areas is taking shape, and all museums, libraries and cultural centers in China are open to the public free of charge.国有经营性文化单位转企改制任务基本完成，公益性文化事业单位内部机制改革不断深化。We basically transformed state-owned for-profit cultural institutions into business enterprises, and deepened reform of internal operating mechanisms of non-profit cultural institutions.哲学社会科学、新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术等更加繁荣，文化产业快速发展。Philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, television and film, and literature and art are flourishing, and cultural industries developed rapidly.文物保护、非物质文化遗产保护和传承取得重要进展。对外文化交流更加活跃。全民健身和竞技体育取得新成绩。

We made major progress in protecting cultural relics and preserving and passing on intangible cultural heritage.Cultural exchanges with other countries increased.New progress was made in nationwide fitness activities and competitive sports.五是坚持把人民利益放在第一位，着力保障和改善民生。

Fifth, putting the people's interests first and striving to ensure and improve their well-being

我们把就业作为保障和改善民生的头等大事，实施积极的就业政策。加强重点人群就业工作，提高职业培训和就业服务水平，五年累计投入就业专项资金1973亿元，We made expanding employment the top priority in ensuring and improving people's well-being and pursued a proactive employment policy.Over the past five years, we allocated 197.3 billion yuan of employment funds to help targeted groups obtain employment and to improve vocational training and employment services.实现高校毕业生就业2800万人，城镇就业困难人员就业830万人，保持了就业形势总体稳定。

As a result, 28 million university graduates and 8.3 million urban residents having difficulty finding jobs found employment.All this kept the overall employment situation stable.全面推进社会保障体系建设，建立新型农村社会养老保险和城镇居民社会养老保险制度，城乡居民基本养老保险实现了制度全覆盖，各项养老保险参保达到7.9亿人。

We made comprehensive progress in developing the social security system: A new old-age insurance system for rural residents and an old-age insurance system for non-working urban residents were established, and the basic old-age insurance system now covers both urban and rural residents.A total of 790 million people are now covered by different old-age insurance schemes.企业退休人员基本养老金从2004年人均每月700元提高到现在的1721元。

A total of 790 million people are now covered by different old-age insurance schemes.Basic pensions for enterprise retirees rose from an average of 700 yuan per month in 2004 to 1,721 yuan at present.妥善解决关闭破产企业退休人员、困难企业职工、国有企业老工伤人员、未参保集体企业退休人员社会保险等问题。

We extended social security coverage to retirees of closed or bankrupt enterprises, employees of enterprises with operating difficulties, employees of state-owned enterprises who suffered work-related injuries in the past, and uninsured retirees of collectively owned enterprises.深化医药卫生体制改革，建立新型农村合作医疗制度和城镇居民基本医疗保险制度，We deepened reform of the medical and health care systems, established a new type of rural cooperative medical care system and a basic medical insurance scheme for non-working urban residents.全民基本医保体系初步形成，各项医疗保险参保超过13亿人，We deepened reform of the medical and health care systems, established a new type of rural cooperative medical care system and a basic medical insurance scheme for non-working urban residents.加强城乡基层医疗卫生服务体系建设，建立基本药物制度并在基层医疗机构实施，公立医院改革试点稳步推进。

We improved community-level medical and health care services, and established a system for using basic drugs and implemented it in community-level medical institutions.Steady progress was made in the trial reform of public hospitals.国民健康水平进一步提高，人均预期寿命达到75岁。

People's health further improved, and the average life expectancy reached 75 years.健全城乡居民低保、医疗、教育、法律等救助制度，The systems for aiding needy rural and urban residents with subsistence allowances, medical care, education and legal assistance were improved.改革完善孤儿保障、流浪儿童救助保护、农村五保供养制度。

We reformed and improved systems for providing social security to orphans, helping and protecting homeless children, and giving childless and infirm rural residents assistance in the form of food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses.颁布实施新的中国妇女、儿童发展纲要，依法保障妇女儿童合法权益。

We promulgated and implemented new programs for the development of Chinese women and children, and protected their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law.建立健全城镇保障性住房制度，覆盖面逐步扩大，2012年底已达到12.5%。

We established a sound government-subsidized urban housing system and extended it to cover 12.5% of the country's urban households by the end of 2012.社会保障制度建设取得历史性的巨大成就。不断加强和创新社会管理，建立健全应急管理体系，发挥城乡社区自治和服务功能，社会保持和谐稳定。

Historic achievements were made in developing the social security system.We strengthened and made innovations in social management, put in place a sound emergency response system, encouraged urban and rural communities to fully play their self-governance and service roles, and maintained social harmony and stability.六是深化重要领域改革，增强经济社会发展的内在活力。[/cn][en]Sixth, deepening reform in key areas and enhancing the vitality of economic and social development[/en] [cn]我们不失时机地推进改革，在一些重要领域取得重大进展。

We lost no opportunity to carry out reform and achieved great progress in a number of key areas.大力推进财税体制改革，完善转移支付制度，全面建立县级基本财力保障机制，基层政府提供基本公共服务的能力有所提高；

We vigorously reformed the fiscal and taxation systems, improved the system of transfer payments and established a mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments across the country.County-and township-level governments became more capable of providing basic public services.由公共财政预算、政府性基金预算、国有资本经营预算、社会保险基金预算组成的预算体系框架基本形成，预算外资金全部纳入预算管理；

We put in place the basic framework of a system of budgets for public finances, government-managed funds, state capital operations and social security funds, and all extra budgetary funds were placed under budgetary management.统一内外资企业税制，实现增值税转型，实施成品油价格和税费改革，开展营业税改征增值税试点，改革资源税制度，财税体制对加快转变经济发展方式的促进作用增强。

We unified the corporate tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises, implemented VAT reform, reformed pricing of refined oil products and related taxes and fees, carried out pilot projects to replace business tax with VAT, and reformed the resource tax system.This strengthened the role of the fiscal and taxation systems in accelerating the change of the growth model.全面深化金融体制改革，国有大型商业银行股份制改革顺利完成，政策性金融机构改革有序推进，We comprehensively deepened reform of the financial system.Specifically, we smoothly completed the transformation of large state-owned commercial banks into joint-stock companies and carried out reform of policy-based financial institutions in an orderly way.农村信用社改革成效明显，银行业新监管标准实施，创业板、股指期货和融资融券业务相继推出，We made notable achievements in reforming rural credit cooperatives, implemented new oversight and supervision standards in the banking industry, launched the ChiNext stock market, and introduced stock index futures and securities margin trading.保险业改革开放深入推进，人民币汇率形成机制不断完善，利率市场化和资本项目可兑换改革稳步推进，建立宏观审慎政策框架，扩大人民币在跨境贸易和投资中的使用。

We deepened reform of the insurance industry and opened it wider.We improved the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, made steady progress in making interest rates more market-based and promoting the RMB's convertibility under capital accounts, established a macro prudential policy framework, and expanded the use of the RMB in cross-border trade and investment.我国银行、证券、保险业的抗风险能力和国际竞争力显著提升，为成功应对国际金融危机冲击奠定了坚实基础。

China's banking, securities and insurance industries became significantly more resilient to risks and internationally competitive, and they underpinned our successful response to the global financial crisis.国有企业改革不断深化，素质提高，竞争力明显增强。Reform of state-owned enterprises deepened, their performance improved and their competitiveness was significantly enhanced.制定鼓励和引导民间投资健康发展的指导意见和实施细则，非公有制经济发展环境不断改善。We formulated the Guidelines on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Non-governmental Investiment and rules for their implementation, and the environment for the development of the non-public sector of the economy improved.建立生态补偿制度，开展排污权和碳排放权交易试点。

We adopted a system for compensating for ecological damage and carried out trials for trading pollution discharge and carbon emission rights.事业单位分类改革积极推进。

We carried out function-based reform of public institutions.七是坚定不移扩大对外开放，全面提升开放型经济水平。

7.Unswervingly opening wider to the outside world and comprehensively improving the performance ofthe open economy

我们积极应对外部环境的急剧变化，及时出台稳定外需的政策措施，实施市场多元化战略，We actively responded to drastic changes in the external environment, promptly introduced policies and measures to stabilize external demand, and implemented the strategy of diversifying markets.进出口总额年均增长12.2%，从世界第三位提升到第二位，During the past five years, China's import and export volume grew by an annual average of 12.2% and rose from third to second place in the world.其中出口额跃居世界第一位，占国际市场份额比2007年提高2个多百分点，进出口结构优化，贸易大国地位进一步巩固。

China has become the largest exporter in the world, and its international market share increased by over two percentage points over 2007.China's import and export mix improved;and its status as a trading power was further strengthened.五年累计实际利用外资5528亿美元，利用外资的结构和布局明显优化，质量和水平显著提升。

Over the past five years, we utilized US$ 552.8 billion of foreign investment, considerably improved the structure and distribution of this investment, and made much better use of it.加快实施“走出去”战略，鼓励各类企业开展对外投资和跨国经营，We quickened the implementation of the ”go global" strategy and encouraged enterprises of various types to invest and operate overseas.非金融类对外直接投资从2007年的248亿美元上升到2012年的772亿美元，年均增长25.5%，跻身对外投资大国行列。

Non-financial outward direct investment increased from $24.8 billion in 2007 to $77.2 billion in 2012, growing at an average annual rate of 25.5%.This turned China into a major overseas investor country.对外开放有力促进了我国经济发展和结构优化，吸收了先进技术和管理经验，增加了就业和职工收入，也为推动世界经济复苏作出了重要贡献。

Opening up vigorously stimulated China's economic development and structural improvement, brought in advanced foreign technologies and managerial expertise, and increased employment and workers' income, and also made an important contribution to global economic recovery.八是切实加强政府自身建设，进一步深化行政体制改革。

8.Effectively strengthening governance and deepening reform of the administrative system

推进政府机构改革，初步建立职能统一的大部门体制框架。

We proceeded with the reform of government agencies and put in place the basic institutional framework for establishing larger government departments that integrate the functions smaller ones had performed.我们始终把实行科学民主决策、坚持依法行政、推进政务公开、健全监督制度、加强廉政建设作为政府工作的基本准则。

We always observed the following basic norms in exercising governance: making policy decisions scientifically and democratically, conducting administration in accordance with the law, promoting transparency in government operations, improving the oversight system and upholding integrity.在规范行政权力运行，建设服务政府、责任政府、法治政府和廉洁政府方面，采取了一系列新举措，迈出了新步伐。

We adopted new measures and made new progress in exercising government power according to due procedures and in building a service-oriented, accountable, law-based and clean government.坚持科学决策、民主决策、依法决策，健全公众参与、专家论证、风险评估、合法性审查和集体讨论决定等政府决策程序。

We took the following steps to improve government decision-making procedures: making policy decisions scientifically and democratically in accordance with the law;soliciting opinions from the public;and conducting expert evaluation, risk assessment, legality review, and collective discussion.深化行政审批制度改革，五年中分两轮取消和调整行政审批事项498项，We deepened reform of the system of review and approval by government bodies and eliminated or streamlined 498 items requiring such review and approval in two stages over the past five years.国务院各部门取消和调整的审批项目总数达到2497项，占原有审批项目的69.3%。Departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined 2,497 items requiring their review and approval, 69.3% ofthe original total.大力推动政务公开，重点推进财政预算决算公开和公务接待、公务车购置使用、因公出国出境经费公开，We took major steps to increase transparency in government operations, with the focus on government budgets and final accounts, as well as on expenditures for official hospitality, purchase and use of official cars, and overseas trips for official purposes.让人民群众更加全面地了解政府工作，更加有效地监督政府行为。This made it possible for the people to learn more about how the government functions, and thus more effectively oversee its operations.审计监督的力度越来越大，成效越来越明显。全面加强反腐倡廉建设，加强领导干部廉洁自律的监督管理。

Auditing oversight was intensified and became more effective.We comprehensively intensified efforts to fight corruption and build a clean government, and strengthened oversight and supervision of leading officials to ensure that they maintain personal integrity and are self-disciplined.探索建立政府绩效管理制度，建立并切实执行以行政首长为重点的行政问责制度，努力提高行政效能。

We took steps to put in place a system of performance-based management of government officials, established and earnestly enforced the system of governance accountability focusing on leading government officials, and improved efficiency in governance.各位代表！Fellow Deputies，五年来，我们贯彻民族区域自治法，支持少数民族和民族地区发展的政策体系更加完善，民族团结进步事业焕发出新的蓬勃生机。

Over the past five years, we implemented the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, improved the policy system for supporting the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and infused new vitality into the cause of promoting unity and progress of ethnic groups in China.全面落实宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事务管理的法制化、规范化水平进一步提升。

We comprehensively carried out the policy on freedom of religious belief and managed religious affairs on a more law-and procedure-based basis.认真贯彻侨务政策，依法保护海外侨胞和归侨侨眷的合法权益，侨务资源的独特优势得到进一步发挥。

We implemented the policy on overseas Chinese affairs in both letter and spirit, protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese and those who have returned to China and their families;and we put their unique strengths to better use.国防和军队建设开创新局面。

New progress was made in strengthening national defense and the armed forces.中国特色军事变革取得重大成就，军队革命化现代化正规化建设协调推进、全面加强，Major achievements were made in the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.The armed forces made coordinated and all-around progress in becoming more revolutionary, modernized and procedure-based.军事斗争准备不断深化，履行新世纪新阶段历史使命能力显著增强，出色完成一系列急难险重任务。

They deepened their military preparedness, greatly enhanced their ability to carry out their historic mission in the new stage in the new century, and accomplished a number of urgent, difficult, and hazardous tasks.港澳台工作进一步加强。香港、澳门保持繁荣稳定，同内地交流合作提高到新水平。We strengthened our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.Hong Kong and Macao are thriving and stable, and their exchanges and cooperation with the mainland reached a new height.推动两岸关系实现重大转折，两岸直接双向“三通”全面实现，签署实施两岸经济合作框架协议，We achieved a major transition in relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.Complete, direct and two-way links of mail service, transport and trade were established, and the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement was signed and is being implemented.形成两岸全方位交往格局，开创两岸关系和平发展新局面。

This extended cross-Straits exchanges to all areas and ushered in a new stage of peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations.全方位外交取得新的重大进展。

Major new progress' was made in China's all-around diplomacy.我们积极推进同各大国关系，加强与周边邻国的互利合作关系，顺利建成中国—东盟自贸区，We vigorously developed our relations with other major countries, enhanced mutually beneficial cooperation with our neighbors, and successfully established the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.推动上海合作组织等区域合作机制发展，深化同广大发展中国家的传统友谊与合作，We spurred the development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and other mechanisms for promoting regional cooperation, and deepened our traditional friendship and cooperation with other developing countries.积极参与应对国际金融危机、气候变化等全球性问题的国际合作，推动解决国际和地区热点问题，We actively participated in international cooperation on global issues like the global financial crisis and climate change and helped resolve international and regional hot-spot issues.为我国改革发展稳定营造了有利的国际环境，为世界和平稳定发展繁荣作出重要贡献。We thus fostered an international environment favorable for China's reform, development and stability and made a significant contribution to world peace, stability, development and prosperity.各位代表！Fellow Deputies，过去五年取得的成就来之不易。这是党中央总揽全局、正确领导的结果，是全党全国各族人民齐心协力、艰苦奋斗的结果。

Our achievements over the past five years did not come easily.We owe them to the broad vision and correct leadership of the party Central Committee and the concerted efforts and arduous work of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China.我代表国务院，向全国工人、农民、知识分子、干部、解放军指战员、武警部队官兵和公安民警，表示诚挚的感谢！

On behalf of the State Council, I extend my sincere gratitude to all workers, farmers, intellectuals, officials, and members of the People's Liberation Army, armed police and public security police.向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和其他各界人士，表示诚挚的感谢！I extend my heartfelt thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations and leading figures in all sectors of society.向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞和台湾同胞以及广大侨胞，表示诚挚的感谢！I express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese.向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚的感谢！I also extend my sincere appreciation to foreign governments, international organizations and foreign friends that have shown understanding for and supported China's modernization drive.我们清醒地认识到，经济社会发展中还存在不少矛盾和问题。主要是：

We are keenly aware that we still face many difficulties and problems in our economic and social development.In particular:

发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题依然突出；

Unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development remains a prominent problem.经济增长下行压力和产能相对过剩的矛盾有所加剧；

There is a growing conflict between downward pressure on economic growth and excess production capacity.企业生产经营成本上升和创新能力不足问题并存； There is a growing conflict between downward pressure on economic growth and excess production capacity.财政收入增速放缓和政府刚性支出增加的矛盾凸显；

The growth of government revenue is slowing down while fixed government expenditures are increasing.金融领域存在潜在风险；

There are potential risks in the financial sector.产业结构不合理，农业基础依然薄弱；

There are potential risks in the financial sector.The agricultural foundation is still weak.经济发展与资源环境的矛盾日趋尖锐；

Economic development is increasingly in conflict with resource conservation and environmental protection.城乡、区域发展差距和居民收入分配差距较大；

The development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is large, and so are income disparities between individuals.社会矛盾明显增多，教育、就业、社会保障、医疗、住房、生态环境、食品药品安全、安全生产、社会治安等关系群众切身利益的问题不少，Social problems have increased markedly, and many problems in the areas of education, employment, social security, medical care, housing, the environment, food and drug safety, workplace safety, and public order affect people's vital interests.部分群众生活困难；

Some people still lead hard lives.制约科学发展的体制机制障碍较多； There are many systemic and institutional obstacles to developing in a scientific way.政府职能转变不到位，一些领域腐败现象易发多发。

The transformation of government functions has not been fully carried out, and some areas are prone to corruption.这些问题，有些是长期积累的，有些是经济社会发展过程中出现的，有些是政府工作中的缺点和不足造成的。

Some of these problems have built up over time, while others have emerged in the course of economic and social development, and still others have been caused by inadequacies and weaknesses in our government work.我们要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，更加努力做好工作，加快解决这些问题，决不辜负人民的期望！

We should have a strong sense of responsibility toward our country and people, work harder and solve these problems more quickly in order to meet people's expectations and never let them down.二、今年经济社会发展的总体要求、主要预期目标和宏观经济政策

II.General Requirements, Major Targets and Macroeconomic Policies for This Year's Economic and Social Development

党的十八大科学总结了过去五年的工作和党的十六大以来的奋斗历程和历史性成就，确定了全面建成小康社会和全面深化改革开放的目标，对进一步推进中国特色社会主义事业作出了全面部署。

At its Eighteenth National Congress, the Party scientifically reviewed its work over the previous five years and the historic achievements since its Sixteenth Congress, set forth the objectives of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and deepening reform and opening up in an all-around way, and laid out an overall plan for advancing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.2013年是全面贯彻落实党的十八大精神的开局之年，是实施“十二五”规划承前启后的关键一年，是为全面建成小康社会奠定坚实基础的重要一年。

The year 2013 is the first year for fully carrying out the guiding principles of the Party's Eighteenth National Congress, a crucial year for continuing to implement the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and an important year for laying a solid foundation for finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期，经济社会发展具备很多有利条件和积极因素，也面临不少风险和挑战。

China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities during which much can be accomplished.There are many favorable conditions and positive factors as well as a number of risks and challenges for China's economic and social development.国际金融危机深层次影响持续显现，世界经济复苏充满不确定性、不稳定性。

The profound impact of the global financial crisis persists, and the recovery of the world economy is full of uncertainty and not yet on a stable footing.我们既要看到形势的积极方面，坚定信心，也要看到形势的复杂性，增强忧患意识和紧迫感，兢兢业业、扎扎实实做好工作。

We should realize that the situation is encouraging and so remain confident;but also that it is complex and so be mindful of adversity, have a keen sense of urgency, and industriously and earnestly do our work well.今年工作的总体要求是：

The general requirements for this year's work are:

深入学习和全面贯彻落实党的十八大精神，Thoroughly study and fully implement the guiding principles of the Eighteenth Party Congress.Hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics.高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，紧紧围绕主题主线，以提高经济增长质量和效益为中心，Follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development.Take developing in a scientific way as the underlying guideline and accelerating the change of the growth model as the major task.Focus on improving the quality and performance of economic growth.深化改革开放，实施创新驱动战略，稳中求进，开拓创新，扎实开局，Deepen reform and opening up.Implement the strategy of making development more innovation-driven.Make progress while ensuring stability.Blaze new trails in a pioneering spirit.Get off to a good start.全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设，实现经济持续健康发展和社会和谐稳定。

Comprehensively promote socialist economic, political, Cultural, social and ecological progress.Achieve sustained, healthy economic growth and social harmony and stability.今年经济社会发展的主要预期目标是：

The major targets for this year's economic and social development are:

国内生产总值增长7.5%左右，发展的协调性进一步增强； Increase GDP by about 7.5%.Better coordinate development.居民消费价格涨幅3.5%左右；

Hold increases in the CPI to around 3.5%.城镇新增就业900万人以上，城镇登记失业率低于4.6%；

Add more than 9 million urban jobs.Keep the registered urban unemployment rate at or below 4.6%.城乡居民人均收入实际增长与经济增长同步，劳动报酬增长和劳动生产率提高同步； Ensure that real per capita income for urban and rural residents increases in step with economic growth and that work remuneration rises in step with increases in labor productivity.国际收支状况进一步改善。

Further improve the balance of payments.这里，着重对经济增长和物价总水平两个指标作些说明。

Here, I wish to explain our targets for economic growth and overall prices.关于经济增长目标。这是一个综合性指标，各方面高度关注。今年经济增长预期目标定为7.5%左右，主要基于两方面考虑：

The target for economic growth: This is a general target that is followed closely by all.In setting this year's target for economic growth at about 7.5%, we have taken two factors into account.一方面，要继续抓住机遇、促进发展。这些年，我国制造业积累了较大产能，基础设施状况大为改善，支撑能力明显增强，储蓄率较高，劳动力总量仍然很大。

On the one hand, we need to continue to seize opportunities and promote development.Over the years, the capacity ofChina's manufacturing industry has increased considerably and our infrastructure has improved significantly, which means they are better able to sustain development.The rate of savings has been high, and the size of the workforce has remained large.必须优化配置和利用生产要素，保持合理的增长速度，为增加就业、改善民生提供必要条件，为转方式、调结构创造稳定环境；

We must better allocate and employ factors of production and maintain a proper level of economic growth in order to provide necessary conditions for creating jobs and improving people's well-being and to create a stable environment for changing the growth model and adjusting the economic structure.必须使经济增长与潜在增长率相协调，与生产要素的供给能力和资源环境的承受能力相适应。We must ensure that economic growth is in accord with the potential economic growth rate, the ability to supply factors of production, and the bearing capacity of resources and the environment.另一方面，要切实按照科学发展观的要求，引导各方面把工作重心放到加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构上，放到提高经济增长的质量和效益上，推动经济持续健康发展。On the other hand, we should, in accordance with the Scientific Outlook on Development, guide all the people to shift the focus of their work to accelerating the change of the growth model, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality and performance of economic growth, so as to promote sustained and healthy economic development.综合权衡，今年的经济增长目标定为7.5%左右是必要的、适宜的，实现这个目标需要付出艰苦努力。

In light of these considerations, we deem it necessary and appropriate to set this year's target for economic growth at about 7.5%, a goal that we will have to work hard to attain.关于物价总水平。保持物价总水平基本稳定始终是宏观调控的重要目标。

The target for overall prices: Maintaining basic stability of overall prices has always been an important macro-control target.去年居民消费价格涨幅回落到2.6%，这是我们控制通货膨胀取得的一个重要成果，也与经济运行整体态势有关。

Last year, the rise in the CPI dropped to 2.6%.This was an important result of our efforts to curb inflation, and it was also due to the overall economic performance.今年通货膨胀压力仍然较大，主要是：

This year, China is still under considerable inflationary pressure.The main reasons are:

我国土地、劳动力等要素价格，农产品和服务类价格都存在上涨压力；

There is upward pressure on the prices of land, labor and other factors of production and the prices of farm products and services.主要发达国家实行宽松货币政策并不断加码，输入性通货膨胀压力不容忽视；

Major developed countries are increasingly carrying out easy monetary policies, and imported inflationary pressure cannot be overlooked.理顺能源资源价格需要留出一定空间；

We need to leave some room for adjusting the prices of energy and resources.去年价格上涨的翘尾影响约有1个百分点。

The carry-over effect of the CPI increase in 2012 will contribute roughly one percentage point to this year's CPI growth rate.消费价格涨幅控制在3.5%左右，是充分考虑各方面因素后作出的选择。

Taking all these factors fully into account, we have set the target for increases in the CPI at around 3.5% for this year.要切实保障重要商品供给，搞活流通，降低物流成本，加强市场价格监管，保持物价总水平基本稳定。

We should effectively ensure the supply of major commodities, boost distribution of goods, reduce logistics costs, tighten oversight over market prices, and keep overall prices basically stable.实现上述目标，必须继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，保持政策连续性和稳定性，增强前瞻性、针对性和灵活性。

To reach the above targets, we must continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, maintain continuity and stability of our policies, and make them more forward-looking, targeted and flexible.继续实施积极的财政政策。更好地发挥积极财政政策在稳增长、调结构、促改革、惠民生中的作用。

We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.We should make our proactive fiscal policy play a bigger role in ensuring steady growth, adjusting the structure, advancing reform, and benefiting the people.一是适当增加财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字1.2万亿元，比去年预算增加4000亿元，First, we will increase the deficit and government debt by appropriate amounts.This year we are projecting a deficit of 1.2 trillion yuan, 400 billion more than the budgeted figure last year.其中中央财政赤字8500亿元，代地方发债3500亿元。

This consists of a central government deficit of 850 billion yuan and 350 billion yuan in bonds to be issued on behalf of local.governments.这主要是考虑到结构性减税的滞后效应，今年财政收入增长不会太快，但财政刚性支出增加，The time-lag of past structural tax cuts will make it hard for government revenue to grow fast this year, while fixed government expenditures will increase.特别是要增加保障改善民生支出，保持对经济增长和结构调整的支持力度，适当扩大财政赤字和国债规模是必要的。

In particular, it is necessary to increase spending to ensure and improve people's well-being and maintain support for economic growth and structural adjustment.Consequently, we deem it necessary to appropriately increase the deficit and government debt.同时，目前我国债务负担率相对较低，今年增加赤字后，赤字率在2%左右，总体上处于安全水平。

It should be noted that China has a relatively low debt-to-GDP ratio, and the increase in the deficit this year will bring the deficit-to-GDP ratio to about 2%, which is overall at a safe level.二是结合税制改革完善结构性减税政策。

Second, we will improve the structural tax cut policy as we continue to reform the tax system.重点是加快推进营业税改征增值税试点工作，完善试点办法，适时扩大试点地区和行业范围。The focus will be on accelerating the pilot project to replace business tax with VAT, improving the way these trials are conducted and extending them to more areas and sectors in a timely manner.三是着力优化财政支出结构。继续向教育、医药卫生、社会保障等民生领域和薄弱环节倾斜，Third, we will work hard to optimize the structure of government expenditures.We will continue to give priority to spending on education, medical and health care, social security and other weak areas that are important to people's well-being.严格控制行政经费等一般性支出，勤俭办一切事业。

We will strictly limit regular expenditures like administrative expenses, and practice thrift in everything we do.中央预算内投资主要投向保障性安居工程，农业、水利、城市管网等基础设施，社会事业等民生工程，节能减排和生态环境等领域。

Investment from the central government budget will be mainly made in government-subsidized housing projects;infrastructure projects related to agriculture, water conservancy and urban utilities networks;social programs and other projects to improve people's well-being;and energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection.四是继续加强地方政府性债务管理。妥善处理债务偿还和在建项目后续融资问题，积极推进地方政府性债务管理制度建设，合理控制地方政府性债务水平。

Fourth, we will continue to strengthen management of local government debt.We will properly handle debt repayment and follow-up financing for ongoing projects, put in place a system for managing local government debt and keep such debt at an appropriate level.继续实施稳健的货币政策。把握好促进经济增长、稳定物价和防范金融风险之间的平衡。We will continue to implement a prudent monetary policy.We will maintain a balance between boosting economic growth, keeping prices stable and guarding against financial risks.一是健全宏观审慎政策框架，发挥货币政策逆周期调节作用。

First, we will improve the policy framework for exercising macro-control prudently and have monetary policy play the role of making counter-cyclic adjustments.广义货币Ｍ2预期增长目标拟定为13%左右。综合运用多种货币政策工具，调节市场流动性，保持货币信贷合理增长，适当扩大社会融资规模。

The target for growth of the broad money supply(M2)is about 13%.We will employ a full range of monetary policy tools to control market liquidity, increase the money and credit supply at an appropriate pace, and expand the aggregate financing for the economy by an appropriate amount.完善货币政策传导机制，加强金融监管与货币政策的协调，不断优化监管标准和监管方式。We will improve the transmission mechanism for monetary policy, better coordinate financial oversight and monetary policy, and improve oversight standards and their implementation.二是促进金融资源优化配置。引导金融机构加大对经济结构调整特别是“三农”、小微企业、战略性新兴产业等的金融支持，满足国家重点在建续建项目资金需求。

Second, we will better allocate financial resources.We will guide financial institutions to increase financial support for structural adjustments to the economy, especially for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, small and micro businesses, and strategic emerging industries, and satisfy funding needs for key national projects under construction or expansion.拓宽实体经济融资渠道，降低实体经济融资成本。促进资本市场稳定健康发展。

We will broaden financing channels for the real economy and reduce its financing costs.We will promote steady and healthy development of the capital market.三是守住不发生系统性和区域性金融风险底线。引导金融机构稳健经营，加强对局部和区域性风险以及金融机构表外业务风险的监管，提高金融支持经济发展的可持续性。

Third, we will resolutely guard against systemic and regional financial risks.We will guide financial institutions to operate prudently, and we will tighten oversight over financial risks in certain sectors and regions and risks related to the off-balance sheet activities of financial institutions, and thus make the financial sector's support for economic development more sustainable.三、对今年政府工作的建议

III.Suggestions for the Work of the Government This Year

结合过去十年特别是近五年工作的体会，对今年政府主要工作提出以下建议。

Based on an understanding of the work of the past ten years, especially of the past five years, I wish to make the following suggestions for the government's main work this year.（一）加快转变经济发展方式，促进经济持续健康发展。

1.Accelerating the change ofthe growth model and promoting sustained and sound economic development

我国社会主义现代化建设取得的一切成就都建立在经济持续健康发展的基础之上，经济不发展，什么事情都办不成。

All the achievements we havemade in China's socialist modernization are attributable to sustained and sound economic development, without which we would have accomplished nothing.我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变，人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾这一社会主要矛盾没有变，我国是世界上最大发展中国家的国际地位没有变，发展仍是解决我国所有问题的关键。

China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time.This basic national condition has not changed;nor has the principal problem in our society, that is, production falls short of the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people, or China's international position as the largest developing country in the world.Development is still the key to solving all our problems.必须坚持以经济建设为中心，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展。

We must keep economic development as the central task and give it our undivided attention.只要我们牢牢把握发展的重要战略机遇期，尊重发展规律，创新发展理念，破解发展难题，加快转变经济发展方式，在发展中促转变，在转变中谋发展，就一定能实现经济持续健康发展。

As long as we make full use of this important period of strategic opportunities, respect the law of development, formulate new thinking on development, solve problems hindering development, accelerate the change of the growth model, spur change in the course of pursuing development, and promote development while working for change, we can certainly achieve sustained and sound economic development.要坚定不移地把扩大内需作为经济发展的长期战略方针，充分发挥消费的基础作用和投资的关键作用。

We should unswervingly take expanding domestic demand as our long-term strategy for economic development, and make full use of the basic function of consumption and the key role of investment.扩大内需的难点和重点在消费，潜力也在消费。

The difficulty in and key to expanding domestic demand lie in consumption, and that is also where the potential lies.扩大居民消费要在提高消费能力、稳定消费预期、增强消费意愿、改善消费环境上下功夫，不断提高消费对经济增长的拉动力。

To expand individual consumption, we should enhance people's ability to consume, keep their consumption expectations stable, boost their desire to consume, improve the consumption environment and make economic growth more consumption-driven.现阶段，投资在促进经济增长中的作用不可低估。

In the current stage, the role investment plays in promoting economic growth cannot be underestimated.我国既有投资能力，又有投资需求，关键在于选准方向、优化结构、提高投资的质量和效益。China has both investment capability and investment demand, but the key is to make investment in the needed sectors, optimize the structure of investment, and improve its performance and returns.政府投资对社会投资具有十分重要的导向作用，但占全社会投资的比重越来越小，必须进一步放宽民间投资市场准入，激发民间投资活力。

Governmental investment is important in guiding non-governmental investment, but its share of the country's total investment is decreasing, so we must further relax controls over market access for nongovernmental investment and stimulate it.要大力推进转变经济发展方式，加快产业结构调整。

We should energetically change the growth model and speed up structural adjustment of industry.我国生产力发展水平具有多层次性，回旋余地很大，无论传统产业还是新兴产业、劳动密集型产业还是资金密集型产业，都有发展的空间，China's productive forces develop on multiple levels, which gives us plenty of room to maneuver.Industries, whether traditional or emerging, labor-intensive or capital-intensive, all have room for development.重要的是优化资源配置和产业布局，解决产能过剩、核心技术缺乏、产品附加值低的问题，解决低水平重复建设和地区产业结构趋同的问题。

The important task is to optimize resources allocation and industrial distribution, and solve the following problems: excess production capacity, the lack of core technology, products with low value-added, low-level and redundant industrial projects, and different regions having similar industrial structures.必须加快改造提升传统产业，大力发展高新技术产业，提高产品质量和市场竞争力。We must accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, energetically develop new-and high-tech industries, and raise product quality and competitiveness.要加强政策引导，鼓励企业跨行业跨区域跨所有制兼并重组，利用市场倒逼机制促进优胜劣汰。

We should strengthen policy guidance;encourage enterprise acquisitions and reorganizations across industries, regions and forms of ownership;and allow market forces to determine enterprises' success or failure.以扩大国内市场应用、重要关键技术攻关为重点，推动战略性新兴产业健康发展。We should promote sound development of strategic emerging industries, with the focus on expanding their share in the domestic market and making breakthroughs in major and key technologies.积极推动信息化和工业化融合，加快建设新一代信息基础设施，促进信息网络技术广泛应用。We should promote the integration of IT application and industrialization, more quickly build next-generation information and communication infrastructure, and spread the use of information network technology.坚持生产性服务业和生活性服务业并重，现代服务业和传统服务业并举，进一步发展壮大服务业。

We should develop and expand the service sector, and attach equal importance to producer and consumer service industries and to modern and traditional service industries.要顺应人民群众对美好生活环境的期待，大力加强生态文明建设和环境保护。生态环境关系人民福祉，关乎子孙后代和民族未来。

In response to people's expectations of having a good living environment, we should greatly strengthen ecological improvement and environmental protection.The state of the ecological environment affects the level of people's well-being and also posterity and the future of our nation.要坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，着力推进绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展。We should adhere to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment and endeavor to promote green, circular, and low-carbon development.大力推进能源资源节约和循环利用，重点抓好工业、交通、建筑、公共机构等领域节能，控制能源消费总量，降低能耗、物耗和二氧化碳排放强度。

We should greatly boost the conservation and reuse of energy and resources, give priority to saving energy in industry, transportation and construction and in public institutions, restrict total energy consumption, and reduce energy and materials consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.要加快调整经济结构和布局，抓紧完善标准、制度和法规体系，We should speed up adjusting the economic structure and distribution and upgrading related standards, practices, and laws and regulations.采取切实的防治污染措施，促进生产方式和生活方式的转变，We should adopt effective measures to prevent and control pollution and change the way we work and live.下决心解决好关系群众切身利益的大气、水、土壤等突出环境污染问题，改善环境质量，维护人民健康，用实际行动让人民看到希望。

We should resolve to solve the problems of serious air, water, and soil pollution that affect the people's vital interests;improve environmental quality, and safeguard people's health, and give the people hope through our concrete action.要做好气象、地质、地震等方面工作，提高防灾减灾能力。

We should do our meteorological, geological and seismic work well and become better able to prevent and mitigate natural disasters.优化国土空间开发格局，合理控制开发强度，调整空间结构。

We should optimize development of the country's territory, carry out development at a proper pace and adjust its spatial layout.加强海洋综合管理，发展海洋经济，提高海洋资源开发能力，保护海洋生态环境，维护国家海洋权益。

We should strengthen comprehensive marine management, develop the marine economy, become better able to exploit marine resources, protect the marine ecological environment, and safeguard China's maritime rights and interests.要继续深入实施区域发展总体战略，促进区域经济协调发展。

We should continue to fully implement the master strategy for regional development and promote balanced development between regions.充分发挥各地比较优势，统筹规划、分类指导，We should make full use of the comparative strengths of each region, make plans comprehensively and give guidance tailored to different circumstances.优先推进西部大开发，全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地，大力促进中部地区崛起，积极支持东部地区率先发展，We should give high priority to large-scale development of the western region, fully revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China, spur the rise of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区扶持力度，深入推进集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫攻坚。

We should increase support for old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas and alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties.（二）强化农业农村发展基础，推动城乡发展一体化。

2.Strengthening the foundation for agriculture and rural development and promoting integrated urban and rural development

近些年是我国农业发展最快、农村面貌变化最大、农民得到实惠最多的时期。

In recent years, China's agriculture has developed faster, its rural areas have undergone more significant changes, and its rural residents have received more tangible benefits than in another period.当前，农业农村发展进入一个新阶段，呈现出农业生产综合成本上升、农产品供求结构性矛盾突出、农村社会结构深刻变动、城乡发展加快融合的态势，Agriculture and rural development in China have now entered a new stage in which overall agricultural production costs are rising, structural problems in the supply and demand of agricultural products are worsening, the rural social structure is undergoing profound changes, and integration of urban and rural development is speeding up.全面建成小康社会的重点难点仍然在农村。

All the major and difficult problems that we face in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects are in rural areas.必须坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全部工作的重中之重，这是历史经验的科学总结，既管当前，也管长远，是长期指导思想。

We must make solving issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers the number one priority in all our work.This is a scientific conclusion drawn from our historical experience and a long-term guiding principle applicable to both the present and the future.农村土地制度关乎农村的根本稳定，也关乎中国的长远发展，其核心是要保障农民的财产权益，底线是严守18亿亩耕地红线。

The rural land system is central to maintaining rural' stability and ensuring China's long-term development.Its main purpose is to guarantee farmers' property rights and interests, and its main objective is to ensure that China's farmland remains at or above the red line of 120 million hectares.要坚持以家庭承包经营为基础，支持发展多种形式新型农民合作组织和多层次的农业社会化服务组织，逐步构建集约化、专业化、组织化、社会化相结合的新型农业经营体系，We should continue to make household contracts the basis of rural operations, support the development of new farmers' cooperatives of various forms and multilevel commercial organizations that provide agricultural services, and gradually establish a new type of system of intensive agricultural operations that are specialized, well organized and commercialized.始终注重保护法律赋予农民的财产权利，调动农民积极性。We should always protect farmers' legitimate property rights and keep them motivated.毫不放松粮食生产，建设高标准基本农田，推广先进技术，增强农业综合生产能力，保障粮食和重要农产品的有效供给。

We should always give high priority to grain production, develop high-yield basic farmland, spread advanced technologies, increase overall agricultural production capacity, and effectively ensure the supply of grain and other important agricultural products.要继续加大“三农”投入，加强农村基础设施建设和基本公共服务体系建设，推动城乡发展一体化，We should continue to increase spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers;improve infrastructure and basic public services in rural areas;and promote integration of urban and rural development.形成以工促农、以城带乡、工农互惠、城乡一体的新型工农、城乡关系。

We should build a new type of relations between industry and agriculture and between urban and rural areas in which industry promotes agriculture, urban areas support rural development, industry and agriculture reinforce each other, and urban development and rural development are integrated.要采取有效措施，稳定农业生产经营队伍，积极培育新型农民。

We should take effective measures to keep the agricultural workforce stable and train a new type of farmers.城镇化是我国现代化建设的历史任务，与农业现代化相辅相成。

Urbanization is a historical task in China's modernization drive, and urbanization and agricultural modernization complement each other.要遵循城镇化的客观规律，积极稳妥推动城镇化健康发展。

We should conform to the objective law of urbanization and carry it out actively yet prudently.坚持科学规划、合理布局、城乡统筹、节约用地、因地制宜、提高质量。

We should promote sound development of urbanization by making plans scientifically, balancing geographical distribution, coordinating urban and rural development, using land economically, and tailoring measures to local conditions.特大城市和大城市要合理控制规模，充分发挥辐射带动作用；

Megacities and large cities should be kept at an appropriate scale and fully play their role in driving the development of their surrounding areas.中小城市和小城镇要增强产业发展、公共服务、吸纳就业、人口集聚功能。

Small and medium-sized cities and small towns should become better able to develop industries, provide public services, create jobs, and attract residents.加快推进户籍制度、社会管理体制和相关制度改革，有序推进农业转移人口市民化，逐步实现城镇基本公共服务覆盖常住人口，为人们自由迁徙、安居乐业创造公平的制度环境。We should accelerate reform of the household registration system, the social management system and related institutions;register eligible rural workers as permanent urban residents in an orderly manner;progressively expand the coverage of basic public services in urban areas to all their permanent residents;and create an equitable institutional environment for freedom of movement and for people to live and work in contentment.村庄建设要注意保持乡村风貌，营造宜居环境，使城镇化和新农村建设良性互动。In improving village conditions, we should preserve their distinctive rural flavor, make their environment more livable, and ensure that urbanization and the building of a new countryside reinforce each other.（三）以保障和改善民生为重点，全面提高人民物质文化生活水平。

3.Giving high priority to ensuring and improving people s wellbeing and comprehensively improving their material and cultural lives

2003年抗击突如其来的非典疫情给我们的重要启示之一，就是要统筹经济社会发展。这些年我们在发展经济的同时，更加重视保障改善民生和发展社会事业，政府工作力度之大、财政投入资金之多前所未有。

An important lesson we learned in our response to the sudden outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)in 2003 is that economic development and social development need to be coordinated.In developing the economy in the years since then, we have placed greater importance on ensuring and improving people's well-being and developing social programs, and the government has made greater efforts and provided more funding in this area than ever before.经过不懈努力，我国经济社会发展的协调性明显增强。

These unremitting efforts have resulted in much better coordination of China's economic and social development.当前社会结构、社会组织形式、社会利益格局发生深刻变化，社会矛盾明显增多。These unremitting efforts have resulted in much better coordination of China's economic and social development.我们必须把保障和改善民生作为政府一切工作的出发点和落脚点，放在更加突出的位置，着力加强社会建设。

We must make ensuring and improving people's well-being the starting point and goal of all the government's work, give higher priority to it, and strive to strengthen social development.千方百计扩大就业。坚持实施就业优先战略和更加积极的就业政策，We should do all we can to increase employment.We should persevere in implementing the strategy of giving top priority to employment and adopt a more proactive employment policy.通过稳定经济增长和调整经济结构增加就业岗位，加强职业技能培训，提高劳动者就业创业能力，We should create more jobs by maintaining stable economic growth and adjusting the economic structure and provide better vocational skills training to help people to find jobs of start their own businesses.加大投入和政策支持，完善就业服务体系，鼓励创业带动就业，做好重点人群就业工作，促进城乡居民收入持续稳定增长。

We should increase government spending and policy support, improve the employment services system, stimulate employment by encouraging business start-ups, assist target groups in finding jobs, and stimulate sustained, steady increases in urban and rural incomes.完善社会保障制度。坚持全覆盖、保基本、多层次、可持续方针，We should improve the social security system.We should continue to follow the policy of making coverage universal, ensuring basic care, and providing multilevel and sustainable social security.不断扩大社会保障覆盖面，提高统筹层次和保障水平，加强各项制度的完善和衔接，增强公平性，适应流动性，保证可持续性。

We should expand the coverage of social security, turn over the overall management of social security accounts to higher-level authorities, raise social security benefits, improve and coordinate all social security programs, make social security more equitable and sustainable, and facilitate the smooth transfer of social security accounts between localities.今年企业退休人员基本养老金继续提高10%，城乡低保和优抚对象补助标准也进一步提高。This year, basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees should be raised by another 10%, and subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents and subsidies for entitled groups should also be further raised.要加大对社会养老服务体系和儿童福利机构建设的支持力度。

Greater support should be given to developing child welfare agencies and the system of social services for the elderly.深化医药卫生事业改革发展。巩固完善基本药物制度和基层医疗卫生机构运行新机制，加快公立医院改革，鼓励社会办医。

We should advance reform and development of medical and health care services, consolidate and improve the system for using basic drugs and the new operating mechanisms of community-level medical and health care institutions, speed up the reform of public hospitals, and encourage non-governmental bodies to operate hospitals.扶持中医药和民族医药事业发展。We should support development of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic minority medicine.健全全民医保体系，建立重特大疾病保障和救助机制，全面开展儿童白血病等20种重大疾病保障试点工作。

We should improve the universal medical insurance system, establish a mechanism to provide insurance and aid for treating major and very serious diseases, and conduct a pilot project to insure against childhood leukemia and 20 other serious diseases.今年新农合和城镇居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准由每人每年240元提高到280元，人均基本公共卫生服务经费标准由25元提高到30元。

This year, annual government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents should be raised from 240 yuan to 280 yuan per person respectively, and the per person payment standard for basic public health services should be increased from 25 yuan to 30 yuan.逐步完善人口政策。坚持计划生育基本国策，适应我国人口总量和结构变动趋势，统筹解决好人口数量、素质、结构和分布问题，促进人口长期均衡发展。

We should progressively improve the government population policy.We should adhere to the basic state policy on family planning.In response to changes in the size and structure of China's total population, we should comprehensively solve problems relating to the size, health, structure and geographical distribution of the population and promote long-term, balanced population development.重视发展老龄事业，切实保障妇女和未成年人权益，关心和支持残疾人事业。

We should boost the development of elderly services, protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and take an interest in and support programs that benefit people with disabilities.加强和创新社会管理。改进政府提供公共服务方式，加强基层社会管理和服务体系建设，完善村民自治、城市居民自治制度，保证人民群众依法直接行使民主权利，管理基层公共事务和公益事业。

We should strengthen and make innovations in social management.We should improve the way the government provides public services, strengthen the system of social management and services at the community level, and improve self-governance by villagers and urban residents, to ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law by managing community-level public affairs and running public service programs.改革社会组织管理体制，引导社会组织健康有序发展。

We should reform the management system for social organizations, and guide their sound and orderly development.建立健全维护群众权益机制，完善人民调解、行政调解、司法调解联动的工作体系，健全法律援助制度，推动涉法涉诉信访工作改革，We should establish a sound mechanism for safeguarding people's rights and interests;improve the integrated system of mediation by the people, administrative mediation and judicial mediation;strengthen the system of legal assistance;and carry out reform of the handling of people's complaints about legal and litigation-related issues.畅通和规范群众诉求表达、利益协调、权益保障渠道，We should maintain open and regular channels for people to voice their demands, and we should coordinate the people's interests and protect their rights and interests.健全重大决策社会稳定风险评估和突发事件应急管理机制，维护社会公共安全，促进社会和谐稳定。

We should improve the mechanism for assessing potential risks major policy decisions may pose to social stability and the emergency response mechanism.The purpose of all this work is to preserve law and order and promote social harmony and stability.食品药品安全是人们关注的突出问题，要改革和健全食品药品安全监管体制，加强综合协调联动，Food and drug safety is a prominent issue of widespread concern.We should reform and improve mechanisms for overseeing and supervising food and drug safety and strengthen overall coordination.落实企业主体责任，严格从生产源头到消费的全程监管，加快形成符合国情、科学合理的食品药品安全体系，提升食品药品安全保障水平。

We should require enterprises to assume primary responsibility for safety, exercise strict oversight and supervision throughout the whole process from production to

第四篇：奥运会开幕式中英文稿

北京奥运会开幕式中英文演讲稿

(2008-09-13 20:22:39)转载 标签：

身边的奥运 奥运 杂谈

8月8日20时，第29届奥林匹克运动会开幕式正式在国家体育场拉开帷幕。

中国国家主席、国际奥委会主席入场

中国国家主席胡锦涛、国际奥委会主席雅克-罗格进入VIP贵宾席。

主持人：美丽的欢迎焰火绕场一周，在鸟巢上空花朵般绽放，激活了古老的日晷。在鸟巢上方显得格外漂亮，富有太阳投射的影子来测定时间计时日期的日晷，由日晷发出的时间之光点亮了鸟巢，点亮了2008面缶组成的矩形缶阵。

倒计时

主持人：一道耀眼的光环，激活了古老的日晷。独特的多媒体手段，拉开了开幕式的帷幕。日晷将光反射到场地的缶上。缶是中国古老的打击乐器，由陶土或青铜制成。早在夏、商时代，就有了“击

缶而歌”的演奏。此刻它们正以光的律动向我们传递光阴的概念。

和着击打声，出现巨大的数字，每次光影数字的交锋，都预示着北京奥运的每秒临近，就让我们穿越时空，一同倒数，用震撼的节奏，激荡千年祖国的万里疆土，激荡中华民族的奔腾血脉，共同迎 接奥运之光的莅临。

欢迎焰火

今夜星光灿烂，8月的中国以如火的热情诚邀八方来客，广纳四海宾朋，今夜礼花满天，仲夏的北京见证天国奇迹，铸造荣耀巅峰。

(现场主持人)欢迎中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛先生，国际奥林匹克委员会主席雅克-罗格先生。

欢迎仪式

夜空璀璨，缶声震天，情谊无边，接下来我们将会看到一场独具中国古典艺术魅力的欢迎仪式，欢迎所有远道而来的朋友。

中国素以文明古国，礼仪之邦著称于世，几千年来不仅创造了灿烂悠久的历史文化，更形成了高尚道德准则和完整的礼仪规范。此刻，2008名乐手，一边击缶，一边高声吟诵着数千年前孔子写在论

语中的名句，我们用独特的方式，表达北京最真挚的欢迎之情。欢迎所有热爱友谊与和平的朋友们来到北京，来到中国，欢迎所有热爱奥林匹克运动的朋友们来到奥林匹克大家庭。

历史足迹

在震撼的声响中，我们惊喜地看到，由焰火组成的巨大脚印正沿着北京的中轴路穿过天安门广场直奔国家体育场而来。29个焰火脚印象征着29届奥运会的历史足迹，也意味着中国追寻奥运之梦的百

年跋涉正在一步步走近，梦想成真的时刻。7年前当中国人把申办报告交给国际奥委会的时候，就把绿色奥运、科技奥运和人文奥运的承诺交给了世界。7年后，中轴路上新生的鸟巢和孕育出生的奥林匹

克森林公园成为了庄严的天安门广场最欢乐的伙伴。中轴路上这三个特色鲜明的北京地标，不仅体现了北京奥运的三大理念，更连接起了北京城市的昨天和今天。

梦想五环

此刻的鸟巢繁星点点，尤如浩瀚的星河落入人间。美丽的飞天在繁星中歌舞，唯美浪漫，如梦如幻，为奥运五环增添一抹中国色彩，为奥运五环烙印一段中国的记忆，也像美丽的梦幻在中国人心中

憧憬百年。一个由星光组成的奥运五环散发着璀璨的光芒，美丽的飞天把闪光的五环托起在北京的夜空，点亮了北京的夜色，点亮了每个热爱和平、热爱友谊、热爱奥林匹克运动的人心中跃动的激情。

这个璀璨的五环会让我们记住北京的星空里终于有了奥运五环的印迹，更会让全世界都记住，奥运会的记忆中从此有了中国的传奇。

国旗入场

（演唱《歌唱祖国》）

一曲旋律优美的《歌唱祖国》响彻鸟巢的上空，56名各民族儿童簇拥在五星红旗的周围进入会场。

升中华人民共和国国旗，唱中华人民共和国国歌

现场主持人：女士们，先生们请起立，升中华人民共和国国旗，奏中华人民共和国国歌。

（奏《中华人民共和国国歌》）

当鲜艳的五星红旗迎风飘扬，绚丽的焰火绽放出古老的中国最灿烂的表情，这个夜晚属于腾飞的中国，这份喜悦属于奥运的北京。

1.Pre-ceremony Performance 1.1 The pre-show is performed both south and north of the National Stadium and on the tracks.1.2 Several national celebrities demonstrate and train the audience in an energetic and lively manner on the interactive elements in the ceremony.1.3 Animation video assists the training 1.4 2008-member Fou Band enters from four gates, standing in a rectangular formation on the east and west sides of the field with a 22-meter wide passageway in the middle.The Fou is an ancient Chinese percussion instrument either made of bronze or ceramic.1.5 The 224-member Chorus dressed in 56 traditional Chinese ethnic costumes start to enter on both sides of the Chinese national flagpole.A child enters and stands in front of the flagpole.1.6 The 201-member Military Band enters and stands at the north of the Stadium.2.The Arrival of the Chinese President and the President of the IOC The President of the People's Republic of China and the IOC President enter the Presidential Box.At the north of the Stadium, the Military Band plays welcome music.3.Countdown In the last 10 seconds, the percussion rhythm of the “Fou Formation” is as intense as the roar of thunder.Chinese and Arabic numerals flash on the surfaces of the Fou successively, in tune with the rhythm...9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.3.1 A dazzling light activates an ancient sundial.3.2 The sundial reflects light onto the “Fou.” 3.3 Fou are ancient Chinese percussion instruments made of clay or bronze.In as early as the Xia and Shang dynasties, Fou were used in song and dance performances.3.4 The rhythmic beating of the instruments coincides with the lights to convey the concept of “time.”

4.Welcome fireworks Splendid fireworks burst from the Stadium's exterior trusses, making the entire Stadium like a blossoming flower.5.Welcome The sound of the Fou is thunderous and the chant is roaring.Two-thousand-and-eight performers beat the Fou and sing to welcome friends from all over the world.The exciting percussion performance starts to create a rolling, thunderous welcome.5.1 The 2,008 Fou and their 2,008 musicians symbolize the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.5.2 “Friends have come from afar, how happy we are.” This is a well-known saying of Confucius.Two-thousand-and-eight performers beat the Fou and sing to welcome friends from all over the world.Confucius(551 BC-479 BC)was a famous educator and philosopher in ancient China.His thoughts deeply influenced later generations.6.Footprints of History Twenty-nine colossal burning footprints symbolize 29 Olympiads.6.1 Twenty-nine colossal footprints rise to the sky in a series of fireworks.At a rate of one “footprint” per second, 29 of them march along Beijing's central axis from Tian'anmen Square all the way to the Olympic Green and the National Stadium, symbolizing the path of the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and their arrival.6.2 The footprints consist of fireworks, representing the invention of gunpowder, one of the four great inventions in ancient China.7.Olympic Rings The footprints change into clusters of falling stars, which gather to form the Olympic rings.7.1 The “footprints” pass through Tian'anmen Square and head north, with the last “footprint” exploding over the National Stadium, showering the Olympic venue with clusters of falling stars, which gather to form the five Olympic rings.7.2 Twenty graceful fairies float towards the ground and cluster around the Olympic rings, manifesting beauty and romance.Their costumes glow with light.8.Entry of the Chinese National Flag Eight flag bearers carry the flag into the Stadium horizontally and solemnly display the Chinese national flag.A child sings A Hymn to My Country.Fifty-six children representing each of the 56 Chinese ethnic groups cluster around the Chinese national flag.9.Raising the National Flag and Singing the National Anthem The flag guards raise the national flag of the People's Republic of China.A 224-member chorus sings the national anthem of the People's Republic of China.The national anthem chorus consists of performers from 56 Chinese ethnic groups.开幕式文艺表演：《美丽的奥林匹克》上篇：《灿烂文明》

画卷

随着一个短片的开始，我们将看到一幅跨越时空，意境优美的中国画卷，它讲述着博大厚重、意蕴悠远的中国故事，全世界的朋友都会领略优雅的东方神韵，了解悠久的中国文化，感受中国的现代 魅力。

画面中呈现的是散发着中国古典韵味的文房四宝，笔墨纸砚，在清雅的古琴声中，我们看到了一幅画作产生的完整过程，纸张制作、墨墨着色，装裱成轴，今晚的故事将从这幅飘逸婀娜，变化万千 的中国画卷开始。

影像中的画卷神奇地出现在场地中间，这幅长达70米的巨大卷轴在我们面前缓缓铺陈开来。琴声悠扬，水磨浸染，充满中国古典艺术的淡雅神韵。画卷上，墨迹漫卷，流淌击暖，依次呈现出演化、陶瓷、青铜器等在中国文化起源和发展过程中极具代表性的文化符号。一席黑衣的舞蹈演员来到画卷之上，用肢体做墨迹，表现中国水墨画的洒脱写意，随着舞蹈演员的动作，洁白的画纸上出现起伏回 旋的墨色线条。

清雅的旋律来到这张有着一千多年的古琴，这张名为“太古遗音”的古琴在琴弦波动中，体现出中国文化底蕴的渊源流长。中国水墨画讲求以形写神，不拘泥于神似，更讲求神韵，舞蹈演员独特的肢 体语言，正体现出中国水墨画特有的意趣和韵味。

此刻，画作完成，原本不存在地上的画纸，被凌空提起，一幅山峦交错，起伏连绵的水墨画呈现在眼前。

文字

中国汉字是世界上最古老的文字之一，古老的汉字承载着中华文明久远深邃的历史，在这一篇章的表演中，我们将看到中国汉字的魅力。此刻孔子的三千弟子手持竹简高声吟诵，缓缓步入场内，《 论语》中经典名句响彻耳畔。

完整的巨幅画卷中间，魔幻出现了立体活字印刷体，方板汉字凹凸起伏，不断地变化。整个活字印刷板如微风拂过，层峦叠嶂，如水波涌动，此消彼涨，充满动感的表演，将为我们呈现中国汉字的

演化过程。活字印刷板中间出现了中国古代的“和”字，第二个古体的“和”字出现。此刻我们看到了现代字体的“和”，一个和字荏苒千年，发展变化，表达了孔子的人文理念和为贵，彰显出中华民族的和

谐观，历史悠久，传统优良。此刻巨大的活字印刷板变化出万里长城的雄伟之姿，这座人类文明史上最伟大的建筑工程之一，是中国古代劳动人民勇气和智慧的结晶，象征中华民族坚强不屈的脊梁。

无数立体的桃花出现在活字印刷板的顶端，雄伟的长城形象被优美的桃花覆盖，让人瞬间置身于满园春色，和谐浪漫的桃花仙境，表达中国人热爱和平的美好心愿。

戏曲

中国戏曲历史悠久，品种繁多。热闹的锣鼓声为我们带来了中国传统戏曲的表演，中国广阔的地域成就了诸多的戏曲种类，大家熟悉国粹京剧，表演丰富，历史悠久，被世人称为东方歌剧。华丽的

活动戏台，在数千名演员的簇拥下，来到场中，京剧扮相的提线木偶，做工考究，工艺精制，他们活灵活现地表现着戏剧舞台上传达意境和神韵。

丝路

这场名为“丝路”的表演，表现的是中国古代陆路与海洋中的两条纽带，路上丝绸之路和海上丝绸之路的景象。广交朋友，互通有无，彼此学习，礼尚往来，中华民族热情友善的特质古来有之，两条

丝绸之路就是最好的印证。两千多年前，中国的商队就开始带着贵重的丝绸由长安出发，经河西走廊进入欧洲大陆，丝绸之路是中西方经济文化交流的重要通道。悬浮于半空中的画纸，此刻已幻化成辽

远无边的沙漠，敦煌舞者在沙漠之上轻步漫舞，引领我们展开一场友谊之旅。

近代的船桨把我们的思绪从风情多样的内陆带到了一望无际的海上，船桨连接，呈现出中国古老的航海形象，海上丝绸之路是古代中国与外国交通贸易和文化交往的海上通道。体育场的上方此时已

是波浪汹涌，场中的长幅画卷上也已经海浪滔天，船桨滑落，桨手们在波浪中搏斗，体现了中国人挑战自然的勇气与智慧。

礼乐

五幅中国长卷画，配以演员们的古典舞，再现了古代中国礼乐之邦的盛世气象。演员在演唱昆曲。昆曲是中国古老的传统艺术，已入选世界非物质文化遗产名录。地面上，是中国最有名的五幅长卷 画。它们分别来自唐、宋、元、明、清五大朝代。

文艺表演《美丽的奥林匹克》下篇：《辉煌时代》

星光

无垠的星光，浪漫的旋律，古老的画卷在新时代延展，寓意今天的生活更加幸福和谐。钢琴家和孩子弹奏出浪漫的旋律，迎来了崭新的时代。这是中国的青年钢琴家郎朗，和郎朗一起弹琴的这个小

女孩只有5岁，她从4岁开始学琴。古老的画卷在无垠的星光中延展。现代部分的表演，从黑白跳跃到彩色，风格绚丽，无数舞者受了色彩的吸引，而汇聚到画卷中间。场地中的绿衣使者闪耀光芒，为我

们绘制一幅星光画作。呈现在观众面前的是巨大的星光和平鸽，鸽子是和平、友谊、圣洁的象征，今晚我们放飞这只散发着光芒的和平鸽，愿它能向全世界传递来自中国的友好情谊。在鸟巢上飘来一只 风筝，就让我们祝福他们梦想能够乘风飞翔。

自然：

太极的表演体现了传统与未来的交融，表现了人与自然和谐相处，达到天人合一的境界。太极拳是中国武术中最有代表性的一种拳路。它的特点是“动静结合、刚柔相济”。

多媒体形式的表演，生动地表现了中国功夫古老的哲学观念：人与自然的和谐。“飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天。”这是唐代诗人李白名句的诗意表达。

太极八卦图像征着天、地、雷、风、水、火、山、泽八种自然现象，衍生了世间万物的变化。2008名太极演员排成圆阵。在中国传统的观念中，圆为大，为圆满。

孩子们用色彩的画笔描绘美丽的大自然，用纯真的童心播种绿色的希望，就让我们一起努力，实现诺言，交给世界一个绿色奥运。

此时孩子们收起画笔，数千名太极拳表演者也仿佛受到了某种力量的吸引，屏息注目，转瞬之间，鸟巢上方涌现出无数的飞鸟，仿佛在告诉我们，这里就是他们眷恋的绿色家园。

梦想：

此刻一颗梦幻般的蓝色星球冉冉升起，徐徐旋转，这是我们共有的家园。我们想邀请地球上每个角落，邀请每个能够听到我们声音的朋友都来分享我们的梦想，奥运的梦想！

我们身处同一个世界，我们拥有同一个梦想，梦想团结，梦想发展，梦想团圆，拥抱世界。

主题歌演唱《我和你》（演唱者：刘欢、莎拉·布莱曼）10.Art Performance “Beautiful Olympics”--Prelude Synopsis: The video screens in the stadium play a short film before the artistic performance begins.The short film artistically describes the process of creating a Chinese scroll painting, beginning with papermaking and showing the four treasures of study, to coloring, mounting the painting and affixing the scrolls.The film is an indication of the overall aesthetic style of the ensuing artistic performance.11.Painting Scroll Synopsis: The “painting scroll” shows the origin and development of China's history and culture.11.1 A Chinese painting scroll opens in the center of the stadium and serves as the stage for the evening's performances.11.2 A blank canvas is placed in the center of the painting scroll.Papermaking is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.11.3 A stream of cultural icons in China's historical advancement flows onto the painting scroll, including porcelain pottery and bronze vessels.11.4 The Guqin(ancient stringed instrument)used in the performance was created more than 1,000 years ago and is nicknamed the “Sounds of Utmost Antiquity.” 11.5 The unique body language of the performers contains the charm of Chinese ink and wash painting.The night's performances are kicked off with the black and white tone of Chinese ink and wash painting.11.6 The performers draw numerous “lucky” clouds on the paper.The clouds dissipate magically, leaving only the mountains, rivers and the sun.11.7 On the ground is the famous ancient Chinese painting “A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains.” 12.Writing Synopsis: Chinese characters are among the oldest scripts in the world and represent the long-standing history of Chinese civilization.12.1 The “three thousand disciples” of Confucius are Played by actors who chant the often quoted lines of Lunyu(the Analects)--“All those within the four seas can be considered brothers.” 12.2 The disciples are holding bamboo scrolls, which were a kind of book with scripts carved onto the individual bamboo strips.12.3 A performance of movable-type printing, one of the four great inventions of ancient China.12.4 The movable-type printing performance creates images of both ancient and modern fonts of the Chinese character.12.5 This is an ancient representation of the Chinese character “He,” which means harmony.12.6 This is another ancient representation of the Chinese character “He.” 12.7 This is a modern representation of the Chinese character “He.” All three character representations show not only the evolution of Chinese characters, but also the Confucian idea of humanism, that is, “Harmony is precious.” 12.8 The Great Wall is demonstrated by smooth lines, both concise and vivid.12.9 A sea of peach blossoms romantically demonstrates the good wishes of the peace-loving Chinese people.12.10 All 897 performers have trained for more than 10 months.Each person has a unique movement sequence, which can be accomplished only with a good memory and diligent practice.13.Opera 13.1 This is the percussion performance of traditional Peking Opera of China.As China has a vast territory with people speaking numerous dialects, hundreds of traditional operas have been derived.13.2 This operatic percussion performance depicts a festive scene of terracotta soldiers' triumphant return.14.Silk Road 14.1 The performers advance, carrying a canvas.On the ground is the map of the “Silk Road” and the cultural symbols along the road.14.2 The Silk Road, well known far and near, existed more than 2,000 years ago, when trade caravans of China set out from Chang'an(today's Xi'an of Shaanxi Province)with expensive silk, crossed the Hexi Corridor and entered the European continent.Hence, the Silk Road became an important passage for economic and cultural exchanges between China and Western countries.14.3 The “Maritime Silk Route” shows the grandeur of Zheng He's voyage to the West.14.4 More than 600 years ago, under the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He led seven shipping fleets with 27,000 people on board on a long voyage starting from Quanzhou of China and arrived in Western Asia and Eastern Africa, thus creating the well-known “Maritime Silk Route.” 14.5 The performer holds an ancient compass, one of the four great inventions of ancient China, in his hand.15.Music 15.1 The actor is singing Kunqu, which is an ancient and traditional art form that has entered the world list of intangible cultural heritage.15.2 On the ground are five of China's most famous paintings, finished respectively in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.16.Starlight 16.1 Renowned pianist Lang Lang and a young child, five-year-old Li Muzi, play a romantic tune together, welcoming a brand-new age.Li began studying the piano at the age of 4.16.2 The ancient paintings extend in the endless starlight, indicating the more splendid age of today.16.3 The color tone for the modern performance turns from black and white to bright colors.16.4 One thousand performers build a “bird's nest,” towards which a lovely kite flies from the sky.17.Nature 17.1 Taijiquan is the most representative forms of shadow boxing in Chinese martial arts, characterized by the “combination of the dynamic and static and the interdependence of hardness and softness.” 17.2 The multimedia performance demonstrates the ancient traditional philosophical concept in Chinese martial arts: the relationship between man and nature.17.3 “The torrent dropping three thousand feet/Straight down to the valley floor/I think it must be the Milky Way/Spilling to the earth from the heavens.” The poetic flavor of the famous lines by Li Bai, a poet during the Tang Dynasty, is expressed in a performance.17.4 The Eight Diagrams of Taiji symbolize eight natural phenomena that bring out changes in all things on earth and include heaven, earth, thunder, wind, water, fire, mountain and lake.17.5 A total of 2,008 Taiji performers form a circle, which means grandness and consummation in the traditional Chinese concept.The present array is called “Round Heaven and Square Earth.” 17.6 The children are coloring the ancient Chinese paintings of nature green, expressing the idea of environmental protection which is also the key concept of Taiji--unity of man and nature.18.Dream 18.1 It took more than one year to design, construct and install the gigantic elevating Globe.18.2 The actors run, seemingly free from gravity, on nine rings covered with an Olympic torch cloud pattern, full of magical fantasy and bravery.18.3 The actors have trained for more than 10 months in order to complete the difficult movements.The performers on the lower half of the Globe are running downwards.18.4 The theme song “You and Me” is performed by Sarah Brightman of Britain and Liu Huan of China atop the Globe.18.5 The several thousand students entering the field now are all volunteers for the Beijing Olympic Games.18.6 The thousands of children's smiling faces from throughout the world were collected by BOCOG over a span of a year.18.7 Fireworks form 2008 “smiling faces” in the sky.Performers representing 56 Chinese ethnic groups dance joyously to greet all the athletes.18.8 Orchestras from five continents warm up to perform during the Parade of Athletes.

第五篇：Obama开学演讲中英文稿

THE WHITE HOUSE

Office of the Press Secretary ___________________________________________________________________________ For Immediate Release September 8, 2009 REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT IN A NATIONAL ADDRESS TO AMERICA'S SCHOOLCHILDREN

Wakefield High School Arlington, Virginia 12:06 P.M.EDT THE PRESIDENT: Hello, everybody!Thank you.Thank you.Thank you, everybody.All right, everybody go ahead and have a seat.How is everybody doing today?(Applause.)How about Tim Spicer?(Applause.)I am here with students at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Virginia.And we've got students tuning in from all across America, from kindergarten through 12th grade.And I am just so glad that all could join us today.And I want to thank Wakefield for being such an outstanding host.Give yourselves a big round of applause.(Applause.)I know that for many of you, today is the first day of school.And for those of you in kindergarten, or starting middle or high school, it's your first day in a new school, so it's understandable if you're a little nervous.I imagine there are some seniors out there who are feeling pretty good right now--(applause)--with just one more year to go.And no matter what grade you're in, some of you are probably wishing it were still summer and you could've stayed in bed just a little bit longer this morning.I know that feeling.When I was young, my family lived overseas.I lived in Indonesia for a few years.And my mother, she didn't have the money to send me where all the American kids went to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with an American education.So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself, Monday through Friday.But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning.Now, as you might imagine, I wasn't too happy about getting up that early.And a lot of times, I'd fall asleep right there at the kitchen table.But whenever I'd complain, my mother would just give me one of those looks and she'd say, “This is no picnic for me either, buster.”(Laughter.)So I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school.But I'm here today because I have something important to discuss with you.I'm here because I want to talk with you about your education and what's expected of all of you in this new school year.Now, I've given a lot of speeches about education.And I've talked about responsibility a lot.I've talked about teachers' responsibility for inspiring students and pushing you to learn.I've talked about your parents' responsibility for making sure you stay on track, and you get your homework done, and don't spend every waking hour in front of the TV or with the Xbox.I've talked a lot about your government's responsibility for setting high standards, and supporting teachers and principals, and turning around schools that aren't working, where students aren't getting the opportunities that they deserve.But at the end of the day, we can have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, the best schools in the world--and none of it will make a difference, none of it will matter unless all of you fulfill your responsibilities, unless you show up to those schools, unless you pay attention to those teachers, unless you listen to your parents and grandparents and other adults and put in the hard work it takes to succeed.That's what I want to focus on today: the responsibility each of you has for your education.I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself.Every single one of you has something that you're good at.Every single one of you has something to offer.And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is.That's the opportunity an education can provide.Maybe you could be a great writer--maybe even good enough to write a book or articles in a newspaper--but you might not know it until you write that English paper--that English class paper that's assigned to you.Maybe you could be an innovator or an inventor--maybe even good enough to come up with the next iPhone or the new medicine or vaccine--but you might not know it until you do your project for your science class.Maybe you could be a mayor or a senator or a Supreme Court justice--but you might not know that until you join student government or the debate team.And no matter what you want to do with your life, I guarantee that you'll need an education to do it.You want to be a doctor, or a teacher, or a police officer? You want to be a nurse or an architect, a lawyer or a member of our military? You're going to need a good education for every single one of those careers.You cannot drop out of school and just drop into a good job.You've got to train for it and work for it and learn for it.And this isn't just important for your own life and your own future.What you make of your education will decide nothing less than the future of this country.The future of America depends on you.What you're learning in school today will determine whether we as a nation can meet our greatest challenges in the future.You'll need the knowledge and problem-solving skills you learn in science and math to cure diseases like cancer and AIDS, and to develop new energy technologies and protect our environment.You'll need the insights and critical-thinking skills you gain in history and social studies to fight poverty and homelessness, crime and discrimination, and make our nation more fair and more free.You'll need the creativity and ingenuity you develop in all your classes to build new companies that will create new jobs and boost our economy.We need every single one of you to develop your talents and your skills and your intellect so you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems.If you don't do that--if you quit on school--you're not just quitting on yourself, you're quitting on your country.Now, I know it's not always easy to do well in school.I know a lot of you have challenges in your lives right now that can make it hard to focus on your schoolwork.I get it.I know what it's like.My father left my family when I was two years old, and I was raised by a single mom who had to work and who struggled at times to pay the bills and wasn't always able to give us the things that other kids had.There were times when I missed having a father in my life.There were times when I was lonely and I felt like I didn't fit in.So I wasn't always as focused as I should have been on school, and I did some things I'm not proud of, and I got in more trouble than I should have.And my life could have easily taken a turn for the worse.But I was--I was lucky.I got a lot of second chances, and I had the opportunity to go to college and law school and follow my dreams.My wife, our First Lady Michelle Obama, she has a similar story.Neither of her parents had gone to college, and they didn't have a lot of money.But they worked hard, and she worked hard, so that she could go to the best schools in this country.Some of you might not have those advantages.Maybe you don't have adults in your life who give you the support that you need.Maybe someone in your family has lost their job and there's not enough money to go around.Maybe you live in a neighborhood where you don't feel safe, or have friends who are pressuring you to do things you know aren't right.But at the end of the day, the circumstances of your life--what you look like, where you come from, how much money you have, what you've got going on at home--none of that is an excuse for neglecting your homework or having a bad attitude in school.That's no excuse for talking back to your teacher, or cutting class, or dropping out of school.There is no excuse for not trying.Where you are right now doesn't have to determine where you'll end up.No one's written your destiny for you, because here in America, you write your own destiny.You make your own future.That's what young people like you are doing every day, all across America.Young people like Jazmin Perez, from Roma, Texas.Jazmin didn't speak English when she first started school.Neither of her parents had gone to college.But she worked hard, earned good grades, and got a scholarship to Brown University--is now in graduate school, studying public health, on her way to becoming Dr.Jazmin Perez.I'm thinking about Andoni Schultz, from Los Altos, California, who's fought brain cancer since he was three.He's had to endure all sorts of treatments and surgeries, one of which affected his memory, so it took him much longer--hundreds of extra hours--to do his schoolwork.But he never fell behind.He's headed to college this fall.And then there's Shantell Steve, from my hometown of Chicago, Illinois.Even when bouncing from foster home to foster home in the toughest neighborhoods in the city, she managed to get a job at a local health care center, start a program to keep young people out of gangs, and she's on track to graduate high school with honors and go on to college.And Jazmin, Andoni, and Shantell aren't any different from any of you.They face challenges in their lives just like you do.In some cases they've got it a lot worse off than many of you.But they refused to give up.They chose to take responsibility for their lives, for their education, and set goals for themselves.And I expect all of you to do the same.That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education--and do everything you can to meet them.Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time each day reading a book.Maybe you'll decide to get involved in an extracurricular activity, or volunteer in your community.Maybe you'll decide to stand up for kids who are being teased or bullied because of who they are or how they look, because you believe, like I do, that all young people deserve a safe environment to study and learn.Maybe you'll decide to take better care of yourself so you can be more ready to learn.And along those lines, by the way, I hope all of you are washing your hands a lot, and that you stay home from school when you don't feel well, so we can keep people from getting the flu this fall and winter.But whatever you resolve to do, I want you to commit to it.I want you to really work at it.I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work--that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star.Chances are you're not going to be any of those things.The truth is, being successful is hard.You won't love every subject that you study.You won't click with every teacher that you have.Not every homework assignment will seem completely relevant to your life right at this minute.And you won't necessarily succeed at everything the first time you try.That's okay.Some of the most successful people in the world are the ones who've had the most failures.J.K.Rowling's--who wrote Harry Potter--her first Harry Potter book was rejected 12 times before it was finally published.Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team.He lost hundreds of games and missed thousands of shots during his career.But he once said, “I have failed over and over and over again in my life.And that's why I succeed.” These people succeeded because they understood that you can't let your failures define you--you have to let your failures teach you.You have to let them show you what to do differently the next time.So if you get into trouble, that doesn't mean you're a troublemaker, it means you need to try harder to act right.If you get a bad grade, that doesn't mean you're stupid, it just means you need to spend more time studying.No one's born being good at all things.You become good at things through hard work.You're not a varsity athlete the first time you play a new sport.You don't hit every note the first time you sing a song.You've got to practice.The same principle applies to your schoolwork.You might have to do a math problem a few times before you get it right.You might have to read something a few times before you understand it.You definitely have to do a few drafts of a paper before it's good enough to hand in.Don't be afraid to ask questions.Don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it.I do that every day.Asking for help isn't a sign of weakness, it's a sign of strength because it shows you have the courage to admit when you don't know something, and that then allows you to learn something new.So find an adult that you trust--a parent, a grandparent or teacher, a coach or a counselor--and ask them to help you stay on track to meet your goals.And even when you're struggling, even when you're discouraged, and you feel like other people have given up on you, don't ever give up on yourself, because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country.The story of America isn't about people who quit when things got tough.It's about people who kept going, who tried harder, who loved their country too much to do anything less than their best.It's the story of students who sat where you sit 250 years ago, and went on to wage a revolution and they founded this nation.Young people.Students who sat where you sit 75 years ago who overcame a Depression and won a world war;who fought for civil rights and put a man on the moon.Students who sat where you sit 20 years ago who founded Google and Twitter and Facebook and changed the way we communicate with each other.So today, I want to ask all of you, what's your contribution going to be? What problems are you going to solve? What discoveries will you make? What will a President who comes here in 20 or 50 or 100 years say about what all of you did for this country? Now, your families, your teachers, and I are doing everything we can to make sure you have the education you need to answer these questions.I'm working hard to fix up your classrooms and get you the books and the equipment and the computers you need to learn.But you've got to do your part, too.So I expect all of you to get serious this year.I expect you to put your best effort into everything you do.I expect great things from each of you.So don't let us down.Don't let your family down or your country down.Most of all, don't let yourself down.Make us all proud.Thank you very much, everybody.God bless you.God bless America.Thank you.(Applause.)END 12:22 P.M.EDT

Anderson, thank you very much.I think most Americans understand that our country today faces a series of unprecedented crises.The middle class of this country for the last 40 years has been disappearing.Millions of Americans are working longer hours for lower wages.And yet almost all of the new income and wealth being created is going to the top one percent.As a result of this disastrous Citizens United Supreme Court decision, our campaign system is corrupt and is undermining American democracy.Millionaires and billionaires are pouring out of unbelievable money into the political process in order to fund PACs and to elect candidates who represent their interests, not the interests of the working people.Today, the scientific community is virtually unanimous that the climate change is real, it is caused by human activity.And we have a moral responsibility to transform our energy system away from fossil fuel to energy efficiency and sustainable energy and leave a habitable planet for our children and our grandchildren.Today in America we have more people in jail than any other country on earth.African-American youth unemployment is 51 percent.Hispanic youth unemployment is 36 percent.It seems to me that instead of building more jails and providing more incarceration, maybe-just maybe-we should be putting money into education and jobs for our kids.What this campaign is about is to mobilize our people to take back our government from a handful of billionaires and create a vibrant democracy.We know we can and should have.Thank you.Global Citizen I want to introduce you an amazing woman and her name is Davinia.Davinia was born in Jamaica, emigrated to the US at the age of 18 and now she lives just outside of the Washington DC.She is not a high-powedr political staffer, nor is a lobbyist.She probably tells you she’s quite unremarkable.But she’s having the most inredible impact.What’s incredible about Davinia is that she is willing to spend every single week focusing on people not her, people not her in her neighborhood.