TED演讲:美妙生活的三个秘诀

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第一篇:TED演讲:美妙生活的三个秘诀

美妙生活的三个秘诀

So the Awesome story: It begins about 40 years ago, when my mom and my dad came toCanada.My mom left Nairobi, Kenya.My dad left a small village outside of Amritsar, India.And theygot here in the late 1960s.They settled in a shady suburb about an hour east of Toronto, andthey settled into a new life.They saw their first dentist, they ate their first hamburger, and theyhad their first kids.My sister and I grew up here, and we had quiet, happy childhoods.We hadclose family, good friends, a quiet street.We grew up taking for granted a lot of the things that myparents couldn't take for granted when they grew up--things like power always on in our houses,things like schools across the street and hospitals down the road and popsicles in the backyard.We grew up, and we grew older.I went to high school.I graduated.I moved out of the house, Igot a job, I found a girl, I settled down--and I realize it sounds like a bad sitcom or a Cat Stevens'song--(Laughter)but life was pretty good.Life was pretty good.2006 was a great year.Under clear blue skies in Julyin the wine region of Ontario, I got married, surrounded by 150 family and friends.2007 was agreat year.I graduated from school, and I went on a road trip with two of my closest friends.Here's a picture of me and my friend, Chris, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean.We actually sawseals out of our car window, and we pulled over to take a quick picture of them and then blockedthem with our giant heads.(Laughter)So you can't actually see them, but it was breathtaking,believe me.(Laughter)2008 and 2009 were a little tougher.I know that they were tougher for a lot of people, not justme.First of all, the news was so heavy.It's still heavy now, and it was heavy before that, but whenyou flipped open a newspaper, when you turned on the TV, it was about ice caps melting, warsgoing on around the world, earthquakes, hurricanes and an economy that was wobbling on thebrink of collapse, and then eventually did collapse, and so many of us losing our homes, or ourjobs, or our retirements, or our livelihoods.2008, 2009 were heavy years for me for anotherreason, too.I was going through a lot of personal problems at the time.My marriage wasn't goingwell, and we just were growing further and further apart.One day my wife came home from workand summoned the courage, through a lot of tears, to have a very honest conversation.And shesaid, “I don't love you anymore,” and it was one of the most painful things I'd ever heard andcertainly the most heartbreaking thing I'd ever heard, until only a month later, when I heardsomething even more heartbreaking.My friend Chris, who I just showed you a picture of, had been battling mental illness for some time.And for those of you whose lives have been touched by mental illness, you know how challengingit can be.I spoke to him on the phone at 10:30 p.m.on a Sunday night.We talked about the TVshow we watched that evening.And Monday morning, I found out that he disappeared.Verysadly, he took his own life.And it was a really heavy time.And as these dark clouds were circling me, and I was finding it really, really difficult to think ofanything good, I said to myself that I really needed a way to focus on the positive somehow.So Icame home from work one night, and I logged onto the computer, and I started up a tiny websitecalled 1000awesomethings.com.I was trying to remind myself of the simple, universal, littlepleasures that we all love, but we just don't talk about enough--things like waiters and waitresseswho bring you free refills without asking, being the first table to get called up to the dinner buffet ata wedding, wearing warm underwear from just out of the dryer, or when cashiers open up a newcheck-out lane at the grocery store and you get to be first in line--even if you were last at theother line, swoop right in there.(Laughter)And slowly over time, I started putting myself in a better mood.I mean, 50,000 blogs are started aday, and so my blog was just one of those 50,000.And nobody read it except for my mom.Although I should say that my traffic did skyrocket and go up by 100 percent when she forwardedit to my dad.(Laughter)And then I got excited when it started getting tens of hits, and then Istarted getting excited when it started getting dozens and then hundreds and then thousands andthen millions.It started getting bigger and bigger and bigger.And then I got a phone call, and thevoice at the other end of the line said, “You've just won the Best Blog In the World award.” I waslike, that sounds totally fake.(Laughter)(Applause)Which African country do you want me to wireall my money to?(Laughter)But it turns out, I jumped on a plane, and I ended up walking a redcarpet between Sarah Silverman and Jimmy Fallon and Martha Stewart.And I went onstage toaccept a Webby award for Best Blog.And the surprise and just the amazement of that was onlyovershadowed by my return to Toronto, when, in my inbox, 10 literary agents were waiting forme to talk about putting this into a book.Flash-forward to the next year and “The Book ofAwesome” has now been number one on the bestseller list for 20 straight weeks.(Applause)But look, I said I wanted to do three things with you today.I said I wanted to tell you theAwesome story, I wanted to share with you the three As of Awesome, and I wanted to leave youwith a closing thought.So let's talk about those three As.Over the last few years, I haven't hadthat much time to really think.But lately I have had the opportunity to take a step back and askmyself: “What is it over the last few years that helped me grow my website, but also growmyself?” And I've summarized those things, for me personally, as three As.They are Attitude,Awareness and Authenticity.I'd love to just talk about each one briefly.So Attitude: Look, we're all going to get lumps, and we're all going to get bumps.None of us canpredict the future, but we do know one thing about it and that's that it ain't gonna go accordingto plan.We will all have high highs and big days and proud moments of smiles on graduationstages, father-daughter dances at weddings and healthy babies screeching in the delivery room,but between those high highs, we may also have some lumps and some bumps too.It's sad, andit's not pleasant to talk about, but your husband might leave you, your girlfriend could cheat, yourheadaches might be more serious than you thought, or your dog could get hit by a car on thestreet.It's not a happy thought, but your kids could get mixed up in gangs or bad scenes.Yourmom could get cancer, your dad could get mean.And there are times in life when you will betossed in the well, too, with twists in your stomach and with holes in your heart, and when thatbad news washes over you, and when that pain sponges and soaks in, I just really hope you feellike you've always got two choices.One, you can swirl and twirl and gloom and doom forever, ortwo, you can grieve and then face the future with newly sober eyes.Having a great attitude isabout choosing option number two, and choosing, no matter how difficult it is, no matter whatpain hits you, choosing to move forward and move on and take baby steps into the future.The second “A” is Awareness.I love hanging out with three year-olds.I love the way that they seethe world, because they're seeing the world for the first time.I love the way that they can stare ata bug crossing the sidewalk.I love the way that they'll stare slack-jawed at their first baseball gamewith wide eyes and a mitt on their hand, soaking in the crack of the bat and the crunch of thepeanuts and the smell of the hotdogs.I love the way that they'll spend hours picking dandelions inthe backyard and putting them into a nice centerpiece for Thanksgiving dinner.I love the way thatthey see the world, because they're seeing the world for the first time.Having a sense ofawareness is just about embracing your inner three year-old.Because you all used to be threeyears old.That three-year-old boy is still part of you.That three-year-old girl is still part of you.They're in there.And being aware is just about remembering that you saw everything you've seenfor the first time once, too.So there was a time when it was your first time ever hitting a string ofgreen lights on the way home from work.There was the first time you walked by the open door ofa bakery and smelt the bakery air, or the first time you pulled a 20-dollar bill out of your old jacketpocket and said, “Found money.” The last “A” is Authenticity.And for this one, I want to tell you a quick story.Let's go all the wayback to 1932 when, on a peanut farm in Georgia, a little baby boy named Roosevelt Grier wasborn.Roosevelt Grier, or Rosey Grier, as people used to call him, grew up and grew into a 300-pound, six-foot-five linebacker in the NFL.He's number 76 in the picture.Here he is pictured withthe “fearsome foursome.” These were four guys on the L.A.Rams in the 1960s you did not wantto go up against.They were tough football players doing what they love, which was crushing skullsand separating shoulders on the football field.But Rosey Grier also had another passion.In hisdeeply authentic self, he also loved needlepoint.(Laughter)He loved knitting.He said that it calmedhim down, it relaxed him, it took away his fear of flying and helped him meet chicks.That's what hesaid.I mean, he loved it so much that, after he retired from the NFL, he started joining clubs.Andhe even put out a book called “Rosey Grier's Needlepoint for Men.”

(Laughter)(Applause)It's agreat cover.If you notice, he's actually needlepointing his own face.(Laughter)And so what I love about this story is that Rosey Grier is just such an authentic person, and that'swhat authenticity is all about.It's just about being you and being cool with that.And I think whenyou're authentic, you end up following your heart, and you put yourself in places and situationsand in conversations that you love and that you enjoy.You meet people that you like talking to.You go places you've dreamt about.And you end you end up following your heart and feelingvery fulfilled.So those are the three A's.For the closing thought, I want to take you all the way back to my parents coming to Canada.Idon't know what it would feel like coming to a new country when you're in your mid-20s.I don'tknow, because I never did it, but I would imagine that it would take a great attitude.I wouldimagine that you'd have to be pretty aware of your surroundings and appreciating the smallwonders that you're starting to see in your new world.And I think you'd have to be reallyauthentic, you'd have to be really true to yourself in order to get through what you're beingexposed to.I'd like to pause my TEDTalk for about 10 seconds right now, because you don't get manyopportunities in life to do something like this, and my parents are sitting in the front row.So Iwanted to ask them to, if they don't mind, stand up.And I just wanted to say thank you to youguys.(Applause)When I was growing up, my dad used to love telling the story of his first day in Canada.And it's agreat story, because what happened was he got off the plane at the Toronto airport, and he waswelcomed by a non-profit group, which I'm sure someone in this room runs.(Laughter)And thisnon-profit group had a big welcoming lunch for all the new immigrants to Canada.And my dadsays he got off the plane and he went to this lunch and there was this huge spread.There wasbread, there was those little, mini dill pickles, there was olives, those little white onions.There wasrolled up turkey cold cuts, rolled up ham cold cuts, rolled up roast beef cold cuts and little cubes ofcheese.There was tuna salad sandwiches and egg salad sandwiches and salmon salad sandwiches.There was lasagna, there was casseroles, there was brownies, there was butter tarts, and there waspies, lots and lots of pies.And when my dad tells the story, he says, “The craziest thing was, I'dnever seen any of that before, except bread.(Laughter)I didn't know what was meat, what wasvegetarian.I was eating olives with pie.(Laughter)I just couldn't believe how many things you canget here.”(Laughter)When I was five years old, my dad used to take me grocery shopping, and he would stare inwonder at the little stickers that are on the fruits and vegetables.He would say, “Look, can youbelieve they have a mango here from Mexico? They've got an apple here from South Africa.Canyou believe they've got a date from Morocco?” He's like, “Do you know where Morocco even is?”And I'd say, “I'm five.I don't even know where I am.Is this A&P?” And he'd say, “I don't knowwhere Morocco is either, but let's find out.” And so we'd buy the date, and we'd go home.Andwe'd actually take an atlas off the shelf, and we'd flip through until we found this mysteriouscountry.And when we did, my dad would say, “Can you believe someone climbed a tree overthere, picked this thing off it, put it in a truck, drove it all the way to the docks and then sailed it allthe way across the Atlantic Ocean and then put it in another truck and drove that all the way to atiny grocery store just outside our house, so they could sell it to us for 25 cents?” And I'd say, “Idon't believe that.” And he's like, “I don't believe it either.Things are amazing.There's just so manythings to be happy about.” When I stop to think about it, he's absolutely right.There are so many things to be happy about.We are the only species on the only life-giving rock in the entire universe that we've ever seen,capable of experiencing so many of these things.I mean, we're the only ones with architectureand agriculture.We're the only ones with jewelry and democracy.We've got airplanes, highwaylanes, interior design and horoscope signs.We've got fashion magazines, house party scenes.Youcan watch a horror movie with monsters.You can go to a concert and hear guitars jamming.We've got books, buffets and radio waves, wedding brides and rollercoaster rides.You can sleep inclean sheets.You can go to the movies and get good seats.You can smell bakery air, walk aroundwith rain hair, pop bubble wrap or take an illegal nap.We've got all that, but we've only got 100 years to enjoy it.And that's the sad part.The cashiersat your grocery store, the foreman at your plant, the guy tailgating you home on the highway,the telemarketer calling you during dinner, every teacher you've ever had, everyone that's everwoken up beside you, every politician in every country, every actor in every movie, every singleperson in your family, everyone you love, everyone in this room and you will be dead in a hundredyears.Life is so great that we only get such a short time to experience and enjoy all those tiny littlemoments that make it so sweet.And that moment is right now, and those moments are countingdown, and those moments are always, always, always fleeting.You will never be as young as you are right now.And that's why I believe that if you live your lifewith a great attitude, choosing to move forward and move on whenever life deals you a blow,living with a sense of awareness of the world around you, embracing your inner three year-old andseeing the tiny joys that make life so sweet and being authentic to yourself, being you and beingcool with that, letting your heart lead you and putting yourself in experiences that satisfy you,then I think you'll live a life that is rich and is satisfying, and I think you'll live a life that is trulyawesome.Thank you.中文翻译:

这个美好的故事 开始于四十年前,我的父母来到加拿大。我母亲离开了肯尼亚内罗毕。我父亲离开了印度阿姆利则市外的一个小村庄。他们二十世纪60年代来到这里。他们在多伦多以东不远一个幽静的郊区住了下来。他们开始了一段新生活。他们第一次看了牙医,第一次吃到汉堡包,第一次有了自己的儿女。我和我妹妹 在这里长大,我们的童年恬静而美满。我们的家庭很融洽,有许多好友,生活的街区很安静。我们在成长的过程中 忽略了许多我们父母年轻时 无法忽视的事情- 譬如,我们家的电 从来没断过,学校就在街对面,街的尽头就是医院,在家后院就能买到冰棒。我们慢慢长大了,我上了高中,毕了业,离开了家,找到一份工作,遇到了心仪的女孩,成家立业- 我感觉这就像是一部拙劣的幽默剧或凯特·斯蒂文斯的歌(英国歌手,后皈依伊斯兰教)。(众人笑)

但还是生活非常美满的。非常美满。2006年意义不同寻常。在安大略葡萄酒产区的晴空之下,我结婚了,150多位亲友到场庆贺。2007年也不平凡。我从大学毕业了,我和两位最亲密的朋友结伴旅行。这是我和朋友克里斯,我们站在太平洋海岸边上。我们从车窗里看到了海豹,于是停下车跟它们合影,结果,我们俩的大头把它们都挡住了。(众人笑)所以你们都看不到它们,当时我们都激动万分,说实话。(众人笑)

2008年和2009年,生活开始不太如意了。我知道,并不是只有我的生活不如意,有些人的境遇更糟。首先,新闻报道让人忧心忡忡。现在的情况也是如此,每当你翻开报纸,打开电视,你会看到冰盖在消融,世界各地战争不断,地震,飓风,某国的经济正处在崩溃的边缘,后来真的崩溃了,我们中许多人失去了家园,失去了工作,无法安享晚年,失去了生计。2008,2009年我过得不顺利还有另一个原因。当时,我遇到了不少个人的问题。我的婚姻出现了危机,我和妻子之间越来越疏远。一天我妻子下班回到家,鼓起了勇气,泪流满面,和我开诚布公地进行了谈话。她说:“我已经不爱你了。” 那是我经历过的最痛苦的事,也是我听到过的最令人心碎的话。在这之后,仅过了一个月,我又得知了一个更令我痛心的消息。

我的至友克里斯,就是刚才照片上的那位,他患了精神上的疾病,苦苦挣扎了一段时间。在场若有人 曾经患过精神方面的疾病,你就能体会其中的痛苦。我在周日晚十点半 跟他通了电话,谈论了一下那天晚上看的电视节目,而就在第二天早上,我发现他失踪了。非常不幸的是,他结束了自己的生命。那段时间是如此难熬。我的头顶愁云密布,我竭尽全力 也无法振作起来。我告诉自己,我真的需要 让自己把注意力转移到积极面上。一天晚上,我下班回到家,打开电脑,我建立了一个小网站,将其命名为1000awesomethings.com(1000个美妙时刻)。我想要提醒自己,生活中有许多人人都喜爱的,简单而随处可见的小快乐,我们只是很少谈起这些快乐- 譬如,那些主动为你免费续杯的 餐馆服务员们,在一个婚礼上,你坐的那一桌 可以首先去选餐,穿上刚从烘干机里拿出来、还热乎的内衣,或者你在超市正好碰上刚上工的收银员开了一条新的付款通道,你现在排第一了--本来你排在最后一个,现在马上冲过去。(众人笑)

慢慢地,我的心情开始好转。你看,每天新增的博客 有五万个。我的博客就是这五万分之一。除了我母亲,没人读它。当然了,我母亲把博客地址转发给我父亲以后 我的点击量 翻了一翻。(众人笑)当点击量到了几十次,我开始兴奋了。当点击量超过了五十次 又到了几百次,接着到几千次,一直到了几百万次。数字一直在增大。最后我接到了一个电话,电话那头的声音告诉我: “您刚刚获得了最佳博客奖。” 我当时觉得这听起来太假了。(众人笑)(众人鼓掌)你想让我把所有存款转到哪个非洲国家的账户上啊?(众人笑)结果,我跳上了飞机,走上了红地毯,莎拉·斯尔福曼,吉米·法伦和玛莎.·斯图尔特(美国名人)相伴左右。我走上颁奖台,接受了Webby威比奖的最佳博客奖。那份惊喜 那种喜悦 直到我回到多伦多 查看邮件时才有所收敛,十位文稿代理人给我发邮件,等着跟我商讨把博文整理成书的事情。一转眼到了下一年,《美妙之书》 现已连续二十周成为最畅销书了。(众人鼓掌)

但是,今天我想告诉大家三件事。我想给你们讲这个美妙的故事,跟你们分享三个A打头的开心秘诀,最后给大家来个总结。先来谈谈这三个A吧。过去的几年里,我没有太多时间实实在在地去思考。而最近,我有机会坐下来 问我自己:在过去几年里 究竟是什么帮助我经营我的网站,并让自己更成熟? 我总结了其中的原因,对于我个人而言,那就是这三个A。它们是态度(attitude),知觉(awareness),和本真(authenticity)。我想简短地逐个介绍一下。态度(attitude): 我们每个人总有不顺利的时候,也都栽过跟头,没有人能预测未来,但是有一件事是肯定的,那就是“天有不测风云”。我们都快乐过,精彩过,得意过,在毕业典礼上灿烂一笑,在婚礼上父女共舞的时刻,以及健康的宝贝婴儿在产房里大声啼哭,然而,在这些快乐的时刻之间,难免穿插着一些令人不快的插曲。这些事情很伤感,令人不愿启齿,但是,你的丈夫可能会离你而去,你的女友可能会背叛你,你的头疼可能比想象中严重,你的狗可能会在大街上被车撞死。这些想法很扫兴,你的孩子有可能会加入帮派,或者做坏事。你的母亲肯能会患上癌症,你的父亲可能很暴力。在你的生活中总有那么几次,你会觉得自己陷入了绝境,万念俱灰,心如刀绞。当让那噩耗给你当头一棒,那痛苦蔓延全身,我真心希望 你能意识到你有两种选择。一是,你可以破罐破摔,自怨自艾,永远消沉下去,第二,你可以伤心,然后重新振作,直面未来。保持正确的态度就要选择第二项,不管这个选择多么困难,不管你心里承受了多少痛苦,你都要选择向前看,继续生活,一小步一小步地向未来迈进。

第二个A是知觉(awareness)。我喜欢和三岁的孩子玩。我很欣赏他们眼中的世界,在他们眼中的是一片崭新的世界。我喜欢他们看着一只小虫爬上人行道时专注的表情。喜欢他们第一次看棒球比赛时 如痴如醉盯着球场的神态,眼睛睁得大大的,手上还带着个棒球手套,在棒球的击打声,花生的嘎崩作响,以及热狗的香味中,自得其乐。我喜欢看他们在后院里采蒲公英,一采就是几个小时,然后把蒲公英做成感恩节晚餐餐桌上的 中心装饰。我欣赏他们眼中的世界,因为在他们眼里,世界是崭新的。拥有知觉 就是拥抱内心中三岁的你。因为你们都曾是三岁的孩子,那个三岁的小男孩,依然在你心里。那个三岁的小女孩,依然在你心里。他们在你的心里。去感知就是去记住 你眼中的世界 也曾是崭新的。你也曾经第一次 下班后,走运碰到一路绿灯。你也曾经第一次经过敞开门的面包店,闻到里面飘出来的香味儿,你也曾经从旧外套口袋里掏出一张20元纸币,说:“有钱啦。”

最后一个A是本真(authenticity)。对于本真,我有一个小故事跟大家讲。故事要追溯到1932年,在佐治亚州的一片花生田上,一个名叫罗斯福·格里尔的男孩降生了。罗斯福·格里尔,人称罗西·格里尔,长大成人后 成为了身高一米九六,体重一百三十六公斤的美国橄榄球联盟中后卫。这张照片上的76号就是他。他们四人就是著名的“所向披靡的四猛将”。他们在二十世纪六十年代效力于洛杉矶公羊队,这支球队令人闻风丧胆。这些彪悍的球员热衷于在球场上 撞击对手的脑袋,让对手肩膀脱臼。然而这样的罗西·格里尔 却有着另一个嗜好。在他的内心深处,他热爱刺绣。热爱针织。这刺绣能让他冷静,放松,让他忘记坐飞机时的恐惧还能帮他泡妞。这可是他说的。他太喜欢刺绣了,从联盟退役以后,他开始参加针织俱乐部。他还出了一本书,书名叫作《罗西·格里尔男式刺绣》(众人笑)(鼓掌)这封面非常棒。仔细看你会发现,他绣的是自己的脸。(众人笑)

我很喜欢这个故事 是因为罗西·格里尔 是个敢于流露真性情的人。这就是本真的意义所在。心安理得地做最真实的自己。我想,当你真实地做自己,你就会顺着自己的心意,不论在什么场合,与谁对话 你都会享受其中滋味。你会遇见跟自己合得来的人。你会去到自己做梦都想去的地方。你顺着自己的心意,最后感觉非常满足。这就是三个A。

最后的总结,我想带你们 回顾我父母来到加拿大的那段时光。我不知道那是种什么样的感觉,二十五六岁的光景,初来乍到一个陌生的国度。我不知道,因为我从未经历过。但我能想象,那肯定要求你有个很好的生活态度。我可以想象,在这个崭新的世界里,你必须感知周围的事物,欣赏那些给你惊喜的新鲜事物。我想你必须展现自己的本色,做真实的自己,才能应对新的生活。

我想把我的TED演讲 暂停10秒钟,因为人这一辈子没几次这样的机会了,我的父母就坐在第一排。如果他们不介意,我想请他们起立。我想向你们两位表示感谢。(众人鼓掌)

我小时候,我父亲很喜欢跟我讲 他第一天来到加拿大的故事。这个故事很有意思,因为 他刚从多伦多机场下了飞机,迎接他的是一个非营利性组织,我敢肯定在座的某位就是这个组织的领导。(众人笑)这个组织为所有加拿大新移民 备了欢迎午宴。我父亲说,他下了飞机,参加了这个午宴,那里长长的餐桌上摆满了美食。有面包,切碎的酱黄瓜,橄榄,白洋葱,冷切火鸡肉卷,冷切火腿卷,冷切牛肉卷,奶酪块,金枪鱼沙拉三明治,鸡蛋沙拉三明治,三文鱼沙拉三明治,肉酱炖面,砂锅什锦,布朗尼蛋糕,奶油蛋挞,还有很多馅饼,各种口味都有。我父亲讲起这个故事的时候,他总说: “最有意思的是,那些食物我从来没有见过,除了面包。”(众人笑)“我不知道什么是肉,什么是素食主义者; 我就着橄榄吃馅饼。”(众人笑)“我真不敢相信在这里你能得到这么多东西。”(众人笑)

我五岁的时候,我父亲带我去超市。他会惊奇地盯着 各种水果和蔬菜的标签。他会说:“瞧,你相信吗,这个芒果是墨西哥来的。这个苹果是从南非来的。你相信吗,他们居然还有摩洛哥来的椰枣!” 他会问:“你知道摩洛哥在哪里吗?” 我会说: “我才五岁,我连我现在在哪儿都不知道。这里是A&P市场吗?” 他会说:“我也不知道摩洛哥在哪里,我们回去查查。” 于是,我们买下了椰枣,回到家里。我们打开书架上的地图册,翻遍整本书也要把这个神秘的国度找到。我们找到了,我父亲会说: “你相信吗,某个人在那里爬上一棵树,摘下这个枣子,把它放到卡车上,一直送到码头,把它装上船,接着它横跨了大西洋,被装到另一辆卡车上,人们把车一直开到我们家门外的这间小超市里。最后他们以25美分的价钱出售这个枣子。” 我会说:“我不信。” 他会说:“我也不相信。生活真是太奇妙了,充满了令人惊喜的事情。”

我回过头想想,父亲是对的; 生活中充满了令人惊喜的事。我们所知的 全宇宙唯一一个 拥有生命的大石头上,我们是唯一有能力 体验这些事情的物种。只有我们人类,拥有建筑业和农业,财富和民主,飞机和高速公路,室内设计和占星术,时尚杂志和狂欢会。你可以和怪兽一起看恐怖电影。你可以去听演唱会,听吉他即兴演奏。我们还有书本,自助餐,广播,新娘,还有过山车。你可以睡在干净的床单上,可以去看电影并找到好位置,可以闻到烤面包的香味,可以冒雨散步,吹泡泡糖,或者偷偷打个盹儿。

我们都可以做到,但是,我们只有一百年的时间去享受生活。这挺令人伤感的。超市里的收银员,工厂的领工,你回家时,高速公路上一直跟在你车后的人,晚饭时给你打电话的推销员,教过你的每一位老师,在你枕边醒来的每一个人,每个国家的每一位政治家,每部电影里的每一位演员,你家里的每一个成员,你所爱的每一个人,在座的每一个人,包括你自己,都会在百年以后离开人世。生命之所以伟大,是因为我们仅有如此短暂的时间 去体味那些细小 而又美妙无比的时刻。那美妙的瞬间就是现在,那些时刻正在溜走,它们一直一直一直在飞逝。

你永远不会比现在的自己更年轻。因此,我相信,如果你拥有 良好的生活态度,无论生活如何打击你 你都能抬起头继续前行,感知你周遭的世界,承认内心中三岁的自己 意识到让生活美好的那些小小的快乐,做真实的自己,心安理得地做你自己,顺从自己的心意,让自己置身于能让你快乐的事情中,最后,你的生活 将会变得充实而美满,你的生活才真正变得美妙而精彩。谢谢大家。

第二篇:TED演讲成功的两大秘诀

TED演讲成功的两大秘诀

一 前期准备工作

当我想到要做一个扣人心弦的演讲,在我脑海中浮现的是去带着观众踏上一段旅途。1.做好提纲

除非你有值得一说的东西,不然你就做不了一个好的演讲。而对你想说的内容进行提炼和建立结构是准备过程中最重要的部分。2.讲一个故事

我们都知道人们很喜欢听故事,而那些最引人入胜的叙述结构中都有着大量的隐喻。当我想到要做一个扣人心弦的演讲,在我脑海中浮现的是去带着观众踏上一段旅途。一个成功的演讲是一个小小的奇迹,人们由此看到不同的世界。

如果你把故事当作一段旅途,最重要的便是找出从哪里开始、到哪里结束。想想观众们对你的故事可能已经有了哪些了解、他们有多关心它,以此找到合适的起点。

最棒的演讲者会非常快速地介绍主题,解释他们自己为什么会对这个话题感兴趣,并说服观众相信他们也应该关注这个主题。3.突出重点

我在演讲者的初稿中发现的最大问题是会涵盖太多内容。你无法在一个演讲中去概括整个行业。如果你试图将你知道的所有东西都塞进演讲,那就没时间去举出关键的细节了,而且你的演讲会因各种抽象的语言而晦涩难懂,从而会导致本身就懂的人能听得懂,而之前不懂的人就不知所云了。

你需要举出具体的例子来使你的想法有血有肉,充实起来。

不要一心想把所有东西都纳入到一个短短的演讲。相反地,要深入。不要告诉我们你研究的整个领域,告诉我们你的独特贡献。

当然,过度阐述或者纠结于内容的意义也不可行。对这种情况有另一套补救的方法。记住,观众们很聪明。让他们自己去找寻出一些意义,去各自归纳收获的结论。4.营造悬念

很多顶级的演讲具有着侦探小说般的叙事结构,演讲者引出问题开始演讲,然后介绍寻求解决方法的过程,直到恍然大悟的一刻,这时观众自会看到这一切叙述的意义。

如果一个演讲失败了,几乎都是因为讲者没有设计好整个故事,错误估计了观众的兴趣点,或者忽略了故事本身。即使话题再重要,没有足够的叙述作为铺垫,反而偶然冒出一些武断的意见总会让人感到不爽。没有一个递进的过程,就不会感到自己有所收获。

二 想好演讲方式

我认为最简单且实用的方法就是上台前做一下深呼吸。1.最受欢迎的演讲都是背好了讲

一旦你想好怎么说故事了,就可以开始重点考虑具体的演讲方式。发表一个演讲有三个主要的途径:

1、照着手稿或提词器直接读;

2、记下演讲提纲来提示你要讲的具体内容;

3、记住全部内容。

我的建议是:别照着读,也别使用提词器。一旦被人们看出来你在照着读,观众们的注意力就会转移。突然你就与观众变得疏远。

我们很多最受欢迎的TED演讲都是逐字逐句完全记下来的。如果你有充裕的时间做这样的准备,这其实就是最好的演讲方式。2.使用亲切的谈话式语气

有些讲者倾向于较为权威、装逼、强硬或热切的语气,可是谈话式的语气会听上去更令人舒服。

如果成功的演讲是一次旅途,那就不要在过程中惹恼你的旅伴。有些讲者表现得太过于自我。他们表现得非常优越、人生成功而圆满,但观众们就会感到无语。千万别这样。

3.减少下半身的移动

就那些毫无经验的演讲者而言,肢体表现是演讲中最难的一部分,不过人们却会太容易高估它的作用。用对措辞、说好故事、以及演讲的内容要比你站姿如何、看起来是否紧张更大程度地决定演讲能否成功。对台风而言,一定程度上的训练就有很大帮助。

我们在早期排练时候发现的最常见的错误,是人们会过于频繁地移动身体。他们会晃来晃去,或者把重心在两腿间不停移动。如此容易分散观众的注意力。其实,只要减少下半身的移动就可大大提高台风。4.把握眼神交流

在台上最关键的肢体语言或许应该是眼神交流。在观众席里找五六位看起来顺眼的,演讲时用眼神和她们交流,把他们当成你很久没见的老朋友,想象你正把他们带进你的工作中来。这样的眼神交流相当有效,它比其他任何方法都要对你的演讲有帮助。即使你没有充足的时间做好准备,必须得照着稿子读,那么抬起头做一些眼神上的交流会让一切变得不同。5.如何面对紧张

对无经验的演讲者而言,另一个大挑战就是紧张,不同人应对紧张有不同的处理方法。很多讲者在演讲前会呆在观众席中,这方法很有效,因为听前面的演讲者演讲可以转移注意力并减少紧张。

我认为最简单且实用的方法就是上台前做一下深呼吸。真心有效。

就算不能完全克服紧张,也没关系,观众们其实也预料得到你会紧张。紧张能使你表现得更好:它给予你表现的力量,并保持你思维敏捷。稳住呼吸,一切都没问题的!

甚至,承认紧张也可以带来魅力。大胆展示出你的脆弱,无论是紧张亦或是你的语音语调,只要是实在的,都是赢得观众倾心的有力武器。在2012年TED大会上演讲的苏珊·凯恩就特怕做演讲。你可以感觉到她在台上时的脆弱,这种感受让观众都为她加油—所有人在结束后都想拥抱她。努力使她美丽,也使她的演讲成为当年最受欢迎的一个。

6.恰当采用多媒体技术

现在为我们所用的多媒体技术数不胜数,所以觉得怎么也得用幻灯片吧,什么都不用都觉得对有点不起观众。现在大多数人都知道PPT的诀窍:保持简洁;不要把幻灯片做成演讲稿(就好比列出你所要讲的每一点—这些最好写在你手中的小卡片里);不要把幻灯片上的内容原封不动地大声念出来。

许多顶尖的TED演讲者不用幻灯片,而且很多演讲内容也不需要它。如果你要用到视频,那么,把它剪辑得足够短—如果长于1分钟,你就有可能失去观众了。还有,任何带配乐的视频都可能会让人倒胃口。而且无论如何,别放你自己被电视台采访的视频。我曾看过有演讲者这么做,而且真不怎么样—没人会想要了解你的自大。观众已经在你面前听你现场演讲了,为什么还要同时让他们到看你出现在新闻采访的特写镜头中呢?

第三篇:TED演讲:成功的秘诀

成功的钥匙

When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job in management consulting, for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.I went to teach seventh grades math in the New York City public schools.And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests, i gave out homework assignments.When the work came back, I calculated grades.What struck me was that I.Q.was not the only difference between my best and my worst students, some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric I.Q.Scores, some of my smartest kids weren’t doing so well.And that got me thinking, the kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math, sure, they’re hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram, but these concepts are not impossible.And I was firmly convinced that every one of my students could learn material if they worked hard and long enough。

在我27岁的时候,我辞去了一份非常有挑战性的职业-企业管理咨询,转而投入了一份更加具有挑战性的职业:教育。我来到纽约的一些公立学校教七年级学生数学,和别的老师一样,我会给同学们做小测试和考试,我会给他们布置家庭作业。当这些试卷和作业收上来之后,我计算了他们的成绩,让我震惊的是,I.Q的高低并不是我最好的和最差的学生之间唯一的差别,一些在课业上表现很好的学生并不具有非常高的IQ分数,一些聪明的孩子反而在课业上表现的不那么尽如人意,这引起了我的思考。当然,学生们在七年级需要学习的东西,是有难度的,像比率,小数,平行四边形的面积计算,但是这些概念是完全可以掌握的,我坚信我的每一位学生都可以学会教材内容,只要他们肯花时间和精力的话。

After several more years of teaching, I came to the conclusion that what we need in education is a much better understanding of students and learning from a motivational perspective, from a psychological perspective.In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is I.Q., but what if doing well in school and in life, depends on much more than your ability to learn quickly and easily? So I left classroom, and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of super challenging settings, and in every study my question was who is successful here and why.My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy, we try to predict which cadets would stay in military training and which would drop out.We went to the National Spelling Bee, and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.We studied rookie teachers in really tough neighborhoods, asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching by the end of the school year.And of those, who will be the most effective at improving learning outcomes for their students.We partnered with private companies, asking which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs, and who’s going to earn the most money? 经过几年教学之后,我得出一个结论,我们在教育方面需要做的是从学习动力的角度和心理学的角度对学生和学习行为,进行一次更为深刻的理解。在教育系统中,我们都知道评价优秀学生的标准就是IQ,但如果在学校和生活中的优秀表现远不仅仅依赖于你轻松高效的学习能力呢?所以我离开了讲台,回到学校继续心理学硕士学位。我开始研究,孩子和大人在各种具有挑战性的情况下以及在各项研究中,我的问题是谁才是成功者,为什么他们会成功?我和我的研究团队前往西点军校展开调研,我们试图预测哪些学员能够耐得住军队的训练,哪些会被淘汰出局。我们前去观摩全国拼字比赛,同时也试着预测哪些孩子会晋级到最后的比赛。我们研究,在恶劣的环境下工作的,刚入行的老师,询问他们哪些老师会在学年结束后继续留下来任教。以及他们之中谁能最快地提高学生的学习成绩。我们与私企合作,向他们询问哪些销售人员可以保住工作,哪些赚钱更多?

In all those very different contexts, one characteristic emerged, as a significant predictor of success, and it wasn’t social intelligence, it wasn’t good looks, physical health, and it wasn’t I.Q., it was grit.Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.Grit is having stamina, grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out.Not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years and working really hard to make that future a reality.Grit is living life like it’s a marathon, not a sprint.A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.I asked thousands of high school junior to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate, turns out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like family incomes, standardized achievement test scores, even how safe kids felt when they were at school.So it’s not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee that grit matters, it’s also in school, especially for kids at risk for dropping out.To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows about building it.在所有那些不同的环境下,一种性格特征凸显了出来,这种特征很大程度上预示了成功,而且他并不是社交智力,不是漂亮的外表,强健的体魄,也不是很高的I.Q.,它是毅力。毅力是对长远目标的激情和坚持,毅力是拥有持久的恒劲,毅力是你对未来的坚持,日复一日,不是仅仅持续一个星期或者一个月,而是几年甚至几十年努力奋斗着,让自己的梦想变为现实。毅力把生活当成一场马拉松而不是一场短跑。几年前,在芝加哥的公立学校里开始研究毅力,我对上千名初中生进行了关于毅力的问卷调查,然后等候了一年多来看最终哪些学生能毕业结果证明那些更具毅力的学生在毕业的概率上占绝对优势,即使是在同样可以量化的外在因素下,像家庭收入,标准化成绩测验的分数,甚至是孩子们在学校能获得多少安全感之类,仍是有毅力的学生更容易毕业,所有不仅仅是在西点军校里或者全国拼字比赛上才需要毅力,在学校亦是如此,尤其是对于那些徘徊在辍学边缘的孩子们。对我来说,关于毅力最让我震惊的事情莫过于对于毅力,我们知之甚少,在培养毅力上,科学对理解的认识又是何等贫乏。

Every day, parents and teachers ask me “how do i build grit in kids?” What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic, how do i keep them motivated for the long run? The honest answer is, I don’t know.What I do know is that talent doesn’t make you gritty.Our data show very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitments.In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated, or even inversely related to measure of talent.So far, the best idea I’ve heard about building grit in kids is something called “growth mindset”.This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck, and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort , Dr.Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn about the brain and how it changes and grows in response to challenge, they’re much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they don’t believe that failure is a permanent condition.So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit, but we need more, and that’s where I’m going to end my remarks, because that’s where we are, that’s the work that stands before us.We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions, and we need to test them.We need to measure whether we’ve been successful, and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned.In other words, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier.Thank you!

每天都有家长和老师来问我“我怎样做才能培养孩子的毅力呢”该做些什么才能教授给孩子们真正的职业道德,我又该怎样调动他们长期的积极性呢?老实说,我不知道。我所知道的是,才华并不能使你坚韧不拔,我们的数据十分清楚的表明,有许多才华横溢的人,他们都无法坚持兑现自己的承诺。事实上,根据我们的数据来看,毅力通常与其他因素无关,甚至与才华的衡量标准背道而驰。到目前为止,我所听说过得在孩子身上培养坚忍品质最有效的方法,叫“成长型思维模式”。斯坦福大学卡洛杜威克提出过一个观点,他相信人的学习能力是可变的,他随着你的努力程度而变化。杜威克教授表示,当孩子们阅读和学习有关大脑的知识,以及它在面对挑战时所发生的变化和成长情况,他们失败之后更容易坚持下去,因为他们不相信一直失败下去,因此,成长性思维模式对培养毅力大有裨益。但是我们需要更多,我决定在次结束我的评论,因为我们正在经历这一切,这是眼前所面临的工作,我们要拿出最好的想法和最强的直觉。我们要对他们进行实践,我们需要估量这一切是否成功,同时还要渴望面对失败和错误,要从这些失败中汲取教训经验重新再来,换句话说,我们只有自己变得更加有毅力才能让我们的孩子变得更有毅力,谢谢大家。

第四篇:TED演讲

绿色未来(A Greener Future?)

大家好,我是Zach。从本周开始,我们将开展“TED演讲主题介绍”系列,陆续为大家介绍TED演讲的各类主题,方便大家更快地找到自己喜欢的TED演讲。众所周知,TED刚刚创办时的焦点是集中在Technology(科技), Entertainment(娱乐)和Design(设计)三方面。但随着TED的成长和知名度的增加,TED演讲所涵盖的行业也越来越广泛。为了确保读者们不会在大量的演讲中迷失了方向,TED网站贴心地将所有的演讲分门别类,归纳到不同的主题中,既方便读者们针对自己感兴趣的内容有选择地观看演讲,也便于大家观看和某一演讲相关的其他内容。

本系列的目的就是逐步地将已翻译好的主题简介带给大家,并为大家推荐相关主题下的已翻译演讲、待翻译演讲和待校对演讲。

本周为大家介绍的主题是–A Greener Future? 绿色未来

该主题在TED的网址是:

在TEDtoChina的网址是:

http:///themes/a_greener_future/

◎ 主题简介

关于环境的辩论通常被定性为经济发展和保护地球这两种势力间的较量。然而,大多数TED演讲者坚持鱼和熊掌可以兼得的观点——只要我们在处理环境问题时足够聪明。

阿尔·戈尔作为宣传气候危机的领军人,坚持人类可以通过细微处的改进以在避免灾难的同时保持经济的活跃发展。建筑师威廉·麦克多纳向人们展现了伟大设计的力量,它作用在整个文明体系上,而不仅仅是针对局部领域,并能持久地担负起丰富的未来。马约拉·卡特谈及了她为曾陷入腐化的的纽约南布隆克斯区带来绿色生机的工程。

爱德华·伯汀斯基关于环境损害和经济发展的异常精致的摄影作品记录了人类发展从未停滞的脚步。而生物学家爱德华·奥斯伯·威尔森向我们分享了他最大的心愿——人类社会团结起来保护地球上的生命。

◎ 演讲者推荐

阿尔·戈尔(Al Gore):美国政治人物,曾于1993年至2001年间在比尔·克林顿掌政时担任美国第四十五任副总统。其后升为一名国际上著名的环境学家,由

于在环球气候变化与环境问题上的贡献受到国际的肯定,因而与政府间气候变化专门委员会共同获得2007诺贝尔和平奖。

珍·古道尔(Jane Goodall):英国生物学家、动物行为学家和著名动物保育人士。珍·古道尔长期致力于黑猩猩的野外研究,并取得丰硕成果。她的工作纠正了许多学术界对黑猩猩这一物种长期以来的错误认识,揭示了许多黑猩猩社群中鲜为人知的秘密。除了对黑猩猩的研究,珍·古道尔还热心投身于环境教育和公益事业,由她创建并管理的珍·古道尔研究会(国际珍古道尔协会)是著名民间动物保育机构,在促进黑猩猩保育、推广动物福利、推进环境和人道主义教育等领域进行了很多卓有成效的工作,由珍·古道尔研究会创立的根与芽是目前全球最活跃的面向青年的环境教育计划之一。由于珍·古道尔在黑猩猩研究和环境教育等领域的杰出贡献,她在 1995年获英国女王伊丽莎白二世荣封为皇家女爵士,在2002年获颁联合国和平使者。

(演讲者简介来自维基百科)

◎ 部分已翻译演讲(简体中文)推荐:

1.阿尔·戈尔关于避免气候危机的演讲

“此次演讲流露出的幽默感和人道主义跟在他的纪录电影”难以忽视的真相“如出一辙,戈尔阐明了15种应对气候危机立马有效的方法而且简单易行,从购买混合动力产品到发明新产品替代碳排放产品,使“全球温室效应”更加深入人心。”

2.阿力克斯·史蒂芬看望可持续发展的未来

“阿力克斯·史蒂芬是“改变世界”(Worldchanging.com)网站的创建人,他在这个演讲中指出,减低人类生态足迹在当下之意义尤为巨大,原因在于西方那一套生活方式将不能推广到发展中国家,因为那样将消耗大量的资源。(因为西方的那一套生活方式正逐步推广到发展中国家,进一步加剧着资源的大量消耗。)”

3.Willie Smits 修复雨林

透过复杂的生态学,生物学家Willie Smits发掘一个重新植林的快捷方式,在婆罗洲救回了许多栖息于当地的红毛猩猩,进而创造出一个得以修复脆弱生态系统的蓝图。

4.William McDonough 谈「从摇篮到摇篮」理念

致力于环保的建筑师兼设计师 William McDonough 问,如果设计师心系所有子孙、所有物种、直到永远,我们的建筑及产品会是什么样子?

5.查尔斯·摩尔:塑料充斥的海洋

查尔斯·摩尔船长是Algalita海洋研究基金会的创始人,他第一次发现了大太平洋垃圾带——一片无边无际漂浮着塑料垃圾的海域。现在,他为我们讲述大海面临的日益严重的塑料碎片污染问题。

◎ 待校对演讲(简体中文)推荐

1.Carl Honore praises slowness

“Journalist Carl Honore believes the Western world’s emphasis on speed erodes health, productivity and quality of life.But there’s a backlash brewing, as everyday people start putting the brakes on their all-too-modern lives.”

2.Kamal Meattle on how to grow fresh air

Researcher Kamal Meattle shows how an arrangement of three common houseplants, used in specific spots in a home or office building, can result in measurably cleaner indoor air.以上就是这个星期的TED主题介绍。希望大家能从上面的演讲中有所收获。大家也可以点击这里的网址来查看所有该主题下演讲的翻译进度(简体中文和繁体中文)。

如果大家对此专栏有何建议的话,欢迎大家在下面留言,或是电邮至OTP at TEDtoChina dot com

我们下期再见。

第五篇:Ted演讲

Ralph Langner谈21世纪电子武器Stuxnet揭密

关于这场演讲

Stuxnet计算机蠕虫于2010年首次被发现,带来了令人费解的谜团。除了它不寻常且高度复杂的编码以外,还隐藏着一个更令人不安的谜团:它的攻击目标。Ralph Langner及其团队协助破解Stuxnet编码,找出这个数字弹头的最终攻击目标-以及其幕后源头。经使用计算机数字鉴识方法深入检视后,他解释了其运作原理。

关于Ralph Langner

Ralph Langner是德国控制系统的安全顾问。他对Stuxnet恶意软件的分析受到全球瞩目。

为什么要听他演讲

Ralph Langner为独立网络安全公司Langner的领导者,专营控制系统-监控和调控其它设备的电子装置,如生产设备。这些装置与运作我们城市和国家的基础设施有密切关系,这使它们逐渐成为一场新兴且具高度复杂型态的电子战争攻击目标。自2010年起,当Stuxnet计算机蠕虫首次现身时,Langner坚决地投身于这个战场。

身为致力于译码这个神秘程序的一份子,Langner和他的团队分析Stuxnet的数据结构,并找出他认为其最终的攻击目标:运行于核工厂离心机的控制系统软件-特别是伊朗的核工厂。Langner进一步分析,发现Stuxnet可能的幕后源头,并于TED2011演讲中透露这个秘密。

Ralph Langner的英语网上资料

网站:Langner

[TED科技‧娱乐‧设计]

已有中译字幕的TED影片目录(繁体)(简体)。请注意繁简目录是不一样的。

Ralph Langner谈21世纪电子武器Stuxnet揭密

Stuxnet计算机蠕虫背后的想法其实很简单,我们不希望伊朗造出原子弹,他们发展核武器的主要资产是纳坦兹的浓缩铀工厂,你们看到的灰色方块是实时控制系统,现在,如果我们设法破坏控制速度和阀门的驱动系统,我们事实上可以使离心机产生很多问题。这些灰色方块无法执行Windows软件,两者是完全不同的技术,但如果我们设法将一个有效的Windows病毒放进一台笔记本电脑里,由一位机械工程师操作,设定这个灰色方块,那么我们就可以着手进行了,这就是Stuxnet大致背景。

因此,我们从Windows释放程序开始,让病毒载体进入灰色方块中,破坏离心机,延迟伊朗的核计划,任务完成,很简单,对吧?我想说明我们是如何发现这个的,当我们在半年前开始研究Stuxnet时,对这个东西的攻击目标一无所知,唯一了解的是它在Windows的部份非常、非常复杂,释放程序部份使用多个零日漏洞,它似乎想要做些什么,用这些灰色方块,这些实时控制系统,因此,这引起我们的注意,我们开始了一个实验计划,我们用Stuxnet感染我们的系统并审视结果,然后一些非常有趣的事发生了。Stuxnet表现得像只白老鼠,不喜欢我们的奶酪,闻一闻,但不想吃。这根本没道里。之后,我们用不同口味的奶酪进行实验,我意识到,哦,这是一个直接攻击,完全直接的。释放程序在这些灰

色方块中有效的潜伏着,如果它发现了一个特定程序组态,甚至是它正试图感染的程序,它都会确实针对这个目标执行,如果没发现,Stuxnet就不起作用。

所以这真的引起了我的注意,我们开始进行这方面的工作,几乎日以继夜,因为我想,好吧,我们不知道它的目标是什么,很可能的,比方说美国的发电厂,或德国的化工厂,所以我们最好尽快找出目标。因此,我们抽出攻击代码并进行反编译,我们发现它的结构由两个数字炸弹组成,一个较小、一个较大。我们也看到,这是非常专业的设计,由显然知道所有内幕信息的人编写,他们知道所有必需攻击的位和字节,搞不好他们还知道控制员的鞋子尺寸,因此他们什么都知道。

如果你曾听过Stuxnet的释放程序,是复杂、高科技的,让我跟你们说明一下。病毒本身是很高科技没错,比我们曾见过的任何编码都高深,这是这个实际攻击代码的样本,我们谈论的是大概15,000行的代码,看起来很像旧式的汇编语言。我想告诉你们的是,我们如何能够理解这段代码,所以,我们首先要寻找的是系统的函数调用,因为我们知道它们的作用是什么。

然后,我们寻找时间控制器和数据结构,试图将其与真实世界连结起来,寻找现实世界中的潜在目标,因此我们必需进行目标推测,以便确认或排除。为了找到推测目标,我们想到,它必定具有绝对破坏性,必定是一个高价值目标,最可能设置在伊朗,因为这是大部份感染发生的地点。在这区域内你不会找到几千个目标,基本上范围可以缩小为布什尔核电厂及纳坦兹浓缩铀工厂。

所以我告诉我的助手,“列出我们客户中所有离心机和核电厂专家的名单”,我打电话给他们,听取他们的意见,努力用我们在代码和数据中的发现与他们的专业知识做对照。这很有效,因此,我们找出了这个小数字弹头与转子控制的关联,转子是离心机内部的运转零件,就是你们看到的这个黑色物体,如果控制这个转子的速度,事实上你就能使转子损坏,甚至最后使离心机爆炸。我们也看到了这次攻击的目标,实际上进行的相当缓慢、低调,显然为了达成目标,快把维修工程师逼疯了,因为他们无法迅速找出答案。

这个大数字弹头-我们做过尝试,非常仔细检查数据和数据结构,因此,例如数字164在这些代码中确实很突出,你不能忽视它。我开始研究科学文献,这些离心机如何在纳坦兹组建,并找出它们的结构,就是所谓的层级。每个层级由164台离心机组成,这就说的通了,与我们的结果匹配。

而它甚至更有帮助。这些在伊朗的离心机细分为15种所谓的等级,你猜我们在攻击代码中发现什么?一个几乎相同的结构。所以,同样的,这与结果完美匹配,就我们所寻找的东西来说,这给了我们相当大的信心。别误解我的意思,不是像这样弹指之间,为了获致这些成果,历经几星期相当艰苦的奋斗,我们常常走进死胡同,必需重新来过。

总之,我们找到了这两个数字弹头,实际上是针对同一个目标,但从不同角度。小弹头对准一个层级,让转子加速旋转然后急遽减速,而大弹头影响六个层级并操纵阀门,总之,我们非常有信心,我们已经确认目标是什么,是纳坦兹,就只有纳坦兹。因此,我们不必担心其它目标可能被Stuxnet攻击。

我们看到一些非常酷的东西,真的让我印象深刻。下方是灰色方块,顶端你们看到的是离心机,这些东西所做的是拦截来自传感器的输入值,例如,来自压力传感器和振动传感器的,它提供正常代码,在攻击中依然执行,用的是假的输入数

据。事实上,这个假的输入数据是Stuxnet事先录制的,因此,这就像来自好莱坞电影的抢劫过程中,监视器被放入预录的影片,酷吧?

这里的想法显然不仅是愚弄控制室中的操作者,实际上更加危险且更具攻击性,这个想法是规避数字安全系统。我们需要数字安全系统,当一位人类操作员的行动不够快时,因此,例如在一座核电厂中,当一台大蒸汽涡轮机严重超速时,你必须在一毫秒内打开泄压阀。显然,一位人类操作员办不到,因此,这就是我们需要使用数字安全系统之处。当它们被破坏,真正糟糕的事就会发生了,你的工厂会爆炸,无论你的操作员或安全系统都无法注意到这一点,这很可怕。

但还会更糟。我要说的这些相当重要,想想看,这种攻击是一般性的,它没什么特定性,对离心机来说,还有浓缩铀,因此,它也会作用于,例如一座核电厂或一座汽车工厂,它是通用的,你不需要-身为攻击者,你不需要藉由USB装置传递这个病毒载体,如我们在Stuxnet例子中看到的,你也可以使用传统的蠕虫病毒技术的来散播,尽可能传播四方。如果你这么做,最终它会变成具大规模破坏性的网络武器,这是我们必然会面临的后果。所以,不幸的是,这种攻击最大量的目标并不是在中东,而是在美国、欧洲和日本。因此,所有这些绿色区域就是遭受最多攻击的目标,我们必须面对这个后果,我们最好现在开始做准备。

谢谢。

(掌声)

Chris Anderson:我有个问题,Ralph,这件事已广为人知,人们认为摩萨德(以色列情报机构)是幕后的主要推手,你也这么认为吗?

Ralph Langner:好,你真的想知道吗?

Chris Anderson:是啊!

Ralph Langner:好,我的看法是,摩萨德有参与,但以色列并非领导势力。因此,背后的主导力量是网络超级大国,只有一个,就是美国。幸好、幸好,因为如果不是这样,我们的问题可能更大。

CA:谢谢你吓坏了美国人,谢谢Ralph。

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