2015年高中英语阅读理解 第三部分 名人故事(五)练习

第一篇：2015年高中英语阅读理解 第三部分 名人故事(五)练习

第三部分 名人故事

（五）21.Albert Einstein, a Great Scientific Thinker

艾伯特•爱因斯坦—伟大的科学思想家

艾伯特•爱因斯坦，举世闻名的德裔美国科学家，现代物理学的开创者和奠基人。爱因斯坦的狭义相对论成功地揭示了能量与质量之间的关系，解决了长期存在的恒星能源来源的难题。近年来发现越来越多的高能物理现象，狭义相对论已成为解释这种现象的一种最基本的理论工具。其广义相对论也解决了一个天文学上多年的不解之谜，并推断出后来被验证了s的光线弯曲现象，还成为后来许多天文概念的理论基础。大大推动了现代天文学的发展。

Albert Einstein(1879-1955)was one of the greatest and most original scientific thinkers of all time.Born of Jewish parents at Ulm in Germany, he completed his education in Switzerland and got his Ph.D.at the University of Zurich.He went to live in the United States in 1933 because of the rise of Nazism in Germany and Hitler’s persecution of the Jews.In 1905, while still at Zurich, he published his Special Theory of Relativity, which was based on things everyone may have noticed.If two trains are standing alongside each other and one train starts to move, a person sitting in the train may wonder whether his own train is moving or the other is moving, and before he finds out what is happening, he can see that one train is moving relative to the other.From this and also from other more complicated facts, Einstein came to the conclusion that all motion is relative and that there is really no such thing as absolute motion.Some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light, and that if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster it would seem to get shorter and shorter as its speed was near the speed of light.By 1915, Einstein had made known his General Theory of Relativity.He also improved on Newton’s theory of gravity.Most of his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange.For his important work he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.Towards the end of his life, Einstein was asked by a group of students to explain his complicated Theory of Relativity.He said, “When you sit with a pretty girl for an hour, it seems like a minute;but when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, it seems like an hour.That is relativity.” Comprehension Questions:

C.still in Switzerland at the age of twenty-six.D.still at the University of Zurich at the age of thirty-six.3.One of the conclusions drawn by Einstein is that ______ A.planes can go faster than trains and buses.B.people couldn't run as fast as vehicles.C.light goes the fastest of all things.D.two trains can never go at the same time.4.Einstein added that if something such as a ruler was moving, it would seem to get shorter and shorter ______ A.because the ruler itself was short.B.when it was moving faster and faster.C.because we can't see it clearly.D.because the ruler was broken into pieces.5.Albert Einstein was world-famous for his ______ A.Special Theory of Relativity.B.General Theory of Relativity.C.improving on Newton’s theory of gravity.D.all his work mentioned above.(DCCBD)

22.Madame Curie, the First Winner of Two Nobel Prizes

居里夫人—第一位两次诺贝尔奖获得者

居里夫人，波兰裔法国籍女物理学家、放射化学家。一位影响过世界进程、伟大无私而又谦逊质朴的女性；在科学探索中坚毅刻苦、锲而不舍并取得卓越非凡功绩的人；第一位两次诺贝尔奖获得者；原子能时代的开创者之一。1903年和丈夫皮埃尔·居里及亨利·贝克勒尔共同获得了诺贝尔物理学奖，1911年又因放射化学方面的成就获得诺贝尔化学奖。

with another scientist, metallic radium.For this she received the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.So she was the first to get a second Nobel Prize.Comprehension Questions:

1.Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage? ______ A.Madame Curie was a chemist and physicist.B.Warsaw is the capital of Poland.C.It was Marie’s father who had her interested in science.D.Marie Curie and Pierre Curie studied at the Sorbonne.2.According to Marie Curie’s report in 1898, ______ A.there was a new powerful radioactive element existing in some metal.B.the two elements polonium and radium existed in pitchblende ores.C.some new powerful radioactive elements might exist in pitchblende ores.D.she had found out the nature of uranium.3.The 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics was given to ______ A.Madams Curie.B.Pierre Curie.C.the Curies.D.the Curies and Becquerel.4.After husband’s death, Madame Curie ______ A.succeeded in becoming a professor of physics at Sorbonne.B.took his place and became a professor of physics at the Sorbonne.C.was a successful professor of physics at the Sorbonne.D.was successful as a professor of chemistry at the Sorbonne.5.Madame Curie was the first to ______ A.get a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry.B.win the Nobel Prize as a woman.C.win a second Nobel Prize.D.discover radioactivity.(DCDBC)

23.Abraham Lincoln, the 16 American President

亚伯拉罕•林肯—美国第16任总统

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already left the Union;four more states would soon follow them.The start of the Civil War was only weeks away.Many people doubted Lincoln's ability to pull the Union together.He was then just a country lawyer.He had only a few years of schooling, and he had served one term in Congress.His only real fame came from a serious of debates over slavery.Lincoln's firm stand against slavery helped him win the Republican nomination for president.Lincoln did keep the Union together by the only way possible---winning the war.He slowly built the North's army into a powerful fighting force.By such acts as freeing the slaves, Lincoln won wide support.In 1865, he began his second term.He hoped to bring the South back into the Union without bitterness on either side.Six weeks later, he was murdered, his great task still unfinished.The following is detailed information about Lincoln’s death.On April 14, after a very busy day, the President and his wife went to see the performance of a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington.In an inn near the theater was a 25-year-old unsuccessful actor named John Wilkes Booth.He was a supporter of the defeated South.As the play was going to start again after the interval, Booth entered the theater and walked slowly towards the President’s box and opened the door.The sound of a shot broke in and Booth leaped from the box onto the stage and hurried out through an exit door.Smoke was seen coming from the President’s box and the theater was filled with shouting, madly excited people.Soldiers hurried in to clear the building, and Lincoln, shot through the head, was carried unconscious to a house across the road from the theater, and laid on the bed.He never recovered consciousness and died next morning.Comprehension Questions:

1.From the passage we know that James Buchanan was probably ______ A.Lincoln's political enemy.B.one of Lincoln's neighbors.C.the 15th American President.D.a minister of the White House.th

4.Lincoln's firm stand against slavery ______ A.made it possible for him to be elected President.B.made the Southern slave owners give up theirs.C.provided him with a chance to win the war.D.helped build up an army of his own.5.Lincoln's leading achievement as President was that ______ A.he worked for the people heart and soul.B.he was firmly against slavery.C.he reunited the nation and did away with slavery.D.he was a warm-hearted and honest man.(CBBAC)

24.Beethoven And His Moonlight Sonata

贝多芬和他的《月光鸣奏曲》

路德维希•凡•贝多芬（1770-1827），德国最伟大的音乐家之一。出生于德国波恩的平民家庭，很早就显露了音乐才能，八岁开始登台演出。1792年到维也纳深造，艺术上突飞猛进。贝多芬信仰共和，崇尚英雄，创作了大量充满时代气息的优秀作品，如：交响曲《英雄》、《命运》；序曲《哀格蒙特》；钢琴奏鸣曲《悲怆》、《月光曲》、《暴风雨》、《热情》等等。晚年虽然耳聋但依旧坚持创作。贝多芬集古典音乐的大成，同时开辟了浪漫时期音乐的道路，对世界音乐的发展有着举足轻重的作用，被尊称为“乐圣”。

One moonlight evening Beethoven was walking in a street when he suddenly stopped outside a little house.“What is that? It is form my Sonata in F.How well it is played!”

Following a sudden break came the voice of sobbing.“I can’t play any more.This piece of music is so difficult to play.How I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play it!”

“Ah, my sister, but we are so poor, ”said a young man.“And the ticket to the concert is too expensive.”

Listening silently, the young man laid away his work.The girl, with her head bent slightly forward, and her hands pressed tightly over her breast, sat silently near the piano, lost in thought„

The brother and sister were fully attracted by the music.They both lost themselves in it.Beethoven rushed to the place there he was staying and spent a whole night writing down the piece of music he had played at the blind girl’s house.That was the origin of the Moonlight Sonata.Comprehension Questions:

1.The girl was playing ______ one evening.A.the violin B.the Moonlight Sonata C.a piece composed by herself D.a piece composed by Beethoven 2.From the story we know that the girl ______ A.was a musician.B.liked singing.C.loved music.D.could not see or hear.3.How did the girl learn to play? ______ A.She learned to play form Beethoven.B.She learned to play by listening to a neighbor play.C.She was taught to play by a woman teacher.D.She learned to play form her brother.4.Beethoven composed the Moonlight Sonata ______ A.on a night with the moonlight shining brightly.B.when he was walking in a street.C.on a dark evening without moonlight.D.before he met the blind young girl.5.Beethoven played the Moonlight Sonata ______ A.to the young man.B.to the moon.C.to the blind young girl.D.at a concert.(DCBAC)

For the first 19 months of her life, Helen Keller(1880-1968)was like other happy babies in every way.Then a sudden illness injured her eyes and ears.From then on, she could neither see nor hear.She did not even learn to talk when other children did.Think what that would be like!Such a world was full of darkness.You could not see all kinds of flowers and animals.You would not hear songs of a friend’s voice.You would not know what your friend looked like.This was Helen’s world---still and dark.There seemed to be no way to teach Helen.For a long time her parents did not know what to do for her.And then, when she was six years old, they sent for a teacher with the name Anne Sullivan, who was almost blind herself.She felt she could help Helen to learn to live like other children.Anne found it hard to teach Helen.The child was a wild thing!She cried and shouted in a strange voice.She always acted like a young animal, rushing around, throwing things, and hitting anyone she could reach.Indeed, this was a very difficult pupil for the young teacher.However, Anne was clever.And, in the end Helen came to love her.Anne began teaching with a kind of spelling that used the sense of touch.Several times each day, she would draw the letters of a word on Keller’s hand.Then she would put in the child’s hand the thing which was named by the word.A few weeks later Keller knew more than 100 words.As time went on, with Anne’s help, she could give talks and write books.Helen had grown to be a clever, busy woman.The wild young child had come to a long way!Comprehension Questions:

1.Helen Keller could not see or hear because ______ A.her parents themselves could not see or hear.B.she was born blind and deaf.C.her eyes and ears were injured by a sudden disease.D.there was nothing to see or hear around her.2.At first, because she couldn’t see or hear, Helen did not learn to ______ A.talk.B.walk.C.eat.D.shout.3.Helen was a very difficult pupil for the young teacher because ______ A.Anne was blind, too.B.Anne was not strict with the child.C.the child could not speak or hear.D.the child was so wild.

第二篇：高中英语阅读理解 第三部分 名人故事(一)练习

第三部分 名人故事

（一）1.Alfred Nobel, Founder of the Nobel Prizes

阿尔弗雷德•诺贝尔—诺贝尔奖的创始人

在世界科学史上，有这样一位科学家：他不仅把自己的毕生精力全部贡献给了科学事业，而且还在身后留下遗嘱，把自己的遗产全部捐献给科学事业，用以奖掖后人，向科学的高峰努力攀登。今天，以他的名字命名的科学奖，已经成为举世瞩目的最高科学大奖。他的名字和人类在科学探索中取得的成就一道，永远地留在了人类社会发展的文明史册上。这位伟大的科学家，就是世人皆知的瑞典化学家、诺贝尔奖的创立人阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔。

诺贝尔奖颁发给在物理，化学，医学，文学，和平和经济六个领域中成就最突出的人。Some names have become famous because they are always connected with important things.One of these names is that of Alfred Nobel, who founded the famous Nobel Prizes.Nobel was born in Sweden in 1833.He became an engineer and an inventor.He was particularly interested in explosives.These were very dangerous in those days, and Nobel's own brother was killed in an explosion in their factory.In 1867, Nobel invented dynamite.This was a very powerful explosive, but unlike the others it was safe to handle.The invention made Nobel a very wealthy man.However, he was never particularly happy.He realized that his invention was being used for warlike purposes, and that thousands and perhaps hundreds of thousands of people were being killed and injured in wars with his explosives.When he died in 1896, he left over 3 million pounds to be spent setting up five prizes each year.These prizes were to be given to people who had made outstanding contributions to peace, to science, and to literature.Originally there were five rewards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine and peace.Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first award ceremony.These Nobel Prizes became famous and because of them we still remember the name of Nobel.Comprehension Questions:

A.it is less powerful and safe to handle.B.it is more powerful but less safe to handle.C.it is both powerful and safe.D.it won't kill people.4.Rich as he was, Alfred Nobel was never particularly happy because ______ A.his dynamite was not safe enough.B.his explosives were being used in wars.C.his brother was killed by the explosives invented by him.D.he had killed hundreds of thousands of people with explosives.5.Those who had made outstanding contributions to peace, to science and to literature ______ A.could get three million pounds.B.were given five prizes each year.C.could see Alfred Nobel himself.D.could receive Nobel Prizes.(CACBD)

2.The General and the Corporal, A Story

About George Washington 将军和下士—乔治•华盛顿的故事

乔治·华盛顿，美国首任总统（1789～1797），美国独立战争大陆军总司令。1789年，当选为美国第一任总统，因对美国独立作出了重大贡献，被尊为美国国父。他有一句关于自由的名言：“由于剑是维护我们自由的最后手段，一旦这些自由得到确立，就应该首先将它放在一旁。” 下面这篇小故事通过一件平凡事，反映了一个伟人的博大胸襟。

George Washington was the first President of the United States.It was he who led the armies during the long war that brought the American people independence and made America a free country.He was a great man, not only in great things, but also in little ones.He was never too great to do a kindness.He was never too high to stoop to those who were lower than he and in need of help.Then Washington ran up, and with his strong arms gave them the help they so much needed.The big log was lifted on the breastwork, and the men looked their thanks at the stranger who had been so kind.“Why don’t you take hold and help your men?” Washington asked the corporal.“Why don’t I? Don’t you see that I am the corporal?”

“Oh, indeed,” said Washington, as he unbuttoned his overcoat, and showed the uniform which he wore.“Well, I am the general, and the next time you have a log too heavy for your men to lift, send for me!”

You can imagine how the little corporal felt when he saw it was General Washington who was standing before him.It was a good lesson for him, and there are little men still living who may learn a good lesson from the story.Comprehension Questions: 1.______ he was a great man, George Washington was ready to do a kindness.A.Because B.Though C.If D.As long as 2.At first the corporal and the soldiers did not know ______ A.who was the general.B.who was Washington.C.what the general was.D.the man was Washington.3.The corporal was ______ A.too little to do the heavy job.B.too weak to help his men.C.so great that he could not do such a small thing.D.feeling he was such an officer that he was ashamed of giving help.4.The little corporal felt very ______ when he knew it was General Washington who was standing before him.A.glad B.proud C.sorry D.crazy 5.When do you think the story most probably took place? ______ A.During the War of Independence.B.During the Civil War.C.During World War I.D.During World War II.(BDDCA)

生产力的发展作出了杰出贡献。他改良了蒸汽机、发明了气压表、汽动锤。后人为了纪念他，将功率的单位称为瓦特，常用符号“W”表示。

People had known about steam power for hundreds of years, but they did not know how to apply it to machines.About 300 years ago, some mining engineers discovered that they could use steam power to force water out of deep mines.This helped miners dig deeper than ever.But little more was done with steam power until one man, James Watt, discovered how to make steam turn a wheel.When he was a boy, James Watt's parents had scolded him for playing with mechanical things.There were few complicated machines then.And almost nobody could make a living by fixing them.So Watt's parents thought that fooling around with machines was a waste of time.But someone asked Watt to repair a steam coalmine pump.Watt fixed the pump and he began to build models of other pumps.Once Watt had built his first steam engine, steam power was used to do many things.Machines were built that could weave, spin, grind flour, drive a boat or a train, and even make other machines.Nearly anything that needed pushing or turning could be powered by steam.Within 50 years of Watt's invention, steam engines were producing and transporting things in ways that were impossible with muscle, wind, or waterpower.Comprehension Questions:

1.James Watt was the first person who ______ A.applied steam to machines.B.discovered steam power could be used to force water out of deep mines.C.helped miners to dig deeper than ever.D.discovered how to make steam turn a wheel.2.Steam power was not used to turn a wheel until ______ A.three hundred years ago.B.some mining engineers discovered how to force water out of deep mines.C.James Watt was born.D.James Watt found out the way of doing so.5.Nearly half a century had passed ______ A.since James Watt's steam engines were used widely.B.until James Watt had invented his steam engines.C.before steam engines could be used to produce and transport things.D.and steam engines were doing things that were impossible to be done in the past.(DDACD)4.Galileo, Famous Italian Astronomer

伽利略—意大利著名天文学家

伽利略·伽利雷(1564～1642)是意大利文艺复兴后期伟大的意大利天文学家、力学家、哲学家、物理学家和数学家。也是近代实验物理学的开拓者，被誉为“近代科学之父”。传说1590年，出生在比萨城的意大利物理学家伽利略，曾在比萨斜塔上做自由落体实验，将两个重量不同的球体从相同的高度同时扔下，结果两个铅球同时落地，由此发现了自由落体定律，推翻了此前亚里士多德认为的重的物体会先到达地面。

Galileo(1564-1642)was an Italian physicist and astronomer.He was born in Paris, where he studied medicine and later became professor of mathematics.During this period he made two important discoveries.The first was that a pendulum always wings at the same time.The second was that bodies of different weights fall with the same speed.He made the second discovery by making an experiment from the leaning tower of Pisa.Galileo was one of the first men to look at the skies through a telescope.He discovered that the moon has mountains and valleys, that the Milky Way is made up of innumerable stars, and that Jupiter has four large satellites.He discovered sunspots and noticed that they move across the surface of the sun.In 1632 Galileo was condemned by the Inquisition because, like Copernicus, he had stated that the earth traveled round the sun.The Church's view then was that the earth was the center of the Universe.Galileo was tried by the Inquisition and forced to say he was wrong.He lived the rest of his life under house arrest.Comprehension Questions:

B.the moon has mountains and valleys.C.sunspots move across the surface of the earth.D.there are innumerable stars in the Milky Way.4.The Inquisition condemned Galileo because ______ A.what he said about the movement of the Earth didn't agree with the Church's view.B.he said that the Earth was the centre of the Universe.C.he liked Copernicus.D.he was wrong.5.As a result, Galileo ______ A.knew that he was wrong to say that the Earth was the centre of the Universe.B.knew that he was wrong to say that the sun was the centre of the Universe.C.lost his freedom.D.changed his view.(DDAAC)

5.Mozart, Well-known Austrian Composer

莫扎特—奥地利著名作曲家

莫扎特，奥地利作曲家，维也纳古典乐派的代表人物。1756年1月27日生于萨尔茨堡，1791年12月5日卒于维也纳，享年仅35岁。1762年，6岁的莫扎特在父亲的带领下到慕尼黑、维也纳、普雷斯堡作了一次试验性的巡回演出，获得成功。莫扎特的短暂一生写出了大量的音乐作品，体裁形式涉及到各个领域，留下了许多不朽的杰作。

Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus(1756-1791)was born in Salzburg, Austria.He had love for music when he was only three and took daily music lessonsfrom his father, a musical director.When he was five, he could not only play several musical instruments, but also had composed a number of short pieces of music.When he was seven he went with his family on a long music tour.Everywhere he went, he won great applause for his harpsichord, organ and violin playing.From the age of 13, he began to give concerts.In 1781, he moved to Vienna, where he met Haydn and they became great friends.This friendship proved to be important to both men, each learning a great deal from the other.Both composed their best music during the 10 years of their friendship, which ended only at Mozart’s early death.Comprehension Questions: 1.Mozart was born in ______ A.a rich family.B.a poor family.C.a musical family.D.a big family.2.Mozart was warmly welcomed everywhere he went because ______ A.he was very small.B.he had composed a number of short pieces of music.C.his father was a well-known musical director.D.he was very good at playing several musical instruments.3.If Mozart hadn’t made friends with Haydn ______ A.he wouldn’t have died so early.B.he couldn’t have composed such wonderful music as he really did.C.his music couldn't have received so much praise.D.his music would have become better than that of Haydn.4.Mozart’s health began to break because ______ A.he had worked too hard.B.he got too little money for the music that he had composed.C.his music was well received by the public.D.he had to support his family.

第三篇：2015年高中英语阅读理解 第三部分 名人故事(二)练习

第三部分 名人故事

（二）6.Johann Strauss, Another Famous Austrian Composer 约翰•施特劳斯—另一位奥地利著名作曲家

约翰·施特劳斯，奥地利的轻音乐作曲家、指挥家、小提琴家。出生在维也纳的一个音乐家庭，与父同名。小施特劳斯从小非常热爱音乐，耳濡目染受到父亲的音乐熏陶。他最著名的作品有《美丽的蓝色多瑙河》、《艺术家的生涯》、《酒与女人之歌》、《维也纳性情》、《维也纳森林的故事》、《维也纳糖果》和《春之声》等120余首维也纳圆舞曲，被誉为“圆舞曲之王”，其父老斯特劳斯被誉为“圆舞曲之父”。

Johann Strauss was born in Vienna in 1825.His father, a well-known musician, was a strange and moody man.He did not want any of his children to be musicians.He whipped young Johann because the boy insisted he should study music.At last, Johann left his family permanently.He felt sad about leaving the family because the wonderful music he always had with him at home was gone forever.The only good thing about the family separation, it seemed, was that young Johann would be free to study music.The dance called the waltz developed from a peasant dance in three-quarter time.The waltz became popular in Vienna, so it was only natural that Johann would be attracted to it.The orchestra Johann‟s father had directed was prepared to break up when the elder Strauss suddenly died.Young Johann offered to take his father‟s place.Most of the musicians questioned that a young man would expect to fill the shoes of a famous father.They did not take into consideration that the son already had an orchestra of his own which was becoming well known.Finally, one of the members persuaded the others to let the two orchestras be combined.Their first performance was a memorial concert played in his father‟s honor.Soon Vienna was paying tributes to the son.He wrote such famous waltz as Tales form the Vienna Woods and the Beautiful Blue Danube, and his music is still played today.His waltzes are as beautiful and timely as when Strauss first wrote them.Comprehension Questions:

1.Johann Strauss left home permanently because ______ A.he felt sad.B.the wonderful music he always had at home was gone forever.C.he wanted to study music freely.D.he didn't want to learn music from his father.B.most musicians didn't believe that young Strauss' feet were as big as his father's.C.most of the musicians thought he was unable to do so.D.most of the musicians considered him able to do so.4.Johann directed the first performance of the newly combined orchestra ______ A.because people didn't believe his ability.B.because one of the members persuaded the others to let him direct the orchestra.C.in memory of his father.D.because he could enjoy the honor of his father.5.Tales from the Vienna Woods is ______ A.a collection of stories written by Johann Strauss.B.a piece of famous waltz by Johann Strauss.C.as good a story as The Beautiful Blue Danube.D.a piece of beautiful waltz written first by Johann Strauss.(CBCCB)7.Charles Chaplin, King of the Film World

查理•卓别林—电影之王

查理·卓别林，英国电影演员，导演和制片人。1889年4月16日生于伦敦，1977年12月25日卒于瑞士科西耶。从1919年开始，卓别林独立制片，此后一生共拍摄80余部喜剧片，其中在电影史上著名的影片有《淘金记》、《城市之光》、《摩登时代》、《大独裁者》、《凡尔杜先生》、《舞台生涯》等。这些影片反映了卓别林从一个普通的人道主义者到一位伟大的批判现实主义艺术大师的过程。

More than one hundred years ago, in 1889, Charles Chaplin was born into the world.When a poor boy, he was often seen waiting outside the London theatres, hoping to get work in show business.His dream came true in the end.Chaplin became world-famous and almost a king in the world of the film.People everywhere have laughed at Chaplin‟s film until tears ran down their faces.From his very first appearance they know what to expect from the little man with a black moustache, wide-open eyes, a round black hat and shoes too large for his feet.He will fight men who are twice his size and fall in love with women who hardly noticed him..” Comprehension Questions: 1.Where do you guess Chaplin was from? ______

A.The USA.B.England.C.France.D.Canada.2.Why did Chaplin wait outside the London theatres? ______ A.Because he wanted to see some plays.B.Because he was asked to do something in show business.C.Because he wanted to find work in show business.D.Because he wanted to be a film star.3.What did Chaplin like to do in films? ______ A.To act as a poor man.B.To get into trouble.C.To make stupid mistakes.D.To make people laugh.4.What should we do if we want to succeed according to Chaplin? ______ A.We must have a secret.B.We have to learn a lot of performing skills.C.We should trust ourselves.D.We should tell others how to succeed in life.5.Charles Chaplin was considered to be ______

A.the king over the world.B.a very funny actor in the film.C.the best actor in the film world of his day.D.the best film producer of the world.(BCACC)

8.Louis Braille, the Man Who Made It Possible

For the Blind to Read and Write 路易斯•布雷尔—他使盲人读写成为可能

At first people did not believe that the system of Louis Braille was possible or practical.One day a girl who had been blind since she was born played the piano beautifully at a concert.Everybody was pleased.Then the girl got up and said that the people should thank Louis Braille, who had made it possible for her to learn music and to play the piano.Some of Louis‟ friends went to his home to see him.He was sick in bed.They told him what had happened.Louis began to cry.He said, “This is the third time in my life that I have cried.First, when I became blind.Second, when I heard „night writing‟, and now because I know that my life has not been a failure.”

A few days latter Louis died.He was only 43 years old.Comprehension Questions:

1.The Braille system is made up of _______ A.dots

B.dashes.C.holes.D.letters.2.Louis Braille wrote a book using the “Braille” system _______ A.not long after he arrived at the system.B.long before he arrived at the system.C.long after he arrived at he system.D.because people didn‟t believe his system.3.People began to believe that the Braille system was possible and practical as they ______ A.saw the blind girl play the piano beautifully.B.were asked to thank Louis Braille.C.were quite pleased with the blind girl.D.were told that the blind girl couldn‟t have succeeded without the Braille system.4.For the third time Braille cried because he knew_______ A.some of his friends had come to see him.B.he was sick in bed.C.he had succeeded in his life.D.he would die in a few days.等人的名声大，但他在艺术史上的位置却不容忽视。他的“图普医生的解剖学课”系列雕塑为他赢得了世界声誉。

Holland‟s most famous artist was Rembrandt van Rijn.He was born in Leyden in 1609, and even at an early age his drawing was brilliant and his understanding of light and shade was unusual among the artists of his day.In 1631, he settled in Amsterdam and painted a group of portrait called The Anatomy Lesson of Doctor Tulp.It can be seen in the Mauritshuis Museum today.Rembrandt made a lot of money, but spent it just as quickly and was always in debt.His style, however, continued to mature and in 1634 he painted another group of portrait, known as The Night Watch.It is one of his finest works.The painting is now in the Rijn-museum in Amsterdam.After that, Rembrandt‟s reputation began to fall.So did his eyesight and funds.His art, however, did not fall, and his greatest masterpieces were produced towards the end of his life.He died in 1669, after giving to the world 600 paintings, including his wonderful self-portrait, landscapes and religious work paintings that are among our greatest treasures.Comprehension Questions:

1.When Rembrandt was very young, ______ A.his drawing caused great admiration.B.people liked his brightness.C.he was an unusual artist of his day.D.he left Amsterdam.2.Rembrandt was always in debt because ______ A.he earned little money.B.he spent his money as quickly as he earned.C.he lent his money to his friends.D.he liked to borrow money from others.C.Rembrandt was at the height of art in 1934.D.Rembrandt‟s art declined towards the end of his life.(ABBAA)

10.John Baird, Inventor of the First TV Set

约翰•贝尔德—电视机的发明者

贝尔德，出生在英国，电视机的发明者。1929年，英国广播公司允许贝尔德公司开展公共电视广播业务。1930年，他语出惊人，提出了“彩色电视系统”构图。为此理想，百折不挠，顽强奋斗，终于在1941年12月测试成功。年仅56岁便与世长辞。他的坚忍不拔的科学家精神，为电视研发可以说鞠躬尽瘁，永怀世人心中。

An important thing can have a small beginning.The first television picture that was ever seen was not exciting.It was only a picture of a face, and the picture only traveled a few meters.But to the inventor, John Baird(1888-1946), it was wonderful.Baird had always been interested in science, but not all of his experiments had been successful.In 1900, when he was twelve, he and some friends built a private telephone system.It worked well, but one night a storm pulled down the wires.A man standing in the street was hurt by the falling wires, and the boys‟ telephone system had to be closed down.A few years later, Baird and a classmate built a plane, which they launched(with John in it)from a roof.Luckily, it fell on some grass, so John wasn‟t badly hurt.After studying electrical engineering at the University of Glasgow, John Baird got a job in a power station that supplied electricity to the Clyde Valley in Scotland.When he used the power supply at the station for one of his experiments, all of the electricity in the Clyde Valley was cut off!That was the end of his job.At this time, one of Baird‟s friends in Trinidad, Godfrey Harris, had often written to Baird about the wonderful climate there.Now John decided to go to live in Trinidad.When he arrived, Harris told him about a business idea that he had thought of.He said that he wanted to start a jam factory.Baird agreed, and they started the factory together.But, because they didn‟t know anything about making jams, all kinds of terrible things happened.Some kinds of insects fell into the jam.Also, when they put the jam into the jars, it spoiled.Finally, Baird became ill and left Trinidad.15-year-old boy.In January 1926, members of the British Royal Institution came to see his invention.Happily, Baird‟s demonstration was a success.Comprehension Questions:

1.Baird was interested in science ______

A.when he was studying at university.B.from his early childhood.C.only when was in his thirties.D.after he failed in a business.2.It took John Baird ______ to invent his television system.A.quite a long period B.almost three years C.no more than two years D.all his life 3.John Baird decided to go to Trinidad because ______

A.he had some inventions to make there.B.he wanted to go in for trade.C.he had jam factory to manage.D.the weather there was fine.

第四篇：事业单位会计制度(第三、四、五部分)

事业单位会计制度(第三、四、五部分)

事业单位会计制度(第三、四、五部分)

第三部分清理结算和结账

事业单位在终了前，应根据财政部门或主管部门的决算编审工作要求，对各项收支账目、往来款项、货币资金和财产物资进行全面的年终清理结算，在此基础上

办理结账，编报决算。年

终清理结算的主要事项包括：清理、核对预算收支数字和各项缴拨款项、上交下拨款项数字。年终前，对财政部门、上级单位和所属各

单位之间的全年预算数（包括追加追减和上、下划数字）以及应上交、拨补的款项等，都应按

规定逐笔进行汪理结算，保证上下级之间的预算数、领拨经费数和上交、下拨数一致。为了准确反映各项收支数额，凡属本的应拨应交款项，应当在１２

月３１日前汇达对方。主管会计单位对所属各单位的拨款应截至１２月２５日为止，逾期一般不再下拨。

凡属本年的各项收入都应及时入账。本年的各项应缴预算款和应缴财政专户的预算外资金收入，应在年终前全部上缴。属于本年的各项支出，应按规定的支出如

实列报。单位支出决算，一律以基层用款单位截至１２月３１日的本年实际支出数为准，不得将年终前预拨下年的预算拨款列入本年的支出，也不得以上

级会计单位的拨款数代替基层会计单位的实际支出数。事业单位的往来款项，年终前应尽量清理完毕。按照有关规定应当转作各面收入或各项支出的往来款项要及时转入

各有关账户，编入本年决算。事业单位年终应及时同开户银行对账，银行存款账面余额应用银行对账单的余额核对相符。现金账面余额应同库存现金核对相符。有价证券

账面数字，一般应同实存的有价证券核对相符。年终前，应对各项财产物资进行汪理盘点。发生盘盈、盘亏的，应及时查明原因，按规定作出处理，调整账务，作到账实

相符，账账相符。事业单位在年终清理结算的基础上进行年终结账。年终结账包括年终转账、结清旧账和记入新账。年终转账。账目核对无误后，首先计算出各账户借方

或贷方的１２月份合计数和全年累计数，结出１２月末的余额。然后，编制结账前的“资产负债表”，试算平衡后，再将应对冲结转的各个收支账户的余额按年终冲转办

法，填制１２月３１日的记账凭单办理结账冲转。结清旧账。将转账后无余额的账户结出全年总累计数，然后在下面划双红经，表示本账户全部结清。对年终有余额的账

户，在“全年累计数”下行的“摘要”栏内注明“结转下年”字样，再在下面划双红线，表示年终余额转入新账，旧账结束。记入新账。根据本各账户余额，编制年

终决算的“资产负债表”和有关明细表。将表列各账户的年终余额数（不编制记账凭单），直接记入新相应的各有关账户，并在“摘要”栏注明“上年结转”字样，以区别新发生数。事业单位的决算经财政部门或引级单位审批后，需调整决算数字时，应作相应调整。

第四部分　会计报表的编审

事业单位会计报表是反映事业单位财务状况和收支情况的书面文件，是财政部门和上级单位了解情况、掌握政策、指导单位预算执行工作的重要资料，也是编制下单位财务收支计划的基础。各单位财务部门必须认真做好会计报有的编审工作。

事业单位会计报表主要包括资产负债表、收入支出表、附表及会计报表附注和收支情况说明书等。报表格式及说明详见本制度附件《事业单位会计凭证》、《事业单位会计账簿》和《事业单位会计报表》。对于有专款收支业务的单位，应根据财政部门或主管部门的要求编报专项资金收支情况表，报表格式另定

事业单位会计报表应当根据登记完整、核对无误的账簿记录和其他有关资料编制，要做到数字正确，内容完整，报送及时。

一、各单位应当加强日常会计核算工作，会计报表的数字要根据经审核无误的会计账簿记录汇总，切实做到账表相符，有根有据，不得估列代编。

二、会计报表要层层汇总，上级单位要在编制本级会计报表的基础上，根据本级会计报表和经审查过的所属单位会计报表，编制汇总会计报表，并将上下级之间的对应科目数字冲销后，逐级汇总上报。上报上级单位和同级财政部门的会计报表必须经会计主管人员和单位负责人审阅签章并加盖公章。

三、国有事业单位应按本制度规定的格式、内容和期限，向财政部门或主管单位报送会计报表。中央各部门、各省、自治区、直辖市财政厅(局)可根据工作需要增设会计报表。事业单位内部管理需要的特殊会计报表，由单位自行规定。

四、会计报表分为月报、季报和年报(决算)三种。月份会计报表应于月份终了后三日报出；季度报表应于季度终了后五日报出；会计报表应按财政部决算通知规定及主管部门要求的格式和期限报出。年报应抄报同级国有资产管理部门。

第五部分　附　件

附件一　事业单位会计凭

证

一、原始凭征

原始凭证是经济业务发生时取得的书面证明，是会计事项的唯一合法凭证，是登记明细账的依据。事业单位原始凭证主要有：

1.收款收据；

2.借款凭证；

3.预算拨款凭证；

4.各种税票；

5.材料出、入库单；6.固定资产出、入库单；

7.开户银行转来的收、付款凭证；

8.往来结算凭证；

9.其他足以证明会计事项发生经过的凭证和文件等。

二、记账凭证

记账凭证是由会计人员根据审核后的原始凭证填制的，并作为登记账簿依据的凭证。事业

单位的记账凭证主要包括收款凭证、付款凭证和转账凭证三种。

1.记账凭证参考格式见格式

一、格式二和格式三。

格式一

收款凭证

出纳编号_______

制单编号_______

借方科目：年　月　日

───────┬─────┬─────────┬──────────┬──┐

对方单位│　摘　要　│　贷　方　科　目　│金额│记账│

│├────┬────┼──────────┤│

（或缴款人）││总账科目│明细科目│千百十万千百十元角分│符号│

───────┼─────┼────┼────┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┤

││││││││││││││││││附

││││││││││││││││││凭

││││││││││││││││││证

││││││││││││││││││

───────┴─────┼────┴────┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┤张

│合计金额│││││││││││││││

─────────────┴─────────┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┘

会计主管记账稽核出纳制单

格式二

付款凭证

出纳编号_______

制单编号_______

贷方科目：年　月　日

───────┬─────┬─────────┬──────────┬──┐

对方单位│　摘　要　│　借　方　科　目　│　金　额│记账│

│├────┬────┼──────────┤│

（或领款人）││总账科目│明细科目│千百十万千百十元角分│符号│

───────┼─────┼────┼────┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┤

││││││││││││││││││　附

││││││││││││││││││　凭

││││││││││││││││││　证

││││││││││││││││││　张

─────────────┼────┴────┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┤

│合计金额│││││││││││││││

─────────────┴─────────┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┘

会计主管记账稽核出纳制单

格式三

转账凭证

出纳编号_______

年　月　日制单编号_______

────┬─┬─────────┬───────┬──────────┬──┐

对方单位│摘│借　方│贷方│金　额│记账│

（或领　│　├────┬────┼───┬───┼──────────┤│

款人）│要│总账科目│明细科目│总账　│明细　│千百十万千百十元角分│符号│

│　│││科目　│科目　│││

────┼─┼────┼────┼───┼───┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┼┤附

│　│││││││││││││││││││凭

│　│││││││││││││││││││证

│　│││││││││││││││││││

│　│││││││││││││││││││张

────┴─┴────┴────┴───┴───┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┴┘

领

会计主管记账稽核出纳制单款人

缴

2.记账凭证编制方法

(1)事业单位应根据经审核无误的原始凭证，归类整理编制记账凭证。

记账凭证的各项内容必须填列齐全，经复核后凭以记账。制证人必须签名或盖章。

(2)记账凭证一般根据每项经济业务的原始凭证编制。当天发生的同类会计事项可以适当归

并后编制。不同会计事项的原始凭证，不得合并编制一张记账凭证，也不得把几天的会计事项

加在一起作一个记账凭证。

(3)记账凭证必须附有原始凭证。一张原始凭证涉及到几张记账凭证的，可以把原始凭证附

在主要的一张记账凭证后面，在其他记账凭证上注明附有原始凭证的记账凭证的编号。结账和

更正错误的记账凭证，可以不附原始凭证，但应经主管会计人员签章。

(4)记账凭证必须清晰、工整，不得潦草。记账凭证由指定人员复核，并经会计主管人员签

章后据以记账。

(5)记账凭证应按照会计事项发生的日期，顺序整理制证记账。按照制证的顺序，每月从第一号起编一个连续号。

(6)记账凭证每月应按顺序号整理，连同所附的原始凭证加上封面，装订成册保管。记账凭

证封面样式见格式四。

格式四

(单位名称)

记账凭证封面

──────┬──────────────────────────

时间　│年　月

──────┼──────────────────────────

册数　│本　月　共册本　册　是　第册

──────┼──────────────────────────

张数　│本册自第号至第号

──────┴──────────────────────────

会计主管装订人

3.错误更正

事业单位会计填制的记账凭证发生错误时，不得挖补、涂抹、刮擦或使用化学药水消字，应按下列方法更正：

(1)发现未登记账簿的记账凭证错误，应将原记账凭证作废，重新编制记账凭证；

(2)发现已经登记账簿的记账凭证错误，应采用“红字冲正法”或“补充登记法”更正。

采用计算机做记账凭证的，用“红字冲正法”时，以负数表示。

附件二　事业单位会计账簿

一、会计账簿种类

事业单位会计可根据需要设置以下账簿：

1.总账。作为核算资产、负债、净资产、收入、支出、结余的总括情况平衡账务，控制和

核对各种明细账。总账格式通常采用三栏式账簿，按照会计科目名称设置账户。

2.明细账。是用以对总账有关科目进行明细核算的账簿。明细账的格式一般采用三栏式或

多栏式。主要设置：

收入明细账。包括财政补助收入明细账、事业收入明细账、经营收入明细账、拨入专款明

细账、附属单位缴款明细账及其他收入明细账。

支出明细账。包括拨出经费明细账、拨出专款明细账、专项资金支出明细账、事业支出明

细账、经营支出明细账及对所属单位补助明细账等。

往来款项明细账。包括应收账款明细账、其他应收款明细账、应付账款明细账、其他应付

款明细账等。

会计账簿格式见格式

五、格式六。

格式五

三栏式账簿

账

本账页数会计科目：_________

本户页数户名：_________

余额

凭证号摘要借方金额贷方金额

年月日借或贷金额

格式六

多栏式账簿

明细账

明细科目或户名：_________第页

年

凭证号摘要借方贷方金额借(贷)方余额分析

月日

说明：各种收支明细账可采用本账格式。本账作支出明细核算时，“借(贷)方余额分析”

栏以借方为主。本账作收入明细核算时，“借(贷)方余额分析”栏以贷方为主。

二、账簿使用要求

1.会计账簿的使用，以每一会计为限。每一账簿启用，应填写“经管人员一览表”和

“账簿目录”，附于账簿扉页上。

账簿经管人员一览表和账户目录样式见格式

七、格式八。

格式七

经管人员一览表

┌────────┬──────────────────────┐

│财政机关名称││

├────────┼──────────────────────┤

│账簿名称││

├────────┼──────────────────────┤

│账簿页数│从第页起至第页止共页│

├────────┼──────────────────────┤

│启用日期│年月日│

├────────┼───────┬────────┬─────┤

│会计机构负责人││会计主管人员││

├────────┼───────┴────────┴─────┤

│经管人员│经管日期移交日期│

├────────┼──────────────────────┤

│接办人员│接管日期监交人员│

└────────┴──────────────────────┘

格式八

账户目录

科目编号和名称页号科目编号和名称页号

2.手工记账必须使用蓝、黑色墨水书写，不得使用铅笔、圆珠笔。红色墨水除登记收入

负数使用外，只能在划线、改错、冲账时使用。账簿必须按照编定的页数连续记载，不得隔

页、跳行。如因工作疏忽发生跳行或隔页时，应当将空行、空页划线注销，并由记账人员签

名盖章。

登记账簿要及时准确，日清月结，文字和数字的书写要清晰整洁。

3.会计账簿应根据已经审核过的会计凭证登记。记账时，将记账凭证的编号记入账簿内；

记账后，在记账凭证上用“√”符号注明，表示已登记入账。

4.各种账簿记录应按月结账，求出本期发生额和余额。

三、错误更正

账簿记录如发生错误，不能挖补、涂抹、刮擦或用化学药水除迹。应按下列方法更正：

手工记账发生文字或数字书写错误，用“划线更正法”更正，并由记账人员在更正处盖

章。

由于记账凭证科目对应关系填错引起的，应按更正的记账凭证登记账簿。

附件三事业单位会计报表

一、资产负债表

1.资产负债表(格式九)是反映事业单位在某一特定日期财务状况的报表。本表按照“资产

支出＝负债 净资产 收入”的平衡公式设置。左方为资产部类，右方为负债部类，左右两方总

计数相等。

2.事业单位应先编出本单位的资产负债表，然后与经审核无误的所属下级单位汇总的资产

负债表汇总，编成本部门总的资产负债表。

格式九

资产负债表

编表单位：年月日单位：元

科目编号资产部类年初数期末数科目编号负债部类年初数期末数

一、资产类

二、负债类

201借入款项

101现金202应付票据

102银行存款203应付账款

105应收票据204预收账款

106应收账款207其他应付款

108预付账款208应缴预算款

110其他应收款209应缴财政专户款

115材料210应交税金

116产成品负债合计：

117对外投资

120固定资产

三、净资产类

124无形资产301事业基金

资产合计：其中：一般基金

投资基金

302固定基金

303专用基金

306事业结余

307经营结余

五、支出类净资产合计：

501拨出经费

502拨出专款

四、收入类

503专款支出401财政补助收入

504事业支出403上级补助收入

505经营支出404拨入专款

509成本费用405事业收入

512销售税金409经营收入

516上缴上级支出412附属单位缴款

517对附属单位补助413其他收入

520结转自筹基建

支出合计：收入合计：

资产部类总计：负债部类总计：

二、收入支出表

收入支出表(格式十)是反映事业单位在一定期间的收支结余及其分配情况的报表。收入支

出表的项目，应当按收支的构成和结余分配情况分项列示。

收入支出表的附表主要是事业支出明细表(格式十一)和经营支出明细表(格式十二)。支出

明细表的项目应按“国家预算支出科目”列示。在事业支出明细表中，对于用财政拨款和预算

外资金收入安排的支出应按财政部门的要求分别列示。

格式十

收入支出表

编表单位：年月日单位：元

收入项目累计数支出项目累计数结余项目累计数

财政补助收入拨出经费事业结余

上级补助收入上缴上级支出1.正常收支结余

附属单位缴款对附属单位补助2.收回以前事业支出

事业收入事业支出

其中：预算外资金收入其中：财政补助支出

预算外资金支出

其他收入销售税金

结转自筹基建

小计小计

经营收入经营支出经营结余

销售税金以前经营亏损

（一）小计小计

拨入专款拨出专款结余分配

专款支出1.应交所得税

2.提取专用基金

3.转入事业基金

4.其他

小计小计

总计总计

格式十一

事业支出明细表

编表单位：年月日单位：元

项目合计基本工资补助工资其他工资职工福利费社会保障费助学金公务费设备购置费修缮费业务费其他费用备注

列次***13

事业支出

其中：

1．财政拨款支出

2．预算外资金支出

合计

编表说明:

1.“财政拨款支出”是指事业单位用财政补助收入安排的支出。

2.“预算外资金支出”是指事业单位用预算外资金收入安排的支出。

3.在“财政拨款支出”和“预算外资金支出”中对于财政部门指定用途的，应按指定的用途填列；对于没有指定用途，按本表所列项目分别列示。

4.本表按“款”填列，每“款”填一张报表。

5.各事业单位对于上述两项支出可根据核定预算和实际使用情况，采用统计方法填列。

格式十二

经营支出明细表

编表单位：年月日单位：元

项目合计基本工资补助工资其他工资职工福利费社会保障费助学金公务费设备购置费修缮费业务费其他费用备注

列次***13

经营支出

2

合计

补充资料：

实行内部成本核算的单位应填列以下成本费用的补充资料：

未结转到经营支出的成本费用：

其中：基本工资：职工福利费：设备购置费：

补助工资：社会保障费：修缮费：

其他工资：公务费：业务费：

其他费用：

编表说明：本表经营支出栏下可按经营业务的种类分类填列。

第五篇：【答案版】阅读理解练习(五)

初一年级阅读理解汇编

（五）阅读《父亲》，回答问题。

父亲

景凯旋

①快到父亲节了，给哥哥打电话，想知道父亲的墓地怎么样了。父亲的墓地就在青城后山，听说这次大地震，那儿的山体也有垮塌。当年听到父亲去世的消息时，我正在遥远的伊斯坦布尔，那个晚上，也是一个人走到一处墓地，把所有的墓碑看了个遍，然后坐在萧萧的柏树下，直到夜深。

②记忆中父亲的脾气很急躁。小时候在院子里玩土炮仗，他正巧路过，吓了一大跳，愤．．．．．．怒中捡起一块砖头，就冲我奔来。我连滚带爬才逃过一劫。还有一次，为件小事顶了父亲几．．．．．．．．句，他不由分说就重重给了我一巴掌，这下母亲生气了，不准我们跟父亲说话。几天后，我玩耍时跌了一跤，鼻血长淌，父亲又正巧路过，便把我叫住，从口袋里掏出一张手帕递给我。我心里一酸，原谅了父亲，母亲发起的纠葛自然也就停止了。

③父亲其实性格温和，从来没跟人红过脸。用一句古语说，他的一生是“沉沦下僚”，在大山深处的小县做一个小官员。他也很知足，常常骑车下乡，爬几千米高的高山。我常想，要不是时代的因缘际会，他也许就是山西老家一个乡村教员，不会大老远地跑到四川来，晚年也回不了故土。他能不知足吗？文革时，我们家占全了，父亲是“叛徒”，母亲是“特务”。那时候，母亲整夜睡不着觉，而父亲每次被批斗回来，倒头便睡。他后来说他不怕遭难，可我总有点不信，我觉得父亲是不能往深处想的人，这样反而好，不受苦。

④以后父母就提前退休了，迁到山外的都江堰。但父亲还是常坐着车回黑水去，他想把自己的历史问题解决好。记得有次他从外面回来，兴冲冲地给我们看一张纸，那是一份州里的文件，将他的党籍恢复至1937年，还惠而不费地给了个副厅级。看到这些，我们兄妹都漠然以对，父亲脸上有些尴尬，倒是母亲生气了，她说，虽然这没有什么意义，但毕竟是父亲的一个心愿。那一代人总是有许多心愿，难以了结。差可慰藉的是，父亲 年轻时也喜欢写点东西，还在1937年的《大公报》上发表过一篇小说《欠债者》，一看就是受五四新文学的影响。我翻遍图书馆，找到了这份报纸，让父亲高兴了好一阵子。

⑤晚年的父亲脾性越来越好，好微笑，好感伤，好流泪。家人聚在一起，聊起社会上的腐败，聊起某某事件，某某伟人去世，他总会禁不住老泪纵横，这时我们就会笑他，笑得他不好意思起来。他觉得以前的社会很纯洁，以后呢，还是有希望的。母亲骂他心存幻想，跟不上时代，但却不喜欢我们看不起父亲，她可以凶父亲，我们不行，她必须在子女面前维护父亲的那一点尊严。

⑥家里的事从来都是母亲做主，父亲倒成了可有可无的人。而且越到晚年，母亲越表现出决断的魄力，也比父亲有见识得多。但母亲毕竟也年纪大了，感情上越来越依赖子女。结果是许多事父亲听母亲的，母亲听我们的。而我们呢，却越来越少跟父母聊天，不是忙，是没有话讲。父亲不可能理解我，我也难以深入他的内心。虽说我在外地工作，也偶尔会想念他，但总觉得在忽略什么。在人与人的真正关系上，我们其实都是孤独的。

⑦父亲开始喜欢一个人散步，走到附近卫校的小树林里，对着下午的夕阳坐一会儿，然后站起来往回走。他的腰越来越弯，走得越来越慢，如果看到我们去接他，便会露出浅浅的笑容。因此，当听到父亲的噩耗时，我一时仍不能相信他就这样走了，他没什么大病，他是灯残油尽。据母亲后来对我说，父亲走的那一瞬间，眼里又流出了一滴眼泪。他是舍不得你们呀，她说。

⑧我常常想，父亲对我意味着什么？他是一座山，常挡住我的视线，为了自己方便和懒惰，我时常想绕行而过，等到这山塌了，我才突然明白，这座山挡住的是我们称之为终点的那个东西，从此以后我的前面也就一眼望到头了。

1、试分析第②自然段中加点词的表达效果？（2分）

【答案】抓住了父亲的神态、动作进行描写，（1分）形象生动地刻画了父亲急躁的特点（0.5分），表现了父亲对我的关爱之情（0.5分）

【解析】分析句子的表达效果，一般要从表现手法，修辞方法，表现人物性格和表达人物情/ 5

感等角度来进行，分析是要联系文章主旨。

2、阅读全文，说说父亲是一个怎样的人？（4分）

【答案】对子女粗暴关爱、对生活温和乐观、对荣誉执着珍视，晚年因孤独对家人更加依赖挂念。

【解析】仔细阅读全文，抓住相关故事情节，分析任务的性格特征。

3、文章回忆了父亲一生中的几个片断，蕴含了父子间怎样的感情？（3分）

【答案】从文中可以看出：父亲对我们深深的爱和希望（1分），以及我对父亲的理解、忏悔，还有感人至深的痛苦怀念之情。

【解析】阅读全文，注意要从两方面进行分析,即父亲对儿子，儿子对父亲。

4、联系全文，体会尾段画线句的含义和作用？（4分）

【答案】含义：年轻时的父亲在“我”眼中如同一座山 一般威严粗暴，让“我”敬畏远避；晚年父亲的去世却让我一下子看到人生的全部，“称之为终点的那个东西”指人生尽头，说明父亲的去世让我失去了精 神的依靠，让我痛苦万分。作用：结构上收束全文，照应前文回忆“父亲的脾气很急躁”，以及父亲孤独离世的内容，在情感内容上升华了主题，拓展了情感内涵。

【解析】理解句子含义：一要联系文章内容，二要了解作者的背景，三要找出重点词语来理解，四要展开想象和联想，五要通顺连贯组织起来。在平时要多练习，方能逐步掌握其技巧。阅读《乡村的炊烟》，回答问题。

乡村的炊烟 钱国宏

①到了乡下，浑身上下便像松劲的弹簧，骤然间放松了许多——因为有了炊烟的润泽。②前几日到乡下看望年迈的父母，赶至老家的村外时，已是黄昏时分了。未进村子，便遥遥地望见了村落上空懒散飘荡的炊烟。浓重的，似丹青妙手随意的泼墨；轻淡的，如浣纱姑娘信手放飞的一缕白纱，萦绕在村子的上空，萦绕在茂密却又稀疏的树冠之间。

③炊烟，牵出了我多少美好的回忆啊！我生在农村，长在乡下。一年四季中，炊烟像永不凋谢的玫瑰，傲然开在庄户人的视野里、生活中。沐浴在炊烟中，我仿佛又回到了无忧无虑的童年，一组组美好而又难忘的画面争相在眼前叠现：炊烟中，我挎着菜篮子去地里剜野菜，不知名的鸟在树头叽叽喳喳地唱个不停，嫩黄的野花与婆 婆丁、苦麻菜一起，生机勃勃地点缀着星期天的晌午；水田里，稻苗青青、渠水泠泠，空气里弥漫着水的清凉和花的馨香……

④早晨，曙色熹微，小村的轮廓渐渐在淡淡的晨雾中清晰起来，一柱柱炊烟慵懒地织上天空。于是，刚刚睁开惺忪睡眼的小村便有了生机和灵气。在冉冉升起的酡红旭日中，狭窄的村巷，古朴的房舍，错落的树木，以及泄闸般涌出圈栏的牛羊，便都在灰蒙蒙的炊烟中，统统被诗意化了——故乡，也因此成了一帧水墨画，永远地定格在我的记忆中。

⑤中午，在放午学的村童们嘹亮的歌声中，炊烟又再一次爬上树梢。炊烟中，依稀可以望见健壮的村姑们在高高的豆角架和黄瓜架间寻觅，采摘着午日的菜肴。收音机里又传出了单田芳那一波三折、扣人心弦的评书，骡马们拉着犁杖风尘仆仆地从垄间赶回来，闻着熟悉的炊烟的气息，它们在槽头时不时地打着响鼻。炊烟在无风的正午随心所欲地飘荡着，与灶间飘出的炒菜香气和锅铲叮当声一起，成为小村午时特有的旋律。

⑥傍晚，天地间一片静穆。炊烟再次从烟囱里钻出来，恋恋不舍地在青麻和青稞间游移。牛羊们驮着落日的余晖再次涌进巷口，晚归的牧童骑在牛背上，清脆的嗓音连同刚刚学会的儿歌，在乡间的小路上银币一般叮叮当当地跳跃；大人噙着烟斗，挽着裤脚，披一身余晖款款而归；衣着朴素的村姑们鬓插野花，裹着麦香飘进村口；年迈的老婆婆在炊烟的映衬下，拄着拐杖守在大门外，等候晚归的儿女。/ 5

⑦乡村的早晨，因炊烟而令人迷恋；乡村的正午，因炊烟而令人流连；乡村的傍晚，因炊烟而令人陶醉。炊烟，是乡下女人在灶间孵化的梦；是乡下汉子放飞的鼾声；是乡下孩子嘴角溜出的童谣；是乡下老婆婆望归的真情……

⑧有炊烟的日子是甜美、满足的日子，咋过、咋唱，都不过分，都不知足；有炊烟的巷子是神秘、多情的巷子，咋走、咋看，都不过瘾，都不愿离开；有炊烟的村落是真正的村落，咋描，咋画，都难显其中的灵性和韵味。那灵性是骡马在槽头咀嚼余晖的悠闲，那韵味是竹杖叩击石板路的清亮声音……

⑨炊烟是乡村引以自豪的标志，炊烟更是村落的灵魂和旗帜。炊烟依附于村落，村落又呵护了炊烟；炊烟诠释了村落，村落又繁衍了炊烟。

⑩缺少炊烟的乡下日子，孤独、落寞、苍白、无味；拥有炊烟的乡下日子，激情、喜兴、浓烈、有神！

⑾炊烟，是乡村这根笛管中吹奏出的一支最美的、最亮的、最响的、横亘古今的、形神毕肖的黄钟大吕！

1、在作者笔下，乡村的一切都充满了诗情画意，让人流连不已。请根据文章内容写出两点。（2分）

小村的诗意在哪里？让我来轻轻地告诉你——她在早晨的里，她在中午的喧嚣和热闹里，她在傍晚的里……

【答案】生机和灵气；宁静和温馨。

【解析】学生感知文本内容，学会在文章中找出照应的内容，又要学会概括内容的能力。此处能总结概括内容合理即可。

2、体会第③段画线句“炊烟，牵出了我多少美好的回忆啊！”的作用？（4分）

【答案】这句话在内容上直抒胸臆，表现了炊烟这一形象与美好难忘的童年生活的密切联系（2分）；结构上承上启下，引起下文对炊烟以及童年乡村生活的描写。（2分）。【解析】中考中记叙文经常出现分析文章某一段或某一句在内容或结构上的作用。内容上有：点明文章中心主旨、画龙点睛等作用；而结构上通常有：总领全文、承上启下、照应前文等作用。此处这句话在内容上直抒胸臆，表现了炊烟这一形象与美好难忘的童年生活的密切联系；结构上承上启下，引起下文对炊烟以及童年乡村生活的描写。

3、本文语言形象生动而富有表现力，请对第⑧段画线句进行赏析。（4分）

有炊烟的日子是甜美、满足的日子，咋过、咋唱，都不过分，都不知足；有炊烟的巷子是神秘、多情的巷子，咋走、咋看，都不过瘾，都不愿离开；有炊烟的村落是真正的村落，咋描，咋画，都难显其中的灵性和韵味。

【答案】诗一样的语言、大量短句甚至词语（1分），读起来朗朗上口，节奏感强，具有音韵美（1分），生动形象地表现了有炊烟的村落的灵性和韵味（或突出有炊烟的日子的甜美、满足和有炊烟巷子的神秘、多情）（1分），表现出作者对故乡的留恋和怀念（1分）。【解析】学生应注意语言赏析的常见题型。

1、分析某个加点词语的表达效果。答题方法：（1）了解用词之美——动词形容词精辟准确，把事物说得形象具体；使用成语，为文章增色；关键词能为中心服务。（2）掌握答题技巧：把握词语的比喻义、引申义、双关义。类型2：找出文中你最喜欢的句子，并说说理由。答题方法：（1）了解语言美的几种形式及作用①修辞之美------比喻、拟人：生动形象地写出xx事物的xx特点。排比：增强文章气势，增加感染力、说服力；对比：突出描写对象的某种特点；反复：有强调语气，强化内容的作用；夸张：突出事物特征，揭示本质，给读者以鲜明而强烈的印象；对偶：语句整齐、意韵铿锵；反问：增强语气，强烈抒情。注：必须结合相关语句分析。②句式之美----如骈句、长短句、对偶句、也有排比句，还有运用一组关联词语的句子等等。（作用：句式不同，表/ 5

达的效果就不同。疑问句造成悬念，反问句加强语气，也可以从灵活多变、富有表现力等方面去品味其妙处）③哲理之美———形象而含蓄，具有言外之意，富有哲理的句子。这些句子一般在文章的开头结尾。（作用：可以给人以启迪教育作用。）④内容之美——内容丰富、题材新颖又与中心连接紧密的句子。

4、联系全文，说说你对第⑨段画线句“炊烟更是村落的灵魂和旗帜”的理解？（4分）

【答案】村落因为有了炊烟才有了生机和灵气，炊烟依附、诠释村落，是村落繁衍生息的 标志和旗帜（2分），同时，炊烟又是村民的精神寄托，让乡村生活充满激情、喜气、浓烈、有神。（2分）

【解析】理解文章语句的含义，一要结合具体的语境，二要联系上下文，三要紧扣文章的中心主题，并能从文章的信息中找出依据和理由。阅读《淡竹》，回答问题。

淡竹 苏沧桑

①初秋，我和他相遇在江南湖州一个叫“百草原”的山林中。

②他是竹，植物中的另类。他看上去清瘦且憔悴，相对于百草原的其他植物，像一个混得不太好的中年人。

③稻子，正是扬花灌浆的妙龄，名牌大学生般踌躇满志；银杏终于褪去了一身浓艳，和蓝天的高洁媲美；法国梧桐是老实人，沉浸在年代久远的优越感里，并不知道，有一种鹅掌梧桐，要悄然代替它无敌的位置；兰花三七，像极薰衣草，却更美，所有的花都虔诚地朝一个方向，像被一种崇高使命蛊惑；浮萍无根，却有心肺，挣脱着随波逐流的命运。贪婪的蔓，不知羞耻地攀爬在高大的冷杉上，一边噬血，一边甜言蜜语……

④几乎所有的植物，都攒足劲儿，在喊——我要生存!我要开花!我要结果!⑤甚至那口奇异的古井，都像藏着无穷的欲望，日夜暗涌不息的水，居然漫过高出地面一米的井沿。如果将井沿继续垒高，水会怎样? ⑥他是竹，是植物中的另类。其实，名利、金钱、权势，如同阳光雨露的垂爱，蜜蜂花蝶的青睐，他不是不想要，可是，要弯下腰，要费心机——要将每一条根都变成利爪，团结土壤，虚伪地赞美越来越污浊的空气；要与昆虫讲和，与风霜妥协；对苍蝇漠视，对强加在身上的种种不公委曲求全，才能安身立命，才能有飞黄腾达的可能。

⑦可是，他的节生来就是直的，他不能弯腰；他的心生来就是空的，他不愿费尽心机。⑧真的是空的吗?不。那一节节空里，早已成就一个美妙的小宇宙——有与生俱来的一些坚持，有人生一世、草木一秋的豁达智慧，有对土地的感恩，有和另一棵竹的爱，与笋的亲，与周 围无数青光绿影的促膝长谈，开怀畅饮，有鸟儿偶尔驻足的的呢喃，有清风明月的和唱……笑忘功名利禄，荒芜繁杂的每一秒时光都格外静谧而美好。

⑨那一节节空里，是永远的盈满。

⑩更让我惊异的，他不仅直，空，而且淡。他是淡竹——全球原始淡竹最大群落中的一员。从外表到骨子，都是竹子里的最淡——淡紫、淡红、淡褐、淡绿、淡泊。所以，他与世无争到看 淡生死。

⑪他可以很入世。生可以防风，成阴，美化环境；死可以做篾，成为最土最实用的晒．．竿、瓜架、凉席，竹桌、竹椅、竹篮。他可以很出世。他是箫与笛的前世，不死的魂魄随天．．籁之音往来天地之间，优雅散淡而隽永。

⑫当然，这并不表示他逆来顺受，他会和压在头顶上的积雪抗争，他不允许荒草占领脚下的领地，他摇曳着枝竿向毒蛇示威，他告诉所有的竹要独善其身兼爱天下。

⑬他是李白，“安能摧眉折腰事权贵，使我不得开心颜”；他是陶渊明，“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”；他是郑板桥，“盖竹之体，瘦劲孤高，枝枝傲雪，节节干霄，有君子之豪气凌云，不为俗屈”；他是文天祥，“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”；他是苏轼，“宁可食无肉，不可居无竹”；他是疯疯颠颠的释道济公，“数枝淡竹翠生光，一点无尘自有香”；他是岳飞、辛弃疾，他是中国儒家，“山南之竹，不操自直，斩而为箭，射而则达”…… / 5

⑭他是我们身边那些坚守着什么的人。他们懂得，浓墨重彩是一辈子，云淡风清也是一辈子。奴颜婢膝是一辈子，坦荡潇洒也是一辈子。他们选择了后者，等于选择了物质上的清瘦，心灵上的丰衣足食。

⑮于是，这些自由快乐的心灵，站在一个孤寂的阵营里，成为人世间越来越弥足珍贵的另类，风雨过处，仰天长笑。

1、解释第⑪自然段中加点的“入世”和“出世”两个词的含意。（4分）入世： 出世： 【答案】“入世”，是指淡竹身为济世良材，不论活着还是死后，都能对社会做出贡献。“出世”，指淡竹超脱俗尘，融于自然，优雅散淡。【解析】此题考查词语的语境义，这需要联系文章的内容来考虑．本题的第⑥—⑪自然段，既说道了淡竹的功用，更写到了它不媚俗，“不与世无争到看淡生死”，“优雅散淡而隽永”，联系这些内容来解答此题。

2、请赏析第②自然段中划线句子的表达效果。（3分）

【答案】运用了比喻、拟人的修辞手法，生动形象地写出了稻子作为庄稼中的精品，准备继续生长结实，走向辉煌的丰收。

【解析】本题考查赏析文章精妙语句的能力。赏析句子的一般方法为：方法+效果+情感，在分析效果和情感时必须结合具体的语句才行，这就需要把握好作者的情感。

3、文章第③—⑤自然段，用不少笔墨写了淡竹之外的一些事物，这样写有什么目的？（3 分）

【答案】作者运用了对比（或反衬）的手法。用其它事物对名利的欲望和拼争，反衬出淡竹淡泊名利、与世无争、坚贞自守的品格。

【解析】此题实际是对文章写作手法的考查。文章③—⑤自然段写稻花、银杏、梧桐、古井等植物和事物，那些事物或追求美或追求生存，都有自己的欲望，这正好反衬了竹的与世无争、淡泊名利。

4、文中两次说到淡竹是“植物中的另类”，请结合全文说说作者为什么这样说？（4分）

【答案】因为淡竹不仅直、空，而且淡泊名利、一身正气；同时，它生是一道风景，死可以成为实用器物。

【解析】此题考查对文章内容的理解，这需要认真、仔细的阅读文章，筛选或概括出，这需要从竹所表现的精神层面和实用层面进行解答，可以借助文章中的词语，这样正确率较高。/ 5