第一篇：高二英语上学期期末考试试题(附答案)
海南中学2016-2017学年第一学期期末考试
高二英语试题
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从试题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How does the man feel? A.Worried.B.Satisfied.C.Regretful.2.What was the regular price of one bag? A.300 dollars.B.600 dollars.C.450 dollars.3.Why hasn’t the woman seen the man recently? A.He has changed his job.B.He has been too busy.C.He has been out of town.4.Who might be promoted to the president of the company? A.Alden.B.Bruce.C.Kevin.5.What does the woman want the man to do? A.Carry the box for her.B.Hold the door open for her.C.Open the box for her.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What is the wrong with the bedroom air-conditioner? A.It is old.B.It is noisy.C.It doesn’t cool.7.Which of the following was fixed last year? A.The washing machine.B.The sofa.C.The refrigerator.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.Why doesn’t the man want to go to Cebu? A.He’d rather take one flight.B.It is too expensive.C.The weather is too bad there.9.Where will the man probably choose to go in the end? A.Bali.B.Manila.C.Jakarta.10.What can we know from the dialogue? A.The man has been to Bali.B.The man’s wife has been to Bali.C.The woman probably works at a travel agency.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.What did the man’s terrible day begin with? A.Picking up his dry cleaning.B.Having breakfast with Nina.C.Taking a bus downtown.12.Why did the man go to the clinic? A.His ear was cut at the barber’s.B.He had a hearing problem.C.He got into a fight with Jack.13.What happened to the man that day? A.He was fired by his boss.B.He missed an important meeting.C.He was too early for work.2
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.When is the deadline for the contest? A.April 21st.B.April 22nd.C.March 22nd.15.What prevents the man’s father from taking part in the contest? A.His age.B.His occupation.C.His nationality.16.What is in the picture taken by Amelia Rehrman? A.A lot of people.B.The front yard of a house.C.A little girl.17.How old is Amelia Rehrman now? A.12 years old.B.11 years old.C.13 years old.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.How long did Steve Jobs fight against cancer? A.About nine years.B.About five years.C.About seven years.19.What did Steve Jobs always say? A.Do what you love.B.Do what you can.C.Do what you should.20.How did Barack Obama describe Jobs? A.Successful and popular.B.Brave, bold and talented.C.Passive energetic.and 海南中学2016-2017学年第一学期期末考试
高二英语试题
第一卷
二、阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共10小题：每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A Londoners are great readers.They buy vast numbers of newspapers and magazines and of books---especially paperbacks, which are still comparatively cheap in spite of ever-increasing rises in the costs of printing.They still continue to buy “proper” books, too, printed on good paper and bound（装订）between hard covers.There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in book-selling.Perhaps the best known of these is Charring Cross Road in the very heart of London.Here bookshops of all sorts and sizes are to be found, from the celebrated one which boasts of being “the biggest bookshop in the world” to the tiny, dusty little places which seem to have been left over from Dickens’ time.Some of these shops stock, or will obtain, any kind of book, but many of them specialize in second-hand books, in art books, in foreign books, in books on philosophy, politics or any other of the countless subjects about which books may be written.One shop in this area specializes only in books about ballet!Although it may be the most convenient place for Londoners to buy books, Charring Cross Road is not the cheapest.For the really cheap second-hand books, the collector must venture off the beaten track, to Farringdon Road, for example, in the East Central district of London.Here there is nothing so impressive as bookshops.The booksellers come along each morning and pour out their sacks of books onto small hand carts.And the collectors, some professionals and some amateurs, have been waiting for them.In places like this they can still, occasionally, pick up for a few pence an old one that may be worth many pounds.21.“Londoners are great readers” means that _____.A.Londoners read a lot
B.There are a great number of readers in London C.Londoners are readers who read only great books D.Londoners are great because they read a lot 22.According to this passage, Charring Cross Road _____.A.is famous for its bookshops
B.is in the suburbs of London C.contains various kinds of shops
D.is the busiest street in London 23.In this passage, what does the underlined part “venture off the beaten track” mean? A.buy books in a most busy street
B.take a risk of losing one’s life C.waste time looking for books
D.move away from a busy street 24.On Farringdon Road, ____.A.you can find fine bookshops for the latest books
B.you can see book sellers selling books on hand-carts C.there are only small bookshops for the second-hand books D.the same books as the ones in the bookshops of Charring Cross Road are sold
B The scene in the Hollywood movie The Day After Tomorrow, where global warming could soon turn the global climate into a new ice age may never occur, according to new research.The next ice age could be 15,000 years away, say European scientists who last month announced a continuous record of 740,000 years of climate data obtained from the Antarctic（南极）ice.Scientists from 10 nations have now almost completely drilled through a 3000-meter depth of ice high in the Antarctic mainland.They figure out that the area where summer temperatures can fall to-40℃,has at least 900, 000 years of snowfalls, kept as neatly as the growth rings of a tree.And the ice and air caught in each layer have begun to answer questions about the climates in the past.The results show that there have been eight ice ages in the past 740 000 years and eight warmer periods.And by comparing the pattern of global condition today with those of the past, the researchers reported in Nature that the present warm period could last another 15 000 years.Research suggests that there is a very close connection between greenhouse gas levels and global average temperatures.It also shows that carbon dioxide levels are the highest for at least 440 000 years.“If people say to you: the greenhouse effect is a good thing because we would go into ice age otherwise, our data say no, a new ice age is not hanging over our heads,” said Eric Wolff from the British Antarctic Survey.“Now we have eight examples of how the climate goes in and out of ice ages...and you can learn what the rules are that go into the climate models that tell us about the future.”
Scientists found that whenever temperatures rose in the frozen record, so did carbon dioxide level.“In 440 000 years we have never seen greenhouse gas get as thick as it is today,” said Dr Wolff.25.In drilling through the ice in Antarctica, scientists have found that____.A.the lowest temperature there is-40℃ B.the depth of ice is 3000 meters C.snowfalls are kept in certain patterns D.the ice has existed for 15,000 years 26.The information of the global climate conditions in the past can be obtained through ____.A.separating carbon dioxide from the air B.examining the growth rings of trees C.comparing temperatures in different areas D.studying the ice and air caught in each layer 27.We can infer from Eric Wolff's words that____.A.there is something wrong with the data B.greenhouse effect is always a bad thing C.greenhouse gas will get thick in the future D.a new ice age will not come in the near future
C Babies are born yogis.Once we were all able to pull our toes up by our ears and laugh about it.Then we aged, got injured, and began carrying stress in our shoulders and back.In short, we lost our balance.Yoga（瑜伽）is an ancient practice that helps create a sense of union in body, mind, and spirit.It brings us balance.I was seriously out of balance when I started practicing yoga in 1999.I had plantar fascitis(足底筋膜炎)in both feet, and my doctor had warned me against all the things I loved to do: walking, hiking, and playing tennis.I was desperate for exercise.Yoga became my salvation(拯救)and even enhanced my other fitness activities.I practice yoga at least twice a week, but I consider yoga to be part of my daily life because after a while you no longer just practice yoga—you love it.Yoga becomes part of your physical life.Your body grows stronger, more toned, and more flexible as you move from one pose to the other.I spent a week in Mexico at a yoga retreat(静修), and it was the first vacation on which I lost weight.“Rather than building muscle, yoga builds muscle tone,” says Shakta Kaur Khalsa, author of the K.I.S.S.Guide to Yoga.“Because yoga helps maintain a balanced metabolism(新陈代谢), it also helps to regulate weight.Additionally, yoga stretches muscles lengthwise, causing fat to be removed around the cells.” I do yoga poses throughout the day.After hours at my computer, I stretch my stiff shoulders and arms.When I need a boost of energy, I do energizing poses.When I am feeling exhausted at the end of the day, I do restorative poses.Yoga becomes part of your mental life.Yoga teaches you to focus on breathing while you hold the poses.This attention to breath is calming;it dissolves stress and worries.I use yogic breathing on the tennis courts, in the dentist’s chair, and in traffic jams.You should always leave a yoga practice feeling energized, not tired.If you feel tired after yoga, it means you spent the time “fighting” yourself, trying to force yourself into poses.In yoga, you “surrender” to the pose by letting go of the tension.Yoga becomes part of your spiritual life.Yoga is practiced by people from all religions;it is not restricted to any religious group.Yoga teaches “right” living in how we deal with ourselves and others.As I work on a difficult pose, I learn patience, forgiveness, and the value of gentleness.Yoga advocates proper eating, but you don’t have to be a vegetarian to practice yoga.28.What would be the best title for this passage? A.What’s Yoga?
C.How I Do Yoga Poses
29.People
feel
B.The Benefits of Yoga
D.The Varieties of Yoga
tired
after
yoga
because _____.A.they respond well to yoga poses B.they force themselves into yoga poses.C.they spend too much time on yoga
D.they consume energy in practicing yoga 30.If this passage continues, what will the writer most probably write about in the next paragraph?
A.Yoga as a means to keep fit.B.Different yoga poses.C.Popularity of yoga all over the world.D.Encouraging people to do yoga.第二节（共5小题：每小题2分, 满分10分）
信息填空: 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
__31__ Many things can become distractions(分散注意力的事).Your ability to focus your mind, emotions and physical movements will directly influence your success.Staying focused on the task at hand can be easier said than done.Here are some powerful techniques that can help you improve your ability to focus.For physical control, it helps to have a constant exercise schedule.__32__ Exercising helps you gain better command of your body, and even goes beyond the body, giving you more flexibility not just physically but also emotionally and mentally.When you feel more comfortable in your body, you increase your self-confidence, which helps you feel more relaxed.For mental control, meditation(沉思；冥想)does the task.__33__ It’s easy to get distracted by things in your background, but in order to perform well you have to maintain a high degree of focus.When you relax your thoughts it trains your mind to deal effectively with outside distractions so you can stay centered on what matters most at the moment._34__ It prevents you from overreaction and also from overacting.When your emotions settle down, you gain greater awareness of the environment you’re in, and feel calm and in control._35__ The good thing is that self-control can be developed.Start exercising frequently, get yourself into meditation, and start to feel positive changes in your career and your life in general.A.There are many benefits of exercising.B.In short, focus requires self-control.C.There are still some disadvantages of exercise.D.Focus is an important part of success and achievement in general.E.Your emotions are well served by meditation as well.F.It helps block out all the noise and activities that are going on around you.G.In meditation, people sit quietly and focus their attention on their breath.三、完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Growing up at a distance – geographical and emotional – from my unfriendly father meant I always doubted his feelings for me.Until his final few days…...I grew up completely lacking hugs.36 of my parents was the cuddly(令人想拥抱的)type.Greetings involving kissing embarrassed me, and hugging generally just made me feel 37.Then one hug 38 all that.One month before my 40th birthday my dad had a heart surgery.As he came 39 , days later, he grabbed me and hugged me so 40 that I had to push with all my might(力气)to 41 my head from pressing down on his newly stitched(缝合)chest.It was a hug to 42 all those we had never had.Days later as he slowly started to gain 43 , he told me for the first time ever that he 44 me, and through my tears I told him I loved him too.I began planning how to bake him better – with carrot cakes, victoria sponges, jelly and ice cream.And I imagined wheeling him through the park and feeding him home-made goodies.Then he 45.I felt cheated.All my life I had 46 whether my dad loved me – I doubted it.Just as I got 47 that he did, he passed away.My parents 48 when I was two years old and, while I had monthly contact with my dad, I used to 49 the visits to see him and my bitter stepmother and count the hours until I could go home again.Each stay 50 in an uncomfortable slight and quick kiss on the cheek from Dad as he said goodbye—a moment I felt embarrassed and uncomfortable about for hours in advance.51 , standing beside the hospital bed watching my sleeping father was painful.I felt like a little girl at his bedside, 52 to talk to him yet again.I became fixated(异常依恋)with his fingers—fat and soft, lying gently beside him.Slowly they transformed from fleshy sausages to stone—white and immovable.It was his fingers 53 told me he had gone from this life.54 time moving on, my sadness and anger at his untimely death began to fade.I realized that his statement of me from his deathbed had filled a gaping hole of insecurity I had constantly carried around.Dad's hug had a great effect on me.It carried me along a path from childhood to adulthood, At last I am my own woman and one who loves
better than a good old-fashioned hug． 36.A.None 37.A.puzzled 38.A.changed 39.A.off
B.Neither B.happy
C.Each C.awkward
D.Both
D.relaxed
D.proved
B.decided
C.supported
B.round B.hard
C.out D.up D.gently D.protect D.make out
D.power D.respected
D.smiled 40.A.hardly 41.A.preserve
C.gentle C.avoid B.keep
42.A.make up B.make up for 43.A.force B.strength
C.make up of
C.energy
44.A.missed B.hated 45.A.died 46.A.realized B.slept
C.loved
C.recovered
B.forgotten
C.remembered
D.wondered 47.A.information B.opinion 48.A.gave up
C.idea
D.proof
D.woke up B.stayed up C.broke up 49.A.be afraid of B.be eager for to 50.A.began B.ended B.Moreover
C.be dying for D.be addicted
C.remained D.started D.Besides 51.A.However
C.Therefore 52.A.unhappy 53.A.what 54.A.As
B.unexpected B.where B.With
C.unable C.that
D.unwilling
D.which
C.Although C.something
D.Since D.everything 55.A.nothing B.anything
第II卷
注意：请将答案写在答题卡的框内，写在试卷上或答题卡框外无效。
四、课文填空(每空1分，共计15分)请严格按照课文原文填空
A At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were 56 , but today they are accepted as the beginning of 57 we call “modern art”.This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.There are 58 of modern art styles, but 59 the Impressionists, many of these paintings might not exist.B I was 60 asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train 61 my window.Having experienced quite a few 62 in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.I was about to go back to sleep 63 I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance.There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was 64 hundreds of metres into the air.It was an 65 fantastic sight.C 1.We use a lot of energy in our houses.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance 66 so long as you are not using it---if not, turn them off!Don’t be 67 about this.2.Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if 68 allow you to.It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials.So if you can, buy things from 69 materials.3.Finally and most 70 , be an educator.Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them what you have learned.五、语法填空（(每空1分，共计10分)在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式(不超过3个词)。71.Climbing up Changbaishan left the tourists feeling _________(breathe)and weak.72.___________________(shoot)by mistake in the hunt, the hunter was taken to hospital immediately.73.I would appreciate ________ if you could teach me how to appreciate those abstract paintings on display.74.If I had had enough money on me, I ______________(sponsor)your project that day.75.Listening to music is a good way to lower your level of __________(anxious).76.Please tell me ________ it is that you bought the copy of Tagore’s poem collection.I will go and buy one, too.77.Working with SARS patients day and night, the nurses risked ____________(infect)with the virus.78.How does it come about ____________ the level of water in the well rises and falls these days? 79.“I suppose we’d better make a move.” he said, _______(glance)at his watch.80.I was down the crater taking measurements ____________ the ground began to tremble.六、单句改错（(共10小题：每小题各1分，共10分)错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。按以下要求进行修改：
1）增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词； 2）删词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉；
3）修改：在错的词下画一条横线，并在该横线下面写出修改后的词。注意：
1、每处错误及修改均仅限一词;
2、凡答题不符合规定要求的计零分！
81.We need some high-tech equipments for keeping the temperature steady.82.It was him who won the championship at the poem writing competition.83.With more and more cars running on the road, huge quantities of carbon dioxide is being emitted.84.Who was it that responsible for the car accident? 85.The plan we were opposed to working well in the other school.86.I would rather you didn’t hurt her the other day.87.All the tickets had been sold out, we had to leave disappointedly.88.Luckily, we’d brought a road map with which we would have lost our way.89.The student was so naughty that my patience ran out of at last.90.Resulted in great loss, Typhoon Rammasun has been considered the strongest in the past few decades.七、书面表达：
假设你是我校2015级中英班学生Johnson。最近你发现同学们带食物进教室，造成塑料垃圾泛滥。请你给校国际交流中心钟主任写信，反映这一现象，并就如何减少校园塑料垃圾，改善校园环境提出建议。
要点：1.校园塑料垃圾泛滥的现象和影响 2.你的建议
要求：1.字数100左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数。
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文流畅。
Dear Ms Zhong，I am Johnson, a student from the 2015 A level Class in our school.——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Yours sincerely, Johnson
答案
一、听力：1-5 CCBAA 6-10 BAAAC 11-15 AABAA 16-20 CACAB
二、阅读: 21-24 AADB 25-27 CDD 28-30 BBD 31-35 DAFEB
三、完形填空：36-55：BCABB DBBCA DDCAB ACCBA
四、课文填空：56.controversial 59.without
57.what
58.scores
60.fast 61.passing 64.fountaining
67.casual
70.importantly 62.earthquakes 63.when 65.absolutely
66.on
68.circumstances 69 recycled
五、语法填空： 71.breathless
72.Having been shot或者Shot 73.it 75.anxiety
78.that
76.where
79.glancing 74.would have sponsored 77.being infected 80.when
六、改错：
81.equipmentsequipment 82.himhe 83.isare 84./ was responsible
85.workingworked
86.didn’thadn’t
87.hadhaving 或者加so 90.ResultedResulting
七、Possible version: Dear Ms Zhong，88.withwithout 89.去掉of I am Johnson, a student from the 2015 A level Class in our school.Recently, I find that more and more students are taking food into the classrooms, packed in plastic bags, cups, and boxes.Therefore, our dustbins are all overfilled with plastic rubbish, which will float everywhere with the wind.This not only dirties our campus but also results in white pollution, causing damage to the environment.I think it’s high time we should take action.First of all, the school canteens should stop using plastics for food packing.Secondly, we should make rules that ban students from taking food into classrooms.Thirdly, we can hold an exhibition presenting the harmful effects of white pollution.With more students knowing the harm of plastics and fewer students eating and drinking in the classrooms, the use of plastics will be effectively controlled.Hope my suggestions will be useful.I am glad to do something for the improvement of our school environment.Yours sincerely, Johnson
第二篇：高二英语上学期期末考试试题12
济南一中2016—2017学第一学期期末考试
高二英语试题
本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共9页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡和答题纸一并交回。注意事项：
1．答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号框。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第Ⅰ卷(共100分)第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt? A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。
1.What will the man do? A.Book a restaurant.B.Have a rest.C.Send out invitations.2.When will Jack’s train arrive? A.At about five.B.At about seven.C.At about nine.3.What would the man like to read about? A.Sports.B.Business.C.Local news.4.What does the man mean? A.He is not hungry now.B.He dislikes the food at the dining hall.C.He has finished dinner.5.What are the speakers mainly talking about? A.Their university days.B.A football match.C.A person.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。6.What is the woman going to do next? A.Go on vacation.B.Work on another novel.C.Introduce her brother to the man.7.What do we know about the man? A.He likes basketball.B.He is sitting on the sofa.C.He wears a white T-shirt.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。8.What did the woman realize when she finished high school? A.She still had a lot to learn.B.She was more confident.C.Her life was full of trouble.9.How does the man describe himself when he was a child? A.Understanding.B.Dependent.C.Troublesome.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10.Where is the man? A.In Chicago.B.In New York.C.In Los Angeles.11.How will the woman go to meet the man from the airport? A.By car.B.By taxi.C.By bus.12.What does the woman ask the man to do? A.Book a hotel for her.B.Talk to the salespeople and customers.C.Spend some time with her in the center of the city.听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13.What color is the woman’s bike? A.Green.B.Brown.C.Black.14.What does the man think of the brown bike? A.Beautiful.B.Expensive.C.Fashionable.15.Where are the speakers probably? A.In Australia.B.In Holland.C.In America.16.What does the man suggest doing next? A.Going to another shopping center.B.Asking the shop owner for help.C.Having something to drink.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17.When is the club open? A.From 6:00 a.m.to 11:00 p.m.B.From 6:30 to 11:15 p.m.C.From 6:30 a.m.to 11:30 p.m.18.What does the speaker suggest people do at the club? A.Swim for 25 minutes at night.B.Try swimming in the 10-meter pool.C.Relax in the steam room before swimming.19.How can people become a member? A.By visiting the club themselves.B.By signing up on the Internet.C.By making a phone call.20.What is the purpose of the message? A.To make people interested in body-building.B.To tell people a great place to exercise.C.To introduce a sports programme.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A When Frida Kahlo’s paintings were on show in London, a poet described her paintings as “a ribbon(丝带)around a bomb”.Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time.Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time.Born in 1907 in a village near Mexico City, Kahlo suffered from polio(小儿麻痹症)at the age of seven.Her spine(脊柱)become bent as she grew older.Then, in 1925, her back was broken in several places in a school-bus accident.Throughout the rest of her life, the artist had many operations, but nothing was able to cure the terrible pain in her back.However, the accident had an unexpected side effect.While lying in her bed recovering, Kahlo taught herself to paint.In 1929, she got married to Diego Rivera, another famous Mexican artist.Rivera’s strong influences on Kahlo’s style can be seen in her early works, but her later works from the 1940s, known today as her best works, show less influence from her husband.Unfortunately, her works did not attract much attention in the 1930s and 1940s, even in her home country.Her first one-woman show in Mexico was not held until 1953.For more than a decade after her death in 1954, Kahlo’s works remained largely unnoticed by the world, but in the 1970s her works began to gain international fame at last.21.The terrible pain Kahlo suffered was caused by _____.A.polio B.her bent spine C.back injuries D.the operations she had 22.Kahlo’s style had become increasingly independent since the _____.A.1930s B.1940s C.1950s D.1970s 23.What is author’s attitude toward Kahlo?
A.Devotion.B.Sympathy.C.Worry.D.Encouragement.B For much of my childhood, my mother filled in the evening hours doing something for someone else.Sometimes she knitted(编织)hats for babies, and at other times, she cooked chicken soup for sick neighbors.Therefore, I wasn’t surprised when one evening my mother announced she had undertaken a new project.“I am going to telephone seniors,” said my mother.“Every night? But you don’t even know these people.” “It doesn’t matter,” she said.“What’s important is that I listen.” I was sixteen years old and couldn’t understand why my mother was willing to spend her evenings talking to strangers.She had friends and my two older sisters to call if she felt lonely.“They will talk your ear off.Some people didn’t even stop to catch breath,” I said.My attitude didn’t decrease my mother’s enthusiasm for the project.That evening, she settled on the sofa and dialed.For a while, I listened as she asked the woman on the other line about her day and what she had eaten for dinner.When she finished the call, I said, “Why do you care whether she had cookies or rice pudding for dessert?” My mother grasped one of my hands and gave it a slight squeeze.“I’m the only person she talked to today.”
It took me more than thirty years to fully understand the significance of that statement.Now, as my mother is nearing eighty, I find myself thinking about those nightly calls she used to make.I am often the only person who telephones my mother, and sometimes I’m the only person she speaks to all day.I ask her what she cooked for dinner, but mostly I just listen as she describes a walk she took, or how her dog Lucky stole foods from the refrigerator.I realize that my mother’s calls were lifelines that ensured housebound seniors remained connected to the world.Without her, their world would have been empty.24.The writer wasn’t surprised about her mother’s decision because her mother _____.A.was a very creative person B.always devoted herself to helping others C.had nothing to do in the evening D.always got along well with the old 25.What’s the mother’s purpose of calling the seniors? A.To teach them how to make desserts.B.To kill some time in the boring night.C.To introduce some new friends to them.D.To make those old people feel less lonely.26.What does the underlined sentence “They will talk your ear off.” in Paragraph 2 mean? A.They will criticize the wrongdoings.B.They will be tired of listening to others.C.They will talk all the time on the phone.D.They will make you feel really satisfied.27.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.The author is going to be eighty years old.B.The author thinks highly of her mother’s calls.C.The author is the only person who speaks to her mother.D.The author’s dog likes stealing foods from the refrigerator.C Long ago, a man was reading the morning newspaper and noticed his name in the obituary（讣告）column.His first response was shock.After he calmed down, he sought to find out what people said about him.The obituary read, “Dynamite(炸药)King Dies” and “He is the merchant of death”.What should be given to the man was the inventor of dynamite, but being named “the merchant of death” was not how he wanted to be remembered.After a moment of reflection, he decided to change his life purpose.He made up his mind to work towards peace.His name was Alfred Nobel and he is widely known today by the great Nobel Prize.How do you want to be remembered? While we seldom deeply think of our own mortality(死亡), reflecting on the value of our life allows us to consider what is the most important.Life can be lived at an incredible pace but we sometimes fail to recognize its significance.It is vital to make the best use of our talents, ability or gifts to serve mankind.In his book Mastery, Robert Greene states, “In the end, money and success that truly last don’t come to those who focus on such things as goals, but to those who focus on mastery and fulfilling their life tasks.” Life mirrors your commitment to contribution.What we receive in life is proportional（成比例的)to what we should give.For this reason, be careful about how and where you spend your time and energy.Life honors those who make a big difference.If we wish to be remembered after we’re gone, we must live for something deeper while still alive and play big in the game of life regardless of fame or fortune.Alfred Nobel knew that being an expert on explosive was not how he intended to live out his days, so he created a new fate.28.After reading the news about his death, Alfred Nobel ______.A.continued his research to invent dynamite B.seemed satisfied with the comments on him C.was determined to struggle for new life goals D.planned to find out who had made the mistake 29.According to the author, the most important in life lies in _____.A.reflecting on our own faults B.doing good things for people C.understanding our value in life D.fulfilling our unique potentials 30.What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A.Success comes from effort and determination.B.Inner desires and potentials give people power.C.Reward is given to those who make contributions.D.Wealth and success are the same goals for all people.31.What would be the best title for this passage? A.How to Change Fate B.Where to Get Honors C.Risks and Opportunities D.Living for Significant Purpose
D We all dream to reach a certain success someday.Because of this we all are afraid of the very same thing--failure.But we should understand that we all have to experience some sort of failure in our lives.It is part of growing up and it is part of life itself.Failure does not have to always be seen as something negative.When you get to see failure in a different view, you will see that it has the power to help you get to your goal.Do not be so hard on yourself whenever you make a mistake or fail at a task.Everyone makes mistakes.Whenever you face one failure, remember to accept your fault and do something to make things right.Whenever you fail at something, you just have to get up and keep trying.You will get to your goal eventually.Every mistake is a lesson you have to learn from.As the saying goes, “If you do something wrong for the first time, it is a mistake.But if it happens again, then it becomes a choice.” Your mistakes and failure make you wiser.You should be smart enough to know and avoid the causes that lead you to them once more.No dream or goal is ever easy.With every great success, there are some failures along the way that lead to something great.Do not give up and do not be afraid to make mistakes.It is all part of the game of life.Life is not a bed of roses.The journey to success will have its ups and downs and have its share of joy and suffering.You will encounter failure once in a while.But pain is part of the learning process.Failures and mistakes are experiences that will make you wiser and stronger as you climb the ladder of success.32.What is the main purpose of the passage? A.To encourage people to think of failure positively.B.To emphasize the importance of self-confidence.C.To explain some meanings of achieving success.D.To discuss the relation between failure and success.33.What can we know from Paragraph 2? A.Everyone should pay for their mistakes.B.Failure makes success more meaningful.C.Mistakes can bring people great benefits.D.It’s common to make mistakes in daily life.34.What does the author think of people who make the same mistakes again? A.They are complete losers.B.They are not good learners.C.They should not be forgiven.D.They need sympathy and support.35.The underlined word “encounter” in the last paragraph probably means_____.A.expect B.avoid C.experience D.appreciate 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How do you stay true to yourself when you’re surrounded by friends and/ or family that have an opinion on everything you do? It’s not easy!36 Here are four tips which can help you live an active life.37 Stay true to yourself by listening to the only opinions that really matter--your own and those from people who believe in and encourage you.Deep down you know yourself better than anybody else.Don’t fear people.38 The reason most people don’t take risks, or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them.If you want to live the life you truly deserve, you must give up the need to be liked by everybody.Value yourself and your choices.When you do, others will too.Own the choices you make in your life.39 When you believe in yourself, in time, others will believe in you too.Show confidence in you choices, and what you stand for whether others agree or not.Focus on appreciation.No matter what the circumstances are, there is always something to be grateful for.All successful people ask, “What am I grateful for? How can I improve my situation and use these tough times to inspire others?” 40 These steps, if applied, will help you change your peace of mind, lifestyle, and productivity.A.Focus on your own talents and strengths.B.Never let others’ opinions guide your choices.C.Treat every person like they are important.D.When you doubt yourself, others will doubt you.E.Stay fearless in everything you will have to do.F.Be thankful to life and be helpful to others, and you’ll lead a successful life.G.However, there are great possibilities that you can lead the life you really want.第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
What a busy day!The three boys were fed, bathed and changed into their nightclothes.Mary had 41 them a story and finally they were asleep.“Babysitting(照看)the three boys aged eight, six and four is extremely 42 ,” she thought.“Sleep,” she considered, “if only I could!” But she had difficult homework to complete.Leaning back, she 43 her feet onto the sofa to get comfortable.Whoever said babysitting was a(n)44 way to make money obviously hadn’t met the three boys, she thought.The television was on;the room was warm;and the lights were dim.Mary’s 45 felt heavier and heavier.“I mustn’t sleep,” she thought--which was 46 what she did, of course.Strangely enough, she soon 47 that she was a world-famous chef(主厨).She made a 48 and wore diamonds and designer clothes.Most days she relaxed by the pool, meeting the rich and famous or 49--her favorite hobby.She 50 took the leading role in her own TV show.That is , until she became too 51.“I am definitely the best in the world,” she thought, as she prepared a tasty chicken dish.But 52 seemed to go right.She spilt the flour, she dropped an egg and she cut her finger.Despite all the troubles, she 53 to get the chicken into the dove.Soon, smoke blanketed the room.The chicken was on fire.54 set in, but Mary could not run--she was 55 to the spot.She tried hard to move, but could not, 56 a sharp sound awoke her.She got shocked and confused--
was pouring from the kitchen.Rushing to investigate, she was met by three 58 little faces and some very burnt bread.“Sorry, we were hungry and you were 59 , so we tried to make some bread,” explained a boy.Relieved, Mary made them a snack and sent them back to bed.She 60 them never to fall asleep on the job again!41.A.given B.written
C.told C.tiring C.bent C.important C.heart
D.taught D.surprising D.kept D.easy D.legs 42.A.successful B.helpful 43.A.shook 44.A.difficult 45.A.eyes B.put B.boring B.mind 46.A.nicely 47.A.realized 48.A.decision 49.A.cooking 50.A.just 51.A.selfish B.exactly B.reminded B.fortune B.reading B.ever B.proud
C.curiously C.learnt C.business C.running C.even C.stubborn C.anything C.managed C.Noise C.pushed C.as C.water C.guilty C.worried C.expected
D.carelessly D.dreamt D.plan D.babysitting D.only D.sensitive D.nothing D.prepared D.Stress D.brought D.unless D.fire D.confident D.asleep D.persuaded 52.A.everything B.something 53.A.tried 54.A.Panic 55.A.frozen 56.A.because 57.A.smoke 58.A.cheerful 59.A.busy 60.A.promised B.arranged B.Pain B.dragged B.until B.light B.strange B.hungry B.allowed
第II卷（共50分）
注意：考生必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔在答题纸上各题目的指定答题区域内作答，在本试卷上作答无效。
第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第二节：（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many students may feel stressed because of their parents.Most parents have good intentions, but some of them aren’t very 61(help)with the problems their sons and daughters have in 62(adjust)to college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children’s difficulties.For one thing, parents are often not aware 63 the kinds of problems their children face.They don’t realize that the 64(compete)is stronger, that the required standards of work are 65(high), and that their children may not be prepared for 66 change.They may be upset by their children’s poor grades.At their kindest, they may 67(gentle)ask why John or Mary isn’t doing better, whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should, and so on.At their worst, they may threaten 68(take)their children out of college or cut off living expenses.Sometimes parents think it right and natural that they determine 69 their children do with their lives.They forget that everyone is 70(difference)and that each person must develop in his or her own way.第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节
My swimming experience is extreme interesting.There was a time which I swam like a rock.This went on until one day when I was fishing with a friend at nearby pool.I fell into it.If my friend hadn’t come to rescue me, I would have been drowned.Ever since then, I have come to know the important of learning to swim.I didn’t attend to any training class but learn it on my own.Strange to say, I have no difficulty swim at all now.Though my self-invented styles look awkwardly, at least they can keep my floating.Thinking of this, I am more than satisfying.第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你班最近新转来了几名外国交换生，为了帮他们尽快的适应新环境，班主任王老师计划成立志愿小组帮助他们。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封信申请加入志愿小组。写作要点：1.加入志愿小组的原因；2.你的自身优势；3.你打算如何帮助新同学。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
1-20 ACABC CAABA BACAB CBCCB 21-40 CBB BDCB CBCD ADBC GBEDF 41-60 CCBDA BDBBC BDCAA BACDA 61-70 61.62.63.64.65.66.67.68.69.70.济南一中2016—2017学第一学期期末考试
高二英语试题答案
helpful adjusting of competition higher the gently to take what different
My swimming experience is extreme interesting.There was a time which I swam extremely when like a rock.This went on until one day when I was fishing with a friend at nearby at后加a pool.I fell into it.If my friend hadn’t come to rescue me, I would have been drowned.Ever since then, I have come to know the important of learning to swim.I importance didn’t attend to any training class but learn it on my own.Strange to say, I have 去掉to learned no difficulty swim at all now.Though my self-invented styles look awkwardly, at swimming awkward least they can keep my floating.Thinking of this, I am more than satisfying.me satisfied
第三篇：高二语文上学期期末考试试题
2014—2015学高二第一学期教学质量检测
语 文 试 卷
（试卷满分100分，考试时间120分钟；答案必须写在答题卷上）第I卷 阅读赏析（45分）
一、古诗文阅读（13分）
（一）阅读下列文段，回答1～4题。
吾年十九，始来京城。其后四年，而归视汝。又四年，吾往河阳省坟墓，遇汝从嫂丧来葬。又二年，吾佐董丞相于汴州，汝来省吾。止一岁，请归取其孥。明年，丞相薨。吾去汴州，汝不果来。是年，吾佐戎徐州，使取汝者始行，吾又罢去，汝又不果来。吾念汝从于东，东亦客也，不可以久。图久远者，莫如西归，将成家而致汝。呜呼！孰谓汝遽去吾而殁乎！吾与汝俱少年，以为虽暂相别，终当久相与处，故舍汝而旅食京师，以求斗斛之禄。诚知其如此，虽万乘之公相，吾不以一日辍汝而就也。
去年，孟东野往。吾书与汝曰：“吾年未四十，而视茫茫，而发苍苍，而齿牙动摇。念诸父与诸兄，皆康强而早世。如吾之衰者，其能久存乎？吾不可去，汝不肯来，恐旦暮死，而汝抱无涯之戚也！”孰谓少者殁而长者存，强者夭而病者全乎！呜呼！其信然邪？其梦邪？其传之非其真邪？信也，吾兄之盛德而夭其嗣乎？汝之纯明而不克蒙其泽乎？少者、强者而夭殁，长者、衰者而存全乎？未可以为信也。梦也，传之非其真也，东野之书，耿兰之报，何为而在吾侧也？呜呼！其信然矣！吾兄之盛德而夭其嗣矣！汝之纯明宜业其家者，不克蒙其泽矣！所谓天者诚难测，而神者诚难明矣！所谓理者不可推，而寿者不可知矣！
（节选自韩愈《祭十二郎文》）
1．下列句中加点词的解释不正确的一项是（）(2分)
A．吾往河阳省坟墓（探望）
B．汝来省吾。止一岁（只）
C．而汝抱无涯之戚也（忧伤）
D．汝之纯明而不克蒙其泽乎（恩泽）
2．下列加点词的意义和用法，判断正确的一项是（）(2分)
①吾佐董丞相于汴州
②青，取之于蓝而青于蓝 ③故舍汝而旅食京师，以求斗斛之禄。④作师说以贻之
A．①和②相同
③和④也相同
B．①和②不同
③和④也不同
C．①和②相同
③和④不同
D．①和②不同
③和④相同
3．下列句中“而”的用法不同于其他三项的一项是（）(2分)[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K]
A．吾年未四十，而视茫茫，而发苍苍
B．强者夭而病者全乎
C．吾兄之盛德而夭其嗣乎
D．所谓天者诚难测，而神者诚难明矣 4．以下是对选文内容的概括和分析，不恰当的一项是（）(2分)[来源:Z。xx。k.Com]
A．作者以时间为线索：“其后四年——又四年——又二年——明年——是年，”记述了两人别多聚少，为不能“久相与处”而感到叹惋。
B．作者“视茫茫”“发苍苍”“齿牙动摇”却送走“黑发人”侄儿，写下这一切时，字里行间透出作者的切肤之痛。
C．当作者的侄子韩老成（十二郎）去世的消息传来时，作者韩愈难以相信——不敢相信，竟怀疑这是梦。
D．“天者诚难测”，“ 理者不可推”，面对十二郎的早逝，作者感受到人生无常，未来无望，失去了生活的希望。5．翻译文中画线句子。(7分)（1）诚知其如此，虽万乘之公相，吾不以一日辍汝而就也。(4分)答:
（2）呜呼！其信然矣！吾兄之盛德而夭其嗣矣！(3分)答:
(二)阅读下面这首词，完成6-7题。（每题3分，计6分）浪淘沙
李煜
帘外雨潺潺，春意阑珊。罗衾不耐五更寒。梦里不知身是客，一晌贪欢。独自莫凭栏，无限江山，别时容易见时难。流水落花春去也，天上人间。
6、“阑珊”是什么意思？“春意阑珊”这里所表达的表层含义和深层含义各是什么？ 答:
7、请分析李煜的《浪淘沙》（帘外雨潺潺）和《虞美人》（春花秋月何时了）在思想情感方面的不同之处。
答:
8、古诗文默写。根据课文将所缺诗句填在空白处。(8分)心非木石岂无感？
。（鲍照《拟行路难》）
，抚孤松而盘垣。（陶渊明《归去来兮辞》）垆边人似月。（韦庄《菩萨蛮》）昆山玉碎凤凰叫。（李贺《李凭箜篌引》）
，只是朱颜改。（李煜《虞美人》）云青青兮欲雨。（李白《梦游天姥吟留别》）外无期工强劲之亲。（李密《陈情表》）
，惟有幽人自来去。（孟浩然《夜归鹿门歌》）
二、现代文阅读
阅读下面的文字，完成11～14题。含泪奔跑的少年 朱钟洋
在他的记忆里，从未离开过生养他的大山，他今年初中毕业了，以优异的成绩考上了县城的重点中学。在城里，他这个年纪还是个孩子，还要在父母面前撒娇。然而，他俨然是个大人了，就在他初中毕业的这个暑假里，他尝到了冷也尝到了暖，冷暖过后，他仿佛一夜成人。
父亲在他初中毕业后第一个星期，突遭车祸，留下他和母亲相依为命。肇事司机也在车祸中死亡，父亲的死没有得到任何赔偿。母亲天生患有小儿麻痹症，走路一瘸一跛的，生活勉强能够自理。
起初，他和母亲商议着辍学，但母亲坚决不同意。为了下学期的学费，为了以后的生活有个着落，母亲决定带他到县城谋生。
进了城，他才知道，城市人山人海，高楼林立，但这些繁华不属于他们。沉闷的空气里弥漫着炙热的气流，一阵风习来，也闻不到稻花的香甜。母亲在城市边缘，租了间铁皮房，用木板搭了张床，然后找两块红砖架个小铁锅，算是在城里落下了脚。母亲从工厂找到店铺，从店铺找到垃圾收购站，可没有人愿意收留一个瘸子。无奈之下，母亲做了个烧烤车，还给他钉了个刷皮鞋的木箱。[来源:学科网ZXXK]
每天，他们从铁皮屋里出来，一个推着车，一个挎着刷鞋箱。趁着昏黄的路灯还没有熄灭，他们匆匆地赶到市里繁华的公园门口，占个地，摆个摊。等到公园里的最后一拨人散去后，他们才拖着疲惫不堪的身子回家。他心里其实有一万个不愿意，可是为了读书的梦想，他又能够说些什么呢。
大多数的日子，他就蹲在母亲的烧烤车边给人刷皮鞋。一天，他看到很多人在公园里，边看着孩子玩，边招呼人刷鞋，他心动了。他知会了母亲一声，便走进了公园深处。偏偏是这一天，城管突然来巡查，公园门口所有的小摊小贩一窝蜂地溜走了。走路一瘸一跛的母亲因为跑得慢了些，被城管逮了个正着。在和城管的纠缠中，烧烤摊被推倒了，烧得红彤彤的木炭倒在了母亲腿上，一股焦肉的味道让好心的路人愤怒了，城管见势不妙，很快怏怏离去。这天夜里，一对苦难的母子推着车，走着回家的路上，闪烁的街灯照在清冷的马路上，留下一对孤独的含泪的影子，一长一短地走着，成了一道痛苦抽搐的风景。
劳碌了一天的母亲，迷迷糊糊地睡着了，而他却怎么也睡不着。
他看着母亲翻了个身，腿上被烧焦的皮肤通红一片，有些地方还留下了水泡。他用手触碰了一下，感觉连心的痛。所有的委屈化成了泪水，从他的眼里流到了嘴里，涩涩的。
时钟已经指向了夜里11点多，他还是睡不着。为了赚够学费，他和母亲除了一日三餐外，其它的开支减了又减，实在要买点什么，也是选一些地摊货。而，刚刚，母亲连一盒烫伤膏也舍不得买，硬说擦点酱油就好了。这样一想，他的心更痛了，他失去了父亲，他不能再失去母亲了。他穿好衣服，走上街，向附近的药店跑去。
他跑进药店的时候，药店准备关门了。他很快选定了一盒26元的烫伤膏，他把烫伤膏攥紧在手里，就在掏钱的时候，他才发觉自己只是带来了今天全部的劳务费15元。他站在柜台前犹豫了很久。
“你到底要不要买啊，我们要关门了。”店主催促他。
“要的，要的，只是……只是，我没有这么多钱。”他吞吞吐吐。
“那就明天来吧。”
“哦不……我欠你11元钱可以吗？我明天下午一定还。”他快急哭了。
“那……”
“求求你吧……我妈妈她……”他心底的那点坚强终于崩溃了，泪雨滂沱，他把自己和母亲的遭遇说给了店主。
“那你，把药拿走吧，不够的钱，算是我资助给你的吧。”店主说，“快些回家吧，不要让妈妈等急了。”
母亲的腿上的伤很快就愈合了。他也如愿在县城读完高中，考上了省城的一所大学。
当他和母亲要离开县城，打算到省城继续谋生的时候，他整理好铁皮屋里所有的行李，突然一张药费单抖落了出来，他露出了笑容，他知道，上面写着——这个世界很冷也很暖，冷暖之间，我不能只是流泪，我要做一个含泪奔跑的人。
9、“含泪奔跑的少年” 如何理解？结合文章内容简要分析。（4分）
答:
10．文中的主人公“他”是一个怎么样的人？小说是如何刻画这一形象的？试作简要分析。（4分）
答:
11．分析下面句子的含义（4分）
（1）他尝到了冷也尝到了暖，冷暖过后，他仿佛一夜成人。（2分）
答:
（2）闪烁的街灯照在清冷的马路上，留下一对孤独的含泪的影子，一长一短地走着，成了一道痛苦抽搐的风景。（2分）
答:
12．在现实生活中，我们可能也有过类似的经历或体验，请结合此文就某一角度谈谈你的感悟。（4分）
答:
第II卷
积累、表达（55分）
三、基础知识与语言知识运用（15分）13．下列词语中注音有误的一项是（）（2分）
A．伶（líng）人 盛（chéng）以锦囊 意气之盛（shèng）江皋（gāo）
B．子嗣（sì）沅水(ruán)不省（shěng）所怙 兄殁（mò）南方
C．尚飨（xiǎng）兔起鹘（hú）落 投箸(zhù)
汝遽（jù）去吾
D．梦寤（wù）不食周粟（sù）迤逦(yǐ lǐ)黍（shǔ）熟黄粱 14．下列词语书写全都正确的是（）（2分）A．鱼龙潜跃 渌水荡漾 丘峦崩催 云霞明灭 B．松下清斋 杜郎俊赏 豆蔻词工 煮琴烧笋 C．胡马窥江 洞天石扉 摧媚折腰 列缺霹雳 D．鸿雁长飞 舐犊情深 山盟海誓 熊咆龙吟 15．下列画线成语使用不恰当的一项是（）（2分）
A．他们俩吵架，你不前去好心劝解，反而最终自己也被卷了进去，你这样做，难道不是抱薪救火吗？
B．欧阳修的《新五代史·伶官传》记述了后唐庄宗得失天下的故事，从中我们知道了盛衰之理乃是因人成事。
C．他虽然在草原上单独放牧，却意识到自己处在一个团结的集体中间，从没有形单影只、孤立无援的感觉。
Ｄ．方苞的《狱中杂记》揭露了狱吏的贪赃枉法、滥用酷刑，让读者感受到他们所犯下的罪行真是罄竹难书。
16．下列各句中，没有语病且句意明确的一项是（）(2分)A．有人说，屈原在《湘夫人》中所表现的男女水神欢会难期、思而不见的爱情悲剧，实际上是他自己不为楚王所知的身世悲剧的曲折反映。
B．王维在继承传统的基础上，努力创造的具有鲜明个性的意境，丰富和提高了山水诗的表现技巧，对诗歌发展作出了贡献。
C．老百姓对一个政党评价的好坏，最大的因素就是腐败。对病人来说，治不好肿瘤保不住性命；对政党而言，治不了腐败保不住政权。
D．紫禁城是最伟大的人类建筑史上的艺术奇葩，是世界文化历史遗产中的一颗璀璨的明珠，更是中华民族文化的标记。
17、近年来，由于一些影视制作人缺乏文史方面的知识，影视剧中经常出现一些常识性错误。比如《汉武大帝》中有这样一个画面：汉武帝站在柳体楷书的巨大屏风前，对出使西域的官员说：“你一定能够舌战群儒，不辱使命。”大臣回答：“武帝神武，万方臣服。臣鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已。”请指出这个场景中的常识性错误并说明原因（任选两处）。（4分）
答：
[来源:学科网ZXXK]
18.为下面的报道拟一条标题。（不超过20字）（3分）
日前，著名文学评论家雷达发表文章阐述“李白故里在天水”，该文章经新华网、天水在线等转载后，引起了天水各级领导和社会各界人士的高度关注，天水广大网友纷纷发帖，希望真正的李白故里天水能够站出来，为李白故里正名。
3月21日上午，由天水在线、天水师范学院团委、甘肃艺校天水分校联合倡议发起，天水广大网友积极参加的“李白故里在天水”正名活动在天水市龙城广场激情登场。在签名现场，天水艺校学生韩梅接受记者采访时说：“我们小学一年级学李白的《静夜思》时，老师就教我们说李白是陇西成纪，即今天的天水秦安人……我们艺校演的节目有段《夸天水》的快板书，里面有一段是这样夸的：李太白，称诗仙，祖籍在咱秦安县；唐太宗，李世民，也是咱们天水人......”
答：
四、写作
19.阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。（40分）
高山，因为有了绿地而有了景色；大地，因为有了绿地而有了生机；心灵，因为有了绿地而富有充实……
请以“留一片绿地”为题，写一篇不少于800字的文章。
要求：①自定立意；②自选文体；③文体特征鲜明；④不得写成诗歌。
第四篇：高二化学上学期期中考试题(附答案)
相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Al 27 K 39 Fe 56
一、选择题：(每小题2分，共40分。)1．页岩气是从页岩层中开采出来的天然气，是一种重要的非常规天然气资源。我国的页岩气储量超过其他任何一个国家，可采储量有1275万亿立方英尺。这些储量足够中国使用300多年，有关页岩气的叙述错误的是 A．页岩气属于一种新能源 B．页岩气属于一次能源 C．页岩气属于清洁能源 D．页岩气属于不可再生能源
2.在水溶液中存在反应：Ag＋＋Fe2＋ Ag(s)＋Fe3＋ ΔH<0，达到平衡后，为使平衡体系中析出更多的银，可采取的措施是 A．升高温度
B．加水稀释
C．增大Fe2＋的浓度
D．常温下加压
3．中和热测定实验中，用50mL0.50mol/L盐酸和50mL0.55mol/LNaOH溶液进行实验，下列说法不正确的是 A．改用25mL 0.50mol/L盐酸跟25mL 0.55 mol/L NaOH溶液进 行反应，求出的中和热数值和原来相同
B．酸碱混合时，量筒中NaOH溶液应缓缓倒入小烧杯中，不 断用玻璃棒搅拌
C．装置中的大小烧杯之间填满碎泡沫塑料的作用是保温隔热 减少热量损失
D．实验中应记录测量出反应过程中的最高温度 4．从下列实验事实所引出的相应结论正确的是 选项 实验事实 结论
A 其他条件相同，Na2S2O3与H2SO4反应时c(Na2S2O3)越大，析出S沉淀的时间越短 当其他条件不变时，增大反应物浓度，化学反应速率加快 B 在化学反应前后，催化剂的质量和化学性质都没有发生改变 催化剂一定不参与化学反应
C 物质的量浓度相同的盐酸和醋酸分别与等质量的、形状相同的锌粒反应 反应开始时速率相同
D 在容积可变的密闭容器中发生反应H2(g)＋I2(g)2HI(g)，把容积缩小一倍 正反应速率加快，逆反应速率不变
5．250 ℃和1.01×105 Pa时，反应 2N2O5(g)4NO2(g)+O2(g)△H=＋56.76 kJ/mol，自发进行的原因是 A．是吸热反应 B．是放热反应；
C．熵增大效应大于能量效应 D．是熵减少的反应
6．对于可逆反应：2SO2(g)＋O2(g)2SO3(g)，下列措施能使反应物中活化分子百分数、化学反应速率和化学平衡常数都变化的是 A．增大压强 B．升高温度 C．使用催化剂 D．多充入O2 7．不能用勒夏特列原理解释的是 A．使用铁触媒，加快合成氨反应速率
B．溴水中存在Br2＋H2O HBr＋HBrO，当加入硝酸银溶液后，溶液颜色变浅 C．合成氨工业采用20~50 MPa高压
D．反应CO(g)＋NO2(g)CO2(g)＋NO(g)ΔH<0，平衡后，升高温度体系颜色变深
8．在一定条件下，可逆反应N2(g)＋3H2(g)2NH3(g)ΔH＜0。达到平衡，当单独改变下列条件后，有关叙述错误的是
A．加催化剂v正、v逆都发生变化，而且变化的倍数相等
B．加压v正、v逆都增大，且v正增大的倍数大于v逆增大的倍数 C．降温，v正、v逆都减小，且v正减小的倍数小于v逆减小的倍数 D．加入氩气，v正、v逆都增大且v正增大的倍数大于v逆增大的倍数 9．研究表明N2O与CO在Fe＋作用下发生反应的能量变化及反应历程如图所示，下列说法错误的是
A．反应总过程ΔH<0 B．Fe＋使反应的活化能减小 C．FeO＋也是该反应的催化剂
D．Fe＋＋N2O→FeO＋＋N2、FeO＋＋CO→Fe＋＋CO2两步反应均为放热反应
10．下列各组热化学方程式的ΔH前者大于后者的是
①C(s)＋O2(g)===CO2(g)ΔH1 C(s)＋12O2(g)===CO(g)ΔH2 ②S(s)＋O2(g)===SO2(g)ΔH3 S(g)＋O2(g)===SO2(g)ΔH4 ③H2(g)＋12O2(g)===H2O(l)ΔH5 2H2(g)＋O2(g)===2H2O(l)ΔH6 ④CaCO3(s)===CaO(s)＋CO2(g)ΔH7 CaO(s)＋H2O(l)===Ca(OH)2(aq)ΔH8 A．① B．④ C．②③④ D．①②③
11．O3是一种很好的消毒剂，具有高效、洁净、方便、经济等优点。O3可溶于水，在水中易分解，产生的[O]为游离氧原子，有很强的杀菌消毒能力。常温常压下发生的反应如下：反应① O3 O2＋[O] ΔH>0 平衡常数为K1；
反应② [O]＋O3 2O2 ΔH<0平衡常数为K2；
总反应：2O3 3O2 ΔH<0 平衡常数为K。下列叙述正确的是
A．降低温度，总反应K减小 B．K＝K1＋K2 C．适当升温，可提高消毒效率 D．压强增大，K2减小
12．在一定温度下的恒容容器中，当下列物理量不再发生变化时，能说明下列反应：
C(s)＋CO2(g)2CO(g)达到平衡状态的是：①混合气体的压强，②混合气体的密度，③混合气体的总物质的量，④混合气体的平均相对分子质量，⑤混合气体的颜色，⑥各反应物或生成物的浓度之比等于化学计量数之比，⑦某种气体的百分含量
A.①③④⑤⑦ B.①②③④⑦ C.②③④⑥⑦ D.①②④⑤⑥
13．对反应A+B=AB来说，常温下按以下情况进行反应：
①20mL溶液中含A、B各0.01mol ②50mL溶液中含A、B各0.05mol ③0.1mol•L－1的A、B溶液各10mL ④0.5mol•L－1的A、B溶液各50mL 四者反应速率的大小关系是 A．②＞①＞④＞③ B．④＞③＞②＞① C．①＞②＞④＞③ D．①＞②＞③＞④ 14．已知反应：H2(g)＋12O2(g)===H2O(g)ΔH1 12N2(g)＋O2(g)===NO2(g)ΔH2 12N2(g)＋32H2(g)===NH3(g)ΔH3 则反应2NH3(g)＋72O2(g)===2NO2(g)＋3H2O(g)的ΔH为 A．2ΔH1＋2ΔH2－2ΔH3 B．ΔH1＋ΔH2－ΔH3 C．3ΔH1＋2ΔH2＋2ΔH3 D．3ΔH1＋2ΔH2－2ΔH3 15．一定条件下，对于可逆反应X(g)+3Y(g)2Z(g)，若X、Y、Z的起始浓度分别为c1、c2、c3(均不为零)，达到平衡时，X、Y、Z的浓度分别为 0.1 mol•L−1、0.3 mol•L−1、0.08 mol•L−1，则下列判断正确的是 A．c1∶c2=3∶1 B．平衡时，Y和Z的生成速率之比为2∶3 C．X、Y的转化率不相等
D．c1的取值范围为0 A．2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g)ΔH=−196.6 kJ•mol−1 B．2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g)ΔH=−98.3 kJ•mol−1 C．SO2(g)+ 12O2(g)SO3(g)ΔH=+98.3 kJ•mol−1 D．SO2(g)+ 12O2(g)SO3(g)ΔH=−49.2 kJ•mol−1 17.可逆反应2A(g)+B(g)2C(g)，根据下表中的数据判断下列图像错误的是 A．A B．B C．C D．D 18．已知:①2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(l)ΔH=-571.6 kJ•mol-1 ②2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g)2CO2(g)+4H2O(l)ΔH=-1 452 kJ•mol-1 ③H+(aq)+OH-(aq)H2O(l)ΔH=-57.3 kJ•mol-1 下列说法正确的是 A.H2(g)的燃烧热为142.9 kJ•mol-1 B.同质量的H2(g)和CH3OH(l)完全燃烧,H2(g)放出的热量多 C.12H2SO4(aq)+ 12Ba(OH)2(aq)12 BaSO4(s)+H2O(l)ΔH=-57.3 kJ•mol-1 D.3H2(g)+CO2(g)CH3OH(l)+H2O(l)ΔH=+131.4 kJ•mol-1 19．N2O5是一种新型硝化剂，在一定温度下可发生如下反应： 2N2O5(g)4NO2(g)＋O2(g)ΔH＞0。 T1温度时，向密闭容器中通入N2O5气体，部分实验数据见下表： 时间/s 0 500 1 000 1 500 c(N2O5)/ mol•L－1 5.00 3.52 2.50 2.50 下列说法正确的是 A．500 s内NO2的生成速率为2.96×10－3 mol•L－1•s－1 B．T1温度下该反应平衡时NO2的产率为25% C．达到平衡后，其他条件不变，将容器的体积压缩到原来的12,则c(N2O5)<5.00 mol•L－1 D．T1温度下的平衡常数为K1，T2温度下的平衡常数为K2，若T1＞T2，则K1＞K2 20．在恒温恒压下，向密闭容器中充入4 mol SO2和2 mol O2，发生如下反应： 2SO2(g)＋O2(g)2SO3(g)ΔH<0。2 min后，反应达到平衡，生成SO3为1.4 mol，同时放出热量Q kJ。则下列分析正确的是 A．在该条件下，反应前后的压强之比为6:5.3 B．若反应开始时容器体积为2 L，则v(SO3)＝0.35 mol/(L•min)C．若把“恒温恒压下”改为“恒压绝热条件下”反应，平衡后n(SO3)<1.4 mol D．若把“恒温恒压下”改为“恒温恒容下”反应，达平衡时放出热量大于Q kJ 二、非选择题：(共60分。)21.(10分)高炉炼铁中发生的基本反应之一如下：FeO(s)+CO(g)Fe(s)+CO2(g)（正反应是吸热反应），已知1100℃时K=0.263(1)温度升高，化学平衡移动后达到新的平衡，高炉内CO2和CO的体积比值 ；平衡常数K值（选填“增大”“减小”或“不变”） (2)1100℃时测得高炉中c（CO2）=0.025mol•L﹣ 1、c（CO）=0.1mol•L﹣1，在这种情况下，该反应是否处于化学平衡状态（选填“是”或“否”），此时，化学反应速率是v(正)v(逆)（选填“大于”“小于”或“等于”），其原因是 ． 22.(10分)K2Cr2O7溶液中存在平衡:(橙色)+H2O 2(黄色)+2H+。用K2Cr2O7溶液进行下列实验: (1)向K2Cr2O7溶液中加入30% NaOH溶液，溶液呈________色，因为________________。 (2)若向已加入NaOH溶液的(1)中再加入过量稀硫酸，则溶液呈________色，因为____________________________________________________。 (3)向K2Cr2O7溶液中逐滴加入Ba(NO3)2溶液(已知BaCrO4为黄色沉淀)，则平衡向着____________方向移动，溶液颜色变化为____________。 (4)对比②和④可得出的结论是 23.(14分)硫酸是重要的化工原料，生产过程中SO2催化氧化生成SO3的化学反应为： 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g)。 (1)实验测得SO2反应生成SO3的转化率与温度、压强有关，请根据下表信息，结合工业生产实际，选择最合适的生产条件是________。 (2)反应2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g)达到平衡后，改变下列条件，能使SO2(g)平衡浓度比原来减小的是________（填字母）。A．保持温度和容器体积不变，充入1molO2(g)B．保持温度和容器体积不变，充入2mol SO3(g)C．降低温度 D．在其他条件不变时，减小容器的容积 (3)某温度下，SO2的平衡转化率(α)与体系总压强(P)的关系如下图所示。 2.0 molSO2和1.0mol O2置于10L密闭容器中，反应达平衡后，体系总压强为0.10 MPa。平衡状态由A变到B时，平衡常数K(A)_____K(B)（填“>”、“<”或“=”）, B点的化学平衡常数是______。 (4)在一个固定容积为5L的密闭容器中充入0.20mol SO2和0.10molO2, t1时刻达到平衡，测得容器中含SO30.18mol。 ① tl 时刻达到平衡后，改变一个条件使化学反应速率发生如下图所示的变化，则改变的条件是________。 A．体积不变，向容器中通入少量O2 B．体积不变，向容器中通入少量SO2 C．缩小容器体积 D．升高温度 E．体积不变，向容器中通入少量氮气 ② 若继续通入0.20mol SO2和0.10molO2，则平衡________移动（填“向正反应方向”、“向逆反应方向”或“不”)，再次达到平衡后，n(SO3)的取值范围是。 24.(12分)亚硝酰氯(ClNO)是有机合成中的重要试剂，可通过如下反应获得： 2NO(g)＋Cl2(g)2ClNO(g)。(1)氢氧化物与悬浮在大气中的海盐粒子相互作用时会生成亚硝酰氯，涉及如下反应： ①2NO2(g)＋NaCl(s)NaNO3(s)＋ClNO(g)K1 ②4NO2(g)＋2NaCl(s)2NaNO3(s)＋2NO(g)＋Cl2(g)K2 ③2NO(g)＋Cl2(g)2ClNO(g)K3 则K3＝________(用K1和K2表示)。 (2)已知几种化学键的键能数据如下表(亚硝酰氯的结构为Cl—N===O)： 化学键 N≡O Cl—Cl Cl—N N===O 键能/(kJ•mol－1)630 243 a 607 则2NO(g)＋Cl2(g)2ClNO(g)反应的ΔH和a的关系为ΔH＝_______kJ•mol－1。(3)按投料比2∶1把NO和Cl2加入到一恒压的密闭容器中发生反应，平衡时NO的转化率与温度T、压强p(总压)的关系如图(a)所示： ①该反应的ΔH________(填“>”“<”或“＝”)0。 ②在p压强条件下，M点时容器内NO的体积分数为________。③若反应一直保持在p压强条件下进行，则M点的分压平衡常数Kp＝________(用含p的表达式表示，用平衡分压代替平衡浓度计算，分压＝总压×体积分数)。 (4)一定条件下在恒温恒容的密闭容器中按一定比例充入NO(g)和Cl2(g)，在n(NO)/n(Cl2)＝1.5时达到平衡状态，ClNO的体积分数可能是图(b)中D、E、F三点中的________点。25.(12分)近年来，研究人员提出利用含硫物质热化学循环实现太阳能的转化与存储，过程如下： (1)反应Ⅰ：2H2SO4(l)=2SO2(g)+2H2O(g)+O2(g)△H1=+551kJ•mol-1 反应Ⅲ：S(g)+O2(g)=SO2(g)△H3=-297 kJ•mol-1 反应Ⅱ的热化学方程式：。 (2)对反应Ⅱ，在某一投料比时，两种压强下，H2SO4在平衡体系中物质的量分数随温度的变化关系如右图所示，p2______p1（填“＞”或“＜”），得出该结论的理由是。 (3)I-可以作为水溶液中SO2歧化反应的催化剂，可能的催化过程如下，将ii补充完整 i．SO2+4I-+4H+=S↓+2I2+2H2O ii．I2+2H2O+______=______+______+2I-(4)探究i、ii反应速率与SO2歧化反应速率的关系，实验如下：分别将18 mLSO2饱和溶液加入到2mL下列试剂中，密闭放置观察现象，（已知：I2易溶解在KI溶液中）序号 A B C D 试剂组成 0.4 mol•L-1 KI amol•L-1 KI 0.2mol•L-1H2SO4 0.2mol•L-1H2SO4 0.2 mol•L-1 KI 0.0002 molI2 实验现象 溶液变黄，一段时间后出现浑浊 溶液变黄，出现浑浊较A快 无明显现象象 溶液由棕褐色很快褪色，变成黄色，出现浑浊较A快 ① B是A的对比实验，则a=______。②比较A、B、C，可得出的结论是______。 ③实验表明，SO2的歧化反应速率D＞A．结合i，ii反应速率解释原因：______。参考答案 一、选择题（每小题2分，共40分）1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A C A B C B A D C C 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 C B A D D A D B D C 二、非选择题（共60分）21.（每空2分，共10分） (1)增大；增大 (2)否；大于；Qc < K，平衡向正反应方向移动。22．（10分） (1)黄(1分)； c(H+)变小，平衡向正反应方向移动，使c(CrO42-)增大(2分)。(2)橙(1分)；加入过量稀硫酸，使得溶液中c(H+)变大，平衡向逆反应方向移动，使c(Cr2O72-)增大(2分)(3)正反应(1分)；橙色逐渐变浅，最后变为无色(1分)。(4)K2Cr2O7酸性溶液氧化性强(2分)。23．（每空2分，共14分）(1)400℃和1个大气压 (2)AC(3)=；800(4)① C； ②向正反应方向；0.36mol (1)K21K2(2)+(289-2a)(3)①<； ②40%； ③5p(4)D 25.（除标注外，每空2分，共12分） (1)3SO2(g)+2H2O(g)2H2SO4(l)+S(s)ΔH2=−254 kJ•mol−1(2)>(1分)； 反应Ⅱ是气体物质的量减小的反应，温度一定时，增大压强使反应正向移动，H2SO4 的物质的 量增大，体系总物质的量减小，H2SO4的物质的量分数增大(3)SO2 SO42− 4H+(共2分)(4)①0.4(1分)②I−是SO2歧化反应的催化剂，H+单独存在时不具有催化作用，但H+可以加快歧化反应速率 ③反应ii比i快；D中由反应ii产生的H+使反应i加快 相对原子质量：H∶1 C∶12 N∶14 O∶16 Na∶23 S∶32 Cl∶35.5 K∶39 Fe∶56 Mn∶55 Ba∶137 第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共48分） 一、选择题（每小题3分，共48分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意） 1．下列说法不正确的是 A．能量较高、有可能发生有效碰撞的分子称为活化分子 B．活化分子的平均能量与所有分子的平均能量之差称为活化能 C．催化剂能参与反应，可降低原反应所需活化能 D．非活化分子也有可能发生有效碰撞 2．下列实验方法中，不能证明醋酸是弱电解质的是 A．常温下，测定0.1mol•L−1 CH3COOH的pH B．常温下，测一定浓度的CH3COONa溶液的pH C．等体积的0.1mol•L−1 HCl和0.1mol•L−1醋酸溶液，比较中和这两种酸所需等物质的量浓度的NaOH溶液的体积 D．等体积的0.1mol•L−1 HCl和0.1mol•L−1醋酸溶液，分别与等量的颗粒大小相同的Zn反应，观察产生气泡的速率 3．对可逆反应4NH3(g)+5O2(g)4NO(g)+6H2O(g)，下列叙述正确的是 A．达到化学平衡时，2V正(NH3)=3V逆(H2O)B．若单位时间内生成x mol NO的同时，消耗x mol NH3，则反应达到平衡状态 C．达到化学平衡时，若增加容器体积，则正反应速率减小，逆反应速率减小 D．达到平衡时，若减小容器体积，则NH3的转化率会增大 4．下列说法中正确的是 A．水是极弱的电解质，它能微弱电离生成H+，所以严格地说纯水呈微酸性 B．向水中加入稀氨水，平衡逆向移动，c(OH−)降低 C． ℃纯水中c(OH−)×c(H+)=Kw，稀酸和稀碱中Kw=c(OH－)×c(H+)≠10−14 D．H2O H++OH−是吸热过程，所以温度升高，平衡向电离方向移动，Kw随之增大 5．下列实验事实不能用平衡移动原理解释的是 A．pH=11的氨水稀释10倍后溶液pH＞10 B．将氯化铝溶液加热蒸干并灼烧，最终得氧化铝固体 C．对2HI(g)H2(g)+I2(g)，减小容器体积，气体颜色变深 D．水垢中含有CaSO4，可先用Na2CO3溶液浸泡处理，而后用盐酸去除 6．下列事实一定能说明HF是弱酸的是 ①常温下NaF溶液的pH大于7；②用HF溶液做导电性实验，灯泡很暗；③HF与NaCl不能发生反应；④常温下0.1mol•L−1的HF溶液的pH为2.3；⑤HF能与Na2CO3溶液反应，产生CO2气体⑥HF与水能以任意比混溶；⑦1mol•L−1的HF水溶液能使紫色石蕊试液变红 A．①④⑦ B．②③⑤ C．③④⑥ D．①④ 7．下列过程或现象与盐类水解无关的是 A．纯碱溶液去油污 B．加热氯化铁溶液颜色变深 C．铁在潮湿的环境中生锈 D．浓硫化钠溶液有臭味 8．一定温度下，将一定质量的冰醋酸加水稀释过程中，溶液的导电能力变化如图所示，下列说法正确的是 A．a、b、c三点溶液的pH：c＜a＜b B．用湿润的pH试纸测量a处溶液的pH，测量结果偏小 C．a、b、c三点CH3COOH的电离程度：c＜a＜b D．a、b、c三点溶液用1mol•L−1 NaOH溶液中和，消耗NaOH溶液体积：c＜a＜b 9．在密闭容器中进行如下可逆反应：X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g)，已知X2、Y2、XY三者起始浓度分别为0.1mol•L−1、0.3mol•L−1、0.2mol•L−1，在一定条件下反应处于平衡，此时容器中不可能的情况是 A．X2为0.2mol•L−1 B．Y2为0.35 mol•L−1 C．XY为0.3mol•L−1 D．X2、Y2、XY总浓度为0.6mol•L−1 10．通过下列实验操作及现象，不能得出相应结论的是 选项 实验操作和现象 结论 A 向滴有酚酞的Na2CO3溶液中加入BaCl2溶液，生成白色沉淀，红色褪去 Na2CO3溶液中存在水解平衡 B 将金属钠在燃烧匙中点燃，迅速伸入集满CO2的集气瓶，瓶中产生大量白烟，瓶内有黑色颗粒产生 CO2具有氧化性 C 向等物质的量浓度的NaCl、Na2CrO4混合溶液中加入2滴AgNO3溶液，只生成白色沉淀 Ksp(AgCl) 13．在一定温度下，将气体X和气体Y各0.16mol充入10L恒容密闭容器中，发生反应X(g)+Y(g)2Z(g)△H<0，一段时间后达到平衡。反应过程中测定的数据如下表，下列说法正确的是 t/min 2 4 7 9 n(Y)/mol 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 A．反应前2min的平均速率υ(Z)=2.0×103mol•(L•min)-1 B．其他条件不变，降低温度，反应达到新平衡前υ(逆)＜υ(正)C．该温度下此反应的平衡常数K=120 D．其他条件不变，再充入0.2mol Z，平衡时X的体积分数增大 14．取未知浓度的硫酸、盐酸和醋酸各25.00mL，分别用0.10mol•L−1的NaOH溶液或0.10mol•L−1的稀氨水滴定得到下图曲线。下列说法正确的是 A．由图可知曲线c为NaOH滴定硫酸 B．由图可知硫酸的物质的量浓度大于盐酸的物质的量浓度 C．曲线b、c的滴定实验可用酚酞做指示剂 D．由图可知滴定前醋酸的物质的量浓度为0.060mol•L-1 15．下列说法正确的是 A．由图甲可知，升高温度醋酸钠的水解程度增大 B．由图乙可知，a点Kw的数值比b点Kw的数值大 C．由图丙可知，反应A(g)+B(g)===2C(g)是吸热反应 D．由图丁可知，反应C(金刚石，s)=C(石墨，s)的焓变ΔH=ΔH1-ΔH2 16．已知某温度下，MnCO3、MnS的溶度积分别为2.0×10−11、5.0×10−14。下列推断不正确的是 A．碳酸锰的溶解度大于硫化锰的溶解度 B．碳酸锰转化成硫化锰的离子方程式为MnCO3(s)+S2−(aq)MnS(s)+CO2−3(aq)C．碳酸锰转化成硫化锰的平衡常数K=2.5×10−3 D．在含相同浓度的CO2−3，S2−的溶液中滴加氯化锰溶液，先产生沉淀是MnS 第Ⅱ卷（共52分） 二、非选择题 17．（1）甲醇(CH3OH)是重要的溶剂和替代燃料，工业上用CO和H2在一定条件下制备CH3OH的反应为：CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g)，在体积为1L的恒容密闭容器中，充入2mol CO和4mol H2，一定条件下发生上述反应，测得CO(g)和CH3OH(g)的浓度随时间变化如图一所示。 ①从反应开始到5min，用CO表示的平均反应速率v(CO)=________。②下列说法正确的是____________(填字母序号)。A．达到平衡时，H2的转化率为65% B．5min后容器中混合气体的平均相对分子质量不再改变 C．达到平衡后，再充入氩气，反应速率减小 D．2min前v(正)>v(逆)，2min后v(正) ②对于可逆反应C(s)+2H2O(g)+CaO(s)CaCO3(s)+2H2(g)，采取以下措施可以提高H2产率的是________。(填字母)A．降低体系的温度 B．压缩容器的体积 C．增加CaO的量 D．选用适当的催化剂 （3）对于可逆反应C(s)+2H2O(g)+CaO(s)CaCO3(s)+2H2(g)，该反应_____（填“能”或“不能”）自发进行。 18．H2S在金属离子的鉴定分析、煤化工等领域都有重要应用。请回答： Ⅰ.工业上一种制备H2S的方法是在催化剂、高温条件下，用天然气与SO2反应，同时生成两种能参与大气循环的氧化物。（1）该反应的化学方程式为__________________________________________________。Ⅱ.H2S是煤化工原料气脱硫过程的重要中间体。反应原理为 ⅰ.COS(g)＋H2(g)H2S(g)＋CO(g)ΔH＝＋7kJ•mol−1； ⅱ.CO(g)＋H2O(g)CO2(g)＋H2(g)ΔH＝－42kJ•mol−1。（2）已知：断裂1mol分子中的化学键所需吸收的能量如表所示。分子 COS(g)H2(g)CO(g)H2S(g)H2O(g)CO2(g)能量/(kJ•mol−1)1 319 442 x 678 930 1606 表中x＝________。 （3）向10L容积不变的密闭容器中充入1mol COS(g)、1mol H2(g)和1mol H2O(g)，进行上述两个反应。其他条件不变时，体系内CO的平衡体积分数与温度(T)的关系如图所示。 ①随着温度升高，CO的平衡体积分数________(填“增大”或“减小”)。原因为_________________________________________________。 ②T1℃时，测得平衡时体系中COS的物质的量为0.80mol。则该温度下，COS的平衡转化率为________；反应ⅰ的平衡常数为________(保留两位有效数字)。19．(11分)某温度时，Ag2SO4在水溶液中的沉淀溶解平衡曲线如图所示： （1）a点表示Ag2SO4________(填“饱和”或“不饱和”)溶液；（2）b点对应的Ksp________(填“<”“>”或“＝”)c点对应的Ksp；（3）现将足量的Ag2SO4分别放入： a．40mL 0.01mol•L−1K2SO4溶液 b．10mL蒸馏水 c．10mL 0.02mol•L−1H2SO4溶液 则Ag2SO4的溶解度由大到小的排列顺序为________(填字母)。（4）下列有关Ag2SO4的说法中正确的是________。A．含有大量SO2－4的溶液中肯定不存在Ag+ B．Ag2SO4的溶度积常数(Ksp)＝1.6×10−5(mol•L−1)3 C．0.02mol•L−1的AgNO3溶液与0.2mol•L−1的Na2SO4溶液等体积混合不会生成沉淀 （5）往Ag2SO4固体中加入足量的Na2CrO4溶液，可观察到砖红色沉淀(Ag2CrO4为砖红色)，写出沉淀转化的离子方程式：__________________________________________。20．回答下列问题： （1）将等体积等物质的量浓度的醋酸和氢氧化钠溶液混合后，溶液呈_______（填“酸性”，“中性”或“碱性”，下同），溶液中c(Na+)____________c(CH3COO－)（填“<”“>”或“＝”）。 （2）常温下，取0.2mol•L−1 HCl溶液与0.2mol•L−1 MOH溶液等体积混合，测得混合后溶液的pH=5。写出MOH的电离方程式：__________________。（3）99℃时，向pH＝6的蒸馏水中加入NaHSO4晶体，保持温度不变，测得溶液的pH＝2。此时水的离子积Kw＝________，水电离出的c(H+)＝________，而此时溶液中的c(Na+)__________c（SO2−4）（填“<”“>”或“＝”）。（4）相同温度下等物质的量浓度的下列溶液中 A．NH4C1 B．NH4HCO3 C．NH4HSO4 D．(NH4)2SO4 ①pH值由大到小的顺序是__________(用对应的字母填写）。 ②NH+4离子浓度由大到小的顺序是__________(用对应的字母填写）。21．某学生用已知物质的量浓度的盐酸来测定未知物质的量浓度的NaOH溶液时，选择甲基橙作指示剂。请填写下列空白： （1）下图中___（填“A”或“B”）是碱式滴定管，进行该实验的第一步操作是__________________。 （2）用标准的盐酸滴定待测的NaOH溶液时，左手握酸式滴定管的活塞，右手摇动锥形瓶，眼睛注视锥形瓶中溶液颜色变化，直到因加入一滴盐酸后，出现________________（填“现象”）说明达到滴定终点。 （3）下列操作中可能使所测NaOH溶液的浓度数值偏低的是（）A．酸式滴定管未用标准盐酸润洗就直接注入标准盐酸 B．滴定前盛放NaOH溶液的锥形瓶用蒸馏水洗净后没有干燥 C．酸式滴定管在滴定前有气泡，滴定后气泡消失 D．读取盐酸体积时，开始仰视读数，滴定结束时俯视读数 （4）若滴定开始和结束时，酸式滴定管中的液面如图所示，则所用盐酸溶液的体积为________mL。 （5）某学生根据3次实验分别记录有关数据如下表： 滴定次数 待测NaOH溶液的体积/mL 0.1000mol•L−1盐酸的体积/mL 滴定前刻度 滴定后刻度 第一次 25.00 0.00 26.11 第二次 25.00 1.56 30.30 第三次 25.00 0.22 26.31 依据上表数据列式计算该NaOH溶液的物质的量浓度（写出简要过程）。 化 学答 案 第I卷（选择题，共48分） 一、选择题（每小题3分，共48分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1.【答案】D 【解析】A．活化分子发生有效碰撞，要求能量高、碰撞方向正确，发生有效碰撞的分子是活化分子，故说法正确；B．活化能是活化分子的平均能量与所有分子的平均能量之差，故说法正确；C．催化剂参加反应，能够降低活化分子的活化能，故说法正确；D．有效碰撞是活化分子发生反应时的碰撞，要求具有一定能量和取向，故说法错误。2.【答案】C 【解析】A．常温下，测定0.1mol•L−1 CH3COOH的pH值，若pH大于1，即可证明为弱电解质，选项A不选；B．常温下，乙酸钠溶液显示碱性，说明乙酸钠为为强碱弱酸盐，从而证明了乙酸为弱电解质，选项B不选；C．等体积的0.1mol•L−1 HCl和0.1mol•L−1醋酸溶液，中和这两种酸所需等物质的量浓度的NaOH溶液的体积相等，不能证明醋酸是弱电解质，选项C选；D．等体积的0.1mol•L−1 HCl和0.1mol•L−1醋酸溶液，分别与等量的颗粒大小相同的Zn反应，盐酸反应产生气泡的速率较快，说明醋酸不完全电离，是弱电解质，选项D不选。答案选C。 3.【答案】C 【解析】A．平衡时，不同物质的正逆反应速率之比等于化学计量系数之比，则达平衡时，3V正(NH3)=2V逆(H2O)，A错误；B．若单位时间内生成x mol NO的同时，消耗x mol NH3，都表示反应向正向进行，不能说明反应到达平衡，B错误；C．达到化学平衡时，若增加容器体积，各物质浓度均减小，则正逆反应速率均减小，C正确；D．达到平衡时，若减小容器体积，相当于加压，平衡左移，则NH3的转化率会减小，D错误；综上所述，本题选C。 4.【答案】D 【解析】A．水是极弱的电解质，它能微弱电离生成等量的氢离子和氢氧根离子，故纯水呈中性，故A错误；B．向水中加入稀氨水，一水合氨电离出氢氧根离子，则溶液中氢氧根离子浓度增大，故B错误；C．纯水中c(OH−)×c(H+)=10−14=Kw，Kw是一常数，只与温度有关，温度不变，Kw不变，故稀酸和稀碱中Kw=c(OH−)×c(H+)=10−14，故C错误；D．水的电离是吸热过程，温度升高，平衡向电离方向移动，氢离子和氢氧根离子浓度增大，故Kw随之增大，故D正确；故选D。5.【答案】C 【解析】A．本来稀释10倍碱性变弱10倍，pH应该是10。但是氨水属于弱碱，弱碱部分电离，NH3•H2O NH+4+OH−加水稀释平衡正向移动，碱性稍大些，所以比10大些，但大不过11，故A 能用平衡移动原理解释；B．铝离子在水溶液中发生水解，AlCl3+3H2O Al(OH)3+3HCl↑，加热条件下氯化氢逐渐挥发，平衡正向移动，氢氧化铝受热易分解，2Al(OH)3===Al2O3+3H2O，所以把氯化铝溶液蒸干，灼烧，最后得到的主要固体产物是氧化铝，故B能用平衡移动原理解释；C．对2HI(g)H2(g)+I2(g)反应前后气体的物质的量没有变化，改变压强不会使平衡发生移动，而减小容器体积，气体颜色变深，是因为体积变小，碘蒸汽的密度增大，导致颜色加深，故C不能用平衡移动原理解释；D．因为溶解度S(CaCO3)＜S(CaSO4)，故水垢中的CaSO4时，加入饱和Na2CO3溶液，能将CaSO4转化为CaCO3，后加盐酸，水垢溶解，从而除去水垢，故D能用平衡移动原理解释；综上所述，本题正确答案为C。6.【答案】D 【解析】①说明水解显碱性，正确；①只能说明溶液中离子的浓度小，但无法确定是否是弱酸，不正确；③不能说明；④说明存在电离平衡，正确；⑤只能说明HF的酸性强于碳酸的，不正确；⑥不正确，和溶解性无关；⑦只能说明溶液显酸性，不正确，所以答案选D。7.【答案】C 【解析】A．纯碱即Na2CO3，是强碱弱酸盐，能水解出NaOH：Na2CO3+H2O NaHCO3+NaOH，而NaOH能使油脂水解达到去油污的目的，与水解有关，A不选；B．铁离子水解生成能生成氢氧化铁，水解吸热，因此加热促进氯化铁水解，氢氧化铁浓度增大，溶液颜色变深，与水解有关，B不选；C．铁的生锈根据水膜的酸性强弱可以分为析氢腐蚀和吸氧腐蚀，但均与盐类水解无关，C选；D．硫化钠Na2S是强碱弱酸盐，能水解出H2S：S2−+H2O HS−+OH−，HS−+H2O OH−+H2S，H2S有臭鸡蛋气味，与盐类水解有关，D不选。答案选C。8.【答案】B 【解析】A．导电能力越强，离子浓度越大，氢离子浓度越大，pH越小，则a、b、c三点溶液的pH为b＜a＜c，A错误；B．用湿润的pH试纸测量酸性的pH，a处溶液稀释，导电能力增大，溶液酸性增强，pH减小，所以测量结果偏小，B正确；C．随水的增多，醋酸的电离程度增大，所以a、b、c三点醋酸的电离程度：a＜b＜c，C错误；D．a、b、c三点溶液浓度不同，但溶质的物质的量相同，所以a、b、c三点溶液用1mol•L−1氢氧化钠溶液中和，消耗氢氧化钠溶液体积：a=b=c，D错误；答案选B。9.【答案】A 【解析】若反应向正反应进行到达平衡，X2、Y2的浓度最小，XY的浓度最大，假定完全反应，则： X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g)开始（mol•L−1）0.1 0.3 0.2 变化（mol•L−1）0.1 0.1 0.2平衡（mol•L−1）0 0.2 0.4 若反应逆正反应进行到达平衡，X2、Y2的浓度最大，XY的浓度最小，假定完全反应，则： X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g)开始（mol•L−1）0.1 0.3 0.2 变化（mol•L−1）0.1 0.1 0.2平衡（mol•L−1）0.2 0.4 0 因为可逆反应，物质不能完全转化所以平衡时浓度范围为0 10.【答案】D 【解析】A．Na2CO3溶液水解显碱性，遇酚酞变红，加BaCl2溶液，水解平衡逆向移动，则证明Na2CO3溶液中存在水解平衡，选项A正确；B．瓶内有黑色颗粒产生，说明生成C，发生反应是4Na+CO2=====点燃2Na2O+C，CO2中C的化合价降低，因此CO2作氧化剂，被还原，选项B正确；C．在等浓度NaCl和Na2CrO4混合溶液中加入2滴AgNO3溶液，只生成白色沉淀，说明先生成氯化银沉淀，则Ksp(AgCl) 温度，化学平衡向正反应方向移动，反应达到新平衡前v(逆)＜v(正)，B正确；C.该温度下此反应的平衡常数K＝，C错误；D.该反应前后气体的分子数不变，所以改变压强后，平衡不移动。其他条件不变，再充入0.2mol Z，相当于对原平衡加压，所以平衡时X的体积分数不变，D错误。答案选B。14.【答案】D 【解析】A．由图像可知加入氢氧化钠或氨水时，a的pH在开始阶段变化较大，应为碱滴定弱酸的变化曲线，则b、c为硫酸盐酸的滴定曲线，由于浓度未知，则不能确定b、c，故错误；B．硫酸、盐酸都为强酸，题中纵坐标为pH，不能确定浓度的大小，故错误；C．如用氨水中和，滴定终点时溶液呈现酸性，应用甲基橙为指示剂，故错误；D．开始时醋酸的pH为3，氢离子浓度为0.001mol•L−1，滴定终点时消耗氢氧化钠的体积为15mL，则有c×0.025=0.10×0.015，解c=0.06mol•L−1，故正确。故选D。15.【答案】A 【解析】A． 由图甲可知，升高温度醋酸钠溶液的pH增大，故其水解程度增大，A正确；B．Kw只与温度有关，a点Kw的数值与b点Kw的数值相等，B不正确；C．由图丙可知，T2对应的化学反应速率较大，故T2温度较高，C的平衡时的体积分数较小，故反应A(g)+B(g)===2C(g)是放热反应，C不正确；D．由图丁可知，反应C(金刚石，s)=C(石墨，s)是放热反应，由盖斯定律可知，ΔH=ΔH2-ΔH1，D不正确。本题选A。16.【答案】C 【解析】A．碳酸锰和硫化锰的组成形式相似，溶度积MnCO3＞MnS，则碳酸锰的溶解度大于硫化锰的溶解度，故A正确；B． 碳酸锰中存在碳酸锰的溶解平衡，当加入硫离子时生成硫化锰沉淀，使碳酸锰的溶解平衡右移，反应离子方程式为MnCO3(s)+S2−(aq)MnS(s)+CO2−3(aq)，故B正确；C．碳酸锰转化成硫化锰的反应方程式为：MnCO3+S2− MnS+CO32−，该反应的平衡常数为K= = • = = =400，故C错误；D．MnS和MnCO3是同类型沉淀，可直接根据Ksp数值比较溶解性情况，难溶的优先产生沉淀，在含相同浓度的CO2− 3、S2−的溶液中滴加氯化锰溶液，由于Ksp(MnS)＜Ksp(MnCO3)，则MnS比MnCO3更难溶，先产生沉淀是MnS，故D正确；故选C。17.【答案】（1）①0.3mol•(L•min)−1；②B（2）①−90.3kJ•mol−1；K1•K2•K3；②A（3）能 【解析】（1）①v(CO)=△c/△t=(2.0−0.5)mol•L−1/5min=0.3mol•(L•min)−1；②A．达到平衡时，H2的转化率为(2.0−0.5)mol•L−1×1L×2/4mol=75%，A错误；B．5min后反应达到平衡状态，容器中混合气体的平均相对分子质量不再改变，B正确；C．达到平衡后，再充入氩气，浓度不变，反应速率不变，C错误；D．在反应达到平衡前，v(正)>v(逆)，D错误。答案选B。（2）①由盖斯定律可知，将已知三个方程式相加即得到反应Ⅳ，C(s)+2H2O(g)+CaO(s)CaCO3(s)+2H2(g)的△H=−90.3kJ•mol−1 ；方程式相加，平衡常数相乘，反应Ⅳ平衡常数K=K1•K2•K3；②A．正反应是放热反应，降低体系的温度，平衡正向移动，可以提高H2产率，A正确；B．压缩容器的体积，平衡不移动，B错误；C．增加CaO的量，平衡不移动，C错误；D．选用适当的催化剂，平衡不移动，D错误；答案选A。（3）此反应为放热反应，且没有熵变，可以自发进行。18.【答案】Ⅰ.（1）4SO2＋3CH4=====催化剂高温4H2S＋3CO2＋2H2O Ⅱ.（2）1076 （3）①增大 反应ⅰ为吸热反应，升高温度，平衡正向移动，CO的平衡体积分数增大；反应ⅱ为放热反应，升高温度，平衡逆向移动，CO的平衡体积分数也增大 ②20% 0.044 【解析】（1）天然气的主要成分是CH4，根据题意，CH4与SO2反应生成H2S、CO2和H2O，反应条件是高温、催化剂。根据得失电子守恒和原子守恒配平化学方程式。（2）反应热＝反应物总键能－生成物总键能，对于反应ⅰ，ΔH＝(1319＋442－678－x)kJ•mol−1＝＋7kJ•mol−1，解得x＝1 076（或利用反应ⅱ进行计算，ΔH＝(x＋930－1 606－442)kJ•mol－1＝-42kJ•mol−1，解得x＝1076）。（3）①由题图知，随着温度升高，CO的平衡体积分数增大。反应ⅰ为吸热反应，升高温度，平衡正向移动，CO的平衡体积分数增大；反应ⅱ为放热反应，升高温度，平衡逆向移动，CO的平衡体积分数增大，综合来讲，其他条件不变，升高温度，体系中CO的平衡体积分数增大。②T1℃时，测得平衡时体系中COS的物质的量为0.80mol，则反应的n(COS)＝0.20mol，故COS的平衡转化率为0.20 mol1 mol×100%＝20%。反应ⅰ生成0.20mol CO，剩余0.80mol H2，生成的CO与H2O(g)发生反应ⅱ，设达到平衡时，参加反应ⅱ的CO为x mol，利用三段式法进行计算： CO(g)＋ H2O(g)CO2(g)＋H2(g)起始(mol)0.20 0 0.80 转化(mol)x x x x平衡(mol)0.20－x 1－x x 0.80＋x 开始共投入3mol气体，且反应ⅰ和反应ⅱ都是气体分子数不变的反应，故平衡时体系中气体的总物质的量不变。根据题图知，T1℃达到平衡时，CO的体积分数为5%，故(0.20－x)mol3 mol×100%＝5%，解得x＝0.05。故平衡时体系中n(COS)＝0.80mol，n(H2)＝0.80mol＋0.05mol＝0.85mol，n(H2S)＝0.20 mol，n(CO)＝0.20mol－0.05mol＝0.15mol，反应ⅰ的平衡常数K＝c(H2S)•c(CO)c(COS)•c(H2)＝0.20×0.150.80×0.85≈0.044。19.【答案】（1）不饱和 （2）＝ （3）b>a>c（4）BC（5）Ag2SO4＋CrO2－4===Ag2CrO4＋SO2－4 【解析】（1）曲线上的点都是处于平衡状态，此时纵、横坐标的乘积等于Ksp，a点对应的纵、横坐标的乘积小于Ksp，没有达到饱和。（2）Ksp仅与温度有关。（3）SO2－4对Ag2SO4的溶解起抑制作 用，使溶解度减小，SO2－4浓度越大，溶解度越小。（4）由Ag2SO4(s)2Ag+(aq)＋SO2－4(aq)知A错；取图象中b点计算：Ksp＝c2(Ag+)•c(SO2－4)＝(2×10−2 mol•L−1)2×4×10−2mol•L−1＝1.6×10−5(mol•L−1)3，B对；Q＝c2(Ag+)•c(SO2－4)＝(1×10−2mol•L−1)2×0.1 mol•L−1＝1×10－5(mol•L－1) （3）1.0×10−12；1.0×10−10mol•L−1；＝（4）①B>A>D>C；②D>C>A>B 【解析】（1）将等体积等物质的量浓度的醋酸和氢氧化钠溶液混合后恰好反应生成醋酸钠，醋酸根水解，溶液呈碱性，根据电荷守恒可知溶液中c(Na+)＞c(CH3COO－)。（2）常温下，取0.2mol•L−1 HCl溶液与0.2mol•L−1 MOH溶液等体积混合恰好反应生成MCl，测得混合后溶液的pH=5，说明溶液显酸性，因此M＋水解，则MOH是弱碱，电离方程式为MOH M++OH−。（3）99℃时，pH＝6的蒸馏水中氢离子与氢氧根浓度均是10－6mol•L−1，则此时水的离子积Kw＝1.0×10−12。加入NaHSO4晶体，保持温度不变，测得溶液的pH＝2，即氢离子浓度是0.01mol•L−1，所以氢氧根浓度是10−10mol•L−1，硫酸氢钠抑制水的电离，则水电离出的氢离子浓度等于溶液中氢氧根的浓度，为1.0×10−10mol•L－1，硫酸氢钠不水解，则根据硫酸氢钠的化学式可知而此时溶液中的c(Na+)＝c（SO2−4）。（4）①A．NH4C1溶液中铵根水解，溶液显酸性；B．NH4HCO3溶液中铵根与碳酸氢根的水解相互促进；C．NH4HSO4是强酸的酸式盐，电离出的氢离子抑制铵根水解；D．(NH4)2SO4溶液中铵根水解，溶液显酸性，铵根浓度大，酸性强于氯化铵；所以pH值由大到小的顺序是B>A>D>C。②根据以上分析可知NH+4离子浓度由大到小的顺序是D>C>A>B。21.【答案】（1）A；检查仪器是否漏水（2）溶液由黄色变为橙色，且在半分钟内不变色（3）D（4）26.10（5）＝ ＝26.10mL，c(NaOH)＝0.1000mol•L−1×26.10ml25.00ml＝0.1044mol•L−1 【解析】（1）A是碱式滴定管，使用滴定管前必须进行检查滴定管是否漏水；（2）选择甲基橙作指示剂，用标准的盐酸滴定待测的NaOH溶液时，当出现溶液由黄色变为橙色，且在半分钟内不变 色时，说明达到滴定终点；（3）A．酸式滴定管未用标准盐酸润洗，标准液浓度减小，滴加盐酸体积增大，就所测NaOH溶液的浓度数值偏高，A错误；B．滴定前盛放NaOH溶液的锥形瓶用蒸馏水洗净后没有干燥，没有影响，B错误；C．酸式滴定管在滴定前有气泡，滴定后气泡消失，滴加盐酸体积增大，就所测NaOH溶液的浓度数值偏高，C错误；D．读取盐酸体积时，开始仰视读数，滴定结束时俯视读数，滴加盐酸体积减小，就所测NaOH溶液的浓度数值偏低，D正确。答案选D。（4）所用盐酸溶液的体积为26.10mL；（5）因为第二组实验中，滴加盐酸的体积偏差太大，舍去，则二次实验盐酸体积的平衡值为： ＝ ＝26.10mL，则c(NaOH)＝0.1000mol•L−1×26.10ml25.00ml＝0.1044mol•L−1。第五篇：高二化学上学期期中考试题(附答案)
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