建筑学专业英语视频翻译[五篇范文]

第一篇：建筑学专业英语视频翻译

A very long time ago, far away in China, a villager living along the banks of the Yellow River built a simple mud hut to shelter his family.Thousands of years later in the year 1420, the empire’s best craftsmen put the final touches on the ultimate masterpiece of Chinese architecture---the Temple of Heaven.“Chinese buildings evolved from simple shelters into complex magnificent structures with great swooping roofs, stately columns, and rich detail.”

Between this simple mud hut and this amazingly complex structure---its every detail full with cosmological symbolism---is a tale of emperors, monks, scholars and genius craftsmen---a story which explains an architectural tradition of great beauty and flexibility.And to start this story at the beginning, we have to leap back two millennia, to when the brilliant tyrant QinShihuang becomes the first emperor of a unified China.In 1938, an American fighter pilot flying over a remote part of China, spotted giant pyramid-like structures below.In his excitement he took a photo and declared to the world that he had discovered a lost civilization.What he discovered, however, weren’t pyramids, but massive tomb mounds.And the grandest of them all was the tomb of the man who unified China.“Our story begins with the tomb of QinShihuang the first emperor of China, who lived 200 years before Christ.”

A brilliant warrior and tactician, he annihilated all his rival states and created the imperial system which survived until the year 1904.And the grandeur of his tomb matched that of his ambitions: For more than thirty years he used 700,000 workers---probably more manpower than the pharaohs had assembled to built the pyramids---to re-construct his kingdom in the private underground world of his tomb, with palaces and courts for a hundred officials, rooms containing countless gems, rivers of mercury and candles which would never burn out.They sat you can’t take it with you, but QinShihuang sure tried.“His tomb was guarded by hundreds of terracotta warriors, but just as fascinating were the clay model houses that were found inside his tomb.” Because of their belief that people had to provide for their ancestors in death, the early Chinese buried their deceased with clay models of the structures they depended on in life-granaries, houses, watchtowers and the like.These 2000 year-old models are the only surviving examples of early Chinese wooden architecture, and from them we can see how houses were constructed around the time of the first emperor.These models show a type of wooden house that incredibly can still be seen today.So why did the ancient Chinese build in wood rather than stone, like the ancient Europeans? The availability of wood in the extensive forests of early China was no doubt a major factor.The ancient Chinese did know how to build with stone, and how to use the arch… and they used the arch extensively for tombs, gates and bridges.However they rejected the stone arch for building houses, temples and palaces.To see why we can again find clue from the tomb of the fiest emperor.Archaeologists recently excavated from the tomb a 2000 year-old sword that is still sharp as a razor.The reason it is still sharp is because it is coated with chrome-a fact that may not seem too amazing until you realize that chromium wasn’t invented until 1938-the same year the tombs were spotted by that American pilot.This means is that the ancient Chinese developed incredible metal-working skills very early in their history, and so they had metal woodworking tools at a very early date.Stone can be used to fashion and work stone, as early Britons must have done to build Stonehenge.But iron tools were necessary for wood carving and joinery.And with such tools, however primitive, wood construction was much easier than construction in stone.Western cultures began their architecture without iron tools.So they started in stone and brick and continued building with these materials.The Chinese, on the other hand, began building with wood and continued to do so for 6000 years, starting with the basic Chinese house which was first developed on the flood plain of the yellow river.In areas prone to flooding, this structure was raised on pilings.In the central yellow river valley of China it rested on solid platform.Stone bases for each column, twice the diameter of the column, were placed on this platform, then the column raised on top of this.So, the elevation of a Chinese building has three elements: the podium underneath, the columns in between and big roof resting on top of the columns.Four columns form what is called a bay;groups of bays then form the different types of buildings.From the earliest times the Chinese separated the supporting from the enclosing elements of a building.This meant the interior columns supported the roof weight completely, while the walls were just for privacy and protection from the elements.In a country plagued by powerful earthquakes, the Chinese didn’t build solid walls, which could be cracked and rent apart by an upheaval of the earth’s crust, but rather they built flexible structures without using glue or nails.These structures could ride the heaving earth like a boat, shifting and settling back, with the platform acting almost like a raft.Heavy roofs with tiles were supported by columns built of white fir which was four times stronger than steel, and six times more flexible than concrete.It was the beginning of an architecture of great beauty, elegance and practicality.The first feature of a Chinese building that usually impresses a visitor is the elegant, sweeping and seemingly gigantic roof.Western architecture, with its spires and Greek columnsthe Duo, a block, like a capital, placed at the top of a column.The gong, a bracket placed across the top of the deng, and the spacers between them, called the sheng.“ The degree of complexity is wonderful, with brackets locking together like a Chinese puzzle without any nails or glue.With these duogong the Chinese could extend the roof overhand, without having to building more and more columns inside.To extend the overhang even further, the Chinese devised a clever solution.The roof overhang is one end of a kind of see-saw.Its weight is counterbalanced by the weight of the center of the roof, at the other end of the see-saw, on the fulcrum of just one column.This device, called an ang, lets one column to do the work of three, And makes the heavy tiled roof seem to float in mid-air.Heavy roofs create what is known as 'shear stress'.The Europeans built ”flying buttresses“ to bear the enormous stress created by a cathedral dome.The Chinese on the other hand used brackets at the joints of frames to carry this shear stress down through the brackets and columns into the ground.Increasingly complex bracketing accompanied ever larger, more complex multi-leveled roofs: which came in a myriad of shapes and sizes.”A standardized system of architectural measurement was established in the year 1103, with the publication of Li Chieh's Methods and forms of architecture, a treatise adopted throughout the vast, yet centralized, empire.This book defined the basic units of measurement as standardized sizes of the duogong bracket arms.Depending on the size of the bracket was determined the size of every other element in the building: such as the thickness and height of the columns.This standard survived into modern times.These rules of Chinese architecture governed not only the construction of an individual buildings but also the planning of the layout of a town, a temple, or a palace complex.Ancient Chinese Shamans oriented buildings according to the dictates of feng shui, or wind and water a way of determining mystical forces flowing through the earth.The principles of feng shui were turned into rules used to align man-made structures harmoniously with the currents of the earth's forces, known as chi.These rules controlled siting, ground plan, decoration, and even color.Although steeped in ancient Chinese animistic religion, most of these seemingly mystical rules have their origin in a few simple and practical facts about the climate of central China.China is situated in the temperate zone, with a southwest prevailing wind.By orienting buildings to the south or southeast, the Chinese take advantage of the warmth winds and sunshine from the south to provide people living in halls and courtyards with a pleasant micro-climate.Not only buildings faced south but also cities, palaces and tombs.Ancient Chinese shamans found the directions with the aid of a sinan: history's first magnetic compass.The pointer, shaped like a spoon, was made out of magnetic lodestone.It sits within a circle to represent heaven, and on a square plate representing earth.

第二篇：建筑学专业英语——韵律

There are lots of approaches to the rhythm of landscape.The more often used are as following:

1.The simple rhythm

The simple rhythm refers to the successive arrangement ofthe scenes repeating the same kind of elements in isometry.Such as the trees along the sidewalk with equal distance in between, the long corridors in the same height and distance, the mountain trails or the mountain climbing wall with same height and width.2.Alternative rhythm

Namely, the successive arrangement of the scenes repeating more than two kinds of elements by turn.3.Regular changed rhythm

Regular changed rhythm refers to rhythm arises from the gradual increase or decrease of the successively repeated parts of the design at certain aspect, the density of colors, the thickness of the materials ect.At same time,it usually reflects the gradual change of degrees and quanlity between the different components.3.See-saw rhythm

See-saw rhythm is brought about by one or more factors undulating regularly in appearance.The sky in wildwood area

adpots this kind of rhythm.4.Mimesis rhythm

The mimesis rhythm refers to the successive arrangement of the scenes with the composition of uniform and different elements.For instance, the shape of the parterres may be the same, while the species and arrangement of the flowers and grasses inside are different.5.Interlaced rhythm

Namely, the rhythm caused by certain factor which regularly alternates and crosses in length and breadth.The changes happen vertically and horizontally or in many a direction.The space may be open or poky,bright or dim,the scenery is sometimes gaily colored, sometimes simple but elegant elegant,living or quite.The suitable organizing can still be rhythmical.In the actual arrangement of the landscape, a number of rhythm are applicable to one scene.The reasonable combination may create more desirable and artistic scenery on the premise that the function of the landscape are available.Therefore, rhythm is a crucial aspect concerning the unity and variety of the scenic layout.

第三篇：专业英语 翻译

1.Design means features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornamentation applicable to an article, being features that, in the finished article, can be judged by the eye, but does not include method or principle if construction.1 设计意味着形状的特征，结构，图案或装饰，用于一个物品中，成为一种特征，在完成的物品中，可以通过眼睛来判断，但不包括形成方法或原则。

2.Design is the activity that makes the living environment more suitable for people,it is also the tool by which the technologies, manufacture ability, market needs and resources can be transferred into the useful results and products.设计是一种能让生活环境更适宜人类生存的活动，也是一种可以将科学技术、制造能力、市场需求和资源转换为有用的结果和产品的工具。Design is the area of human experience, skill and knowledge that reflects mains concernwith the appreciation of his surroundings in the light of his materials and spiritual need, in particular, it relates with configuration, composition, meaning, value and purpose in man-made phenomena.3设计是人类的体验、技能和知识的结合体，源于设计者对其周遭环境的欣赏，按照其当时拥有的材料和精神需求，反映了一些主要问题，特别是在人为现象中，设计与外形结构、组成成分、含义、价值和目的都有关系。

4Design is the professional service of creating and developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer.4 设计是一种创造、开发新的观念与规范的专业服务，即在用户和制造商的共同利益的基础上，优化产品和系统的功能、价值和外观。

5.Design is an activity that uses wide range of experience, knowledge, and skills to find the best solution to a problem, within certain constrains.一定的约束。设计是一种活动，它广泛运用经验，知识，和技能，在一定的约束下，去寻找解决问题的最佳方法。

6.Design is far more than just problem-solving.It involves the whole process of producing a solution, from conception to evaluation.概念 评价。设计不仅仅是解决问题，它包括一个从概念到评估全过程的解决方法。

7.Design is a creative activity whose aim is to establish the multi-faceted qualities of objects多方面的品质目标, processes, services and their systems in whole life-cycles.7 设计是一种创造性的活动，旨在建立多方面的品质目标，过程，服务和全部生命周期中的系统。

8．Design is concerned with the whole process from identifying a problem, through to creating a solution and then testing it.设计与发现问题，解决方案以及对其试验的整个过程密切相关。

When applied to fine and applied arts, engineering, and other such creative efforts, design is both a noun and a verb.当设计应用于精美的或者实用型的艺术、工程或其他类似的创造性工作时，它既是一个

名词，又是一个动词。Red activates your pituitary gland, increasing your heart rate and causing you to breathe more rapidly.This visceral response makes red aggressive, energetic, provocative and attention-grabbing.Count on red to evoke a passionate response, albeit not always a favorable one.For example, red can represent danger or indebtedness.9 红色，激活了你的脑下垂体，增加了你的心率，加速了你的呼吸。这些生理上的反应也赋予了红色以攻击性、活力、刺激并引人注目。虽然红色并非总是最惹人喜爱的颜色，但凭借红色仍可唤起充满激情的回应。例如，红色可以用来表征危险或债务。It's important to remember that colors can have different meanings in different parts of the world.If your business operates globally, make sure you research the color selections for your brand to ensure your colors accurately communicate your brand image in international markets.10 我们应当铭记，各种色彩在世界的不同地区有着不同的含义。如果你在从事全球性的贸易，一定要充分调研自家品牌的色彩选择，确保选用的颜色在国际市场上能够准确传达品牌形象。

11.Blue is frequently used to promote products and services related to cleanliness and purity — cleaning liquids and water purification filters — air and sky for airlines, airports, and air conditioners, or water and sea such as bottled waters and ocean voyages.11.蓝色是经常被用来促进产品和服务，清洁和纯洁性清洁液体和水净化过滤器-空气，天空与航空公司，机场，和空调，或水和海水如瓶装水和大洋航行。

Rococo 洛可可Baroque style 巴洛克风格 Romantic painting浪漫主义画派Realism现实主义Abstract 抽象派

secondary colors:间色（绿橙紫）

primary colors:原色

complementary colors:补色

in-house 内部的the definition of design management 设计管理的定义

design project management设计项目管理

Sustainable design 可持续设计

Green design 绿色设计

Attribute属性，品质

cutting-edge前沿的end-user 终端用户

humanity 人，人性

prototype原型

usability可用性

human centered design 以人为本的设计

briefn.概要, 摘要

The design process设计过程

Observation and adaptation观察法和改良设计

ideas from drawing从图纸的想法

Brainstorming 头脑风暴

Checklists 调查问卷法

human body measurement 人体测量

a procedural flow chart 程序流程图

time schedule 时间表

sustainable design(green design)可持续设计

古希腊文化是西方文明的发源地。而且，古希腊设计也是西方设计的起源。特别是它的建筑艺术深深影响了西方建筑2000多年。

到了汉代，传统祭祀器皿的制造已经停止，青铜用于制造实用品或者奢侈品。到了唐代，金，银，镀金青铜几乎完全取代了铜，可能因为与中亚和西亚的人的接触，那里贵重的金属材料很久前就被重视了。

第四篇：同济大学建筑学专业英语阅读材料125

STAIR SEATS

… we know that paths and larger public gathering places need a definite shape and a degree of enclosure, with people looking into them, not out of them – SMALL PUBLIC SQUARES（61）, POSITIVE OUTDOOR SPACE（106）, PATH SHAPE（121）.Stairs around the edge do it just perfectly;and they also help embellish FAMILY OF ENTRANCES（102）, MAIN ENTRANCES（110）, and OPEN STAIRS（158）.* * * Wherever there is action in a place, the spots which are the most inviting, are those high enough to give people a vantage point, and low enough to put them in action.On the one hand, people seek a vantage point from which they can take in the action as a whole.On the other hand, they still want to be part of the action;they do not want to be mere onlookers.Unless a public space provides for both tendencies, a lot of people simply will not stay there.For a person looking at the horizon, the visual field is far larger below the horizon than above it.It is therefore clear that anybody who is “people-watching” will naturally try to take up a position a few feet above the action.The trouble is that this position will usually have the effect of removing a person from the action.Yet most people want to be able to take the action in and to be part of it at the time.This means that any places which are slightly elevated must also be within easy reach of passers-by, hence on circulation paths, and directly accessible from below.The bottom few steps of stairs, and the balusters and rails along stairs, are precisely the kinds of places which resolve these tendencies.People sit on the edges of the lower steps, if they are wide enough and inviting, and they lean against the rails.There is a simple kind of evidence, both for the reality of the forces described here and for the value of the pattern.When there are areas in public spaces which are both slightly raised and very accessible, people naturally gravitate toward them.Stepped cafe terraces, steps surrounding public plazas, stepped porches, stepped statues and seats, are all examples.Therefore:

In any public place where people loiter, add a few steps at the edge where stairs come down or where there is a change of level.Make these raised areas immediately accessible from below, so that people may congregate and sit to watch the goings-on.* * * Give the stair seats the same orientation as SEAT SPOTS（241）.Make the steps out of wood or tile or brick so that they wear with time, and show the marks of feet, and are soft to the touch for people sitting on them – SOFT TILE AND BRICK（248）;and make the steps connect directly to surrounding buildings – CONNECT TO THE EARTH（168）….

第五篇：机械工程专业英语_翻译

spark-igniton engine 电火花式发动机 acceptance sampling 认可采样 accessing 访问 accurate 准确的 acoustic 声学的 actuator 作动器 alternator 交流发动机 analog sensor 模拟传感器

analog-to-digital converter 模数转换器 armature 电枢

Artificial intelligence 人工智能 artificial neural networks 神经网络 as a general rule of thumb 按惯例 assumption 假设

asynchronous AC motors 异步交流电动机asynchronous 不同时的，异步的 bargains 讨价还价 bear on 生成 binomial 二项的 Brake system 制动系统

brushed/brushless motors 有刷/无刷电机 built into 内建

By the same token 出于同样的原因 capacitor Start 电容器启动（电动机）catastrophically 毁灭性地 charging circuit 充电电路 Charging system 供电系统 chassis 车身底盘

compression-ignition engine 压然式发动机 coil high-tension cables 线圈高压电缆 compartment 间隔间，车厢 Compound wound 复励 concerned with 与有关 concise 简洁

conductivity 传导率constant load 定常负载 contracts 合同 Converter 转换器

corporate activities 公司的行为 credited letters 对账单 cylinder 汽缸

data acquisition 数据拾取defectives 缺陷产品 derived from 起源于

destructive inspection 有损检测 Detect 检测

diesel/compression-ignition engine 柴油机 Differential 差速器

dimensions of parts 零件的尺寸 dissipate 耗尽，用完 distribution 分发 distributor 分电器

downgrade to a lower quality level 信用等级下调 dynamic braking 动态制动

Electricalsystem 电气系统electrical equipment 电气装置 electrical schematics 电气原理图 electrical system 供电系统

electromechanical system 机电系统electromechanical 机电的 eliminate 排除 emphasis on 强调 equivalent 相等的 Essential 基本的 establish 建立

expert system 专家系统

fiber-optic sensor 光纤传感器fiber-optic sensors 光纤传感器 Fiber-optic 光纤 field service 现场服务 flaws 有缺点的 flux 通量 flywheel 飞轮

fractional horsepower(rating)小功率电动机 fractional 部分的，分数的 functional 功能的gasoline/spark-ignition engine 汽油机 Gas-turbine engine汽轮机 generate 产生 geographic 地理的Gross domestic product 总产值heat engines 热机 high-tension 高压的 hood（发动机）罩 humidity 湿度 hyperbolic 双曲线的hysteresis motors磁滞式电动机 hysteresis 滞后作用，磁滞式 hysteresis:磁滞现象ignition coil 点火线圈Ignition system点火系统 imbalance 不平衡，不均衡 imperfect 不合格的 impetus 推动，激励 in terms of 根据

increase or decrease the slip speed of the rotor 增减转子的滑动速率

induction motor 感应式电机 induction 电磁感应

information technologies 信息技术 inherent 固有的initial impetus 最初的发展 Inorganic materials 无机材料 inspect 检查

Instrument servo motor 仪表伺服电机 internal combustion engine 内燃机

internal combustion 内燃机 invoices 发票

irreversible 不可逆转的leading power factor 超前功率因数 load torque负载扭矩Logicf unction 逻辑功能 logistic support 后勤保障 log-normal 对数正态的 low-tension 低压的 Magnetic slip 电磁转差率 maintained 保留 makes up for 弥补 manipulate 操纵 marginal cost 边际成本 medium 中间，媒介

mercury thermometer 水银温度计 Missile flight tracking导弹飞性追踪 moment of inertia 转动惯量 monitoring 监视

motor winding电机绕组：

national codes and standards 国标 negotiate 谈判

nondestructive inspection 无损检测 nondestructive 无损检测

Nonmentallicmaterials非金属材料 operating practice 实际操作 permanent magnet 永磁

permanent split capacitor 固定分相的电容器 permeability 渗透性 places the order 下订单 Poisson distributions 泊松分布 Polar inertia极惯性矩poly-phase AC motors 多相交流电动机 polyphase 多相的 Power factor功率因数

Price-performance ratio 性价比 Principal component 主要部件 proximity sensor 接近传感器 purchase order 订单 quality assurance 质量保证 quality in conformance 产品移植性 raw materials 原材料 Rear wheel drive后轮驱动

regenerative braking 再生制动，反馈制动 regenerative 再生的，反馈的reluctance 磁阻repulsion induction 推斥式感应repulsion start 推斥式启动 reversible 可逆的 Rotational speed转速

rotor magnetic field rotate 转子磁场运动 sampling 采样 scheme 安排

schemes 方案 scrapped 抛弃

semi-finished parts 半成品 sensor fusion 传感器融合Series wound串励shaded pole 屏蔽极式 Sheet metal shell金属板壳 Shunt wound并励 Shut-off关断

signs the agreement 签合同 single phase 单相的 smart sensor 智能传感器 somewhat 稍微，有点

sophistication 复杂性，完善化，采用先进技术spark plug cables 火花塞电缆 spark plug 火花塞 specifications 指标

speed transducer 速度传感器 split phase 分相式 squirrel cage 鼠笼式

Starting system 启动系统statistical 统计的 统计学 统计学的 steering systems 方向系统 steering 转向器 stepper motors 步进电机 strain 应变 sufficient 足够的surface treatment 表面处理surroundings 环境

Suspension system悬挂系统 suspension 悬架

switch 开关，转换器synchronous AC motors 同步交流电动机 synchronous 同时的Tactile sensing 触觉传感技术 technique-based decision 技术决策 tends to 倾向于 tenet 原则

tensile tests 拉伸实验 tensile 可拉长的 tensile 张力，拉力

the induction motor operates near the ferquency of the input source：感应式电动机在接近输入电源频率下运行。The internal combustion engine 内燃机 Tolerance levels公差等级 Torque 扭矩

torque-speed curves 转矩-速度曲线 traceability 可描绘

traditional business 传统商务 transmission systems 传动系统 transmission 变速器 trunk deck 行李箱盖

two-value capacitor start 两价电容器启动

ubiquitous 普遍存在的 ultrasonic 超声的，超声波 universal motor 交直流两用电动机 utilize 利用

variability 可变的 可变性 vehicle 车辆

Visual sensing视觉传感技术 voltage regulator 电压调整器 Weight distribution 质量分配 Winding current绕住电流

with the emergence of digital signal processors and microcontrollers 随着数字信号处理器和控制器的出现 wound rotor induction motor绕线转子电动机 wound rotor 绕线转子