2012年高考英语阅读理解训练：说理议论类

第一篇：2012年高考英语阅读理解训练：说理议论类

2012年高考英语阅读理解训练：说理议论类

(一)(2011·湖北高考)

Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up.” says science writer Matt Ridley.“The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”

Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he's carefully weighed the evidence;optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good.And this is what he's set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist.He views mankind as a grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years.He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.Here's how he explains his views.)Shopping fuels invention

It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone.Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us.This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things.The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.2)Brilliant advances

One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer??lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper.Take one example.In 1800 a candle providing one hour's light cost six hours' work.In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for.In 1950 it was eight seconds.Today it's half second.)Let's not kill ourselves for climate change

Mitigating(减轻)climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil??fuel(化石燃料)electricity is forbidden by well??meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate

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love story change.If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose??bleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带)around our necks.1.What is the theme of Ridley's most recent book?

A.Weakness of human nature.B.Concern about climate change.C.Importance of practical thinking.D.Optimism about human progress.2.How does Ridley look at shopping?

A.It encourages the creation of things.B.It results in shortage of goods.C.It demands more fossil fuels.D.It causes a poverty problem.3.The candle and lamp example is used to show that ________.A.oil lamps give off more light than candles

B.shortening working time brings about a happier life

C.advanced technology helps to produce better candles

D.increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods

4.What does the last sentence of the passage imply?

A.Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.B.Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous.C.People's health is closely related to climate change.D.Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.2 / 8

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答案与解析

1．D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he's carefully weighed the evidence;optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress...” Ridley 自称是一个理性的乐观主义者，所谓理性是因为他仔细权衡证据；所谓乐观是因为这些证据表明人类进步是不可避免的，而且也是十分美好的。这就是他在近期的一本书当中以全新的视角向人们证明的主题。故此处D项正确。

2．A 推理判断题。根据第一个小标题题目“Shopping fuels invention”以及其内容最后一句“The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.”可知，购物刺激发明创造，刺激消费，促进生产，这种情况越多，我们将会越富有。故此处A项正确。

3．D 细节理解题。从第二个标题内容可知，我们生活远比以前富裕，健康，长寿，人也长得高了，也比以前聪明了，其中一个原因是我们人类的四种基本需求——衣，食，住，行比以前便宜了很多。因此以油灯和蜡烛为例进一步阐述，故此处D项正确。

4.B 推理判断题。由文章最后一句可知，如果气候变化证明是轻微的，然而降低二氧化碳会引起麻烦，那么很可能会发现我们用止血带缠绕脖子以此止住鼻血。此处暗指对气候变化的过度反应存在危险。故B项正确。

(二)(2011·四川高考)

In business, there's a speed difference: It's the difference between how important a firm's leaders say speed is to their competitive(竞争的)strategy(策略)and how fast the company actually moves.The difference is important regardless of industry and company size.Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain_an_edge ended up with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were on the right track.What's more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up” improved their top and bottom lines, averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three??year period.How did they disobey the_laws_of_business_physics,_taking more time than competitors yet performing better? They thought differently about what “slower” and “faster” mean.Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operational speed(moving quickly)and strategic speed(reducing the time it takes to deliver value)．Simply increasing

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love story the speed of production, for example, may be one way to try to reduce the speed difference.But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower??quality products and services.In our study, higher??performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary.They became more open to ideas and discussion.They encouraged new ways of thinking.And they allowed time to look back and learn.By contrast(相比而言), performance suffered at firms that moved fast all the time, paid too much attention to improving efficiency, stuck to tested methods, didn't develop team spirit among their employees, and had little time thinking about changes.Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership.Teams that regularly take time to get things right, rather than plough ahead full bore, are more successful in meeting their business goals.That kind of strategy must come from the top.1．What does the underlined part “gain an edge” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Increase the speed.B．Get an advantage.C．Reach the limit.D．Set a goal.2．The underlined part “the laws of business physics” in Paragraph 3 means ________.A．spending more time and performing worse

B．spending more time and performing better

C．spending less time and performing worse

D．spending less time and performing better

3．What can we learn from the text?

A．How fast a firm moves depends on how big it is.B．How competitive a firm is depends on what it produces.4 / 8

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C．Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes.D．Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.4．Which could be the best title for the text?

A．Improve quality? Serve better.B．Deliver value? Plough ahead.C．Reduce time? Move faster.D．Need speed? Slow down.答案与解析

1.B 词义猜测题。许多公司都想选择提速来获取优势，而不是达到极限或设定目标，故get an advantage正确。

2.D 细节理解题。由文中第三段第一句和第二句的含义：他们怎样违反商业物理规则，比做得更好的竞争对手花了更多的时间？他们不同地看待更慢和更快的意思。可知商业物理规则应是用更少的时间做得更好。故选D项。

3.C 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了strategic speed的重要性，且在文中第四段第一句也说明了这一点：运用策略速度的公司往往在必要时作出改变。故选C项。

4．D 主旨大意题。文章围绕speed 展开，且区分了operational speed 与 strategic speed，强调了后者的重要性，故D项正确。

(三)(2011·重庆高考)

Skeptics are a strange lot.Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them.Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment.The “eco??guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity.That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it

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love story measures the “real state of the world” as fine.Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests.Indeed, Mr.Lomborg's views are similar to those of some industry??funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.So it was strange to see Mr.Lomborg's book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions.One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”

Such one??sided views should have immediately been challenged.But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership.The review remarked that Mr.Lomborg's “preference for unexamined materials is incredible(不可信的)”．

A critical(批判的)eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions.Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests.People might become half??blind before a world partially exhibited by the media.That's a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.1．According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics” ?

A．People who agree on the popularity of “eco??guilt”．

B．People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.C．People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.D．People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.2．Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg's book?

A．Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.B．The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.6 / 8

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C．The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.D．Industry??funded media present confusing information.3．The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to

________.A．voice a different opinion

B．find fault with Lomborg's book

C．challenge the authority of the media

D．point out the value of scientific views

4．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?

A．To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.B．To warn the public of the danger of half??blindness with reviews.C．To blame the media's lack of responsibility in presenting information.D．To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.答案与解析

1.B 细节理解题。从第一段第三句“他们中的一些不承认人类活动对环境造成的严重危害”可知B项正确。

2.A 细节理解题。从第二段第一句“那或许能解释这本书为什么这么受欢迎”及第三句“另一种解释是一些特别的利益”可知A项正确。

3.A 主旨大意题。前文提到很多人对有关环境问题不好的消息质疑，文章倒数第二段提到这种片面的观点应该立刻受到挑战，然而在Nature上仅仅出现了为数不多的评论，故作者在此处提到the review in Nature是为了发表不同的观点。故选A项。

4.D 推理判断题。本文是观点类议论文，开头部分提出了一种反面的观点，然后对此提出批判，最后点明了本文的中心——媒体应该展现一些能让公

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love story 众作出明智决定的信息。这也是作者的目的所在。故选D项。

资料分享：湖南现代物流职业技术学校 物信系 电子商务学生：琳子 http://wxx.56edu.com/

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第二篇：高考英语作文经典句型-议论类

高考英语作文经典句型 Part 1 议论类
1.There is a widespread concern over the issue that more and more students take mobile phones into school.2.It is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.3.In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude.4.So it goes without saying that it is not a good idea for the students to use mobile phones on campus.5.People, 6.There however, is no differ in their opinions on this matter.

doubt that it will do a lot of harm to the students.firmly support the view that the students

7.As far as I am concerned, I

should not use mobile phones on campus.8.Generally speaking, it is widely believed that there are several positive aspects as follows: 9.This case is no exception.10.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of mobile phones into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.11.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.12.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.13.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is to ask parents to keep an eye on the students.14.A case in point is that one of the students was too addicted to mobile phones to finish his homework.15.The more we are aware of the significance to prevent the students using mobile phones on campus, the more benefits we will get.
1

第三篇：高考议论类作文应试流程

高考议论类作文应试流程

一、开头

交代由头，亮明观点。

任何文章都是有感而发，考场作文也不例外。

考场作文的潜在读者是考生观点的假想者，而显在读者就是阅卷教师，从开头，阅卷教师就会以能否交代由头、心中有否读者而判断出考生的作文思维水平之高低。例如：

“孝敬假”太荒唐

据报载，从7月1日起，重庆市忠县双桂镇规定：每逢父母、岳父母生日，党政干部必须强制性休假一天，专门回家孝敬父母、岳父母。为保证该政策的实施，该镇将干部们父母、岳父岳母的生日登记在册，由专人负责。

在笔者看来，这样的做法实在荒唐。官员为父母以及岳父母过生日属于私生活的范围，过与不过，过得好与不好，应由社会风俗来调节，公权没必要进行干涉。过度的干涉只能混淆公权与私权的界限。

而且，这么做还有可能加剧腐败。按照时下的潜规则，领导的父母乃至岳父母过生日，下属是不太可能视而不见的。如果不公开，不为人知，下属还没有去“孝敬”的压力，但如果是登记在册，且用领导休假的方式“公示”出来，那很有可能出现下属们不得不纷纷登门祝寿的场面，从而演化成领导肥私的机会。

《中国青年报》2005．7．22孙立忠文

在上面那篇文章里，作者的观点是：在笔者看来，这样的做法实在荒唐。他观点的形成大抵是遵循这样的因果分析的思维轨迹：

孝敬假（事实、现象、结果）→荒唐（作者观点）→过生日属于私生活的范围，公权没必要进行干涉（原因一）→按照时下的潜规则，还有可能加剧腐败（原因二）

很明显，作者的观点之所以能被我们接受，除去他有明确的“目标意识”之外，更重要的，他采用的因果分析为哲学思维，为科学性思维才是根本原因。

所谓因果立论，就是通过对论题中有关各种因素之间的因果关系作深入细致的分析，由因求果或由果溯因，从而正确地对客观事物作出评断，确立观点。

由因求果，后果预料的准确、深刻，能够使人正视前因条件；由果求因，原因找得准确，使人加深对事物的认识，把握事物运动、变化的本质，由此一境而入另一境。

我们知道，运用因果思维进行写作立意主要是通过对事物和生活的本质、规律的认识来确立文章的主题、文旨。

那麽什麽是本质、规律？所谓本质、规律，主要就是事物与事物之间存在的一种稳定的必然的因果关系。因果关系具有必然性，当一种因的现象发生之后，必然要产生相应的果，这样，因果之间就产生了重复性、规律性的现象。因此，因果关系是一种规律性关系。而在这个规律性关系中，果是现象，因是导致果产生的本源，因此，因便是果的本质。

探索事物这个已然现象的本质，就是对其先在性或背景性的因的追问、思索。同样，这也是对事物运动内在机制规律的探索。

再如：

娱乐主持人，不嗲行吗

看电视越来越累了。10个主持人起码就有9个发嗲，而且嗲得厉害，让人头晕。日益低下去的领口和大片的酥胸似乎难以抓住日益挑剔的看客，再把一头黑黄搀杂的头发扎成两 1 个“檐牙高啄”的羊角辫，高跟鞋穿起来在台上一阵乱“崴”，冷不丁地话筒对着观众，口里大声喊：“耶——”，底下的男女看客们也跟着起哄，这就是他们精心制造需要达到的效果。

其实，港台主持人是极力向正宗普通话靠拢才形成了他们夹生的普通话，一些内地主持人在语言上本来具有地域优势，却偏要向港台夹生普通话看齐，这种作秀，令人生厌。

《中国文化报》8．10王涛文

在《娱乐主持人，不嗲行吗》一文中，作者的观点同样是采用因果分析的方法来形成他的观点的。

他的观点是：娱乐主持人，不嗲行吗。其观点形成的思维轨迹是：

主持人发嗲成风（果）→向港台夹生普通话看齐，是作秀（因）→令人生厌，呼吁“娱乐主持人，不嗲行吗”（观点）

二、主体结构 1.分角度

把观点可以按照时间（过去、现在、未来）、空间（自我、家庭、社会、国家、国际、宇宙）、逻辑（产生的原因、导致的结果、造成的危害、解决的办法）等角度来对观点进行分解剖析。2.举事例

剖析事物必然涉及事例，事例是个别的，而从个别中看出一般，此个别就是典型的个别，而那个一般也就具有了认识价值，因为它可以指导下一个一般。3.事例分类 典型实例：

时间、地点、人物、事件确凿的而又有启发、认识意义的事例就是典型实例。所谓古今中外发生的典型实例浩如烟海，不胜枚举。我们主张，想例子应该先今而后古，因为知古是为了鉴今。例如：

舌头上有牛

说话，表达思想，是公民的神圣权利，是所有自由中，最重要的自由之一。所以，“封嘴”乃最严酷的精神压迫。

中国的专制君王怕老百姓说话，取消话语权利的方法，比较简捷便当，就是明令禁止说话。周厉王时，国人谤王，厉王下令“杀之”，于是“国人莫敢言，道路以目”。其后，还有文字狱都是“封嘴”绝招。直观其效果。往往立竿见影。只是后果不好。常常是封人嘴者最后也被“封嘴”。

来俊臣审案，不准辩护，审大将军内侍范云仙时，因不服，就将舌头割下，这是最有效的“封嘴”法，自那以后，没有人敢在来俊臣面前申诉。当然来俊臣自己也最后被“封嘴”，脑袋也被砍掉。

西方就有更绝的一招，读古希腊历史，得知另一种“封嘴”法。那时有大批演说家出现，当然，他们都是举着真理和正义的旗帜。要想让演说家不说话，就给他送钱，兜里装得鼓鼓的，那演说家只好跪拜在银币之前，缄口不语。所以，他们所说的“牛”，指的是埃及银币，当时流通的埃及银币上，铸有埃及的圣牛像。所谓“舌头上有牛”，其实就是拿钱“封嘴”。

21世纪的人，毕竟比祖先聪明，少有采取明令“封嘴”法者，大多使用“舌头上有牛”的“封嘴”法。花钱买来你的话语权，禁止你再发声。这一招灵验，用途广且多有显效。现代“封嘴”者，多采用此法。

不过，“封嘴”是双方的默契，共同完成的二笔交易。弄得不好，效果可能相反。拿到 2 “封嘴”费，未必真“封嘴”。我们身边的例子，就是被揭开的河南矿难曝出的“封嘴”丑闻。河南汝州市一煤矿，突发透水事故，井下作业多名工人逃生，但还有人员伤亡。当地要隐瞒此事，矿难消息却被知情人透露给多家媒体，得知这一信息的“记者”纷纷来到汝州市，大宾馆、饭店住满百家媒体“记者”，当地只好采用金钱“封嘴”法。于是，我们便看到大批“记者”排队“领工资”的场面。其标准为中央级媒体，每人500-1000元；省内各大媒体，每人200—500元；其他市级媒体200元；跨行业、跨地区媒体每人100元。20张稿纸上，满满写上100多家480个记者的名字，领走20万元“工资”。据说，真记者不到1／3，明知道是假记者，还要给钱，这是因为“假记者和真记者相互有牵连，他可能发不了稿子，但他可以找到真记者发稿件，这是最让人头痛的一件事”，他们“得罪不起”。可见“封嘴”也不容易。这算是一次“封嘴”大动作，却不幸被8月19日《河南商报》曝光，这又算“封嘴”大败笔。

想“封嘴”，反而暴露出“封嘴”的丑陋。“舌头上有牛”一招，也有失灵的时候。真值得深长思之。

(《今晚报·副刊·肝胆篇》10．24 江南尘文)概括事例

就是针对生活中、人群里的某种共有现象进行概括描述的内容，因其不涉及某一具体的人物，所以称之为概括事例。

例如：

日本人将排队“加塞儿”视为“抢劫”

日本有一种排队现象，就像公务员和公司职员有先辈和年轻人之分，公共场所排队更是普遍现象；每个人都会自觉地排队。

在地铁站，即使每个车门前只有几个人，但新来的人一定会默默地站在后面；如果大家站得不整齐，日本人会问哪儿是队尾，然后排在后面。日本人排队是真正地排队，中途不许离开。这是一种不成文的规定，既然是排队就不能投机取巧，大家浪费的时间和付出的辛苦都一样，这样每个人才心安理得。如果排队时又开了一个新窗口，日本人会疯狂地跑过去，争先恐后，但排好位置以后，大家又按秩序来。

日本人最讨厌“加塞儿”，在他们看来“加塞儿”是一种损人利己的表现，自己为了节省时间抢在前面，等于耽误了别人的时间；在销售物品数量有限的情况下，“加塞儿”的人多了，后面的人就有可能买不到，“加塞儿”等于变相抢劫。对有意“加塞儿”者，日本人大都露出讨厌的表情，对“加塞儿”者侧目而视，更多的时候则是群起而攻之，让“加塞儿”者感到无地自容。

(《新华每日电讯》10．9 何德功文)虚拟事例

凡是童话、寓言、小说、电影、戏剧、动漫等人为想象虚构出来的作品而又在现实世界里产生影响的，就是虚拟事例。

例如： 若说：何以对付敌人的庞大机构呢？那就有孙行者对付铁扇公主为例。铁扇公主虽然是

⑶一个厉害的妖精，孙行者却化为一个小虫钻进铁扇公主的心脏里去把她战败了。柳宗元曾

⑷经描写过的“黔驴之技”，也是一个很好的教训。一个庞然大物的驴子跑进贵州去了，贵州的小老虎见了很有些害怕。但到后来，大驴子还是被小老虎吃掉了。我们八路军新四军是孙行者和小老虎，是很有办法对付这个日本妖精或日本驴子的。目前我们须得变一变，把我们的身体变得小些，但是变得更加扎实些，我们就会变成无敌的了。

毛泽东：《一个极其重要的政策》，1942年9月7日。

4.事例要叙议结合 叙述事例要概括，要交代事例的前因后果，这样，才能为后面的议论，透过现象看本质，从一般到个别，做好铺垫。

议论要针对事例的因或果深入剖析，所谓深入，就是讲明何因、何危（果），以使读者能既见树木，也见森林。

例如：

请给贫困生平视的目光

新学期伊始，甘肃省榆中县一些小学的同学领到的是黑白教材，而少数贫困同学却免费领到了漂亮的彩色课本。而西固区的小学截然相反，大部分学生使用彩色教材，贫困生使用免费的黑白课本。贫困生教材背面都注有“免费教材”字样。

用教材的色彩明显区分开了孩子的经济背景和身份，在无差别的义务教育中贴上了有差别的“标签”。无论“高度重视”还是“等级视之”，都会形成一个同样的局面，即把贫困生从群体中突出出来。这种突出，往往忽视了贫困孩子的自尊心。

孩子的心灵是一张白纸，天真无邪。无论贫困与否，都渴望与同伴平等、自由、欢快地共处。关心他们，就不要在那张白纸上留下成人贫富意识的影子；尊重他们，就不要人为设置贫困孩子与伙伴之间的“界限”。扶助贫困的孩子，请给他们一个平视的目光吧。

(《科技日报》2005．9．6 燕农文)在上面这篇文章里，作者看到了新学期伊始甘肃省榆中县一些小学里贫困生的课本与其他同学的课本有明显的标记差异，触发感想，形成观点：请给贫困生平视的眼光。

如果我们从文章里推求作者“形成观点”的思维运动过程，大抵如下：

贫困生课本差异标记（触媒）→小学同学处于义务教育阶段，应该享有无差别的受教育权利（因一）→天真无邪的小学生渴望平等的权利应该受到尊重，而不要受到成人世界的贫富意识污染（因二）→请救助贫困生的行为者给贫困生平视的眼光。（形成观点，发出呼吁）

很明显，作者燕农在写作《请给贫困生平视的眼光》一文时，就是按照“腹稿”的内在思维运行过程再用语言把它复原出来而形成了一篇微型论说文。

5.要学会正反对举事例

正反对举事例就是要我们学会辩证地、更为全面的分析事物，这样，我们的观点才会更具有说服力，才能让读者信服。

例如：

学者应有两件“专用武器”

近日，有人问我：学者应具备什么样的特殊素质?这个问题首先使我想起了许多年前我看到的俄国普列汉诺夫的一句话：“学者之所以成为学者，是他能够做到旁征博引。”普列汉诺夫认为，学者必须是一个知识渊博和勤于收集材料的人，学者不但要求“言必有据”，而且要求自己提出来的论点必须经过充分的论证。

在欣赏这句话的同时，我想加上另外一句：“学者之所以成为学者，是他能够做到咬文嚼字”，这就是说学者必须概念清楚，这样才具有严格的逻辑力量，成为在论争中雄辩的人。因此我经常说，学者应该养成咬文嚼字的习惯，把概念名词抠清楚。“咬文嚼字”过去常被作为贬义词来使用，我在这里把它作为褒义词使用了。学者中惯于使用不清晰不准确的概念的人不少，许多混乱就是由此产生。我认为“旁征博引”和“咬文嚼字”这两件学者的专用武器，一件也不能丢。

(《北京日报》2005．9．12于光远文)6.举例方式 可以是排比式，可以是单一具体式，可以是正反对举式，不一而足。

三、结尾

必须呼应开头，交代写作目的。

所谓交代写作目的，就是在文章结尾明确地点出文章的观点是针对那些读者群提出的，是为了告诫，还是为了共勉，这样，文章的主体性就增强了。

例如：

尊重时间

沈从文年轻时曾有位朋友，长相非凡，若汉高祖般“隆鼻而龙颜”也!故其友常夸口曰：“不要小看我，我不像你们那么无出息，我要做个伟人。说大话不算数，你们等着瞧吧，看相的王半仙夸奖我这条鼻子是一条龙……”后来，这位朋友又与沈从文相逢，对鼻子的信仰早已荡然无存，“6年来，除了举起烟枪对准火口，小楷字也不写一张了。”

于是，沈从文写道：“我不看重鼻子，不相信命运，不承认目前形势，却尊重时间。我不大在乎生活上的得失，却了然时间对这个世界同我个人的严重意义。我愿意好好地结结实实地来做一个人，可说不出来我要做个什么样的人。”

正是凭着尊重时间，耐得寂寞的这分执著，沈从文这位不过小学学历的年轻人就这样用心灵来感应着外面的世界，用心灵与外面的世界交谈，时间如同小溪，在凝重、迟缓、汩汩声屏息可闻中逐渐逝去，但却把他举到一个峰巅，使他成为20世纪30年代名动当时的大作家；才使他在遭到“历史的误会”，自己所有的文字都被长期封杀之时，能够超然地去做一分自己原来并不熟悉的文物研究工作，却由此而成为出类拔萃的专家；时间最终还是肯定了他，使他又回到了他在中国文学史上所应有的位置……

生命的步履，有时就是这样简单得出奇；生命的辉煌，就是这样，必须在“时间”和“寂寞”中“淬火”，然后才能进发出灼灼异彩。(《齐鲁晚报》9．13 林少汀文)再如：

学术论著引用应有度

我在“学术批评网”点击了一篇题为《英语学术界的若干论著体例及其启示》论文，全文几千字，竟然参考了34个“文献”。一篇论文，学术引用少则几条，多则几十处，这在学术界司空见惯，学者们都习以为常了。而且，现在的“参考文献”似乎有越来越长的趋势。

我以为，学术著作转引、注释，是学者著述过程中应当遵循的基本常识，既表明一方面体现出对他人成果的尊重，另一方面也便于读者在阅读中体会文章含义。富有严谨的治学精神的学人总是非常注意引文的出处。但是，学术引用应有度，不能不加节制地引用下去。如果—篇论文参考文献太多，那么作者的学术创新精神无论如何是大打折扣的。试想，短短几千字的文章，光是引用的参考书就有好几本甚至几十本，如此这般还有多少内容是属于你自己的呢。难怪现在有的人说论文很好写，原来窍门是找来一捆内容相关的书，每本书里摘那么一段，然后串起来就能凑成一篇宏论。

我们不妨找一篇参考文献严重比例失调的论文，把里面参考的部分抽掉，看看还剩几句话是作者本人的。

(《中华读书报》2005．9．14 孙建清文)

第四篇：2013年高考英语阅读理解专题训练答案

2013年高考英语阅读理解专题训练

第一套

（一）56—59ACDB 60—63 BDCC 64—66 DBA

67—70 BBAC

71—75 DEFAC

第二套

A 【答案及解析】 56.C。Basic Math包括哪些方面，第二段中The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic.57.C。第4段中，They will be able to clear away the mystery of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined.58.B。第五段中，he is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious.59.D。最后一段中，If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer.Or you can get your money back.B 【答案及解析】 60.B B.ridiculous 可笑的。第一段中only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.61.A 第二段中 Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before.62.D I lowed down the paper and sat down at my desk,我不知道发生了什么，所以在我发言后，希望知道为什么大家如此反应的原因，即eager to find out what I had done wrong.63.B 第四段中Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.C 【答案及解析】 64.A 第一段中，acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative consequences of a decision,可知压力下的人们经常会keep rewards better in their memory.65.A 第二段中，The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.66.D 第七段中，Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way.可以看出是男性在压力下更容易冒险。

D 【答案及解析】 67.B 第二段中，The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation brings to such landscapes is real.68.C He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, but that is not a reason to avoid all human presence.69.A This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason„„deserves much more serious thinking.70.D 总分总的结构类型

第三套

A 【答案及解析】 56.D。综合判断题。全文主要介绍了Robert Todd Duncan的经历.1． B.细节判断题。根据第二段的Teaching at Howard gave Duncan the chance to share his knowledge of classical European music with a mainly black student population判断。

2． D.细节判断题。根据Todd Duncan gained fame as an opera singer and concert artist.But his

greatest love判断。

3． C.细节判断题。根据Duncan had almost decided not to try for the part as he knew it would not be easy to get it判断。

D.细节推理题。根据文章的第一、二段推断。

B 【答案及解析】

4． A.细节判断题。根据文章的第一段中In addition to baby Nargis in India, Bangladesh, the Philippines and Cambodia have all identified seven billionth babies判断。5． A.细节判断题。根据第二段的第二句话判断。

6． C.细节判断题。根据第三段的前两句话判断。

7． B.细节判断题。根据该词后的那句话判断。D.细节判断题。根据文章的最后一句话判断。

C 【答案与解析】

8． D.细节判断题。根据第一段中的Both the vegetables and the tree gave the place a wonderful appearance进行判断。

9． C.判断推理题。树和蔬菜参与了挣水的竞争。attend the contest参加比赛。10．C.细节判断题。是小胡瓜的改变吸引了gardener的注意。

11．A.细节判断题。根据Neither of them thought that the gardener, on seeing his vegetable field becoming worse, would stop watering it判断。

12．D.根据文章最后一段的So they decided to work together, and help each other instead of fighting判断。

D 【答案及解析】

13． B.细节判断题。根据第三段的this is the life that God has intended for her to live;that her luck can only change if God will判断。

14． D.细节推理题。passive消极的；positive积极的；satisfying令人满意的；colourful多彩的。

15． B.概括判断题。选项A的含义是：你暂时的困难不是令人沮丧的；选项B的含义是：你的命运能够通过的努力而改变；选项C含义为：当上帝让你获得成功的时候你才会成功；选项D的含义是：你应该用对待朋友的方式对待你自己。16． A.细节判断题。第五段中强调的就是要采取积极的行动。

D.综合判断题。根据文章的第一段和最后一段都是在强调改变你的生活方式。

第四套

A 【答案与解析】56．C。推理判断题。尽管老妇人捡到的锅里的东西不断地改变，直至变成山羊溜走，但她总是非常知足，即知足常乐(Content is better than riches)。A项意为：天下没有不散的筵席；B项意为：早起的鸟有虫吃；D项意为：乌云终将过去。

57．D。词义理解题。老妇人捡到一口锅，不管锅里的东西怎样变化，每次她都很乐观，并且文中多次出现lucky一词，说明老妇人知足常乐，在她眼里，the Hedley Kow代表幸运，故选D项。58．A。推理判断题。尽管老妇人捡到的锅里的东西一再改变，但她总是非常知足，保持乐观情绪。

B 【答案及解析】 59．D。推理判断题。根据文章第二段并结合第一段的内容可推知，grammarphobes是指害怕犯语法错误的人。

60．C。词义猜测题。根据第六段第三句话的“put your words together”可知，C项正确。

61．A。细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句话可知，交流和打牌同样都需要规则。rule和standard意义相近，即做某事的标准或规则。

62．B。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文的中心内容是告诉大家，语法并不可怕。因此B项正确。

C 【答案及解析】 63．A。旨大意题。依据第一段“This brochure has been designed to give you an overview of our Language School and the courses we offer.”可知本文主要介绍该校开设的英语课程。

64．D。细节理解题。依据Exam Courses部分的“Studying one of the above courses will enable you to continue your education or enter university in this country.”可知答案为D项。66．A。细节理解题。依据Exam Courses部分中括号内的Students wishing to gain admission to a British university are normally required to have the Cambridge Proficiency Certificate和Speaking, Listening & Pronunciation中的meet the needs of students of different nationalities推断，这所语言学校的招生对象不仅仅是英国人，故A项错误。

D 【答案及解析】 67．A。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句的后半部分“is intended to build up a global sense of brotherhood and friendship through laughter”可知A项正确。

68．D。细节理解题。由第二段的第一、二两句内容可知，第一次印度以外的世界大笑节日是在印度孟买的聚会过了两年后的1月9日举行的，由第一段的倒数第三句可知，印度孟买的那次聚会是在1998年举行的，故答案为D项。

69．A。者态度判断题。从最后两段作者对大笑的益处的介绍可以判断出作者对此活动的态度是积极肯定的。positive“积极的，肯定的”；negative“消极的，否定的”；uninterested“不感兴趣的，冷淡的”；objective“客观的”。

70．A。主旨大意题。文章前两段介绍了“世界大笑日”这个节日的来历，后两段介绍了此节日的重要性，所以只有A项能概括全文的大意。

第五套

A 【答案及解析】 56．C。正误判断题。A项错是因为被大象踩死的那个人是印度人；B项错是因为作者根本不了解大象；D项错在作者根本不是大象的主人。从第一段和第二段知，作者是奉命带上枪去制止那头捣乱的大象的，应该是警察，故C项正确，即他不是村民。

57．B。推理判断题。从第三段知那头驯养的大象跑了出来，造成了不少麻烦。文章中没有提到A、C项，故只是那头大象失去了控制。

58．A。指代题。从画线词the peacebreaker前后可知，它就是那头捣乱的大象。

59．B。推理判断题。从最后一段描述的作者开枪前的犹豫及对大象死前挣扎的描述可知作者是很悲伤的。

B 【答案及解析】 60．B。推理判断题。从第一段第二句所举的例子：政治家在选举中获胜和销售员推销产品来看，普通人之所以熟悉公众演讲是因为他们是公众演讲的听众。

61．C。细节判断题。第二段提到了公众演讲的目的，如试图让人们接受新观点、逗乐观众、说服人们接受自己的看法和采取某些行动，但没有涉及讲话人从自己的演讲中得到满足这一点。

62．D。细节判断题。由最后一句“不管演讲稿是如何准备的，发表演说的人会因为讲话对听众产生的影响而得到赞扬”可推断出，听众相信讲话表达的是说话人的观点。

C 【答案及解析】 63．A。推理判断题。由第一段中的“you can visit our website which is printed on the cover”可知本篇文章很可能选自杂志。

64．B。推理判断题。由Attendance中的“Please contact the office at 480.472.5282 if your child is going to be absent”可知，本文是写给家长的。

65． B。细节理解题。由倒数第四段最后一句话“Each student tests independently—reading the quiz questions himself/ herself”可知B项正确。

66．B。细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“A student may test on a book only once”可知，每本书学生只有一次测试的机会。A项文章没有提及；C项与文中信息相反；由最后一段中的monthly可知D项错误。

D 【答案及解析】 67．C。事实细节题。从文中第二段可知Bleeding都有提到，而C项在文中没有提及。

Infection, High blood pressure和68．B。词义猜测题。根据画线词后的for the present这个短语以及第六段第一句可推测出画线单词的意思是“临时的”。

69．A。推理判断题。文章通过分析孕产期妇女死亡的原因以及避免死亡的措施来向人们说明，这个问题是可以解决或预防的。

70．C。推理判断题。作者在文中分析了原因，找出了解决的办法，同时指出了解决问题的道路还很漫长，由此可知作者的态度应该是客观的，故选C项。

第六套

A 【答案及解析】 56．C。推理判断题。从第一段中的确。

57．C。推理判断题。从文章第二段中的to comfort him and keep up his spirits和第三段中的seldom shouted at others我们不难推断出，老人之前的脾气不好。A项和B项(第二段中)以及D项(第五段最后)在文中都有陈述，不用推断。所以答案选C项。

58．D。细节理解题。从文章最后一段第一句可知，老人死去时，女孩不在场，所以答案选D项。其他选项都不符合文章内容。

59．B。推理判断题。从全文最后一段可知，老人在人生最后的日子里为能够帮助一个急需帮助的女孩而感到由衷地高兴，这真正改善了他的精神状态。所以答案选B项。

which meant visiting and...with days numbered可以知道，这个志愿活动主要是照顾那些患有不治之症、时日不多的病人，由此推断C项正B 【答案及解析】 60．C。事实细节题。从文章第一段知，Adam Smith是第一个发现劳动力分工重

要性的人，故答案选C项。

61．B。逻辑推理题。从第二和第三段尤其从第三段的第二句可知，Adam Smith发现劳动力分工能有效提高生产效率，所以选B项。

62．C。逻辑推理题。从全文第三段知，Adam Smith提到了4800，说每个工人一天可以生产4800个大头针，主要用来说明劳动力分工的优势所在，即劳动分工可以有效提高工作效率，故选C项。63．C。逻辑推理题。从文章最后一段中的but he also took it for granted that...以及最后一句可推知，答案为C项。

C 【答案及解析】 64．C。细节理解题。三则广告在Who are qualified栏里谈到的招聘对象都是大学生，且三则广告的source栏中都是网址，可知消息来自因特网，故选C项。

65．C。细节理解题。由第二则广告中的“Who are qualified: College students graduating in 2009”可知答案为C项。

66．A。细节理解题。从第三则广告中的“For assistant to the director positions, candidates should be adept in document writing, activities organizing and office software.”可知A项符合题意。

D 【答案及解析】 67．A。细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，当时存在种族隔离制度，肤色不同要上不同的学校。此外白人孩子还要根据性别上不同的学校，由此可知A项正确。

68．A。细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段倒数第二句可知，人们接到Tom的信息后非常高兴，很乐意参加重逢聚会。

69．C。推理判断题。根据文章第三段判断，Tom事业非常成功，生活发生了巨大变化，但还是想寻根。第三段最后一句中“but he still felt the desire to reconnect with his roots”说明他并不是生活发生巨大的改变后才这样想的。他儿子的话促使他采取了行动，所以排除B、D两项。A项文中未提及。

70．C。主旨大意题。综合全文分析，本文不是人物介绍，也不是控诉当年的种族隔离，而是讲述半个世纪后人们的一次不同寻常的重逢。

第七套

A 【答案及解析】56．C。写作意图题。从最后三段的排比句可知，命运掌握在自己手中，你只有改变自己才能改变命运，所以这里答案选C项。

57．D。事实细节题。从第四段和第五段内容可知，人们看到了棺材中的镜子，还有旁边的一个标注：只有你自己限制了自己的成长。这真实地反映了人们的情况，所以答案选D项。

58．A。逻辑推理题。从文章内容可推出，这次活动很可能是公司老板有意为员工设计的，主要目的在于告诉员工，真正阻碍自己成长和发展的不是别人，而是自己。所以前门上的字很可能是老板写的，而不是其他人。所以答案选A项。

59．B。逻辑推理题。文章告诉我们一个道理：真正阻碍你发展的恰恰是你自己。这一课将会让员

工铭记在心，大大地影响他们。所以答案选B项。

B 【答案及解析】 60．C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的We cannot achieve anything with an easy life.可判断C项是作者的观点。

61．D。推理判断题。选项A的含义为“失败乃成功之母”；选项B的含义为“吃一堑，长一智”；选项C的含义为“不入虎穴，焉得虎子”；选项D的含义为“世上无难事，只要肯登攀”。D项含义与所引用的话(倒数第三段)含义相符。

62.B。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity可作出推断。

63.A。主旨大意题。本文围绕面对逆境我们应持乐观的态度这一话题而展开，所以选项A“笑对逆境”适合作本文标题。

C 【答案及解析】 64．B。写作意图题。从第一段可知，这是某杂志的征稿启事，鼓励读者写东西投给杂志社，所以选B项。

65．C。义理解题。从第三段的inspiring acts...something someone did that made your day different or changed your life可知，Karma这里表示“运气”，所以答案选C项。

66．A。正误判断题。从文章第一段和黑色小标题知，征集的都是感人故事、奇闻轶事、幽默笑话等，属于娱乐范围，A项正确；字数和稿费并不成正比，排除B项；征集的稿子包括奇闻轶事、幽默笑话，说明它们很受欢迎，排除C项；从第四段的倒数第二和第三句可排除D项。

67．D。逻辑推理题。文章多次在段落(如第二、三、四段及最后一段)最后用到click(鼠标点击)一词，倒数第二段有on this website一词，由此可知这是一篇网络征稿启事，所以选D项。

D 【答案及解析】68．D.猜测词义题。根据the richer people use oil and gas可以排除A选项。第一段中介绍发展中国家的人们使用wood, crop waste, animal waste or coal, 而biomass所在的句子为People having less money use wood or biomass for cooking, 故可排除B选项，煤炭也是需要花钱的，因此最便宜的燃料除了木头就是crop waste, animal waste。

69．A，章结构题。由第一段最后一句But they are also a major cause of health problems and death可知这些燃料会产生很多健康问题甚至造成死亡，而题干中的句子是以具体举例来说明这些燃料的危害的，所以答案选A项。

70．B。推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容可知，该研究中心设计的炉子应该具有价格优廉、效率高、低碳、清洁的特点。

第八套

A 【答案及解析】56．C。推理判断题。从第一段中的Everything about the school seemed so difficult.和第二段中的The school seemed like a puzzle...等可以知道，作者在高中第一天担心与紧张的原因是他还不熟悉新的高中生活，不了解新学校，所以答案选C项。

57．D。推理判断题。从第二段中的．..was constantly lost.The school seemed like a puzzle

that I couldn't figure out可知，作者第一天上学每节课都迟到，对他而言，学校像是一个迷宫，他不知道如何走，所以答案选D项“作者不知道如何找到上课的教室的正确道路”。

58．B。事实细节题。从文章第三段的内容可知，作者通过一个星期的适应后，他已经习惯了在新高中学校的学习和生活，故选B项。

59．C。逻辑推理题。文章最后一段告诉我们“最重要的是，要做回你自己，而不要假装，掩饰自己，只有做回自己才能真正享受到高中生活的快乐”，由此可知，作者成功的秘诀在于做回他自己。

B 【答案及解析】 60．B。推理判断题。根据整篇文章的内容尤其是第二段的内容可以推断出，作者引用这个故事的目的是提醒大家个人信用报告的重要性。

61．C。细节理解题。根据第五、六段的内容可以找到答案。

62．D。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的内容可以获悉：个人信用报告数据是由中国人民银行负责管理的。故D项正确。

63．A。主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的内容可以确定本文讲述的是个人信用的重要性。

C 【答案及解析】 64．C。推理判断题。依据Ten Thousand Villages 226 Harvard Street, Brookline, Massachusetts(Coolidge Corner)推断Ten Thousand Villages是商店，下文的GoodShop是商店对应的网站。

65．D。词义猜测题。结合语境可知，这里表示到商家的网站下载广告并告诉朋友来购物。66．B。推理判断题。依据广告实体店中内容可知该项活动仅限12月4日下午3点—7点，所以A、C项都扩大了范围，而在该商家的网站购物款中此项活动没有时间限制，故B项正确。

67．A。细节理解题。依据最后一段，错过12月4日活动当天的话，购物者还可以登录网站购物，消费额的30%会被捐给Primary Source，网站留70%，因此A选项与原文意思一致。

D 【答案及解析】 68．A。细节理解题。从第一段第二句“我的任务就是：管理账单、陪孩子玩、洗衣、烧饭、与人商量合伙用车接送孩子上学、做甜点和带孩子们去郊游”可知A项正确。

69．B。由倒数第二段可知，跟医生预约是母亲(作者)的职责，因此B项当选。

70．C。主旨大意题。文章开头就说父亲的职责是独特的，再结合下文可知父亲的职责母亲是代替不了的，文章最后一段再次点明了中心。故选C项。

第九套

A 【答案及解析】本文讲9个士兵为自己没有按时返回军营找借口开脱的故事。

1.C。细节判断题。根据第1段第2句和第3句 It was far from the towns and cities and there were some high mountains around.Of course it was a good place for training the new soldiers 可知答案为 C。

2.A。细节推断题。根据第2段第3句 He knew the young men well and let nine soldiers go to the nearest town to have a holiday 可知答案为 A。

3.B。细节推断题。根据 „Mr.Hunt decided to go to the town and see what was happening with the young men 可知答案为 B。

4.D。细节判断题。根据 It seemed they were all drunk 可知答案为 D。

5.C。细节推断题。那9个士兵在为自己的晚归找借口，他们是在说谎，因此应该选择C。

B 【答案与解析】这是一篇关于一对夫妇如何遇到海难，然后在海上的救生艇上生活了66天后获救的小故事。

6.C。细节判断题。在第二自然段的第1句就告诉我们they left Panama, Simony, they met some whales 说他们是在Simony 旅游时遇见Whales.7.B。细节判断题。我们从第二自然段得知They started to hit the side of the boat,也就是说是the whales broke the side of the boat。

8.D。细节推断题。在他们的船沉没之后，the couple是一直待在船上直至获救的，而不是一直都在jumped into the life-raft。

9.B。细节推理题。根据第3段的第2句They also had a fishing-line and a machine to make salt water into drinking water-two things which saved their lives可知：a fishing-line 和 a machine救了他们的命。

10.D。综合判断题。由最后一段After fifty days at sea...我们知道：the couple是太虚弱所以不能站起来，是由船长carried them onto his boat, 而救生艇早在出事后的50天就坏掉了，而不是获救当天坏的，所以A、B、C都可以排除，D项为正确选项。

C 【答案及解析】文章分析了城里人比乡下人更长寿的原因是城里人锻炼更多，步行更多。

11．C.细节推理题。根据第2行Why did she live to be 107?”可知这个调查是关于这些人长寿的原因的，故C正确。

12．B.细节推理题。在第二段中提出了很多的例子都想证明城里人的锻炼比乡下人要多，步行的距离要比乡下人更长。故B正确。

13．B.细节推理题。根据第二段3,4行Smaller apartment houses have no elevators(电梯)，and so people must climb stairs．可知B正确。

14．A.细节推理题。根据最后一句．To go to school，work，or almost anywhere else，they must ride in cars．可知乡下人要开车上学主要是因为他们不得不开车，那么可能是因为住的地方不靠市中心，交通不方便，故A正确。

15．D.概括推理题。文章分析了城里人比乡下人更长寿的原因是城里人锻炼更多，步行更多。故D正确。

D 【答案及解析】文章讲述的是妈妈对我的要求很严格，甚至到了苛刻的地步，但是对我的成长有很大的帮助。

16.B.概括推理题。根据文章第一段I had the meanest mother in the world，还有文章第2,3段可知B正确。

17.C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一行The worst is yet to come.We had to be in bed by 9:00 each night and up at 7:45 the next morning.可知C正确。18.A。细节推理题。根据文章第三段our friends’ report cards had beautiful colors on them, black for passing，red for failing.My mother, however，would merely be content with black marks.可知A正确。

19.D。根据文章最后一段可知作者很感激妈妈对自己的严格要求，故D正确。20.B。概括总结题。根据文章的最后一句话推断。

第十套

A 【答案及解析】文章讲述了打猎和handgun control的关系。

1．C。细节推理题。根据第2段最后一句When uncontrolled, it can be a very dangerous practice.进行反向推理可知，可知C正确。

2．D.细节判断题题。根据最后一段Because most of the hunters use a rifle or shotgun, there is no reason why their search for game and sport shold be affected by handgun control可知handgun control不会影响猎人，因为猎人不使用handgun。

3．A。主旨大意题。根据文章男人可知文章是关于打猎和handgun control的关系。

4.D.细节推断题。根据Only long guns, rifles and shotguns are effective arms of hunting判断。

5.D。根据文章的第四段判断。

B 【答案及解析】文章介绍了澳大利亚社会的各个方面，经济，移民，生活等。

6．D。猜测句意题。根据下一句However, there is some difference in lifestyle between city dwellers and the country people.与上文形成转折关系，下文说在城市和乡下生活方式有差别，说明上文的口音方面差别不大。

7．D。细节题。根据第5行90 per cent of the population lives in the fast-paced cities和第8行In contrast, the rural communities tend to be slow-moving and conservative.可知城市生活和乡村生活是不一样的。

8．C。猜测词义题。根据句意可知尽管澳大利亚存在着种族问题，但是它是一个多民族融合的国家。民族的融合是一个成功的实验，整个国家也以此为荣。

9．B。推理题。根据文章最后一段第一行The emphasis has shifted in recent years and today the majority of new immigrants are from Southeast Asia.可知现在的澳大利亚强调东南亚的移民。故B正确。

10．A。主旨大意题。文章介绍了澳大利亚社会的各个方面，经济，移民，生活等。

C 【答案及解析】文章讨论的是政府控制经济的可能结果。

11.A．细节题。根据文章第一段最后一句According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.可知A正确。

12．C。推理题。根据文章第一段内容可知限制租赁价格会带来一系列的影响，从长远来看会导致公寓数量的不足，以及一些其他的不够积极的影响。

13.A．推理题。根据文章第二段可知如果设立的最低工资过高，会让企业不去雇佣更多的人，或者借助于机器。那样就会有更多的人失业。故A正确。14.B．主旨大意题。文章讨论的是政府控制的可能结果。

15.D。推理题。根据文章最后一段Economists do not agree on some of the predictions.可知这两者的预测经常是不一样的。故D正确。

D 【答案及解析】本文主要叙述现在的手机、短信等高科技产品对人们生活的影响。

16.B。综合推断题。本文叙述的是现代科技让人们更孤独等不良影响。17.C.细节推理题。现代科技让人们面对面交谈变得困难。

18.D.细节推理题。从文章的一开始，当作者和朋友谈话时被手机打断让人尴尬。19.B。细节理解题。根据文章的倒数第二段，现代科技让人们越来越远。20.A。细节推断题。根据文章的最后一段判断推理。

第五篇：2017年高考英语阅读理解训练2

2017年高考英语冲刺训练

阅读理解专练2

A

World leaders from nearly 200 countries have signed an important historic agreement to fight global climate change.The agreement came after two weeks of talks between the leaders at the 21st Conference in Paris, France.As part of the Paris agreement，countries said they would cut down on pollution However，according to the terms of the deal，countries that don’t do this will not be punished，or fined.Instead，the document is meant to show that governments around the world take climate change seriously and are willing to work together to fight global warming.World leaders have met many times to discuss climate change.But，the 21st Conference of Parties, or COP21, which began on November 30 in Paris，was the first time they agreed on a global, legal pact(协定).Before the conference, each nation was asked to create plans on how to reach the shared goal.The pact that was signed allows countries to decide the best way to cut down their gas pollution.No matter how they decide to go green, each country must report honestly on all of their efforts.Every five years, nations must look at the work they’ve done and submit new plans on how they will improve over the next five years.In the pact, the countries pledge to limit the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by human activity to the levels that trees，soil and oceans can absorb naturally.It urges countries to spend trillions of dollars on creating new energy sources, like solar and wind power.It also requires countries to raise at least $ 100 billion each year to help developing countries.However, critics of the pact say it is not detailed enough, and doesn’t include specifics about how the plan will be enforced and how improvements will be measured.The pact does include one large, specific goal: how countries will aim to keep global temperatures from rising more than 3.60℉(20℃)by 2100.Nonetheless，the agreement is considered by many world leaders to be a major victory.The U.N.has been working more than two decades to convince governments to work together to reduce man-made emissions.“History will remember this day,” U.N.Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said.“The Paris agreement on climate change is a monumental success for the planet and its people.” 1． When was the legal pact probably passed?

A.On November 30.B.On December 4.C.On December 8.D.On December 12.2． According to the agreement, countries________.A.have to give a yearly report about their work B.will be published if they fail to reduce pollution C.are required to ensure investment in fighting pollution D.should try to reach the agreed standard in five years 3． What is each country required to do before the Paris conference?

A.Provide a work plan.B.Give an oral explanation.C.Provide a large amount of money.D.Give a written assessment.4． The pact is thought to be imperfect because_______.A.it doesn’t consider developing countries B.it is not detailed enough

C.it is not attractive to all countries

D.it only benefits some countries

B

If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.Take the taxi drivers for example.Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer.You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to(料理), and then walk off without paying your fare.The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners.Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals.The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card(住宿登记卡)to the waiter.With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.The Finnish workers are paid by the hour.They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate(价钱).From then on, they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly(相应地).With so many loopholes(漏洞)in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”.But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business;not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms.And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in.As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”.In a society of such high moral practice, what need is there for people to be on guard against others? 1.While taking a taxi in Finland，.A.a passenger can go anywhere without having to pay the driver B.a passenger pays two US dollars for a taxi ride

C.a passenger can never be refused by the taxi driver wherever he wants to go

D.a passenger needs to provide good faith demonstration(证明)before leaving without paying 2.We know from the passage that big hotels in Finland

.A.are mostly poorly managed

B.provide meals for any diners

C.provide free wine and charge for food

D.provide meal for only those who live in the hotels

3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A.The workers in Finland are paid by the hour.B.The workers are always honest with their working hours.C.The workers and their bosses will make an agreement in advance about the pay.D.The bosses in Finland are too busy to check the working hours of their employees.4.The word “those” in the last but one paragraph probably refers to

.A.people who are dishonest

B.people who often have meals in big hotels C.people who often take taxis

D.people who are worthy of trust

C A university graduate described as a “respectable and intelligent” woman is seeking professional help after being convicted of（证明有……罪）shoplifting for the second time in six months.Ana Luz, recently studying for her PhD, has been told she could end up behind bars unless she can control the desire to steal from shops.Luz, who lives with her partner in Fitzwilliam Road, Cambridge, admitted stealing clothes worth ￡9.95 from John Lewis in Oxford Street, London, on March 9.Phillip Lemoyne, prosecuting(起诉), said Luz selected some clothes from a display and took them to the ladies’ toilet in the store.When she came out again she was wearing one of the skirts she had selected, having taken off the anti-theft security alarms.She was stopped and caught after leaving the store without paying, Mr.Lemoyne said.He added that she was upset on her arrest and apologized for her actions.Luz, 28, was said to have been convicted of shoplifting by Cambridge judges last October, but Morag Duff, defending, said she had never been in trouble with the police before that.“She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesn’t really have any explanation why she did this,” Miss Duff said.“She didn’t intend to steal when she went into the store.She is at a loss to explain it.She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady.She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know if there is anything in particular that caused her to do this.” Judge David Azan fined Luz ￡50, and warned: “You’ve got a criminal record.If you carry on like this, you will end up in prison, which will ruin your bright future you may have.” Luz achieved a degree in design at university in her native Spain, went on to a famous university in Berlin, Germany for her master’s degree and is now studying for a PhD at Cambridge University, UK.1．What does the underlined sentence “She is at a loss to explain it” mean?

A．In her opinion it was a loss to the clothes shops where she stole things.B．She doesn’t have any idea why she has the desire to steal from shops.C．She thinks it is a loss for her to explain why she stole things from shops.D．Personally she feels ashamed and embarrassed for her shoplifting actions.2．Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “shoplifting” used in the passage?

A．Carrying goods in a lift for a shop.B．Taking goods to the ladies’ toilet.C．Selecting some goods from a display.D．Taking goods from a shop without paying.3．From the passage we can learn that ________.A．Ana Luz is already got her PhD at Cambridge University, UK B．Ana Luz is ashamed and embarrassed and knows why she often did so C．the university graduate will be put in prison if she steals in shops once more D．Phillip Lemoyne is the “respectable and intelligent” woman’s defense lawyer 4．What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Shoplifting Shame of a PhD Student

B．Apologizing for the Actions in Shops C．Seeking Professional Help from Experts D．Controlling the Desire to Steal from Shops

D

How I Turned to Be Optimistic

I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt’s house，and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America.We were on the bus then.I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me.I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio programs for school children to which I listened every morning.I do not remember myself crying for this reason again.In fact，I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives.When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures.The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once.For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a result of family moves.I did not quite know what I was or what I should be.Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me.Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other.I was often sad, and saw no end to “the hard times”．

My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home.I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with immigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.From my experiences I have learned one important rule：almost all common troubles eventually go away!Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up，and just wait a little！I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.1．How did the author get to know America before she went there?

A．From her relatives.B．From her mother.C．From books and pictures.D．From radio programs.2．Upon leaving for America the author felt ____.A．confused

B．excited

C．frightened

D．amazed

3．For the first two years in New York，the author ____.A．often lost her way

B．did not think about her future

C．studied in three different schools

D．got on well with her stepfather

4．What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 4?

A．She worked as a translator.B．She attended a lot of job interviews.C．She paid telephone bills for her family.D．She helped her family with her English.2017年高考英语冲刺训练 阅读理解专练2·答案与解析

A篇

本文是新闻报道,在联合国多年的努力下,全世界将近200个国家共同签署了具有历史意义的协议,共同对抗日益严重的全球变暖问题。

1．D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段 The agreement came after two weeks of talks between the leaders at the 21st Conference in Paris, France.和第三段 which began on November 30 in Paris,判断应选 D。

2．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段It urges countries to spend trillions of dollars on creating new energy sources, like solar and wind power.tt also requires countries to raise at least $ 100 billion each year to help developing countries.国家必须确保打击污染的投资。故选 C。3．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段 Before the conference, each nation was asked to create plans on how to reach the shared goal.可知提供一个工作计划。故选 A。

4．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第六段 However, critics of the pact say it is not detailed enough, and doesn’t include specifics about how the plan will be enforced and how improvements will be measured.可知它不够详细。故选 B。

B篇

芬兰的生活中有很多漏洞，但是芬兰人很诚实，如他们在按小时算工资时不会多算。

1.C【解析】推理判断题。根据文中You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to(料理), and then walk off without paying your fare.可知，司机不会拒绝乘客去他们想去的地方。所以选C。

2.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文中The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners.Hotel guests have their meals free可知，大的旅馆给居住在旅店的人提供免费的食物。

3.D【解析】推理判断题。they are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate(价钱).From then on, they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly(相应地).可知，芬兰人是自己上报自己工作的时日，而不是因为老板太忙没时间检查。4.A【解析】推理判断题。根据文中With so many loopholes(漏洞)in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”.可知，由于生活中的漏洞，使得那些不诚实的人感觉到了天堂。所以这里those指的是那些不诚实的人。所以选A。

C篇

本文叙述的是一个博士生偷东西的事情。

1.B 【解析】推理题。从文章第八段的句子：but doesn’t really have any explanation why she did this推断，她不知道怎么解释。故选B。

2.D 【解析】推理题。从文章第五段的句子：She was stopped and caught after leaving the store without paying可知，shoplifting是指拿了东西没付钱，就是顺手牵羊。故选D。3.C【解析】推理题。从文章倒数第二段的句子：Judge David Azan fined Luz ￡ 50, and warned : “You’ve got a criminal record.If you carry on like this, you will end up in prison ,which will ruin your bright future you may have可知，再有一次这样的行为，就会被送进监狱。故选C。

4.A 【解析】主旨题。文章的标题是文章的中心思想的浓缩，要抓住人和事，本文讲述的是一个博士生偷东西的事情。故A项适合作文章标题。

D篇

本文叙述的是作者搬到美国之后，生活的磨砺让作者从一个悲观失望的人变成了一个积极乐观的人。

1.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures.可知，在她去美国之前她是从书本和图片里了解美国的，故答案为C。

2.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段前两行I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures.The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.可知，作者离开的时候感受到的不是困惑和担忧，而是兴奋。故选B。

3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a result of family moves.可知，作者在头两年在三个不同的学校学习。故选C。4.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home.可知，我的英语是家里最好的，所以我经常用我的英语来帮助家人，故D正确。