上海中考英语语法重点整理

第一篇：上海中考英语语法重点整理

中考语法整理

be busy doing sth.例题：Look!This new couple are busy _________ their new flat.A.decorating

B.to decorate

C.decorates

D.decorate

2．tell sb to do sth.例题：He told Laura to take care of ___________.Don’t be too busy.A.she

B.her

C.hers

D.herself

例题：Father often tells Tom ___________ too much time playing video games.A)don't spend

B)to not spend

C)not to spend

D)doesn't spend

3．keep/make sth.+ adj.例题The head teacher asked all the students to help keep the school _______..A.cleanly

B.clean

C.clear

D.clearly 例题Let's do something together to keep our Earth ___________.(save)

4.find it + adj.to do sth.例题The old man at th6 bus stop found it difficult for him to ___________ the crowded bus.A)get up

B)get on

C)get off

D)get along

5.It is + adj.for sb.to do sth.It is important for us to ___________ our friendship.(strong)It's ___________ for a boy of four to work out such a difficult problem.(possible)

6.so … that…

The girl was so ___________ that she hid herself behind the door.(frighten)

7.some…..some 句型

一些。。。另一些。。

例题We can see many old people on the playground every morning.Some are miming and ____________ are dancing, A)other

B)the other

C)others

D)the others

8．Sth looks +adj

看起来怎么样。。。

例题The comic strip looks very ____________ and is warmly welcomed by children.A)nicely

B)widely

C)beautifully

D)lovely 9．Prefer A to B / prefer to doing A to doing B

Because of the rain, I prefer ____________ at home to ____________.A)staying...hiking

B)stay...hiking C)stay...hike

D)staying...hike

10．四个花费

sb.spend some time/some money on sth./(in)doing sth.It takes sb.some time to do sth.It cost sb.some money to do sth./ sth.cost sb.some money sb pays some money for sth.例题一Tom purchased a new MP5 last week.it ____________ him nearly 600 yuan.A)paid

B)spent

C)used

D)cost

例题二vThe cell phone ____________ him ￥2000 and he likes it very much.A)cost

B)spent

C)paid

D)took

11．need to do sth need do sth You ____________ worry about difficulties.We will all help you.A)needn't

B)needn't to

C)don't need

D)not need

12.what+ a/an+ 形容词+名词

How +形容词+a/an +名词

例题一__________ beautiful car you have boughs!

A)What

B)What a

C)What an

D)How 例题二___________ great advice our class teacher has given!A.What

B.What a

C.How

D.How a

13．Seem +adj 或者It seems to sb.that

例题The food is delicious at this hotel, but the service seems ___________.A.good

B.well

C.poor

D.poorly

14．V+doing 句型

Practise/enjoy/hate/like/finish/stop/mind/keep/go on + doing sth.例题Lily is eager to become a famous musician one day, so she practises ___________ the piano every day.A.plays

B.play

C.to play

D.playing

15.since 句型

例题一Macao ___________ great progress since it returned to China in 1999.A.made

B.makes

C.has made

D.was made

例题二People ___________ the virus of H1NI since the early of last year.A)studied

B)have studied

C)will study

D)had studied

16．Teach sb sth

Professor White will teach ___________ geography next term.A)us

B)we

C)ours

D)ourselves

17．used to do sth./ be(get)used to sth./doing sth.例题一I ___________ watch TV a lot, but now I surf the Internet all day long.A)use

B)am used to

C)use to

D)used to 例题二As we all know, wood and stones ____________ bridges in many countries.A)used to build

B)used to building C)are used to build

D)are used to building

18．If引导的时间状语从句

例题一He will pick you up for dinner if he ___________ his work before six o'clock.A)finish

B)will finish

C)finished

D)finishes

例题二If it ____________ tomorrow, we won't go on a trip to Shanghai Wild Animal Park.A)rains

B)rain

C)will rain

D)raining

19．had better(not)do sth.例题一You'd better ___________ late next time.You can leave a bit earlier.A)be not

B)don't be

C)not to be

D)not be 例题二You're getting fatter and fatter, you'd better ____________ enough exercise.A)take

B)to take

C)taking

D)took

20.be dead 表示死亡的状态

Though Ba Jin has been ___________ for four years, he still lives in people's hearts.(death)

21．比较级句型

…is one of the + 最高级 + n(pl)… 最……之一 比较级+than

例题一Now China has become one of ____________ countries in the world.A)most strong

B)the most strong

C)strongest

D)the strongest

例题二Computers can work out the difficult problems ____________ than human beings.A)much quickly

B)more quick

C)far more quickly D)very quickly

22.有关thousands / hundreds of 和hundred, thousand数词句型

例题一____________ people gave money and clothes to the homeless people through the Red Cross.A)Thousand

B)Thousands

C)Thousand of

D)Thousands of 例题二Gong Yangling from Harbin in china has remembered over 15 ____________ telephone numbers.A)thousand

B)thousands

C)thousand of

D)thousands of 例题三It is said that two _______ students are going to enter the contest this Sunday afternoon.A.thousand

B.thousands

C.thousand of

D.thousands of

23．Must…….? 疑问句

例题一---Must 1 finish writing the article right now?

---No, you ____________.You can finish it tomorrow.A)may

B)must

C)needn't

D)can't

例题二A: Must I finish my homework right now ?

B: No, you ____________.You can relax for a while.A)must

B)mustn't

C)need

D)needn't

24．As……as

例题一The little girl looks as ______ as a Barbie Doll.A)lovely

B)beautifully

C)sweetly

D)carefully 例题二Nowadays science fiction isn’t as ________ as cartoons among teenagers.A.popular

B.more popular

C.less popular

D.the most popular 25．As soon as引导的时间状语从句

I’ll give the message to her as soon as she ________.A.is returning

B.returns

C.will return

D.returned 26．Or 和and 引导的祈使句

例题一Work harder, ________ you’ll make greater progress in your English study.A.but

B.or

C.for

D.and 例题二Mind your steps as you go, _________ you’ll fall down onto the wet ground.A.and

B.but

C.or

D.so

27．Let/make sb do sth

The woman feels that she should let her son _______ his own decision this time.A.makes

B.make

C.to make

D.making

28.Let’s ……, shall we 的反义疑问句

Let’s go and join them in the football match.(改为反意疑问句)Let’s go and join them in the football match, __________ _________?

29．Be familiar with / be familiar to

Xintiandi in Shanghai is now familiar ________ many foreigners.A.on

B.with

C.from

D.to

30．When /while 引导的时间状语从句

.I _________ dinner at my friend's house when you called me yesterday evening.A.had

B.have had

C.was having

D.are having

第二篇：广州 初三 重点英语语法

演讲稿 工作总结 调研报告 讲话稿 事迹材料 心得体会 策划方案

广州 初三 重点英语语法

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初三（初三（上）总复习资料 If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

一．非谓语动词

一． 1.To do 用法

（to do, doing, do）

（2）常用 it： It is important to learn English well.常用(3)宾补：Please ask Li Lei to clean the room.Allow, teach, help(或 help sb do), invite, advise, encourage, would like, refuse, persuade 等(4)与疑问词连用：what，where, when, how, which 等 与疑问词连用：，I hardly know what to say.I want to know how to go to the nearest bus station.二． do 1.2.3.4.情态动词：can, may, must, should , ought to „..had better do I can do it by myself.You’d better washed your teeth before getting to bed.why not do sth.= why don’t you do sth.Would you please do sth.主要感官词和使役动词后面, 被动要添 to 感官词 hear, find see, watch, notice sb do sth doing sth.经常做/ 看到整个过程 正在做

（1）

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演讲稿 工作总结 调研报告 讲话稿 事迹材料 心得体会 策划方案

They usually see Jack shout in the classroom.I saw a hen lying on the ground on my way home an hour ago.(2)使役动词 make/ let/ have + sb do sth 使某人做某事 注意其他考点：(1)make sb.+ adj His words made me laugh= His words made me happy(2)Let 反义疑问句 Let’ s do sth, shall we? Let us do sth, will you?（3）have Have sb do sth Have sth.done 使某人做某事 He has me do my work.使某事被某人做 He has my work done(by me)

三． doing 1.2.3.句首，句首，作主语 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.V+ V-ing I enjoy swimming in the summer.enjoy, mind, finish, suggest, be busy, feel like, avoid, admit, practice 介词+ V ：for, with, without, in, on, off, out, inside, before, about, off„ 注意：look forward to doing, be used to doing 四． Stop Doing 和 do 意思不同(记住 to 是“去”意思)to do 停下来，去做另一件事 doing 停止正在做的事 Forget to do 忘记去做某事（没做的事）doing 忘记已经做的事 Remember to do 记得去做（没做的事）doing 记得做过么 Like to do 有特指代，限制 doing 表示一种习惯，经常的 例如：I like swimming.I don’t like to swim today, because it’s really cold.try to do 努力做某事

doing 尝试做某事，可能只是好奇等想试试而已

二． 形容词和副词的用法

1.adj（形容词）1.adj+ N 注意： 注意： something/ anything/~thing + adj（形容词放后面）例如： I like the wonderful

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演讲稿 工作总结 调研报告 讲话稿 事迹材料 心得体会 策划方案

stamp.I have something important to tell you.2.系动词 + adj 5 感 look/ sound/ / taste/ smell /feel + adj 意思：看起来，听起来，闻起来，感觉是 保持 keep，leave，stay 例如：keep healthy，leave the door open get，become, grow, turn 例如：get tired，grow old 变 seem 3.find / make + sb/ sth +adj I find it difficult to finish it.2.比较级(adj)等级 原级 结构 adj（本身）常用词 常用词，句 1.As + adj+ as-not as/ so +adj +as 2.修饰原级: so, very, rather, too, quite 修饰原级

比较级

adj + er，more + adj(more +多音节原型)

1.修饰比较级 much, a little, a lot, even, far 修饰比较级: The boy is taller than that one.3.比较级 than any other + N(单数 单数)单数 4.比较级 than the other + N（复数）（复数）

最高级

the + adj+est the most + adj

One of the 最高级 + N（复数）复数）Huanghe is one of the longest rivers in China.the first/ second„最高级 + N（单数）最高级 单数）Huanghe is the second longest river in China.越来越„ more and more + 原级 多音节), 比较级 + and +比较级 单音节 原级(多 比较级(单 越来越 比较级 音节)比较级，比较级” 越„，就越 “the+比较级，the+比较级(“the+比较级”分别置于两句的开头)，就越„ 比较级 比较级 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.副 词 1.特点：常常以 ly 结尾 常

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演讲稿 工作总结 调研报告 讲话稿 事迹材料 心得体会 策划方案

常以 2.修饰动词 do（V）it carefully 修饰形容词 He seems seriously ill.修饰句子，放开头 fortunately, he can work out on time.3.注意词 hard 努力地，努力的 hardly 几乎不

三．宾语从句

1.宾语从句 主句 + 引导词（that/ whether/ if/ what/ who/ how„„）+从句 1.引导词，根据意思判断 引导词，（that）没意思，可以省略 If/ whether 是否（后面有 or not 只用 whether）What/ how/ where„.特殊词自身意思 例如： I know the earth travels around the sun.我知道地球围太阳转。I want to know whether the earth travels around the sun.我想知道地球是不是围太 阳转。2.时态 ：★ 做题一定要判断主句是不是过去时 主句（现在时）从句（任何时态）主句（过去时）从句（过去相关时态）真理不受限制，常用一般现在时 主句（过去时 过去相关时态）3.语序 一般情况下 am/ is/ are/ was/ were 语序 if/ whether/ 特殊疑问词 直接 do/does/did 特殊疑问词 直接+ 都 will/ would 是 can/ could/ should/ ought to/ may 错 have 的 比较：I want to know when shall we hold the meeting错误 I want to know when we shall hold the meeting正确 {注意 有时 特殊疑问词 名词，整体看作疑问词，如问 what color “什么颜色” 注意}有时 特殊疑问词+名词 整体看作疑问词，名词，什么颜色” 注意 故。I want to know what color was it 错误 I want to know what color it was正确 4.疑问词+ to do I want to know when to hold the meeting.(省略了主语，再+ to)

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演讲稿 工作总结 调研报告 讲话稿 事迹材料 心得体会 策划方案

四． 反义疑问句

1.前肯，后否（be/ 助词+ 人称代词）前否，后肯 2．前面句子出现 be（am, is, are, was, were）后面直接用这些词（）can/ could/ should/ may 等情态动词 will/ would have + done（动词过去分词）（动词过去分词）例如：Jack is a middle school student, isn’t he? Jack can do it by himself, can’t he? Jack and his parents will go there, won’t they? Jack has finished all the job, hasn’t he? 其他动词 后面添加 do，did，does 例如：Jack usually works at school, doesn’t he? Jack worked there before, didn’t he? 注意： Jack didn’t work there, did he?(前面出现过 didn’t，后面直接用 did)判断： 判断：Jack has worked there for 3 years, hasn’t he? Jack has to work now, doesn’t he? 2.特殊句型：祈使句（动词原型放句首）祈使句（，will you？ 祈使句 动词原型放句首），？ 特例)但 let’s„.., shall we?(特例 特例

五．常考句型

1.It is / was + adj.+ for +sb.+ to do sth.做某事对某人来说是怎么样的。for sb.表示对某人怎么样 It is wise for you to shampoo often.It is important for you to reduce the pressure you are feeling.2.It is / was + adj.+ of +sb.+ to do sth.某人做某事真怎么样。of 表示人的品质（kind、It was foolish of you to go to a job interview with messy hair.3.adj.+ enough + to do sth.足够„„.做某事 enough + n.足够的„„ The boy is old enough to go to school.You need to get enough green

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演讲稿 工作总结 调研报告 讲话稿 事迹材料 心得体会 策划方案

vegetables and fruit.4.too + adj/ adv + to do sth.太„以致不能„.The boy not old enough to go school.The boy is too young to go to school.The boy is so young that he can not go to school.5.花费 人 spend/ spent + 时间、钱 + doing 人 pay/ paid + 钱 + for doing sth/ sth 物 cost sb + 钱, 时间 + to do sth It takes/ took sb + 时间 + to do She said that it took her an hour each day to wash it.6.how often 多常时间做一次(某事)once a month How long 多长时间 How soon 多快就做 in two days 7.动词 ed 形容人 动词+ V+ ing 形容物 Interested（in）interesting；，frightened，frightening，pleased（with）pleasing，delighted（to），satisfied（with），感叹句

what 1.what(不可数，复数名词)2.what a/ an 可数名词单数 adj +（直接）+ 其他（the、my，句子）-How 2.adv How 3.常考的不可数名词：weather，knowledge，news，food 感叹句 1.food you have cooked!A.How a nice B.What a nice C.How nice D.What nice 2.terrible weather we have been having these days!A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 3.fast the boy ran!A.How A.How, how C.How, what A.How 非谓语动词 1.Would you like swimming with me? A.go B.going C.to go D.to ask B.How an C.What D.What an 4.well you write but badly he speak!B.What, what D.What, how C.What D.What an 1.adj +（直接）+ N-

5.delicious the soup is!I’d like some more.B.How an

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演讲稿 工作总结 调研报告 讲话稿 事迹材料 心得体会 策划方案

2.The little girl was too frightened a word.A.not to tell B.not to say C.to tell D.to say

3.I feel tired and sleepy.Why not stop? A.resting B.breaking C.to relax D.to work

4.We often hear teenagers pop songs instead of Beijing Opera.A.sing B.to sing C.singed D.singing

5.There are not any things on the room.A.living B.live C.lives D.to live

6.The doctor advised the young man smoking.A.to give up B.giving up C.give up D.gives up

7.We are very to see her face.A.pleasing, smiled C.pleased, smiled

B.pleasing, smiling D.pleased, smiling

8.I spent two hours my homework.How about you? A.finish B.finishing C.to finish D.to finishing

9.--How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?--It makes me very prod.A.felt B.to feel C.feeling D.feel

10.My sister is sleeping quietly, so I tried my best any noise.A.not make 形容词和副词 1.The movie was very and all of us were.A.exciting;exciting C.exciting;excited B.excited;excited D.excited;exciting B.to make not C.to make D.not to make

2.Thanks to the Party, our life is getting.A.good and better C.精心收集

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演讲稿 工作总结 调研报告 讲话稿 事迹材料 心得体会 策划方案

better and best 3.John is cleverer than in his class.A.any student C.any other students B.any other student D.all the students B.better and better D.best and best

4.The Yellow River is the second river in China.A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest

5.John is from Australia.He is one of my friends.A.good B.well C.better D.best

6.I can’t afford the bike.The price is a bit too.A.low B.high C.cheap D.expensive

7.Mary studies her classmates.A.so hard as B.as hard as C.so harder as D.as harder as

8.He studies to catch up with his classmates.A.too careful C.enough carefully B.so carefully D.carefully enough

9.The bag is heavy that he can’t move it alone.A.too B.very C.so D.enough

10.I feel better than yesterday.A.much 宾语从句 1.What did Mike say? He said.A.if you were free the next week C.the weather is fine B.what colour was it D.summer comes after spring B.so C.very D.more

2.Please tell me last year.A.where does your sister work C where your sister works B where did your sister work D where your sister worked

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演讲稿 工作总结 调研报告 讲话稿 事迹材料 心得体会 策划方案

3.The girls asked if they some food and drink with them.A.took B.take C.takes D.will take 4.Can you tell me you were born, Betty? A.who B.what C.when D.that 5.I don't know they have passed the exam.A.what B.if C.when D.where 非谓语动词答案：CDCAA ADBDD 宾语从句答案：DDACB 形容词和副词答案：CBBCD DBDCA 1

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第三篇：中考英语语法满分经验总结

中考英语语法满分经验总结

语法是骨骼，词汇是血肉。现在教育改革了、考试改革了，好像一夜之间语法突然不重要了，甚至被一些老师和学生忽略。其实，语法和词汇等语言要素就是客观的存在，不管我们重视与否，它们都是英语考试中不可缺失的一部分。

语法是语言的规则，考试语法之所以难度颇大，考点繁多，考试语法主要在动词的时态和语态、从句、非谓语和虚拟语气是考试的重点。所以在高三复习时，应该有意识抓住这些考点的每个细节反复记忆，勤加练习。

做一道题，会一类题：考试语法考点繁杂，必要的练习是必不可少的。对于英语语法习题并不是越多越好，而是能够做一道题会一类题。每一道错题都能够作为知识点复习的机会，力求作对一道题，就能做会一类语法考点的题。建议词法、句法要点逐个梳理、各个击破。直到达到100%正确率，在进行下一个语法点的复习。

充实的词汇量：词汇量不足，题目看不懂，就根本无法理解题目考点，影响到语法判断，因此要保证大纲词汇量完全掌握，甚至自己突破大纲词汇量框框，掌握更多词汇，可以使用学习工具突破词汇量。

写作得分保证--语法零错误：很多写作的失分集中体现在语法错误和拼写错误。很多同学小看了写作的难度。其实，写作的高分语法错误的避免是基本写作能力的体现。避免语法错误的关键是，落笔谨慎，动词和名词的使用要关注有没有时态、语态、第三人称单数；名词的使用需要关注冠词和单复数问题。句式使用过程中，需要认真分析句子结构，避免完全凭感觉写句子。总之，写作部分中语法知识的熟练应用才能写出精彩的句子、流畅的语言。

第四篇：初二英语语法知识重点总结

初二英语语法知识重点总结

一、知识强化

1．掌握本单元的重点词汇及句型。

2．谈论最好做某事和正确做某事，培养提高自己的交际能力。

3．正确使用should和ought to。

二、重难点知识讲解

1．First, we decided to elect the chief editor.首先我们决定选出主编。

decide 动词，意为“决定”，常用结构：

decide(not)to do sth.决定(不)做某事

decide on doing sth 决定做某事

decide + 疑问代词/副词＋不定式

决定……

decide＋从句

决定……

e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday.我决定星期一去北京。

He has decided on going for a trip next week.他已决定下周去旅行。

He decided when to go to Beijing.他已经决定了什么时候去北京。

We decided that we didn’t take part in the basketball match.我们决定不参加篮球比赛。

2．We should choose Joyce because she has experience.我们应该选乔伊斯因为她很有经验。

（1）experience n.经验；经历

①经验(不可数名词)

e.g.He is a math teacher with 5 years’ experience.他是一名有五年工作经验的数学老师。

②经历(可数名词)

e.g.It was a strange experience.真是一次奇特的经历。

Please tell us your experiences in America.请你告诉我们你在美洲的经历。

（2）experience v.体验；经历

e.g.Our country has experienced great changes in the last thirty years.我国在过去三十年经历了巨大变化。

3．Then we all voted for her.然后我们都投票赞成（选乔伊斯为主编）。

vote for sb.意为“投票赞成某人”。

e.g.I shall vote for Ben because he has experience.我将投票选本因为他有经验。

Vote for Johnson—the people’s friend!

请投约翰逊一票——他是人民的支持者。

vote against 意为“投票反对”。

e.g.People vote against Henry.人们投票反对亨利。

4．Then Joyce took charge of the meeting.于是，乔伊斯主持会议。

take charge of意为“主管，主持；负责”。

e.g.Who will take charge of the meeting?

谁将主持这次会议？

She took charge of the family business after her father died.父亲去世后，家务事全由她负责。

The department was badly organized until she took charge(of it).这个部门在她负责管理以前组织工作做得很差。

5．Then the others voted for me.于是其他人投票选我。

句中的the others指参加会议的除我以外的所有人即：Lucy, Joyce, Tony和Jessica。

辨析：other, the other, the others与another

（1）other表示“其他的”，表示泛指，没有特定的范围。

e.g.Lei Feng always helped other people.雷锋总是帮助别人。(指其他的任何人)

（2）the other意为“另一个”，一般用于两者之间。其句型为：one…the other…一个……另一个……

e.g.The old man has two sons.One is a soldier, the other is a worker.那位老人有两个儿子，一个是士兵，另一个是工人。

注意：the other和other后均可加名词，但意思有所不同，“the other＋名词”表示一定范围内除一部分外其余的全部，而“other＋名词”表示除去部分以后的另一些，但不是剩下的全部。

（3）the others 特指一定范围内的其余的全部人或事物。

e.g.I have three pencils.One is long, and the others are short.我有三支铅笔，一支是长的，另外（两个）是短的。（代词）

（4）another表示三者或三者以上的其他任何一个，意为“再一；又一”。

e.g.Would you like another cup of tea?

你还要一杯茶吗?

6．You will be responsible for different sections of the paper.你们将负责报纸的不同部分。

be responsible for意为“对……负责”。

e.g.Who is responsible for breaking the mirror?

镜子是谁打破的?

The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety.公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负责。

7．Should it be free for readers, or should they pay for it?

读者应免费阅读还是花钱购买呢？

辨析：pay, spend, cost与take

四个单词都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。

（1）pay的基本用法是：

①pay(sb.)money for sth.付钱(给某人)买某物。

e.g.I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付给他们20英镑的房租。

②pay for sth.付某物的钱

e.g.I have to pay for the lost book.我不得不赔偿丢失的书款。

③pay for sb.替某人付钱

e.g.Don’t worry!I’ll pay for you.别担心，我会给你付钱的。

（2）spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：

①spend time/ money on sth.在某物上花费时间/ 金钱。

e.g.I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。

②spend time/ money(in)doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事。

e.g.They spent two years(in)building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。

（3）cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见的用法如下：

①“sth.cost(sb.)＋金钱”表示“某物花了(某人)多少钱”。

e.g.A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。

②“(doing)sth.cost(sb.)＋时间”表示“(做某事)某物花了(某人)多少时间”

e.g.Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量的时间才记住了这些新单词。

（4）take 常见的用法有以下几种：

①“It takes/took sb.＋时间＋ to do sth.”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。

e.g.It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。

②“doing sth.takes sb.＋时间”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。

e.g.Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一整下午修这辆小汽车。

8．Well, I usually try to get one for free from outside the library…

哦，我通常试图从图书馆外免费拿一份……

try to do sth.,意为“尽力、设法去做某事”，强调付出一定的努力或想方设法地去完成。

I’ll try to come early tomorrow.我明天尽量早点儿来。

辨析：try doing sth.意为“尝试着做某事”，不一定付出很大努力。

e.g.If you like, you can try watching it.如果你喜欢，你可以试着看一下。

拓展：

①try/do one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人全力去做某事”。

e.g.We should try our best to practice speaking English.我们应尽力来练习说英语。

②try on意为“试穿”。

e.g.Can I try it on?

我可以试穿一下吗?

③try也可用作名词，意为“尝试”。

e.g.I can’t open this door—will you have a try?

我打不开这扇门——你来试试行吗?

9．I also have the habit of reading English for half an hour every morning.我也有每天早上读半小时英语的习惯。

have the habit of doing…意为“有干某事的习惯”。

e.g.My mother has the habit of getting up early.我妈妈有早起的习惯。

He has habit of smoking during meals.他有吃饭时吸烟的习惯。

10．Were you nervous before the speech? 在演讲前你紧张吗?

nervous意为“焦虑的，紧张的”，形容词作表语，可以与动词get/ feel，系动词be连用。

e.g.Don’t be nervous!The doctor just wants to help you.别紧张!医生只是想帮助你。

I felt very nervous when I went into his office.当我走进他的办公室时，我感到很紧张。

11．She was on her way to the library to return the books.她正走在去图书馆还书的路上。

（1）the way to…意为“去……的路”。其中the可以用物主代词替换。如果表示地点的词是副词home, there, here等时，则不用介词to。way为名词，意为“路；道路”，其常用的搭配还有on one’s way to＋n.或on one’s way＋adv.，意为“在去……的路上”。

e.g.I see some beautiful flowers on my may home.在回家的路上，我看到一些美丽的花。

On my way to the school I met my head teacher.上学路上我遇到了班主任。

（2）return在句中意为“归还”，相当于give sth.back.e.g.Return the book to the library.把书归还给图书馆。

12．but I haven’t felt lonely at all.但我一点也不感到孤独。

（1）辨析：lonely与alone

①lonely一般只用作形容词，表示“孤单的，孤独的，寂寞的”，在句中既可作表语，又可作定语。lonely修饰物时，意为“荒凉的”。

e.g.When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.妻子和两个孩子离他而去后，他很孤独。

This is a lonely mountain village.这是一个荒凉的小山村。

②alone作形容词时，意为“单独的，独自的；独一无二的”，通常只用作表语。用作副词，表示“独自地，单独地”之意，相当于by oneself。此外，alone用在名词或代词之后，意为“只有，唯有，仅仅”。

e.g.Tom alone knew what had happened.只有汤姆知道发生了什么事。

③lonely指人孤独寂寞，或指地方荒无人烟，有浓厚的伤感色彩。alone表示“单独，独自一人”，不含感情色彩。

e.g.He doesn’t feel lonely though he lives alone.尽管他独自生活，但他并不感到孤独。

（2）not…at all 意为“一点……也不；根本不”，是完全否定。

e.g.I don’t like it /them at all.我根本不喜欢它（它们）。

He can not swim at all.他根本就不会游泳。

She doesn’t love me at all.她根本就不爱我。

三、语法点拨——should与ought to的用法

1．一般说来，两者可替换，只是ought to语气稍重。

e.g.You ought to(should)go and see Mary sometime.你应该什么时候去看看玛丽。

The train ought to(should)have arrived at six.火车本应该6点钟到的。

Such things ought not to be allowed.这种事情是不允许的。

2．表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事时，一般应用ought to，若用should则含有个人意见，强调主观看法。

e.g.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will.明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽，但是我认为我们不会去(此句不宜用should)。

3．在公告、须知或条例中，出于礼貌，常用should。如：

e.g.You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.不准在游泳池边奔跑。

第五篇：考博英语语法重点总结

考博辅导：考博英语语法重点总结（3）

过去分词与形容词的语义差：

1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things the destructive power of modern weapons Damaged: being in a bad state emotionally damaged children 2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements

He’s one of the most respected managers in the game.Respectful: feeling or showing respect They listened in respectful silence.3.Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long cycle rides.Preferable: A big earthquake a long way off is preferable to a smaller one nearby.Preferential: Bank officials denied giving the senator any preferential treatment.4.Unimagined:Others see a new golden age of business and technology that will lift the market to unimagined heights.Unimaginative:That means the traditional office layout of lined-up cubicles and work stations is seen as rigid and unimaginative.5.Loving: She was a devoted wife and a very loving mother.Lovable: a sweet lovable child Lovely: We had a lovely holiday.6.Tolerated: While Patches are generally well tolerated they are not always suitable for everyone.Tolerant: trees that are tolerant of salt sea winds Tolerable: All in all, it was better to have a tolerable tenement than the ideal which no one could afford.虚拟语气

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)

(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)

Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。

It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

(1)不定式作表语

1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。

To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。

What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。

2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。

To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。

3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。

His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。

The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．

(2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。

Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。

His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。

(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。

People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．

(3)分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth.is interesting.这类词常见的有：

interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的

delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的

disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。

The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。

The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。

They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。

3．不定式和动名词作宾语的区别

英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：

(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语

1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语

attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视

afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望

arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算

begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏

appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法

cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装

ask问 dread害怕 need需要

agree同意 desire愿望 love爱

swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供

beg请求 fail不能 plan计划

bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿

care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备

decide决定 learn学习regret抱歉，遗憾

choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明

claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许

start开始 undertake承接 want想要

consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝

decide决定 learn学习vow起

contrive设法，图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议

seek找，寻觅 try试图

2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式

ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使

allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿

announce宣布 force强迫 press迫使

bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求

assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定，表示

advise劝告 exhort告诫，勉励 pray请求

authorize授权，委托 help帮助 recommend劝告，推荐

bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒

beg请求 induce引诱 report报告

compel强迫 invite吸引，邀请，summon传唤

command命令 intend想要，企图 show 显示

drive驱赶 mean意欲，打算 train训练

cause引起 instruct指示 require要求 deserve应受 leave使，让 tell告诉

direct指导 like喜欢 tempt劝诱

entitle有资格 order命令 warn告诫

enable使能够 need需要 urge激励，力说

encourage鼓励 oblige不得不 want想要

condemn指责，谴责 lead引起，使得 teach教

entreat恳求 permit允许 wish希望

(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语

acknowledge承认，自认 cease 停止 mention说到，讲到

admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢，讨厌

advocate：提倡，主张 complete完成 dread可怕

appreciate 感激，欣赏 confess坦白 endure忍受

avoid避免 contemplate细想 enjoy享有，喜爱

bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒

can’t help不禁 delay延迟 escape逃跑，逃避

can’t stand受不了 deny否认 excuse借口

consider 考虑 detest嫌恶 fancy幻想，爱好

favor 造成，偏爱 mind 介意 repent悔悟

figure描绘，计算 miss错过 resent怨恨

finish完成，结束不得 pardon原谅，饶恕 resist抵抗，阻止

forgive原谅 permit 允许 resume恢复

imagine设想 postpone延迟，延期 risk冒险

involve卷入，包含 practise 实行，实践 suggest建议

hate讨厌 prevent阻止 save营救，储蓄

keep保持 quit放弃停止 stand坚持，忍受

loathe非常讨厌，厌恶 recall回想

例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。

(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）

forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）

2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事

stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事

3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）

remember doing记得做过某事(已做)

4)regret to do对要做的事遗憾

regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔

5）try to do努力、企图做某事

try doing试验、试一试某种办法

6)mean to do打算，有意要…

mean doing意味着

7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）

go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）

8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）proposing doing建议（做某事）

9)like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念

（注)如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如：

I should like to see him tomorrow．

10)need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义；+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。

Don’t you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要记着是明天动身。

I don’t regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)

I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做)

You must try to be more careful．你可要多加小心。

Let’s try doing the work some other way．让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。

I didn’t mean to hurt your feeling．我没想要伤害你的感情。

This illness will mean(your)going to hospital．得了这种病(你)就要进医院。