第一篇：初三英语 词汇 语法 阅读讲解Unit1
初三英语 词汇 语法 阅读讲解Unit1:Go For I...Unit1:Go For I...从句，意思是“考虑„„”。
I have thought about it for a long time.Please think about how to tell her the bad news.(3)think of 表示“认为”，一般用于疑问句中，与what 连用。
What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like the TV play? 2.big/ large/ great 上述形容词都表示“大”，但侧重点及程度不同。
(1)big指具体事物的大小，强调比正常形体的标准大，既可用在普通场合，也可用在正式场合。它可用来指人的身材高大或“长大了”，还可表示“伟大”，“重要”之意。如：
Can you lift up this big stone? On the last day I made a big decision.(2)large特别强调远远超过标准的大，指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如： A whale is a large animal.A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.(3)great除了表示数量体积之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味着伟大性，重要性，优越性；常用于抽象
或无形的东西；用于有形的东西时，常带有“伟大”，“大得令人吃惊”等意思，含有一定的感情色彩。如：
China is a great country with a long history.He was one of the greatest scientists.3.cost/ take/ spend/ pay
(1)cost表示“花钱”，花费，付出（只能用于钱、精力、生命等；主语必须是物。）
The book cost me five yuan.(2)take的主语是动词不定式, 通常用it做形式主语。It took me five yuan to buy the book..(3)spend，在主动语句中主语是人
I spent five yuan on(for)the book.或I spent five yuan(in)buying the book.(4)pay的主语是人。
I paid five yuan for the book.4.expensive/ high/ cheap/ low
这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时，要注意使用。expensive与high涉及到价格“高”，而cheap 与low涉及到价格“低”。
(1)expensive昂贵的，花钱多的。这个单词若谈到“价格高，货贵”时，其主语不能是价格，必须是货物、物品本身。如：
This watch is expensive.这只表很贵。
These glass-products are not expensive.这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。注意：cheap表示“价廉”，“便宜的”，其主语也不能是价格，必须是物品本身。如：
The cheap table was bought from him.这张便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的。This cloth doll is very cheap.这只布娃娃很便宜。
(2)high在表示价格时，含义是“高”，low在表示价格时，含义是“低”，这两个 词不能用于物品本身，只 能用在价格上。如：
The price of this watch is very high.这只表的价格太高了。
The price of this book is not low for me.这本书的价格对我来说是不低。下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照：
The price of this computer is expensive.(宜改为：This computer is expensive.或The price of this computer is high.)The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.(宜改为：This pen is not cheap for him to buy.或 The price of this pen is not low for him.)5.alone/ lonely
lonely 与alone的意思比较接近，但在使用时有所区别：
(1)lonely用作形容词，意思是“孤单的；寂寞的”。可指心灵上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语，也可作定语。
(2)alone 可作形容词和副词，意思是“单独；独自”，不指心理上寂寞的感觉。She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.她被带到一个荒岛上，自己居住，但她从不感到寂寞。6.before long/ long before(1)before long 作“不久以后”讲，切不要按字面译为“长时间以前”或“好久以前”。如：
We hope to finish our experiment before long.我们希望不久（以后）就把实验做完。(2)long before 作“很久以前”讲。原意为“„„以前很久”，故也可译为“老早”。long before 跟before long
不同，前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句；当上下文明确时，名词或从句还可以省略。Before long 则没有上述搭配用法。
They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.我们昨天开始做实验，但我们在那以前很久就已经做准备了。7.as/ when/ while(1)as 是连词，意思是“当„„的时候，一面„„一面”，（强调同时，一般连续时间不长），如：
As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.正当我们谈论“泰坦尼克号”这部电影时，教师进来了。
The students sing as they go along.学生们边走边唱。
(2)When和as一样都是连词，注意它们的不同。如when“当„„的时候”（一般表示动作紧接着发生）；
“那时”（等立连词，前有逗号分开）
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain.我一直呆到太阳下山，那时天开始下雨了。
(3)while是“当„„时候；和„„同时”（强调同时发生，一般连续时间较长）While I was watching TV, he was reading.当我在看电视的时候，他正在看书。
While there is life, there is hope.有生命就有希望。
8.beat/win/ hit
(1)beat 是动词，意思是“连续地打;打败;敲打”。beat后可接人或队名。意思是“击败对手。”如：
I can beat you at swimming.(2)win意思是“赢得某个项目”，后面常接“match, game”。如： He won a game.他胜一局。
We won a match.我们比赛得胜。
(3)hit意思是“击中”（有时可表示“打一下”）。如：
The mother hit her child out of anger.妈妈生气，打了她孩子一下。9.keep doing/keep on doing(1)keep doing侧重表示“持续不停地做某事”或“持续某种状态”。如：
The girl kept crying all the time.那个女孩一直在哭。
The baby kept sleeping about four hours.这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时。
(2)keep on doing 表示“总不断做某事”，不表示静止状态。不能与sitting, sleeping, lying, standing这类 词连用。如：
It kept on raining for seven days.Don't keep on asking such silly questions.10.get/ turn/ become 这三个词都可作系动词用，表示状态的变化，后跟表语，但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、气候和环境的变化；turn强调色彩的变化；而become则强调职务、职称等的变化。如：
The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter．冬天的白天越来越短。She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red．她回答不出问题，脸红了。
When did you become a teacher?-Ten years ago.你什么时候当的老师？十年前。
11.steal / rob 从意思上讲steal表示偷窃的意思。而rob表示抢劫的意思；从搭配上来讲，steal sth from sb/sth 而rob则用rob sb/sth of sth;例如： He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.They robbed the bank of one million dollars.12.see/look/watch/notice 在英语中，see，look，watch，notice都有“看”的意思，要注意他们的区别。see意为“看到”，表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体，强调“看到”的结果。
look意为“看”，表示有意识地观看，强调“看”的动作。watch意为“观看，注视”，指以较大的注意力观看。
notice意为“看到，注意到”，指有意识的注意，含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。例如：
What can you see in the picture？在图画中你能看到什么？ Look!How happily they are playing！看！他们玩得多高兴啊！He’s watched TV for over two hours．他看了两个多小时的电视。
He noticed a purse lying on the road．他注意到地上有个钱包。13.Shoot/ shoot at shoot是及物动词，意思是“射中，射死”，宾语多为人或动物等。而shoot at是一个动词词组，意为“向„„射击”，至于射中或射死与否不得而知。如： The man shot five birds in the forest．那个人在森林里射死（中）了五只鸟。
The hunter shot at the bear．猎人朝熊射击了。
They shot at the she－wolf，but didn't shoot her．他们向那只母狼射击，但是没有射中／死。14.escape/ run away(1)escape作“逃跑”、“逃脱”或“逃避”讲时，往往会有成功之意。如： The old man escaped death．那个老人死里逃生。The thief escaped from prison．那个小偷越狱了。
(2)run away作“逃跑”、“跑走”讲时，往往强调动作。如： Don't let him run away． 别让他跑了。口语中escape和run away可以互用。15.so that..../ so...that....(1)so that....为了，以便。引导一个目的状语从句，从句中往往有情态动词。也可引导一个结果状语从句。如：
I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say.He didn't study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.(2)so...that....既可引导一个结果状语从句，也可引导一个目的状语从句。如：The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study.I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在： 1.过去将来时；
2.过去完成时； 3.动词不定式； 4.定语从句；
5.本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型； 6.本单元学过的交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。【中考范例】
1.(2004年济宁市中考试题)
He wanted to know ______________.A.whether he speaks at the meeting
B.when the meeting would start B.what he’s going to do at the meeting
D.where would the meeting be held 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。因为主句的时态是一般过去时，所以从句应用过去将来时，这就排除了A和B。宾语从句的时态应该 是陈述句的语序，所以只有B是对的。2.(2004年烟台市中考试题)
---Why didn’t you go to the movie yesterday?
---Because I ___________ it before.A.had watched
B.have seen
C.have watched
D.had seen 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是动词的搭配以及现在完成时和过去完成时的用法区别。看电影习惯商用see a movie, 又因为说的昨天以前发生的事情，应该用过去完成时。只有D正确。3.(2004年重庆市中考试题)
---Did you win the football game?
---Bad luck.Our team __________ in the final one.A.won
B.beat
C.was won
D.was beaten 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是动词搭配和动词的语态。动词win通常和比赛一类的词连用，不与人或队连用，因此可以排除A和C。beat是个及物动词，既然我们的运气不好，就是输了，应该用被动语态。4.(2004年广州市中考试题)
---Who is the man ________ was talking to our English teacher?
---Oh!It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A.he
B.that
C.whom
D.which 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句关系代词的选择。由于先行词是人，可以排除A和D。而该词在定语从句中作主语，只有B合适。
第二篇：it的语法讲解
一、It 用作形式主语当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用...一、It 用作形式主语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
e.g.It is wrong to tell a lie.(说谎是错误的。)〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕 It is no use arguing about it.(争吵是没用的。)〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕 It is uncertain who will come.(谁要来还不确定。)〔It为who will come的形式主语〕 It 作形式主语的常见句型：
① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth./ doing / that ….e.g.It is very important to learn a foreign language.(学一门外语非常重要。)It is useless crying over the spilt milk.(覆水难收。)It was really surprising that she married a man like that.(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。)② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that ….e.g.It is no good telling lies.(撒谎没好处。)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday.(你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。)It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party.(没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。)③ It + be + 过去分词 + that ….该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc.e.g.It is said that they have invented a new type of computer.(据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。)It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.(大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。)It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.(据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。)④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that ….e.g.It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much.(似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。)It appears that Tom might change his mind.(看来汤姆可能会改变主意。)⑤ 若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。e.g.Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow?(他们明天不来很重要吗？)Is it true that he will go abroad next week?(他下周出国是真的吗？)⑥ It + takes +(sb.)+ some time + to do sth.这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。
e.g.It took me some time to read the reading materials.(我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。)It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane.(从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。)How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train?(从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间？)I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there.(我不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。)
二、It 用作形式宾语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语：
① 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）；
e.g.They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.（他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。）
I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.（我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。）He makes it a rule never to borrow money.（他立志决不向别人借钱。）
I think it no need talking about it with them.（我认为没必要跟他们谈。）
② 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；
e.g.I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.（我不喜欢他那么懒惰。）
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.（我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。）
③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语； e.g.You may depend on it that we shall always help you.（尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。）
Would you see to it that she gets home early?（你负责保证她早到家，好吗？）He insisted on it that he was innocent.（他坚持说自己是无辜的。）
④ 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。
e.g.I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.（我让你自己判断这事是否该做。）
We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.（多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。）试比较下列高考题，选出最佳答案：
1.Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day?(MET89)A.this B.that C.it D.he 2.I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work..(MET90)A.this B.that C.its D.it 3.Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?(MET91)A.this B.that C.he D.it 4.Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _______ didn’t help.(MET93)
A.he B.which C.she D.it 5._______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(MET95)A.There B.This C.That D.It 6.I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full.(MET98)A.it B.that C.these D.them 7.Don98)A.take as granted B.take this for granted C.take that for granted D.take it for granted 8.I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(MET2004)A.this B.that C.it D.one 模拟练习：
1._______ happened _______ he is unfit for the office.A.This;that B.That;that C.It;that D.He;that 2.We took _______ for granted that they would accept our advice.A.that B.this C.it D.them 3._______ that the scientist will give us a talk next month? A.Is true B.Is it true C.It’s true D.It’s truly
4._______ doesn’t matter much _______ dress you are going to wear.A.This;that B.That;who C.It;which D.It;who 5._______ is going to America for further study.A.He is said that B.People said that he C.It was said he D.It is said that he 6.They are good friends._______ is no wonder that they know each other so well.A.This B.That C.There D.It 7.Is _______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A.this B.there C.that D.it 8.She liked _______ when he kissed her.A.him B.that C.one D.it 9._______ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.A.It B.There C.Those D.One 10.We think _______ our duty to pay taxes to our government.A.that B.this C.its D.it Key: 高考真题: 1-8 CDDDDADC 模拟练习: 1-5 CCBCD 6-10 DDDAD
第三篇：小学语法知识讲解
园丁教育 英语、数学培训 因为专业，所以精彩！
小学4、5、6年级语法知识讲解
一.否定句的改法：
1.先找Be动词（am、is、are）和情态动词（can、should、may、shall、would）
2.找到了则在Be动词或者情态动词后面直接加not；其他部分不变照抄。
3.没有找到，则要请助动词（don’t、doesn’t）来帮忙，把助动词放在主语（一般是人或物）的后面，动词前面。后面的动词要变原形，其他部分不变照抄。
4.如果句子中有some要变成any。
二、一般疑问句的改法：
1.先找Be动词（am、is、are）和情态动词（can、should、may、shall、would）
2.找到了则把Be动词或者情态动词放在句首大写，其他部分不变照抄，句首要大写变小写。
3.没有找到，则要请助动词do、does来帮忙，把助动词大写放在句首，句子中的动词变成原形，其他部分不变，照抄。
4.如果句子中中有some要变成any，有I和we要变成you，my和our要变成your。
5.最后一定要牢记，把句号改成问号。
三、对划线部分提问的一般步骤：
1.根据划线部分，确定特殊疑问词，放在句首大写：
A、基本特殊疑问词：
what-对事物进行提问、where-对地点进行提问、when-对时间进行提问、which-对那一个进行提问，或者选择性提问、who-对人进行提问、whose-对谁的进行提问或者说对名词所有格或形容词性物主代词进行提问、why-对原因进行提问、how-对方式方法进行提问
B、合成特殊疑问词：
常见的基本疑问词+形容词或副词构成特殊疑问词的形式：
a.How+形容词或副词：
how many-对数量进行提问、how much-对钱进行提问、how old-对年龄进行提问、how long-对长度进行提问 how tall 对高度提问、how often 对频率进行提问，多次时间一次 b.what+形容词或者副词
what time 对具体的时间进行提问、what subject（s）-对课程进行提问、what lessons-对课进行提问、what colour-对颜色进行提问、c.which + 名词
which boy-对哪一个男孩进行提问、which man-对那一个男人进行提问……
2.把原句改成一般疑问句：
3.划掉划线部分，把剩下的部分放在特殊疑问词后面，句号变问号，大写变小写。
4.注意：如果划线部分是主语，则要用到合成疑问词补足主语。
四、那些地方会出现动词原形：
1.助动词后面+动原2.情态动词后面+动原3.let’s 后面+动原
4.动词不定式to 后面+动原5.祈使句中用动原6.不是三单的一般现在时用动原
五、人称代词宾格用法；
1.动词后人称代词用宾格2.介词后人称代词用宾格
六、部分介词：
in 在…里面on 在…上面under 在…下面behind 在…后面 beside 在…旁边next to 紧靠… near在…附近in front of、in the front of 在…前面
园丁教育 英语、数学培训 因为专业，所以精彩！4、5、6年级专项练习
一、陈述句变一般疑问句
1.His father is an English teacher.___________________________________________ ?
2.These cats are crying.（喊叫）___________________________________________ ?
3.They can swim.___________________________________________ ?
4.I like to read（阅读）English.___________________________________________ ?
5.I go to school on foot.（走路）___________________________________________ ?
6.He is crying（哭）under the tree.___________________________________________ ?
7.He goes to school every day.___________________________________________ ?
8.Everybody is in the classroom.___________________________________________ ?
9.Joy has a small T-shirt.____________________________________________ ?
10.These are my grandparents.____________________________________________ ?
11.My parents can play tennis.____________________________________________ ?
二、改否定句
1.His father is an English teacher._______________________________.2.These cats are crying.（喊叫）___________________________________.3.They can swim.____________________________________________.4.I like to read（阅读）English._____________________________________.5.I go to school on foot.（走路）________________________________________.6.He likes English.___________________________________________.7.His father goes to work by bus.（乘公共汽车）____________________________.8.He is crying（哭）under the tree.__________________________________.10.We are from China.____________________________________.11.He often goes to the library（图书馆）on Sundays._______________________.12.They have a class meeting every week.________________________________.13.She does her homework.__________________________________.14.He often watches TV.___________________________________.三、对划线部分提问：
1根据汉语提示，将句子所缺部分写完整，每空一词。
1._______ _______is your teacher?I don’t know.(多高)
2._______ _______ is the picture on the wall? It’s red.（什么颜色）
3._______ _______ do you get up every day?At 6:30.（几点）
4._______ _______ books do you have?Fifteen.（多少）
5._______ _______are you in?I’m in Class 3, Grade 8.（几班）
6._______ _______dose she take a shower?Twice a week.（多久一次）
7._______ _______will you stay here?For seven days.（多长时间）
8._______ _______is the T-shirt? It’s 50 yuan.（多少钱）
第四篇：高中语法填空讲解
语法填空十三条解题技巧
一、已给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。
技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例1：There are many students living at school, the＿＿(child)houses are all far from school.由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格ehildren's。
技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化（时态、语态、语气），有非谓语的变化（不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词）。
例2：Atalk＿＿(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词（主格和宾格）、物主代词（形容词性和名词性）、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one/none、other/another等。
例3：The king decided to see the painter by＿＿(he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。
技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀-er和-est，或在词前加more/less和most/least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。
例4：I am＿＿(tall)than Liu Wen.He is the tallest students in my class.此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀-teen、-ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one/two的特殊变化形式once/twice。
例5：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses.My eldest son shall take a half, my second son shall take a＿＿(three)...从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填人作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。
技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的 掌握。
例6：Lious lost his wallet yesterday, so he was very＿＿(happiness).在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词，由此可知将happiness还原成词根happy；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un-，就成了unhappy。
二、未给单词提示题型的技巧
此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。
技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。
例7：The children were playing on the ground, enjoying＿＿,dirty but happy.从句中的happy可以猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。
例8：His boss was＿＿angry as to fire him.如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to，所以，so是正解。
技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。
例9：He did not do＿＿his father had asked him to do.审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是 what。
例10: Those＿＿want to go to the village must sign here.经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who。
技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
例11：The US consists＿＿fifty states.根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由„„组成”，所以答案是of。
例12：Mrs Baker was ill, so her daughter had to ask for leave to take＿＿of her.生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。
技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合起介词作用的短语，如：except for, due to等。
例13：Mr Smith took a plane to London＿＿of taking a train.此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐„„而不是坐„„”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。
例14：Just then, he saw a blackboard in＿＿of him.细心观察，可以看出填入front即可构成in front of，此题得解。
技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and, or, but, so, for, while等，常用的关联短语有both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also等。
例15：Little Wang Jun could not go to school, ＿＿his family was too poor.此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。
例16：＿＿Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.横线处的词与后面可以构成both...and，故答案为Both。
技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等，但一般不会考查-ly形式的方式副词（见技巧六——形容词派生副词的情况）。
例17：Jackie likes to drive at＿＿high speed.这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。
例18：Old Tom's grand-danghter used to visit him＿＿Saturday afternoon.Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。
例19：Though Liu Qiang did the same work＿＿Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay＿＿Zhang
第一条横线可由前面的the sanle判断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower判断出比较意义，故答案为than。
例20：It was only one day left,＿＿,his father had no idea to answer him.观察技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文；关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。
答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的，地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。
例21：Tony＿＿travelling abroad, but dislikes staying home watching TV.由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。
语法填空作为一种新颖的题型，能全面地考查学生的英语综合应用能力。上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，在高考备考复习中能起到很好的加强作用，真正做到事半功倍，较大地提高学生在此题型上的得分率。
第五篇：状语从句语法讲解
高中英语状语从句
一、定义：
在句中作状语的从句是状语从句,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等.状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,状语从句放在句首时,要用逗号,放在句尾时不用.二、分类
根据意义上的不同,状语从句可分为：①时间状语从句 ②地点状语从句 ③原因状语从句④目的状语从句 ⑤条件状语从句 ⑥结果状语从句⑦让步状语从句 ⑧方式状语从句 ⑨比较状语从句
三、时间状语从句主句是一般将来时,时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来；主句是过去将来时,从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时；主句是一般过去时,从句用一般过去时.记忆：“主将从现”
（一）引导时间状语从句的连词有：As, when(whenever), before, after, as soon as, until(till), since, every time, once.（二）、具体应用1）“while” 主、从句动作或状态同时发生.用while引导的从句用延续性动词,常表示较长的时间或一个过程.记忆：While 后用进行时.While we were having supper, all the lights went out.Please keep quiet while others are studying.While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV.2）When表示“就在„„的时候”, while意为反而,可是,表示转折.One evening Beethoven was walking in a street, when he suddenly stopped outside a little house.3）Whenever 无论什么时候,随时
1.Whenever someone throws in some rubbish, the truck produces a piece of music.每当有人扔进一些垃圾时,它（汽车）就放一段音乐.2.Whenever we’re in trouble, they will help us.3.I go to the theatre, whenever I am free.4.Come and see me whenever you want to.你随时来看我.4）till和until(表示“直到„„”)句首多用until
1、在肯定句中表示“直到„„为止”,主句谓语动词要用延续性动词.I was waiting until/till he arrived.2、在否定句中表示“直到„„才”主句谓语动词常用终止性动词,这时until和till常被before替换.I didn' t leave till/until she came back.5）since: 主句用完成时,从句用一般过去时,since引导的从句间或可用现在完成时.It is two years since I have studied English.1.We have known each other since we were children.2.We have been friends(ever since)since we met at school.3.It is „„(一段时间)+since+一般过去时态句子.It is two years since my sister married.„„(一段时间)have/has passed since +一般过去时态句子 Two sisters have/has passed since my sister married.Since+时间点
1.I have been at home since three o' clock this afternoon.2.Maria has been in China since two years ago.6）Every time, each time, next time Every time you get back at night, you drop your boots on the floor.Every time I catch cold, I have pain in my back.Next time I go there, I will visit them.7）once 一旦„就
Once you begin, you must go on.你一开了头,就应该继续下去.四、地点状语从句
地点状语从句用where, wherever引导
We should go where the people need us.我们应该去人民需要我们的地方.Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者,事竟成.Wherever they went, they received a worm welcome.无论他们走到哪儿都受到热烈欢迎.She follow him whose he goes.他无论到哪里她总跟着.五、原因状语从句
原因状语从句用because(因为),since(既然), as(由于)引导
1、字母由多到少,语气由强到弱.2、由why提问必须用because回答.Since, as不回答why的提问,而且从句一般放在句首,because一般放在主句之后.3、before of +名词
Because of the rain, we didn' t go to the park.4、because 和so不可连用,只能选其一.（另有although, but）Why didn' t he come to school? Because he was ill.Since I must die, I must.既然我一定要死,我一定这样做.Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr Smith wanted to give John a Chance.5、for并列连词,不能放在句首,主要放在两个并列句之间.For所提供的理由为一个补充说明,而且前面常有逗号隔开.The days we short, for it is December now.六、目的状语从句 目的状语从句用so(常用于口语), that, so that, in order that引导
目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词.1.We'll sit never to the front so we can hear well.2.He studied hard so that he might succeed.3.I'll speak slowly so that you can take notes.4.They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train.5.I took a taxi so that I could get there earlier.6.I’m going to the lecture early so that I may get a good seat.七、条件状语从句
条件状语从句由if, unless,(so)as long as(只需)引导
在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时（与时间状语从句相同）
We will miss the train if you don' t hurry.He said we would miss the train if we didn't hurry.You will fail the exam unless you study hard.=(if you don’t study hard)He won’t come unless he is invited.=(if he isn't invited)Eat less food unless you want to become fatter.=(if you don’t want to become better)As long as you are not afraid of difficulties, you are sure to succeed.As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.八、结果状语从句
结果状语从句由such„that, so„.that, so that, that 引导 1.Such„ that 的常用句型
such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+that such +形容词+可数名词单数+that Such+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that
注意so many(much, few, little)+名词,such a lot of(或lots of)+名词是惯用法,不可乱用.She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.They were such beautiful flower that we bought home.It was such delicious food that they ate it up.2.so+形容词或副词+that so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that He is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself.He works so hard that he did everything well.It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.It was such a good day that we all went swimming.3.so that, that都可以引导结果状语从句
He didn't study hard,(so)that he failed the exam.4.Too„to, enough„to 可以引导结果状语从句与so„that 替换,so„that结构可以用too„to替换必须具备两个条件,一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致,二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有can(could)not.She is young that she can’t go to school.She is too young to go to school.She isn't old enough to go to school.九、让步状语从句 although, though even though = even if, whether„or however = no matter how whatever = no matter what whoever = no matter who whenever = no matter when wherever = no matter where
*although和though都表示“虽然”只是although 更正式,多用于句首,而though用于句中,二者都可与yet, still连用,但不与but连用
Although/Though they are poor, they often help others.They are poor, but they often help others.Although he has failed many times, he doesn' t give up trying.Whatever/No matter what you say, I won' t believe you.No matter what you say, I don' t care.No matter who you are, you must obey the rules of our school.However hard he tried, he failed again.No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out riding the waves.十、方式状语从句
方式状语从句由as(如同,按照),as if(though)引导
*as和like都有“像”的意思,as是连词,后面连接句子,like是介词后面可加名词、代词或名词性短语.I did the work as others did.相当于 I did like others.You must do as I do.as if(though)两者意义相同,从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气,但实现可能性较大,则用连接词.It seems as if/though it’s going to rain.They are talking as if/though they were old friends.She treats me as if I were her brother.When you are in home,do as the Romans do.例 You must do ______ I told you.A.after B.before C.where D.as(D)The students must do ______ the teacher told them.A.as B.before C.after D.if(A)
十一、比较状语从句
比较状语从句由as„as, not as(so)„as, than, the+比较级,the+比较级引导 He swims as well as you.(do)He doesn' t swim as well as you(do).He got here earlier than you.(did)The busier he is, the happier he feels.英语语法状语从句类型综述状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语.一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式.尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难.状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点.现分别列举如下: 1．时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner „ than, hardly „when, scarcely „ when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园)the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2．地点状语从句
常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3．原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, since
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4．目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5．结果状语从句
常用引导词：so „ that, so„ that, such „ that，特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that，He got up so early that he caught the first bus.It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.6．条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless，特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7．让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while(一般用在句首),no matter „, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.尽管我很尊敬他,我却不同意他的建议.The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He won’t listen whatever you may say.8．比较状语从句 常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more „ the more „;just as „, so„;A is to B what /as X is to Y;no „ more than;not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人,犹如油之于机器.9．方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if, how
特殊引导词：the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.英语语法状语从句
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