第一篇:综英2,5,6,8,10,12单元text A译文
课文参考译文unit2 Text A
交通污染与心脏病致死有关联?
1一项新的研究表明,居住在交通密度大的地段附近的中年人及年纪较大的人死于心脏病的可能性较高,但如果他们搬到交通不那么繁忙的地区,这一几率就可能下降。
2研究者说,此项发现并没有证明交通污染是高心脏病死亡率的直接原因,但的确为车辆污染物和心脏病致死之间的联系提供了更多证据。
3美国心脏病协会五月份公布的一份报告中指出,近期各项研究都极大地证明由交通,工业和发电导致的空气污染是引起心脏病、中风及其他心血管疾病所致的死亡的一个危险因素。
4大量的证据都指向燃烧汽油及其他矿物燃料所产生的称作细颗粒物的微粒。
5美国心脏病协会建议已患心脏病及其他疾病的高危人群——包括老年人和有糖尿病、高血压等潜在心脏病危险的人——尽量不要到交通拥挤的道路上去,同时也应尽量在空气质量较差的白天减少外出。
6最近的这一次研究结果是加拿大温哥华英属哥伦比亚大学的学者分析了超过四十五万名四十五至八十五岁之间的温哥华居民得出的。
7他们发现近九年来,长期居住在离公路五百英尺或离主干道一百六十五英尺范围内的居民比那些住在远离高密度交通路段的人更容易死于心脏病。
8但关于交通和心脏病死亡的关系,研究者发现了“两个新变化”,英属哥伦比亚大学环境卫生专业的教授,高级研究员迈克尔·布劳尔博士解释说。
9那就是,在研究期间搬离高密度交通地段的人心脏病死亡的几率会降低,而那些搬到靠近交通拥挤路段的人此项危险会升高。
10“这有点儿像我们在戒烟研究中看到的,”布劳尔在一次采访中说,“与长期持续吸烟者相比,那些已经戒烟的人患相关疾病的几率要低一些。”
11配合这次研究的居民有四十五万零二百八十三人,都在中年或以上年龄,事先并不知道自己有否心脏疾病。其中将近五万三千人在九年的研究期间一直居住在离公路五百英尺或离主干道一百六十五英尺范围内。
12在这些居民中,有六百零七人,也就是超过百分之一的人在研究期间死于心脏病。而那些住得离交通路段较远的三十二万八千多人中只有百分之零点七的人死于心脏病。
13研究者还找到一些可以解释主干道附近的生活和高心脏病死亡率之间的关系的其他因素,包括居民的年龄,周边人群的收入水平,糖尿病情况或肺部疾病情况等。
14他们发现生活在公路或主干道附近的确会比生活在更偏远的地方高百分之二十九的几率更容易因心脏病死亡。无论搬离还是搬进靠近主干道的地区,心脏病死亡几率都会升高,但相比长期居住在交通拥挤地段的居民,死亡几率还是相对较低。
15此外,研究者还用空气污染数据证明居住在公路和主干道附近的居民会暴露在更高水平的颗粒物质、二氧化氮及其它交通污染物中。
16但研究没有证明空气污染是高心脏病死亡风险的直接原因。布劳尔说交通噪音等或许也是因素之一。而且,研究者并不了解增加心脏病危险的一些关键因素,如人们的吸烟习惯,体重等。
17尽管如此,布劳尔又指出,大量的研究都表明在空气污染中的暴露度和心脏病致死有关联,而且,有证据表明交通污染也许就是一个重要的危险因素。
18布劳尔说,一个“重要的问题”是暴露在空气污染物中是否和心脏病的初期发展有所关联,或者说,这种关联是否仅能在已有心脏问题的居民身上得到体现。19研究人员确信空气污染物可能在脆弱人群中引发心脏病发作,中风或其他心血管问题,因为它们会引起血管发炎,刺激肺部神经。
20布劳尔建议人们把交通污染看作引发心脏病危险的众多因素之一,这些因素包括锻炼及饮食习惯,吸烟习惯,还有类似糖尿病、高血压、高胆固醇等可能存在的健康问题等。
21他还特别指出,住在主干道附近并不意味着就一定会得心脏病,同时,住在交通密度低的地方也不意味着你就可以放松警惕,忽视健康的生活方式。
课文参考译文: unit5 Text A
白宫里的特别“居民”
1宠物长久以来都陪伴着我们的总统:从乔治·华盛顿的马到比尔·克林顿的狗和小猫,这些无需通过选举就能入住白宫的“居民”成了第一家庭里最受欢迎的成员。
2除了对于小动物的热爱,我们的第十六届总统——阿拉伯罕·林肯同样因他的爱心而出名。他允许他的儿子——泰德和威利——随心所欲地在白宫里饲养为数众多的动物,其结果就是一个动物园:兔子、火鸡、马,甚至还有两头山羊——纳尼和兰科。实际上,纳尼和兰科甚至和总统一起乘坐过总统马车。而在林肯就任时期的白宫里,还有一只特殊的动物——火鸡。最初,杰克原本是出现在总统的菜单上的,但泰德喜欢上了这只小动物并且祈求他的父亲赦免了杰克。林肯动了怜悯之心,于是,杰克就成了总统家庭的一份子。1864年的大选日正值内战逐步逼近华盛顿特区之时,人们在白宫的空地上设了一个特殊的亭子供附近站岗的士兵投票。正当林肯总统、他的私人秘书诺亚·布鲁克斯和泰德在楼上的窗户观看这一情形时,他们看到杰克大摇大摆在选民之间走动。“为什么你的火鸡会在投票处?他也要投票吗?”林肯问他的儿子。“不,”泰德回答道,“它尚未达到法定年龄。”
3我们的第二十三任总统——本杰明·富兰克林给了他孙子不少的宠物。其中有一只名为“上帝的胡须”的山羊,它经常拖着一辆载着孩子的小车在白宫的草地上溜达。一天,总统正在白宫门前等候他的马车,“上帝的胡须”突然狂奔出白宫的大门,身后拖着载着孩子的小车。哈里森总统紧紧抓住他的大礼帽,舞动着他的手杖,沿着宾夕法尼亚大道一路追下去,但是山羊仍在狂跑。直到无数的华盛顿居民亲眼看到他们的总司令追逐逃跑的山羊车时,它才停下来。
4我们的第二十六任总统——西奥多·罗斯福于1901年上任。他带来了六个孩子和白宫有史以来最多的动物。总统孩子的宠物家族包括一头名为乔纳森·爱德华的小熊、一只叫做比尔的蜥蜴、一只名为“杜威上将”的天竺鼠、一头叫做莫德的猪、一只名叫乔赛亚的獾、一只名为伊莱·耶尔的蓝色金刚鹦鹉、一只叫做“斯普莱克男爵”的母鸡、一只仅剩一条腿的公鸡、一只鬣狗、一只枭鸟、一只名为彼得的兔子,以及名为阿尔冈昆的马驹等等。罗斯福总统和他的孩子一样喜欢这些宠物。阿尔冈昆十分受宠。有一次,总统的儿子阿奇卧病在床,他的兄弟克米特和昆汀试图用电梯把它带到房间里去,但阿尔冈昆对自己在电梯镜里影子十分着迷,导致兄弟俩很难将它从电梯里拉出来。
5昆汀曾一度在一家宠物店前驻足,并买下了四条蛇。然后,他把这些蛇带到正在白宫办公室主持一次重要会议的父亲看。当昆汀闯进来拥抱总统时,众位参议员和政党官员宽容地笑了笑。但当昆汀将蛇扔在桌子上时,众官员争着找安全的地方。这些蛇最终被捕获并迅速送回了宠物店。爱丽丝——昆汀的妹妹也养了一条名为艾米丽·菠菜的束带宠物蛇(“因为它和菠菜一样绿,和我的婶婶艾米丽一样瘦”)。
6总统家庭同样喜欢宠物狗。在他们众多的狗中,有一只名为皮特的杂交犬。因为它频频咬伤他人的腿,所以被驱逐出了罗斯福在长岛的家。爱丽丝有一只叫做“满族”的黑色小北京犬。这只狗是她在去远东的一次旅行中,清朝的末代皇后送给她的。爱丽丝一度宣称她看见“满族”沐浴在月光下,用后腿在白宫的草地上翩翩起舞。
7富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福在他繁忙的日程中常抽出时间拜访一位年轻的朋友和法拉。最出名的历届总统宠物之一便是富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福一直以来的伴侣——法拉。它是一只小型爱尔兰犬,是总统的表妹玛格丽特·萨克送的。她认为这只小狗可以在二战的艰难岁月中为总统缓解部分压力。法拉的全名是法拉·希尔的默里,源自罗斯福家族一位著名的先人。法拉几乎从未离开过总统左右。实际上,当罗斯福总统和温斯顿·丘吉尔于1941年在大西洋中部的美国奥古斯塔舰上签订《大西洋宪章》时,法拉正在那里陪着两位世界领导人。并且,在位于华盛顿的富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福总统的纪念碑旁,有一座法拉的塑像。它蹲在它最爱的伙伴——总统的塑像傍边。
8任何一场关于美国第一宠物的谈论都会提到约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪和他的家庭的宠物,否则这样的谈论就不完整。肯尼迪总统为白宫带来了一大群宠物,并且在他的任职期间,它们的数目还在不断上升。第一夫人杰奎琳·肯尼迪在白宫的西侧为孩子们专设了一块娱乐区,并为他们的狗、兔子、天竺鼠和小马设有生活区。其中最有名的是卡洛琳·肯尼迪的小马——马卡洛尼,它是由当时的副总统林顿·约翰逊赠送的。马卡洛尼收到了来自全世界孩子们的众多邮件。当白雪覆盖大地时,它会骄傲地用雪橇拉着总统的两个孩子在白宫的南草地上溜达。
课文参考译文:unit6 Text A
单凭以暴制暴不能打击恐怖活动
1在某种程度上,恐怖主义威胁似乎使国际社会认为,通过以暴制暴就可以打击恐怖主义。恐怖分子想要散布政治和心理恐惧,以暴制暴似乎是对付他们的合理方式。然而,问题是我们不能单凭武力来消除恐怖主义。定点清除只能消灭恐怖分子,不能消灭“恐怖主义的精神”,这种精神可以导致更多形式的恐怖主义。
2比如,自从美国在阿富汗和伊拉克发动反恐战争以来,美国政府已经作出了巨大的努力。它甚至迫使国际社会支持其“使命”。然而,尽管萨达姆·侯赛因已被处以绞刑,尽管阿富汗经历了政权更迭,恐怖主义依旧存在。
3美国政府已把恐怖主义列入其国家安全的最大威胁之一。为了打击恐怖主义,美国政府不仅在国内加强了安全检查,而且还在一些阿拉伯国家采取直接军事行动。然而,要消除这一真正的威胁,用以暴制暴的手段来打击恐怖主义是远远不够的。为了彻底消除恐怖主义,我们必须充分认识恐怖主义的根源。
4国际恐怖主义与全球化是紧密相连的。全球恐怖主义与传统的国家间战争不同。如今,大多数恐怖分子都是为宗教而战,而不是为国家或者个人利益而战。他们所采用的暴力手段是对西方世界的报复。
5让人感到吃惊的是,很多基地组织的主要成员都是各界精英,而不是来自贫穷的工人阶级。他们大多出生在富裕的家庭,接受过良好的西式教育。像奥萨马·本·拉登这样的人也许可以成为一名成功的商人,而他偏偏选择筹募资金来训练恐怖分子,袭击西方国家,并成为国家恐怖主义的根源。
6全球化可能使许多国家受益,但在西方世界以外的一些地区,人们都感到被它遗弃,是它的牺牲品。他们认为全球化威胁到他们的宗教和文化,对美国的文化和政策持敌对态度。此外,美国为满足自身利益而对一些国家的地方政治的干预使得一些弱势群体组织发动针对它的抵抗运动。所有这一切都促使恐怖分子的产生。
7那些成为或渴望成为恐怖分子的人一定经历过某种痛苦、磨难或是对西方国家感到愤怒。也许他们曾经因为他们的宗教或民族而受到歧视,这使他们要从不同的角度来看待政治现实。
8那些无助的人们往往转向宗教以寻求慰藉,其中一些人被卷入了恐怖主义。还有一些人之所以成为恐怖分子是因为他们符合恐怖主义的心理,哪怕他们连自己的“敌人”是谁都不知道。
9, 9.11恐怖袭击以后,恐怖分子的袭击活动变得越来越难以琢磨。面对以暴制暴,恐怖分子认为放弃武器是个错误。这表明以暴制暴只是加深了恐怖分子的仇恨和强化了他们复仇的决心。于是,为了消除恐怖主义,理解人们加入恐怖组织的动机并采取措施防止其他人重蹈覆辙是很重要的。
10由于缺乏这种努力,美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马在埃及关于美国和阿拉伯国家之间的和平与相互信任的呼吁就成了一厢情愿的想法。在开罗,奥巴马说美国是一个多种族的熔炉,阿拉伯人民和美国人民在许多不同领域都应该合作。但他没有说为什么恐怖分子对西方国家怀恨在心。一面呼吁和平又一面采取军事行动,这让奥巴马的话毫无意义。在阿拉伯世界,奥巴马也许是个受欢迎的人,但要让阿拉伯人民接受他所代表的西方世界却并非易事。
11为了彻底消除恐怖主义,解决宗教和文化冲突似乎变得比解决经济问题更为重要。普世主义是西方在非西方世界启动许多改革方案的主要动机之一。然而,非西方国家是否甘愿接受这些“改革”还值得商榷。在普世主义和实用主义的双重压力下,要在国际层面实现种族和谐是困难的。
12一般来说,要实现和谐,相互容忍、沟通和理解是必要的。但这一切只能保证渠道的畅通,至于能否产生积极影响还是个问题。此外,冲突涉及到复杂的政治利益,这使得国际社会要消除根深蒂固的偏见变得尤为困难。
13我们最好更加强调长期的、灵活的措施,而不仅仅只是依靠军队来打击恐怖主义。原因很简单:要消灭敌人容易,但要消除敌人的仇恨却很难,这种仇恨会在他们中间蔓延。因此,要消除恐怖主义,我们应该在军事力量和公众外交之间寻求平衡。我们首先要探究如何消除仇恨,增强相互交流的积极情感。如果我们重点依靠强硬措施来打击恐怖主义,那么我们只能获得暂时的、有时甚至是消极的安全。要消除非传统的恐怖主义,传统的军事措施是远远不够的。
课文参考译文unit8 Text A
失败的额外收益
1在今天这个愉快的日子,我们聚在一起来庆祝你们学业上的成功,我决定和你们谈谈失败的收益。另外,当你们就要步入“现实生活”时,我还想向你们颂扬想象力的重要性。
2我选择的这两个话题似乎如同堂吉诃德式幻想一样不切实际,或者显得荒谬,但是请容许我讲下去。
3我曾确信自己唯一想做的事情是写小说。但是我的父母都来自贫穷的家庭,都没上过大学,他们认为我异常活跃的想象力只是滑稽的个人怪癖,并不能用来付抵押贷款,或确保得到养老金。
4他们希望我去拿一个职业文凭,而我则想读英国文学。最后我们达成了一个现在回想起来双方都不甚满意的妥协:我改学现代语言。父母的车刚刚转过街角,我便放弃了德语,转而奔向古典文学的长廊里了。
5我想顺带说明一下,我并没有因为父母的观点而抱怨他们。现在已经不是抱怨父母引导自己走错方向的时候了,当你已经长大到能决定自己前进路程的年龄时,责任要靠自己承担。而且我也不能批评我的父母,他们是希望我能摆脱贫穷。他们以前遭受了贫穷,我也曾经贫穷过,对于他们认为贫穷并不高尚的观点我也坚决同意。贫穷会引起恐惧、压力,有时甚至是沮丧。这意味着小心眼、卑微和很多艰难困苦,通过自己的努力摆脱贫穷的确是件很值得自豪的事情,只有傻瓜才会对贫穷本身津津乐道呢。
6我在你们这个年龄的时候,最害怕的不是贫穷,而是失败。我还不至于那么愚钝,不会宣称你们可以凭借青春、天赋和良好的教育而免受苦难和挫折。天赋和智商从未能使任何人免于命运无常的折磨,我从来不认为这里有哪个人已经享有平静的恩典和满足。
7然而,你们能从哈佛毕业这个事实表明,你们对失败还不是很熟悉,对失败的恐惧与对成功的渴望可能对你们有相同的驱动力。确实,你们对于失败的了解可能与普通人印象中的成功差不了太多。你们在学业这方面的起点已经很高!
8我现在不是要站在这里和你们说失败很好玩。我生命的那段时间非常的灰暗,那时我还不知道我的书会被新闻界认为是童话故事的革命,我也不知道这段灰暗的日子要持续多久。很长一段时间里,任何出现的光芒都只是希望而不是现实。
9那么,我为什么还要谈论失败的收益呢?就是因为失败意味着和“非我”的脱离。失败后我找到了自我,不再装成另外的形象,我开始把所有的精力放在我唯一关心的工作上。如果我在其他方面成功过,我可能就不会具备要求自己在真正属于自己的领域里取得成功的决心。同时因为我已经经历过最大的恐惧,我变得更自在了。而且我还活着,我有一个深爱的女儿,有一台陈旧的打字机和一大把很棒的灵感。失败的低谷成了我重筑人生的坚实基础。
10失败给了我一种内心的安宁,我通过的任何一次测验考试都不能给我这样的安宁。失败让我认识自己,这些是没法从其他地方学到的。我发现自己有坚强的意志,而且自我控制能力也比我自己想像的还要强。我还发现了我拥有比红宝石更宝贵的朋友们。
11从挫折中获得的知识越充满智慧,越有力,你在以后的生存中就越安全。除非遭受磨难的考验,你无法真正认识自己,也无法真正了解你与朋友的关系有多深。这些知识才是真正的礼物,他们比我曾经获得的任何资格证书更为珍贵,因为这些是我经历过痛苦后才获得的。
12到了明天,即使你们不记得我说过的任何一个字,但我希望你们能记住塞内加,他是我当年从职业阶梯上撤回,逃往古典文学廊下寻找古人的智慧时遇到的另一个古罗马哲学家。他说过一句话:“生活如同小说,重要的不是长度,而是质量。”
我祝愿你们都有幸福的生活。谢谢大家。
课文参考译文:unit10 Text A
人类活动的新起源
——考古学家宣布在南非发现了约有七万年历史的工具和矛尖
1在南非海岸线边的悬崖岩洞中发现的远古时代的石器工具和矛尖似乎将现代人类活动出现的时间推向了更早些时候。2一支由考古学家和人类学家组成的、负责发掘一个名为布隆伯斯洞穴的国际队伍在本周发布的一项研究中描述了他们在至少有七万年历史的沙石沉积物中发现了工具和大量赭石的情形。赭石是一种矿物质,被广泛地用作为衣服和身体着色的颜料。
3亚利桑那州立大学的教授,同时也是作出此次发现的科考队中的一员——柯蒂斯·麦尔林指出,由赭石的出现而反映出来的手工制作、甚至在某些情况下可以打磨出“正式”工具的能力以及对于符号的运用,是将人类与他们的灵长类亲戚区分开来的活动之一。
4如果这些手工艺品如专家所料,和掩埋它们的沉积物的年代相匹配,那么研究人类活动进化的重中之重将从欧洲转至非洲。
5至今,位于欧洲大陆有着四万多年历史的遗址为追溯人类活动的现代性设置了一个基准。而这些人类则被认为是在大约五万年前从非洲迁徙出去的。
6“我们现在即将揭晓这一发现,” 麦尔林博士在凤凰城的科学写作促进委员会的一系列简报中说到。随着布隆伯斯洞穴和该地区不断发掘到的其它遗址中证据的出土,“我认为我们将发现这一模式是结论性的。”
7如果这样一个模式出现了,它可能开始平息长久以来的一场争论,即人类的活动到底是随着人类的生理进化而来,还是远在那之前就已成型。虽然就生理层面而言,现代人类出现在十到十五万年前,许多人都认为现代人类活动仅是在过去的四万年内才出现的。
8随着这一时期的化石记录的发现,这一争论日趋白热化。麦尔林说,在因拥有两百到两百五十个左右发掘完好的遗址而自豪的欧洲大陆,这些记录尤为丰富。到目前为止,非洲的记录至多只能说是模棱两可。因此,他强调道,人类活动的进化进程研究主要是建立在欧洲的证据基础上的。
9欧洲有着丰富的石灰石群落,里面由早期人类用作住所的洞穴。这些洞穴同样帮助保护甚至是石化早期居民的遗体。对于寻找遗址的科学家而言,翻过一座山头比踏上另一块大陆要更容易些,位于圣路易斯的华盛顿大学的人类学家埃里克·特林考斯如是说。但他同时说到,与之形成对比——在非洲人气最兴旺的地方,很多遗迹在地表就可以找到,但是却很难整理出他们的年代并建立联系。人类活动的远古线索
10在布隆伯斯洞的有机物质层下有一层保存完整的远古沙地,科学家在里面发掘出了这些手工制品。这就好像沙土层上加上了一道安全封印,以表明样品未被滑至更低层的、年代更短的手工制品所“污染”。因此,特林考斯博士说,这些手工制品被排在了同类的最高位置,成了“此时期象征符号的最佳范例”。
11由位于开普敦的南非博物馆的从属人类学家克里斯多佛·汉史伍德带领的这支研究队自从1991以来就在布隆伯斯洞穴遗址工作了。此次报道的发现主要是在1997年至2000年间发掘出来的。
12除了工具、矛尖和赭石,这个遗址同样为研究原居民的猎物种类——从大型鱼类、海豹、海豚到羚羊和水牛等等——提供了线索。
13如果这些发现表明现代人类活动的出现比以前相信的要早得多时,那么人类活动是怎样传播开来的这一问题则有待商榷。研究人士说,现代人类被认为在大约五万年前从非洲迁移到了欧亚大陆。布隆伯斯洞里的证据表明他们在活动和生理层面都是以现代人的样子一路向北进发的。证据在非洲
14对于特林考斯而言,这一发现进一步加强了现代人类活动是在漫长的时间中通过一种不断拼凑融合的方式而产生的想法。
15但是无论此类活动是如何出现的,对于记载其兴起的证据的追溯似乎将目光转向了南非。16“我们需要抛弃以欧洲为中心的方式,” 麦尔林说道,“我们不能根据我们对于欧亚大陆的认知来定义非洲记录的特点。我们需要为非洲做出一种经验主义的记录,由此才可能以其本来的方式来定义这一模式。”
课文参考译文: unit12 Text A
零售店
1零售店种类繁多,规模不一,而且新的零售形式还在不断涌现。它们可以根据几种特征进行分类,如提供的服务数量、产品种类的深度和广度、收取的相对价格及组织方式等等。
2不同的商品要求数量不等的服务,并且顾客的服务偏好也各不相同。因此,零售商可能提供以下三个服务层次中的一种:自助服务、有限服务和全方位服务。
3同样,也可以根据产品组合对零售商进行分类。一些诸如专卖店之类的零售商虽然只提供有限的产品种类,但却会在其内部进行深层次的产品组合。时至今日,专卖店正在遍地开花。市场细分、目标市场选择和产品专业化的不断运用导致人们需要更多的专注于特定产品和市场份额的商铺。
4相比之下,百货公司则提供了范围广阔、样式繁多的产品种类。近年来,百货公司受到了来自更加专注和灵活的专卖店及更高效、更低定价的折扣店的双重夹击。作为回应,许多百货公司采取了促销定价的方式来应对折扣的挑战,而另外一些则启用了自有品牌和单一品牌“设计师店铺”来和专卖店竞争,还有一些正在尝试邮购、电话和网络销售。服务仍然是最关键的区分要素。一些像诺思壮、萨克斯、内曼•马库斯之类和其他高端的百货商店通过强调高品质服务已经在这方面取得了斐然的成绩。
5超市是顾客最常逛的零售店铺,但是,现在它们的销售额增长却在减缓,其原因一是人口增长放缓,二是来自便利店、折扣食品店和大型超级市场日益激烈的竞争。超市还受到了快速增长的外出就餐趋势的重击。
6因此,绝大多数超市都做出了改进,以招揽更多的顾客。在争取食品销售份额的战役中,许多大型超市都提高了档次,提供现场制作的烘烤食品、美味的熟食柜台和新鲜的海鲜部。另一些则压缩成本,建立更有效的运营并压低价格,以与折扣食品店进行更有效的竞争。最终,有些超市增添了网络销售服务。今天,有四分之一的杂货店在网上销售商品。根据弗雷斯特研究公司的估计,全美有18%的家庭会在线购买杂货,这一市场在2008年将增至174亿美元。
7便利店是那种提供有限品种但快速更新的便利商品的小店铺。去年,大约132000家美国便利店公布的销售总额为3370亿美元。超过60%的便利店收入来自汽油销售,超过50%的店内收入来自香烟和饮料销售。
8近年来,由于它的主要市场——年轻的蓝领人士——出现了收缩,便利店行业遭受了产能过剩的打击。结果,很多连锁店重新设计了店面来吸引女性顾客。它们摆脱了男性顾客买啤酒、香烟和杂志的“卡车车站”的形象,取而代之的是提供新鲜食品和一个更安全、更干净的购物环境。许多店还提供微观营销——根据每家店周围社区的特定需求来定制它的商品。例如,一家位于富裕社区的“就便”便利店出售新鲜的产品、美味的意粉酱、冰冻的依云水和昂贵的葡萄酒;而位于西班牙社区的“就便”便利店则提供西班牙语杂志和其它满足西班牙消费者特定需求的商品。
9大型超级市场比一般的超市要大,提供常销食品、非食物产品和服务等大型产品组合。沃尔玛、卡马特、塔基特以及其他折扣零售商设有特大购物中心、提供组合食品、还拥有强调交叉销售的折扣店。烤面包机就放在新烤面包货架之上,厨房小配件穿插摆放在产品之间,幼儿中心提供从婴儿食品到服装的一系列产品。特大购物中心在美国的年增长率是25%,而超市行业的只有1%。1988年设立了第一家特大购物中心的沃尔玛现在有1700多个特大购物中心,占其总量的70%以上。
10近几年,巨型特色专卖店也出现了爆炸式增长,这种专卖店提供的商品种类无所不包,戏称为“品种杀手”。它们使店铺具有飞机场的规模,拥有一群知识丰富的员工,对某一系列的产品进行深层次的组合。这种“品种杀手”常见于各个领域内,包括书籍、婴儿用品、玩具、电子产品、家装产品、床单和毛巾、聚会用品、体育用品,甚至是宠物用品等等。另一个特大购物中心的变体是特大超级市场,它们的面积也许有六个足球场那么大。虽然特大超级市场在欧洲和其他世界市场上取得了巨大的成功,它们在美国却遭遇了“滑铁卢”。
11最后,对于某些零售商而言,产品系列实际上是服务。服务零售商包括酒店和汽车旅馆、银行、航空公司、大专院校、医院、电影院、网球俱乐部、保龄球馆、餐馆、修理业、美发店和干洗店等等。在美国,服务零售商比产品零售商增长要快。
第二篇:综英复习资料
Unit One
恰到好处
你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗?只见他左敲敲,右敲敲,说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻,结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去,一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。差不多的词,不准确的短语,摸棱两可的表达,含糊不清的修饰,都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考,直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。
法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思,即“le mot juste”, 恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事,比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句子在表达上准确无误。在浩瀚的词海中,词与词之间有着微妙的区别,要找到能恰如其分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当大的词汇量的问题,还需要人们绞尽脑汁,要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤,也是详细描述我们的思想感情并表达出来使自己以及听众和读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说:“在我思想未成文之前,我怎么知道自己的想法?”这听起来似乎很离谱,但它确实很有道理。
寻找恰如其分的词的确是件不容易的事。一旦找到了那个词,我们就会感到很欣慰:辛劳得到了回报。准确地用语言有助于我们深入了解我们描述的事物。例如,当有人问你:“某某是怎么样的人?”你回答说:“恩,我想他是个不错的家伙,但他非常……”接着你犹豫了,试图找到一个词或短语来说明他到底讨厌在哪里。当你找到一个恰当的短语的时候,你发觉自己对他的看法更清楚,也更精确了。
一些英语词汇词根相同而意义却截然不同。例如human 和humane,二者的词根相同,词义也相关,但用法完全不同。“ human action(人类行为)”和“humane action(人道行为)”完全是两码事。我们不能说“人道权力宣言”,而是说“人权宣言”。有一种屠杀工具叫“humane killer(麻醉屠宰机),而不是human killer(杀人机器)。
语言中的坏手艺的例子在我们身边随处可见。有人邀请一名学生去吃饭,他写信给予回复。请看他的信是这样结尾的:“我将很高兴赴约并满怀不安(anxiety)期待着那个日子的到来。“”Anxiety” 含有烦恼和恐惧的意味。作者想表达的很可能是一种翘首期盼的心情。“Anxiety” 跟热切期盼有一定的关联,但在这个场合是不能等同的。Unit 4 更糟的是,这种对贫穷的新的隔离混合着一种善意的无知。很多富有同情心的美国人都清楚有许多关于城市改建的讨论。当他们驾车经过市区时,突然注意到一个熟悉的贫民窟被推倒,曾经是廉价公寓和简易房子的地方屹立起现代化的高楼大厦,一种温暖的满足感油然而生。他们为问题的解决感到由衷欣慰:很显然,穷人受到很好的关照。
具有讽刺意味的是:事实跟这种印象恰恰截然相反。美国战后各种各样的住房项目所造成的总的影响是把越来越多的人塞进现有的贫民窟中……。着装也使穷人们趋于隐形。美国的穷人是全世界穿得最好的穷人。由于多种原因,大规模生产带来的好处在这一领域比其它领域分布得更平均。在美国,一个人轻而易举就可以穿着体面,但说到体面的居住环境,良好的饮食和医疗条件就是不那么容易了。即使收入来源十分窘迫的人也能穿的有模有样,看上去有如事业有成的成功人士。
这是决定我们对于贫穷确实存在的无知的一个极其重要的因素。在底特律,从公司设立储物柜的那天起,社会地位的存在变得越来越难以分辨。从那以后,再也看不到人们穿着工作服到工厂上班,而是穿着家常裤和白衬衣的市民。这一过程美化了全国上下的穷人。在大城市中有成百上千的美国人尽管穿着鞋子,或者甚至是剪裁时髦的洋装,却在饿肚子。这并非蓄意所为,虽然看起来差不多是这个富足的社会将服装分发给穷人使他们不至于破衣烂衫的碍别人的眼。
而且,很多穷人都处在一个“隐形”的年龄,他们很多人(超过8,000,000)年龄在六十五以上,更多的人未满十八岁。另一个美国中的那些年老的人经常生病,不能动弹。有人在孤独落寞中了此生,他们或终日枯坐在廉价租来的房子里,或紧挨在早已彻底改头换面的临近宅子边。事实上,老年人贫困最差的方面是人们看不见也不会想到他们,他们很孤独。
年轻人相对要更受关注些,但他们的活动范围也同样局限于他们住所附近。小报故事时不时出现耸人听闻的帮派血斗,他们以此将他们的贫穷广而告之。但他们一般不会打扰中产阶级街区的安静。
最后,穷人 在政治上也是隐形的。发达国家社会生活中最残酷的讽刺之一就是处于社会底层的无依无靠的人们不能够为自己说话。一般来说另一个美国的人们显然不属于工会,兄弟会或政党。他们没有自己的游说团;他们从不提出议案。作为一个团体他们是一盘散沙。他们没有表情;他们没有声音。
1、After listing a lot of facts and giving statistical fingers,finally he drove his argument home.2、It took us more or less half a year to finish the project.3、What he said was so subtle that we could not understand his real intention.4、His new book looks squarely at the present social contemporary.5、The generation today are very much alive to the lastest information on Internet.6、It is a matter of opinion to whether a foreign language is much more easy to be learnt or not?
7、Never lose heart in the face of frustration,take courage and overcome it squarely.8、Rice,meat,vegetables,fruits constitute a balanced diet.9、Can i be exempt from the regular physical examination this year?I had one three months ago when I went to the summer camp.10、Could you tell me again what i should do next?What you said yesterday has slipped out of my mind.11、We all assumed that Dave is a trustworthy man.But it turned out that we were wrong.12、His misfortune was compounded by his wife's illness and his lost of job.13、It is a perennial problem interest to man whether there are living beings in the out space.14、When you are under great strain,you will not be able to think clearly.15、Jim tends to lose his temper easily when nobody follows his advice.16、Although the teacher has profound knowledge,he feels it is difficult to articulate his students' needs.
第三篇:综英单词
单词
Spontaneous---自然发生的,自动的。Happening naturally,without planning Considenate---想得周到的,体贴的。Thoughtful about other people’s or feelings.Haphazard—随意的,无秩序的。Unplanned or disorderly
Squeamish—易受惊的。Easily shocked by unpleasant things
Serenely—平静地。Completely calm and peaceful
Preach—传教,布道。To give a religious talks as a part of service in church Punctuate—被(某事)不时打断。To be interrupted repeatedly by something Contend—声称(某物)为真。To claim that something is ture
Intact—完整的,未受损伤的。Whole because no part has been touched or spolit Restrain—抑制,遏制(某人某事)。To prevent someone or sth from doing sth
Scribble—潦草地书写。To write sth carelessly or in a harry ,often so that it is hard to read.Exotic—外国来的,异国情调的。From a distant and interesting country
Access—(使用,获取的)能力,权利。The ability or right to obtain or use sth.Quintessential—典型,完美的榜样。The perfect example of something Prime—质量最佳的.of the very best quality
Abandon—放弃,离弃.give up ,leace completely
Glistening—(潮湿的表面般)闪亮,闪光 to shine with a lot of cery small flashes
as if from a wet surface
Trickle—(小群的人)慢慢移动。To move gradually in small groups
Outweigh---比某事物更重要,胜过。To be more important than sth or hace more
advantages than sth
Spectacular---壮观的,宏伟的。Very special and splendid
Disintegrate—碎裂,崩裂。To break up into small pieces.Scramble—争夺,抢先。To move quickly in compitition with other people Judicious—明智的,良好判断的。Having or showing good judgment or good sence
Speculation---猜测,推测。Thoughts about what mingt happen.Paraphrase.A sincere compliment is worth its weight in gold.----whole –hearted and genuine praise is very valuable
2.I struck up a conversation with Kit ,trying to establish some kind of rapport.----I started to have a conversation with Kit in a friendly way and tride my best to achieve close agreement and understanding between us.3.Euphemisms are considered overly squeamish and affected by contemporary writers unless used for humorous effect
----except in cases where they are used to achieve humorous effect, contemporary writers think that euphemisms are too disguating, artificial and pretentious to be used.4.Some euphemisms ,too,are sufficiently offbeat to be funny.---Some euphemisms are unusual enough to be funny.They are so unusual that they become quite funny
5.And the whoole building rocked with prayer and song.----the whole building shook with all the praying and singing
6.Waves of rejoicing swept the place
---the whole church became a sea of great joy.7.But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession.----Getting the book by payment is merely a preparatory step on the way to ownership.8.Understanding is a two-way operation;learning doesn’t consist in being an empty receptacle.---comprehension is a process involving both reception and production.If you remain a container ready only to receive,you cannot expect to learn very much.9.Where excellence is not an act but a habit.----where high quality is not just something we do on certain occasions , but rather something that we do regularly as a habit.10.Who knew then that from this modest hack would flow the civilization-altering,millionaire-spawning,information suckhoole known as the world wide web?
----who know at that time that this humble software consultant would create the world wide web which would change our civilization,bring about millionares , and become a rich source of imformation?
11.People usually believe that predators have an easy time of it ,killing defenseless prey
---people ususlly think that predators do not have to make an effort to kill the prey animals ,since the have no means of protecting themselves.12.The reverse is true of parasites.---parasites have the opposite characteristic,i.e.they are smaller but greater in number than their hosts.13.He peered over at the writhing blackness that jerked convulsively with the jerking nerves.----he looked closely at the twsting body of the buck covered with black ants;its only movement now was short, quick twitches.14.It was a swelling feeling of rage and misery and protest that experssed itself in the thought.----the thought well expressed his growing feeling of anger and unhappiness,and objection to what was happening.15.In this conditions it was poddible to stand for no more than a few seconds ,and then only by leaning forward at an angle of 45^
----under such conditions,a person could only stand for a few seconds ,and that was by learning forward to form an angle of 45^with the ground.16.Before panting little boys could strangle out the words,their mothers knew it.----the mother had already learned the news before their sons could stammer it out.17.The poison sacs of the town began to manufacture venom, and the town swelled and puffed with the pressure of it.----what acted as the “venom-producing bag”of the town,i.e., the increasing self-interest in the townspeople,began to create poison which afflicted the whole town with a negative force.翻译
1.几天前,他还对这项计划嗤之以鼻,可是他现在却以高涨的热情去努力落实这项计划,这真是令人难以理解的转变。
it was only a few days ago that he showed some contempt for the new project ,but now he is working hard with zest for its realization.What a baffling change!
2.我不在乎加班工作,我在乎的是在周末尽做一些无意义的琐碎杂务。
I don’t mind working overtime,but do mind working on those unimportant trivial things at weekend.3.对现代经济学的一知半解是导致他经营失败的原因之一。
His haphazard knowledge of modern economics was one of the reasons why he met failure in his business.4.无论他作何种努力来改变其在公众心目中的形象,都无济于事。
No matter how hard he had tried ,all his efforts to imporve his image in the mind of the public were certain to fail.5.不知是何原因,许多大学生又表现出对中国传统戏剧如京剧和越剧的浓厚兴趣。
For some unknown reasons ,there has been a revival of strong interest in traditional Chinese drama ,such as Beijing Opera and Shaoxing Opera,among the college students.6.当诺贝尔物理奖获得者出现在师生面前时,全场一片欢腾,他的演讲不时被震耳欲聋的掌声所打断。
As soon as the winner of Nbbel Prize for physics appeared before the faculty and students, waves of cheers swept the hall.and his speech was punctuated by thundering clapping.7.他全神贯注地投入一项克隆实验工作上,根本没有察觉到我进入实验室。He was so absorbed in one of his cloning experiments that he wasn’t aware of my entering the laboratory at all.8.计划和列提纲只是写作的前奏曲,一篇论文的撰写还需要经过初稿,修改,编审等环节
Planning and outlining are only a prelude to writing,drafting,revising and editing are necessary steps to write a thesis.9.我真的不懂他为什么整天在摆弄那台老掉牙的电脑。
I really don’t understand why he noodles around that ole-fashioned computer all day long.10.越来越多的年轻人意识到英语是同行全球的语言,所以都在业余努力学习英语。
Being aware tha the english language is the lingua franca of the world,more and more young people try to learn English as much as they can in their spare time.11.这名心理学教授退休后不甘闲逸,开始从事儿童教育游戏的开发工作。After retirement ,the psychology professor unwilling to live a leisure life ,took to developing educational games for children.12.许多人对他们所居住的城市里雨后春笋般地冒出摩天大楼而深感自豪,他们还误以为摩天大楼是现代化的同义词呢。
Many people are very proud of the skyscapers that have mushroomed in their cities,with the mistaken idea that skyscrapers are the synonym of modernization.13.情绪激动的老人打开了儿子从海外寄来的信,他越想控制住发抖的手,它们发抖越厉害。
The emotional old man opened the letter that his son had sent him from overseas.the harder he tried to control his trembling hands,the more trembling they become.14.看到受伤的水牛在狮子的围攻中痛苦挣扎,猎人处于怜悯开枪将它打死。Seeing the wounded buffalo struggling in pain under the attack of the lions,the hunter shot it dead out of pity.15.我总觉得相当数量的董事会成员会强力诶反对的我们的改革计划。
I am inclined to think that there will be strong opposition to our reform plan among quite a few board members.16.我们不能姑息任何人的有害社会秩序的行为,不管他是谁,不管他来自何处。No matter who he is or where he is from, we cannot tolerate hia behaviour that is injurious to social order.17.灿烂的玛雅文化是如何从地球上突然消失的,这始终是一个难解之谜。As to how the splendid Maya Culture disappeared all of a sudden from the earth ,it remains a mystery not easily to be solved.18.当弄清楚是一只大老鼠导致传动系统中断运转时,我们都松了一口气,不久传送系统便恢复了正常运转。
When it was made plain that it was a big rat that had caused the breakdown of the transmission system,we all felt relieved.soon the system was brought to its normal order.19.他不是一个很受学生欢迎的教授,因为他在讲课时总是走题和拖堂。
He was not a very popular professor among the students because he would invariably wander off his topic during the course of his lecture and drag the class into the time for break.
第四篇:美丽广西英译文
美丽神奇的广西
广西是一个美丽神奇的地方。
在这片美丽神奇的土地上,到处是山环水抱、山水相映的秀美画卷。广西的山奇秀多姿,或峰峦如林、挺拔独秀。或群山连绵、雄伟壮丽;广西的水清澈透底,或山河如带、蜿蜓山间,或飞瀑遍布、流溅壮观;广西的洞幽深瑰丽,或如禽似兽、栩栩如生,或如花似玉、巧夺天工;广西的海波和浪软,海天相连,风帆点点,沙滩或白洁如银,或黄灿如金„„
广西有12个世居民族和其它25个少数民族。繁衍生息在这片土地上的各族人民,以自己独特的文化形态,孕育了一片歌的海洋。在少数民族聚居的地方,绚丽的服饰、悦耳的歌声,多姿的舞蹈、奇特的风俗,构成了一幅幅缤彩纷呈的民族风情画卷。
广西历史悠久,文物荟萃:有堪称世界古代岩画之精品的花山岩壁画;有“诚足与长城南北相呼应,同为世界之奇观”的古运河灵渠;有城高门深、气势森严的靖江王城,有中国最大的潘王陵群——靖江王陵;有丰富的“游山如读史”的摩岩石刻。
广西的现代化建设正在飞速发展。然而,飞速发展的广西依然散发着其独特的美丽与神奇。
Guangxi—A Beautiful Land of Wonders
Guangxi is a beautiful land of wonders.This fascinating land presents a landscape tapestry of amazing beauty with its mountains fantastically exquisite and peaks grotesque in shape;water crystal-clear, waterfalls spectacularly roaring down and rivers winding their way between the mountains;karstic caves in various lifelike formations;sea waves running gently and beach shining gold and silvery.Guangxi is a multinational land which is inhabited by 37 different ethnic groups, each developing its own distinct culture, nurturing a veritable “sea of songs”.Splendid costumes, sweet melodies, diverse dances and unique customs in the ethnic minority communities complete a scroll painting unfolding rich folklore flavors before us.With a long-standing history, Guangxi abounds in cultural relics and historic sites.Among the highlights are the Huashan Cliff Paintings, reputed as a world masterpiece of this kind;the ancient Lingqu Canal, equally matched in fame with the Great Wall as one of the world wonders;the City of Prince Jingjiang, strongly fortified with high walls and grand gates;the Mausoleums of the Princes Jingjiang, the largest princely tomb group in China;and inscriptions on precipice, to tour which is said to be as rewarding as reading a history book.With its unique charms, Guangxi still appeals strongly to the world while developing in full swing.P5 “几程漓江水,万点桂山尖”。若没有亲历漓江,便无法真正理解这两句诗的涵意。从桂林至阳朔,约83公里的水程,实在是一条天然画廊。画廊所展示的画图,没有作者印章,没有日月年鉴,没有昂贵的标价,千帧万幅,一篇篇打开,又一篇篇收好,每一幅都是灵动授意,每一帧都是神来之笔。它们是在大地上突兀显现的神迹。
“The Lijiang River, zigzagging to the mist, unfolds thousands of peaks at the twist.” Without touring the Lijiang River by yourself, you could never fully appreciate this poem’s real meaning.Between Guilin and Yangshuo flows the Lijiang River, an 83-kilometer-long natural picture gallery.The paintings hung in this gallery bear no artist’s signature stamp, no date, no high price tags.Thousands of paintings unfold before you one by one, and then fold back again.Since every piece comes out of a great idea and turns out to be a work of inspiration, it is God’s blessings on the earth.P9 刘三姐是中国壮族民间传说中一个美丽、智慧、正义的歌仙,围绕她有许多优美动人、富于传奇色彩的故事。广西人真气派!他们截两公里的漓江水域为舞台,取12座漓江山峰和广袤天穹为布景,以河湾小岛为天然的观众席,营造了世界上最大的实景剧场。以《刘三姐》经典传说为素材的大型歌舞剧《印象·刘三姐》,在漓江演绎了一段空前的视听传奇。
Liu Sanjie or Third Sister Liu was a legendary singer of the Zhuang people, who was beautiful, wise and upright and the heroine of a great many lovely stories.Guangxi people’s ingenuity is amzing!They set up a stage with two-kilometer stretch of the Lijiang River, taking twelve hills along the river and the vast sky as its setting and river bends and islets as a natural auditorium , thus creating the world’s largest theater in the open.The theatrical spectacle, Impressions—Third Sister Liu, with materials from classical legend, offers the audience an unprecedented audio-visual enjoyment.P11 龙脊梯田方圆20平方公里,海拔最高1100米,最低300米。这种高山深谷大落差,使得龙脊梯田周边形成了高山云雾、河谷急流的壮丽景观。梯田大者不过一亩,小者仅能播上两三行禾苗,入链似带,从山脚一直盘绕到山顶,盘旋到云海之中„„
龙脊四季景致各有千秋。青翠点染的春天、黛绿浓抹的夏天和金黄凝重的秋天在这里分别以三幅彩色版画呈现出来,龙脊的冬天,则是一幅色调分明的黑白版画。
The terraced fields of Longji cover an area of 20 square kilometers.The highest terrace is at 1,100 meters and the lowest is at 300 meters above sea level.The great differential in height creates wonderful scenery around the Longji terraces, with high cloud-capped hills and surging torrents in the valleys.The larger plots cover less than one mu(1/15 hectare), and the small ones have room only for three rows of grain seedlings.Like chains or belts, they form ringlets around the mountains, running up from one level to another.Longji’s scenery changes with the four seasons but it is always like a beautiful painting, each with its own color—light green in spring, dark green in summer, golden in autumn and monochrome in winter.P13 广西处处是桂林
Places as beautiful as Guilin can be found everywhere in Guangxi.P15 广西独特的地质、环境和气候条件,造就了分布极为广阔的喀斯特地貌带。广西全境蕴藏着星罗棋布的喀斯特溶洞。
走进一处又一处地下仙境:七星岩、芦笛岩、伊岭岩、都乐岩、冠岩、丰鱼岩、水仙岩、勾漏洞„„这些溶洞各有特点:或深长莫测,或曲折迷离,或与潜河相连,洞内奇诡万端的峰石形态,更是笔墨难以形容。
Guangxi’s special geology, environment and climate brought into being its karst topography, which is widely distributed across the region.Along with the karst landforms are karstic caves scattered across Guangxi.Let’s unveil the underground paradises one after another: Seven Star Cave, Reed Flute Cave, Yiling Cave, Dule Cave, Hat Cave, Fengyu Cave, Daffodil Cave, Goulou Cave, etc.Some are measurelessly deep and long, some are winding like a maze, and some link into the underground rivers, all bearing their own uniqueness.As for the rock shapes in the caves, they are too fantastic for words.P17 壮族是中国少数民族中人口最多的民族,现有人口约1700多万。
壮族是一个喜欢唱歌的民族。农历三月初三壮乡大地,无论是城市的街道绿地,还是村寨的山边田头,处处歌声荡漾。在这里,能够充分领略壮族深厚的文化和浓郁的风情。
壮族不仅能歌,而且善画、善舞、善绣。
左江崖壁画是著名的古代文化遗产之一。崖壁画群分布在左江流域约200公里长的山崖上。至今已发现崖壁画280多组,以宁明县花山崖壁画最为壮观,崖 壁画的图像主要是人物,也有一些似狗、似马、似飞禽之类的动物,还有像铜鼓、铜锣之类的圆圈。崖壁画所反映的内容或象征意义,与壮族先民的宗教、生产、战争有关,图像之大,作画地点之险要世所罕见。
美丽的壮锦和传情的绣球都是壮族特有的文化标志。
壮锦,是以棉纱和丝绒织成的花纹斑斓的织品,是中国四大名锦之一。
The Zhuang, with a population of over 17 million, form the largest ethnic group in China.The Zhuang are song-loving people.On the third day of the third lunar month every year, songs permeate through every part of the Zhuang communities—in cities, grasslands, mountains and fields.It is a great opportunity to enjoy their profound culture and unique customs.Besides singing, the Zhuang are also adept at painting, dancing and embroidery.The Zuojiang River Cliff Painting groups are a famous ancient cultural relic.They are spread on cliffs, stretching as long as 200 kilometers along the Zuojiang River.So far 280 groups of paintings have been discovered, the Huashan Cliff Paintings in Ningming County being the most splendid.The images are mainly human figures, plus animals in the shape of dogs, horses or birds, and drum-shaped and gong-like circles.The cliff paintings embody the religion, livelihood and wars of the ancient Zhuang people.Painting such big images on such verticle precipices is rare in the world.The beautiful brocade and the silk ball used to convey emotions are cultural symbols unique to the Zhuang.Zhuang brocade is a kind of colorful textile, woven with cotton yarn and floss.It is one of the four famous brocades of China.P21 兴安灵渠始建于公元前220年,是世界上最古老的运河之一。灵渠全场34公里,把长江与珠江两条水系连接在一起,促进了广西与中原经济和文化的交流。中国著名历史学家郭沫若对此曾这样评价:“2000余年前已如此,诚足与长城南北相呼应,同为世界之奇观。”
The Lingqu Canal in Xing’an, constructed around 220 BC, is one of the oldest canals in the world.The 34-kilometer-long waterway linking the two major water systems of the Yangtze and Pearl rivers has helped promote economic and cultural exchanges between Guangxi and the Central Plains.Guo Moruo, a renowned Chinese historian of the 20th century, commented that the canal “played such a great role 2,000 years ago that it could rank alongside the Great Wall in northern China as a wonder of the world.”
P23 左江斜塔又名归龙、水宝塔。塔身倾斜度为4°24’64”,倾斜方向为西南偏西52°16’30”,据专家考证是工匠在建造时考虑到江心风力和地基等因素精心设计而成。宝塔依山顺势,造型和谐,自建成至今历时300多年,屡遭洪水冲刷,风吹雨打,依然屹立不倒。
The Leaning Tower of Zuojiang is also called Guilong(Subduing the Dragon)and Shuibao(Water Treasure).The tower slants 4°24’64”and leans 52°16’30”toward the southwest.The angle, accoring to experts, was carefully designed by the builders taking into consideration the wind from the river and the rock foundation.The tower has endured more than 300 years of floods, rain and wind, and still stands solid and sturdy today.P25 真武阁建于1573年,该阁通体都是杠杆式纯木结构,用近3000条铁黎木做构件,以杠杆结构原理,串联吻合,彼此扶持,相互制约,合理协调地组成了通高13.2米、宽13.8米、进深11.2米的歇山顶三重檐阁楼体,堪称建筑结构的一绝。
The Zhenwu Pavilion was built in 1573.This wooden structure is constructed on the basis of lever principle and employs 3,000 pieces of Ceylon Ironwood timber for interconnected bracing.With a saddle roof and three layers of eaves, the 13.2-meter-high and 13.8-meter-wide pavilion is indeed a masterpiece of architectural engineering.P26 桂林拥有自隋朝至民国的摩崖石刻近3000件,提名、题记、诗词、歌赋、铭文等不一而足。这些石刻以灵活多样的社会文化为主体,浓缩了上千年的历史,再现了当时的社会风貌,弥补了史书记载的不足,具有重要的历史、科学和艺术价值。
靖江王府是中国明代靖江藩王的府第,建于1393年,是广西人文景观的精华。它的城门、城墙、城垣,还有城内沿中轴线展开的承运门、承运殿,以及主体建筑之外的楼堂厅馆、亭阁轩室,一起组成了一个微缩的紫禁王城。
Guilin has, on the precipices, nearly 3,000 pieces of engraved autographs, remarks, poems and inscriptions left behind from the Sui Dynasty.These historical relics record society and life in ancient China, filling in many gaps in the history books.They are of great historical, scientific and artistic value.Built in 1393, the Mansion of Prince Jingjiang once was a stately residential complex of Prince Jingjiang of the Ming Dynasty and now is an outstanding example of Guangxi’s cultural relics.Its entrance and walls, and the Chengyun Gate and the Chengyun Hall along the central axis, together with its auxiliary buildings, form a miniature “Forbidden City”.P29 在广西没我们还到了滨海城市北海、钦州和防城港。
提起北海,总会叫人联想到晶莹的珍珠、美丽的海滩、风情浓郁的渔村,还有传说中的美人鱼„„
这个海滨城市虽然偏居于桂东南海岸、北部湾东北角,但她的名气却相当不凡:早在2000多年前,北海就已成为中国最早的贸易港口,是古代海上丝绸之路的始发港之一;她拥有号称“中国第一滩”的优美银滩,是难得的海滨度假胜地„„
In Guangxi, we also visited some coastal cities including Beihai, Qinzhou and Fangchenggang.When Beihai is mentioned, people always associated it with lustrous pearls, beautiful beaches, traditional fishing villages, and mermaids in legends….This coastal city lies on the southeast shore of Guangxi, at the northeast corner of the Beibu Gulf.Though in remote area, it is quite famous: as early as 2,000 years ago, Beihai was one of China’s earliest trading ports, and was a starting point for the Silk Road on the sea;it has a beautiful silver beach praised as “China’s best beach,” and is a great seaside resort.P29 涠洲岛距北海36海里,面积25平方公里,是中国最大最年轻的火山岛,素有“大蓬莱”仙岛之称。
海水碧蓝见底,海底活珊瑚、海产种类繁多,瑰丽神奇;岛上植被丰富,四季瓜果飘香,是海上垂钓、浴海拾贝、潜水探奇的好去处。
Weizhou Island, 36 sea miles from Beihai, is called “Great Penglai,” a legendary fairy island in the East China Sea.With an area of 25 square kilometers, it is China’s largest and youngest volcanic island.The sea is so limpid that corals and other sea creatures are clearly visible.Thick vegetation covers the island and blossoming flowers and fruits give off sweet aroma all the year round.It is also an ideal place for angling, swimming, diving and collecting shells on the beach.P31 在广西,可与北海银滩媲美的是防城港的金滩。
有个散文家这样描写这片诱人的海滩:“那里,天高、海阔、浪白、沙黄,渔帆逐汛,海鸥翔空,十里沙岸,十里长堤,十里林带,十里风情。远望,横亘东西的海岛就像置于绿绒之上的古筝,万里涛声便是她永不停息的琴歌!”
In Guangxi, only Fangcheng’s Gold Beach is comparable with the Silver Beach of Beihai.This alluring beach has been thus described, “the beach is where you can enjoy the marvelous scenes of high sky, vast sea, white waves and golden sand.Fishing boats break the waves, seagulls soar in the sky.Beautiful views unfold along miles of sand, miles of causeway and miles of woods.In the distance, an island stretches east to west, like a long zither across green velvet, the seawaves around playing eternal music for it.”
P32 在钦州三娘湾旅游景区的东侧海域,常年生活着一群颜色各异、大小不一的海豚。白海豚属鲸豚类,是世界范围内最为濒危的一类海洋哺乳动物,也是中国海洋鲸豚中唯一的国家一级保护动物,人们称之为“海上大熊猫”。又因白海豚对海洋水质环境十分敏感,被环保学家视为衡量海洋生态环境的活指标。
In the eastern sea of the Qinzhou Sanniang Bay Scenic Area live schools of dolphins of various colors and sizes.The Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin belongs to the cetacean family and is a severely endangered aquatic mammal.It is the only one of China’s cetaceans under first-class state protection.People refer to it as “the panda of the sea.” As the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin is very sensitive to sea water quality, environmentalists regard it as a living benchmark of marine ecology.P33 2003年10月8日,中国总理温家宝在第七次中国与东盟(10+1)领导人会议上建议,从2004年起,每年在中国广西南宁举办中国—东盟博览会,作为推动自由贸易区建设的一项实际行动。这一建议得到各国领导人的普遍欢迎,并写入会后发表的主席声明。
中国—东盟博览会紧紧围绕《中国与东盟全面经济合作框架协议》以及自由贸易区建设实际进程,以双向互利为基本原则,以自由贸易区内的经贸合作为重点,面向全球商界开放,是一个综合性、国际性的博览会。
At the Seventh China-ASEAN Summit on October 8, 2003, Premier Wen Jiabao proposed that the China-ASEAN Exposition be held annually in Nanning as an act to promote the development of the Free Trade Area.This proposal was widely accepted by the ASEAN leaders and was written in the Chairman’s Statement which was published after the Summit.Centering on the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Between China and ASEAN and the development process of the Free Trade Area, the China-ASEAN Expo, as a comprehensive international exposition, opens to the global business circle, with focus on the economic and trade cooperation in the Free Trade Area and on the basis of mutual benefits.P35 中国—东盟博览会举办地南宁,是中国广西壮族自治区首府,是中国东部和西部、中国与东盟经济圈的交汇点。南宁气候温和,阳光充足,瓜果飘香,四季常绿。青山、秀水、绿树、鲜花与林立的高楼、繁华的街景交相辉映,构成了极富亚热带特色的园林风貌,被中外游人誉为“绿城”,2007年荣获联合国人居奖。
Nanning, capital city of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is the permanent venue for the China-ASEAN Expo.It is the junction between eastern and western China, and between China and the ASEAN Economic Circle.Nanning has a mild climate with plenty of sunshine;the fragrance of fruits fills the air, and there is greenery all the year round.All these combine with modern high-rises and bustling street scenes to form a sub-tropical city garden, praised by Chinese and overseas visitors alike as a “green city”.In 2007, Nanning won the UN-Habitat Scroll of Honor Award.P37 金秋时节是南宁最美的季节,一年一度的南宁民歌艺术节就在此时举行。金秋的南宁,阳光和煦,绿草成茵,山歌如潮,鲜花成带,成了一片欢乐的海洋。
南宁已敞开美丽家园的大门,迎接五洲四海的客人!
Nanning enchants people the most in the golden autumn, which is when an annual Nanning International Folk Song Arts Festival is held.During the festival warm sunshine, green grass, blooming flowers and folk songs are filling Nanning city with exultation and joy.Nanning is widely open to welcome all friends of the world!
Front Cover: The Lijiang River in Golden Sunshine Inside Front Cover: Net-Pulling Melody P3-4: ?
P5-6: The Lijiang River Winding around Conical Peaks
Nine-Horse Mural Hill
Elephant Trunk Hill in Moonlight Camel Hill P7-8: River of Dreams—the Lijiang River Picturesque Scenes of Mountains and Rivers Rafting in the Lijiang River Fishing Girls on the Lijiang River P9-10: Originating From Fairy Land
Homecoming Fisherman Laden with the Catch Impressions—Third Sister Liu P11-12: Longji Terraced Fields in Four Seasons Village Life in Longji Terraced-Field Dwellers P13-14: Detian Waterfall Towering Pines in Mount Shengtang Blooming Flowers Floating Melody Graceful Scenery at the Longtan Pool P15-16: Karst Physiognomy Fantastic Caves and Exquisite Rocks P17-18: The Zhuang People Silk Balls Zhuang Brocade Zhuang Embroidery Maguhu, a String Musical Instrument Made of Horse Bone Tianqin, a String Musical Instrument of the Zhuang People Huashan Cliff Paintings P19-20: Colorful Ethnic Groups P19 Minority People in Flamboyant Costumes(2 Pages)Girl of the Daban Yao Happy Childhood Official-Carrying, a Unique Dong Performance P20 Blowing the Long Horns P21-22: Colorful Ethnic Groups P21 The White-Clad Yao People Playing Tunes on a Leaf Happy Life Nuo Opera of the Maonan People Village Life of the Red-Clad Yao People P22 Lusheng of the Dong, a Musical Instrument Made of Bamboo Tubes
Long-Tabled Potluck Dinner P23-24: The Lingqu Canal Mulong Tower Leaning Tower Flower Bridge West Street
Ancient South Entrance P25-26: P25 Friendship Pass Zhenwu Pavilion Inscriptions on the Precipices P26 Mansion of Prince Jingjiang P27-28: A Galaxy of Cultural Relics Wind and Rain Bridge of the Dong
Drum Tower of the Dong Bronze Horse and Driver in the Western Han Period Bronze You Jar with Handle and Animal Designs of the Shang Dynasty
Bronze Animal of the Spring and Autumn Period Porcelain Model with Chrysanthemum Design of the Northern Song Period Silver Magic Fish Inlaid with Gold of the Song Dynasty P29-30: Silver Beach in Beihai Awesome Waves World of Corals Shrimp Cage Collecting
Delicious Seafood Fine Views of Weizhou Island P31-32: Golden Beach Dolphins in the Sanniang Bay The Jing People Fishing Girls Brave Kid Swimmers Golden Sand in the Bay P33-34: Nanning International Convention and Exhibition Center Flag of China-ASEAN Expo Hello, ASEAN Tianhu Lake in Qingxiu Mountain P35-36: Night Views of Nanning Rainbow over the Green City Views of the City Morning Exercise The People’s Hall P37-38: Opening Ceremony of the Nanning International Folk Song Arts Festival A Mass of Color Bronze Drum Dance Blessings of Fortune P39-40: Please Stay Here, Guests from Afar!Beautiful Zhuang Brocade Firework Show Back Cover: Customs
History New Look Culture 10
第五篇:大学 综英翻译
Unit 6 1.—我怀疑他没有告诉我们全部真相。—你为什么对此有怀疑?-I suspect that he has not told us the whole truth./I doubt he has told us the whole truth.-Why do you doubt it? 2.谁也不会怀疑到他。嫌疑犯看起来一般不会那么和蔼可亲。可是警察通过DNA检查终于证明他就是真正的杀人凶手。
Nobody would have suspected him.A suspect wouldn't usually look so appealing.But finally the police identified him to be the true murderer through a DNA test.3.皇帝被认为是中国历史上的第一个农夫,而他的妻子则是第一个织
Huangdi is regarded as the very first farmer in our history while his wife was the first weaver.4.请向我在那里的朋友们致意。我真的非常想念他们。
Please give my best regards to my friends there.I really miss them all.5.任何时候,只要有可能,年轻人都宁可自己谋生,也不愿靠父母养活。Whenever possible young people prefer to earn their own living than live off their parents.6.北方要求取消军事演习,但是南方予以拒绝。他们反过来要求北方对开火公开道歉。
The North demanded the military exercise be called off, but the South refused.Instead they demanded an open apology from the North for the gun fire.7.这个地方因为发展了绿色经济已经获得了相当好的声誉。This place has earned itself quite a reputation for developing a green economy.8.由于年轻,他们往往倾向于从好的方面看问题。
Being young, they are often inclined to look at things from the bright side.9.科学家们已经查明拿具冻尸是一个生活在大约六千年前的年轻猎手。
Scientists have identified the frozen body as a young hunter who lived about six thousand years ago.10.虽然她是第二代美籍华人,但她仍然珍惜她的中国文化身份。Although she is a second-generation Chinese American, she still values her Chinese cultural identity.1.你认识坐在系主任旁边的那位女士吗?
Do you know the young lady sitting next to the chairman of the department? 2.警方对那个犯罪嫌疑人跟踪了一个星期,很快就会拘捕此人。The police have been keeping track of the suspect for a whole week.They will make an arrest soon.3.新政府宣布他们将会保护在这个国家生活的所有守法的外国人。The new government announced that they would protect all law-abiding foreigners living in the country.4.我们应该牢记,在这座城市里尚有成千上万的家庭过着贫困或是近乎贫困的生活。
We should bear in mind that there are still thousands of people living on or near the poverty line in this city.5.运动员为准备本届亚运会,进行训练已有一整年时间了。These athletes have been training for the current Asian Games for a whole year.6.这个城市的失业居民从五月开始就一直在抗议食品价格的飞涨。Since May, unemployed residents in the city have been protesting soaring food prices in the past two months.7.这个机构的年轻雇员几个月来都在勒紧裤腰带,努力适应战时的经济。
The young employees of the organization have been tightening their belts for months, adapting themselves to a war economy.8.这个公司声称在节能技术方面他们已有突破。
The company claims that they have made a breakthrough in energy-saving technology.9.金先生从服务员开始升到经理的职位,他为这家餐厅工作了30年。Mr.King worked this way up from the position of waiter to manager.He has been working for the restaurant fro 30 years.10.这所大学即将离任的副校长,在他的告别聚会上作了一次动人的演讲。
The outgoing /retiring vice president of the university made a hear-warming speech at his farewell party.Unit9 1.林先生对于沙漠化问题十分关注。我完全同意他的意见,这是一个与我们环境保护息息相关的严重问题。
Mr.Lin has always concerned about the desertification。I fully agree with him that this is a serious concern as regard as our environmental protection.2.我们的政府发言人对最近被海盗劫持的两位中国工程师深表关切。The government spokesman expressed our deep concern for two Chinese engineers who were recently taken hostage by the pirates.3.很难想象我们怎么能保护这个大坝不受敌人攻击。
It is hard to visualize how we can protect the dam from enemy attack.4.宗教自由意味着人们不仅可以追求不同的信仰,而且还意味着他们有权不信任任何宗教。
Freedom of religion means not only that people can pursue different faiths.It also means that they have the right not to any religions.5.我们教师通常每周碰一次头,交换教学方面的意见。
We teachers usually meet once every week to compare notes about our teaching.6.这个地区的形势非常微妙。不允许任何国家做任何可能威胁到它那岌岌可危的平衡的事情。
The situation of this area is very delicate.No country should be allowed to do anything to threaten the precarious balance.7想要做一名称职的翻译,我们必须中外文都掌握的很好,而我感到自己在这方面非常欠缺。
To be adequate as a translator.we must have a good command of both foreign language and Chinese.And I consider myself terribly inadequate in this respect.8.不管我们的意见有多大的分歧,我们都必须共同面对这一挑战。However we differ in our opinion ,we must face the challenge together.9我对良好的教育是这样定义的,即使在你受完教育后,你不仅知道如何谋生,而且知道如何生活。
The way ,we define a good education is that ,when you get through it.you not only know how to make a living ,but you also know how to live.1.听到学生的成功,布莱克先生总是很高兴。
It always delights Mr.Blake to hear of his students’ succes 2.再做决定之前,有很多事情要考虑。
There are a lot of things to consider before we make a decision.3.不可能成功时,放弃是明智之举.To give up is wise when it is impossible to succeed.4.在这种情况下,找个律师是合乎情理的。
It might be sensible to get a lawyer under the circumstances.5.无论真相如何令人痛苦,他们都把真相告诉孩子们。我们敬佩他们这种勇气。
We admire their courage to tell their children the truth ,however painful it is.6.公共人物(public figures)在繁忙的大街出现,要想不被人们认出几乎是不可能的。
It is impossible for public figures to appear in a busy street without being recognized.7.即使可能会给自己找来麻烦,人们也愿意帮助陌生人。对此我感到惊奇。
I was amazed by people’s readiness to help a stranger,even when they know they may get into trouble.8.学生不仅要知道自己的优势,也要知道自己的局限性,这很重要。It is important for students to know not only their strengths but their limitations as well.9.这个国家试图限制一些少数民族家庭的规模。这可能会引起麻烦。The country’s attempts to limit family size among some minorities are likely to cause problems.10.有关这一切你不能透露一个字,这一点有多重要不用我说了吧。I don’t have to tell you how important it is for you to keep your mouth shut about all this.Unite10 1.有一个流行的儿童故事,描述奇迹般有了生命的木偶的奇迹。There is a popular children’s story ,which describes the adventures of wooden puppet that comes to life as if by magic.2.你对局势的幽默分析使讨论有了生气。
Your humorous analysis of the situation made the discussion lively.3.这个古代建筑重建后恢复了原样。
This ancient building has been restored to its original beauty.4.你知道,对我来说,到山上住一个月就等于重温我的幸福童年。You know ,for me to go and live up in the mountains is to recapture my happy children.5.靠这种大衣你可抵御不了加拿大的严寒。
This overcoat alone is not enough to protect you from the bitter cold in Canada.6.果农们正高兴地期待今年的好收成,突然可怕的暴风雪袭击了这个地方,是正在成熟的果实受到很大损害。The fruit growers were all happily expecting a good harvest this year when the terrible snow storm struck ,doing great damage to the ripening fruits.7.吃糖太多对你身体没有好处。最起码,他会对你的牙齿造成伤害,事实上,他在很多地方都对你有害。
Too much sugar will not do you any good.To begin with ,it will do damage to your teeth.In fact ,it will do you harm in many ways.8.他对中国人民的赤胆忠心让我对他肃然起敬。
His utter devotion to the Chinese people filled me with admiration.9.他坚持在下班之前,精确的说,是在五点半之前,一切东西都必须个在其位。
He insisted that everything should be in place before we knocked off,before five-thirty ,to be exact.10.他知道他得加倍努力来实现他的计划。他急着想一回去就投入工作。可万万没想到一场灾难正在等着他。
He knew that he would have to redouble his efforts to carry out this plan,and he was anxious ti plunge into the work as soon as he went back.But he never knew that a disaster was lying in store from him.对他的人生侮辱激怒了他,他起身反抗。Irritated by the personal insult,he rose to protect.2.这一席话使他深受感动,他决定从头开始。
Deeply touched by these words,he decided to turn over a new leaf.3.新来的那人无论怎么努力,都没能让人明白他的意思。
However hard he tried,the new arrival couldn’t make himself understood.4.我的笔记本电脑出问题了,我得尽快找人修好。
My laptop broke down ,and I must have it fixed as soon as possible.5.在当地一位猎人的带领下,搜救队很快就找到了困在山里的游客。Led by a local hunter,the search party soon found the tourists trapped in the mountains.6.出于多伽利略的嫉妒,他的对手找了个借口,使他被大学解聘。Out of jealousy,Calileo’s opponents had him dismissed from the university.7.在工作人员的陪同下,总统走进了北京大学的礼堂,后面跟着一群记者。
The president entered the Peking University Hall accompanied by his staff ,and followed by a group of reporters.8.系主任坚持主宾的邀请函务必提前10天当面提交。The chairman of the department insisted on having the invitation delivered to the guest of honor 10 days in advance.9.院方不愿将该病人的身份公之于众。
The hospital authorities don’t want the identity of the patient made known to the public.10.关于政府正在如何应对污染问题这件事,有必要使公众得到真实的信息。
It’s necessary to keep the public properly informed of what the government is doing to deal with the problem of pollution.Unit12 1.在对付困难形势的时候,总要努力从好的方面看待事物。永远不要绝望。
2.你觉得我们该怎样来激发大家对体育的兴趣。3.他从英国回来以后就被认命为社会科学院的院长。
4.年轻人一般喜欢变化,而老年人都喜欢对传统有更多的尊重。5.这个喜剧非常成功。观众不时地哄堂大笑。
6.和其他人一样,他也爱吃爱喝,纵情声色,但是他为自己找借口说,这是工作的需要。
7.这场地震毁了整个城市,没有一座建筑没倒塌。很多人都感到绝望。不少人赞成放弃这个城市。但是他拒绝屈服。他决心要面对这些挑战。8.人们常说“英雄所见略同”。我认为这并不一定适用于我们的现实生活。其实,英雄往往想法不同,凡人才想法一致。
9.我们可以向国家银行申请贷款,但是怎样为我们的申请找理由呢? 10.我们哄然大笑。在这种时候,你一般会感到受了侮辱,因而怒火中燃烧。但他却没有发脾气。这显示了他的品德。1.一些女士认为有一笔名存实亡的婚姻重要得多。2.你能做的最好的是,就是让她自己静静的呆一两个小时。3.酒店离我们学校只有不到十分钟的车程。4.比起20年前,现在的社会宽容多了。5.昨晚他的复出音乐会没有达到应有的水准。6.这个国家经济复苏的速度比人们预料的要快得多。7.请在5分钟内陈述一下你想获得本公司所招聘职位的原因。8.人们普遍认为纳尔逊曼德拉是世界上最受尊敬和敬仰的国家领导人之一。
9.普通老百姓对住房问题的关注度大大高于个别政府官员。
10.我们都认为董洁是我们这个城市里能找到的技术最高超的脑外科医生。