第一篇：福州大学--中国文化--英语教程复习题及答案
I.Chinese Cultural Terms : 1.绿茶green tea
2.红茶black tea 3.乌龙茶oolong tea 4.黑茶dark tea 5.花茶scented tea 6.茉莉花茶 jasmine tea 7.八大菜系eight major schools of cuisine /8 Chinese Cuisines 8.茶道tea ceremony 9.茶具 tea set 10.紫砂壶
boccaro teapot 11.北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck 12.清蒸鱼steamed fish
13.狗不理包子Goubili
steamed buns 14.佛跳墙Buddha Jumping the Wall 15.《论语》 The Analects 16.《诗经》The Book of Songs 17.《道德经》 Classic of the Way and Virtue 18.道家 Daoism 19.汉字 Chinese character 20.象形文字pictograph
Regional
21.甲骨文 oracle-bone inscription/ oracle-bone script 22.篆文
seal character/ seal script 23.文房四宝
four treasures of study 24.丝绸之路 the Silk Road 25.海上丝绸之路
the Maritime silk road 26.一带一路倡议The Belt and
Road Initiative 27.西域
the Western regions 28.敦煌石窟
the Dunhuang Grottoes 29.春秋时期
the Spring and Autumn Period 30.方块象形文字
the square-shaped pictographic character 31.颜(真卿）体
the Yan style 32.民间艺术
folk arts
33.年画
New Year pictures 34.剪纸paper cutting /papercuts 35.皮影戏
shadow play
36.苏绣
Suhou Embroidery 37.造纸术
paper making 38.印刷术
printing 39.佛经 Buddhist scripture 40.行书 running script /semi-cursive script 41.草书 cursive script 42.楷书
regular script/standard script
43.隶书 official script/ clerical script 44.砚the ink slab/ the ink stone;墨ink stick 45.六艺：礼乐射御书数 “six arts” : ritual,music,archery, carriage driving , calligraphy , and mathematics 46.毛笔
the writing brush 47.宣纸
xuan paper/ rice paper 48.中国书法Chinese calligraphy 49.简体字： simplified characters 50.繁体字 complex characters/ traditional characters 51.中国结 Chinese knots 52.佛教 Buddhism 53.国徽 national emblem 54.国旗 national flag 55.国歌 national anthem II.Multiple choices（每题三个选项中选一个最佳答案）
1)Which of the following is irrelevant to the pictographic symbols of Chinese characters?（下列哪项与汉字的象形符号无关？）___A
Aspiration.吸 Imagination.想象 Creativity.创造力 Allusion.典故
2)Which of the following statements is true of the name of Fudan University（关于复旦大学的名称，下列哪个陈述是正确的？）___D
The characters both stand for “the sun rising on the horizon”.这些字符都代表着“太阳在地平线上升起”
The name is taken from a Chinese classical poem.这个名字取自中国古典诗歌
The name encourages the students to get up early in the morning.这个名字鼓励学生早上早起
The characters are intended to tell the students to make progress day by day.这些字旨在让学生们一天天地进步
3)Which of the following languages mostly consists of language pictures（下列语言中哪一种主要由语言图片组成？）? B___ Mandarin Chinese.普通话
Hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt.古埃及的象形文字 Oracle-bone inscription.甲骨文 Seal characters.篆书
4)The symbol for “swimming” is closest to（“游泳”的符号最接近的是）___.C
oracle-bone inscription甲骨文 Mandarin Chinese普通话 seal characters
篆书
none of the above没有选项
5)The symbol for “athletics” contains the ingredients of（“运动”的符号包含了）___.A
dancing and running跳舞、跑步 running and swinging 跑步和摆动 dancing and swinging 跳舞和摆动 triathlon and football铁人三项和足球
6)All the following are the titles of Confucius except（以下孔子的头衔除了）___.B
an educator一个教育家 A biologist 一个生物学家 A scholar 有识之士
A philosopher一个哲学家
7)The expression “filial piety” most probably means being（“孝”的意思很可能是指）___.D
Loyal to the state忠于国家
Obedient to sister(s)听姐姐的话
Responsible for the family 对家庭负责 Dutiful to parents孝顺父母
8)Which of following can best describe Confucius’ view on the relationship between man and nature（下面哪一个最能说明孔子对人与自然关系的看法？）___.D
Brothers兄弟
Husband and wife 夫妇
Doctor and patient 医生和病人 Mother and son母子
9)Through burial and ancestral worship rituals,people can learn that（通过丧葬和祭祖仪式，人们可以了解到。）___.B
Nature is lifeless so it will never die自然是没有生命的，所以它永远不会死。 Individual’s life can be everlasting by joining nature 人的一生可以通过自然的延续而持久。
They should be grateful to their parents for giving them lives他们应该感谢父母给了他们生命。 Individual’s lifespan is short,so they should enjoy life as much as possible每个人的寿命都很短，所以他们应该尽可能地享受生活。
10)Which of following is the most important part of Confucius’ curriculum?（下列哪一项是孔子课程最重要的部分？）___.C
Music音乐
calligraphy 书法 virtue 美德
Mathematics数学
11)Zi Lu ,Ran You and Gongxi Chi’s aspirations represent ___,while Zeng Dian’s reflects（子路，你和公西迟的愿望代表了___，而曾点的反映了）___.D
Personal ambition;selfishness个人的野心;自私
Lofty ideals;meaningless pursuit 远大的志向；毫无意义的追求 Personal struggle;generous contribution 个人奋斗;慷慨的奉献
Individual contribution to society;harmony个人对社会的贡献;和谐
12)Which of the following can cover all the connotations of the art of writing（下列哪一项可以涵盖书写艺术的所有内涵？）___.D
calligraphy美术字（体）;书法，笔迹 penmanship 书写艺术，书法，书写技巧 handwriting 书法，手书
None of the above以上都不是
13)How was Chinese calligraphy displayed by Lin Huaimin（林怀民是如何展现中国书法的）___.A
By dance通过舞蹈 By script 通过剧本 By music 通过音乐 By brush用刷子
14)What can we infer from the example of Zhang Xu（我们可以从张旭的例子中推断出什么？）___.D
He did nothing but practice his running-cursive script all day他整天只练习行书。
He learnt calligraphy by copying other calligraphers of his time 他模仿他那个时代的书法家学习书法。
He often watched sword dance to learn from it for his calligraphy 他经常看剑舞学习书法。 He made fast progress when he discovered the genuine beauty of calligraphy当他发现书法真正的美时，他进步很快。
15)How is the “energy”of”one-stroke character”achieved（“能量”的一笔书是如何写出来的？）___.C
By pressing the brush harder通过用力按压笔刷
By writing the character with only one stroke 只写一个笔画 by writing the strokes at one go写那些笔画的时候一气呵成 By connecting the strokes in the interior通过连接内部的笔画
16)Which of following words can best summarize the characteristic of “ink pig”（下面哪个词最能概括“墨猪”的特点？）___.B
vigorous有力的
cumbersome 笨重的 heavy 重的，沉重的 Dense密集的，稠密的
17)The three most valuable calligraphic works in the three-treasure study include works by all the following calligraphers except ___.D
Wang xizhi Wang xianzhi Wang xun Zhang xu 18)What can we learn about wang xizhi’s calligraphic works according to the passage（根据这篇文章，我们可以从王羲之的书法作品中学到什么？）___.D
His handwriting looks like a dragon他的笔迹像一条龙。 His hand writing is heavy but vigorous 他的笔迹重而有力。
Preface to the lanting pavilion collection is his first work 《兰亭集》的序言是他的第一部作品。
The original of preface to the lanting pavilion collection is missing《兰亭集序》的真迹已经不见了
19)How did the criterion of “being hidden”in yan style occur（颜体的“隐”的标准是怎么出现的）___.C
It dawned upon yan zhenqing accidentally颜真卿偶然发现的
Yan zhenqing learnt it from former masters 颜真卿从它原先的主人那里学到的
Yan zhenqing got the idea from zhang xu 颜真卿是从张旭那里得到的想法 It was passed down from yan’s ancestors它是颜真卿的祖宗传下来的
III.Translation 英译汉，汉译英（英汉互译都要掌握）重要提示：请各位同学务必复习这些段落的英译汉，以及汉语段落回译成英文。
翻译复习
1.Unit 1, Page 7 , para.18 Before Confucius,only the nobility had the right to education.He was the first figure in Chinese history to initiate private education.According to historical records,Confucius taught for many years and trained 3000 disciples.A total of 72 of them excelled in the ”six arts”,i.e.（也就是）,ritual（礼）,music（乐）,archery（射）,driving（御）,calligraphy（书）,and mathematics（数）.A great educator,Confucius has been admired by later generations as the “sage of sages”.在孔子之前，受教育的权利为贵族阶层所垄断。孔子在中国历史上首开私人讲学之风气。他长期从事教育工作。据史书记载，他有弟子三千，其中通六艺的有七十二人。孔子是伟大的教育家，被后人尊称为“至圣先师”。
2.Unit2 , page 18.para.11
Laozi said,”The greatest virtue is like water”.He compared his philosophy of ”non-contention” to water, to distinguish it from the law of the jungle.He said, “Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing”.To Laozi,humans tend to seek higher positions while water always flows to lower places.Driven by desire,humans like whatever thy think is superior while despising whatever they think is inferior.Yet water always flows downward.As the source of life water nourishes all living things on Earth.老子说“上善若水”---水具有最高的善。老子以水比喻他的“不争”哲学思想，与恶意争斗的丛林法则相区别。老子说, “水善万物而不争。”在老子看来，人往高处走，水往低处流。人情受欲望驱动，好高而恶下，而水却永远往下流淌。水是生命之源，可以滋润万物，给大地带来生命。3.Unit 5, page43,para.1 Protection of the eco-environment is capturing wider international attention today.Eco-ethics and eco-philosophy have arisen in the face of the increasingly serious ecological crisis facing the whole world.Scholars in the field point out that human damage to the natural environment has accelerated to such an extent as to threaten the very existence of human beings themselves.今天，全世界都普遍关注生态环境的保护问题，面对日益严重的生态危机，国际上出现了生态伦理学和生态哲学。学者们强调指出，人类对自然环境破坏已经达到从根本上威胁人类自身生存的地步。4.Unit 6 Page 55, Para.2 Some pictographic symbols of Chinese characters express people’s keen observation and experience of the world.This is why some European poets have found Chinese characters inspiring to their imagination.Ezra Pound,for example,was well known for his admiration of Chinese characters,from which he was able to draw creativity.When he saw the character “旦”in the dictionary,he was reminded of the morning sun.汉字中的象形符号包含了中国人对世界敏锐的观察和丰富的体验。这也是一些西方的诗人发现汉字能激发他们的想象力的原因。比如，美国诗人庞德以推崇汉字而著名，汉字的象形符号激荡起他的创造力。他在字典中看到汉字“旦” 时，他即联想到早晨的太阳。5.Unit 7 page 62 ,para.3 The Silk Road functioned not only as a trade route,but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China,India,the Mesopotamian plains,Egypt,and Greece.It also helped to promote the exchange of science and technology between east and west.The Silk Road served as the main channel for ancient China to open up to the outside world, as well as for fresh impulses from other cultures to enter the country,which contributed a significant share to the shaping of Chinese culture.丝绸之路不仅是一条古代通商的道路，它更是连接古代中华文明，印度文明，埃及文明，希腊文明和美索不达米亚文明的纽带。它也为东西方的科学技术交流起到了促进作用。丝绸之路是古老的中国走向世界，接受世界其他地方文明营养的主要通道。中国文化性格的塑造与丝绸之路息息相关。6.Unit 8 page71 , para.1&2 Para1 The Analects begins with the Confucian edict（教诲）:”Is it not a pleasure to meet friends from afar?” ”Afar” implies different ways of life and philosophies,Confucius’ attitude shows that the Chinese have always highly respected friends from a long way off and aspired to learn from them.At the same time,there existed the wish to present a good image to outsiders.There
is
another
useful
quotation
from
The Analects:”Magistrate（地方行政官）Zigao of the Ye County asked about governance.Confucius replied,’Good governance makes one’s neighbors happy and attracts people from faraway places to come and learn from you.’”
《论语》一开头就记载这孔子的教导：“有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？”“远方” 提示着生活方式和思想观念的差异。孔子的态度也表明了中国人向来把来自远方的人当作可尊敬的朋友来看待，并乐于向他们学习。同时，中国人也希望在域外人面前展示好的形象。《论语》中还有一段记载： “地方官子告问孔子如何治理国家时，孔子答曰：
‘近者悦，远者来’”。Para2 The prosperous Tang Dynasty best exemplified the open and inclusive spirit of Chinese culture as advocated by Confucius.Instead of denial or confrontation, the Tang,from the reign of Emperor Taizong onwards, tolerated and absorbed elements from all cultures that it came into contact with,leading to prosperity in all aspects of social life.由唐太宗开启的大唐盛世，正体现了孔子所表述的这种中国文化精神。大唐盛世在文化上显示了开放和包容的姿势。没有拒绝和冲突，唐代包容吸纳了所接触的外来文化的众多元素，促使社会各个领域呈现繁荣景象。7.Unit9 page82, para.4 Compared with these explorers,Zheng He’s voyages took place much earlier and on a much larger scale.On each of the seven voyages to the Western Seas,his fleet consisted of more than 100 ships, with 62 large and medium-sized ships forming the main body.Crews and other personnel added up to more than 20000.Columbus’ fleet had only three ships and an 88-member crew.Obviously,Zheng He’s fleets were unparalleled during his time in terms of size,navigation technology,organization and amenities（便利设施）,in order to be capable of making those successful long trips.与这些人类航海史的创举相比，郑和下西洋，时间上比他们早，规模上也比他们大得多，郑和每次下西洋，船队都由一二百艘船组成，其中以62艘大中型宝船组成船队主体。船上船员及其他人员总共两万人以上。而后来哥伦布的船队只有3艘船，乘员只有88名。郑和远航的规模之大，技术之先进，组织之严密，设施之便利都是同时代其他远航活动无法比拟的。8.Unit 15 page129,para.1
Today,anyone who knows a little bit about Chinese culture usually knows about Chinese calligraphy.This unique art is related to writing, but speaks of much more than simple,even attractive, penmanship.Actually, although we use “calligraphy” to refer to this art of writing,this English word is unable to cover all its connotations.今天，对中国文化少有了解的人，都或多或少地知道中国书法这种独特的艺术。书法艺术与写字有关，但不等于说，将字写得好看一些，就是书法艺术了。事实上，尽管我们使用英语calligraphy 一词来指书法艺术，但calligraphy 一词还是无法涵盖书法艺术的内涵。9.Unit 19 page171 ,para.2;Cloisonne is a traditional art widely known in and outside China.It is a kind of superb local expertise from Beijing,which combines the skills of bronze art,porcelain,carving,and other types of folk arts.It is deemed valuable in the eyes of collectors, as well as providing refined ornaments for daily use.景泰蓝是驰名中外的传统工艺，集青铜艺术，瓷器和雕刻诸种工艺制作技巧于一身，是一门道地的北京绝活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，又是人们居家使用的精美物品。page.172, para.7 Spring Festival(or Chinese New Year)is the most important traditional festival in China.People celebrate it with lanterns and streamers,no matter where they live, in the countryside or in the city.New Year pictures are an indispensable part of this celebration for each and every household.People put up New Year Pictures in their homes to enhance the lively festive atmosphere.春节是中国最重要的传统节日，一到春节，无论城市农村，人们都要张灯结彩庆贺，张贴年画，是家家户户春节必不可少的节目。人们用年画将家里布置得热热闹闹，增添过年的气氛。page.172, para.8 Most New Year pictures feature designs symbolizing good fortune,auspiciousness（吉利）and festivity.A popular New Year picture entitled Surplus in Successive Years depicts a cute plump baby holding a big carp（鲤鱼）in his arms and a bouquet of lotus flowers in his hand.”Fish”and”surplus”in Chinese have the same pronunciation(yu).Through the homophony（同音异义）of the two words, people express their wishes for affluent（富裕的）lives.年画在内容上多表现为祝福，吉祥和喜庆之意。如一幅广为流传的年画《连年有鱼》，画一个可爱的胖娃娃，怀里抱着一条大鲤鱼，手里拿着一束莲花。“鱼” 和 “余”在汉字中读音相同，通过谐音，以表示生活富足，年年有余。10.Unit22 page207,para.2 It is widely acknowledged that from Ming and Qing dynasties onwards,there are eight major schools of cuisine based on regional cooking.they came from Shandong,Sichuan,Guangdong,Fujian,Jiangsu, Zhejiang,Hunan,and Anhui provinces.In addition to these traditional cuisines,the culinary industry in China has undergone great changes,as almost every place has its own local specialties,and the different cuisines gather in big cities such as Beijing.说起中国饮食，明清以来，公认的有八大菜系，这它们分别是：鲁菜,川菜，粤菜，闽菜，苏菜，浙菜，湘菜，和徽菜。除了这些传统菜系，当今中国，美食地图发生了很大的变化，几乎全国各地都有自己的拿手菜，在北京这样的大城市汇聚了各种地方名菜。11.Unit23 page215,para.1
Tea is a wonderful beverage originally produced in China about 4000 years ago.During the Tang Dynasty,Japanese monks introduced tea seeds to Japan,and by combining tea with Zen Buddhism,created the world-famous Japanese tea ceremony.In the 17th century,the Dutch took to Europe the Chinese habit of tea drinking,which then became a tradition
of the Europeans.In England in particular,people developed the custom of afternoon tea.Prior to the 19th century,all the tea in the world was grown in China,and even the English word “tea” was a transliteration（音译）of the pronunciation of “tea” in the Fujian dialect of China.Tea is an important contribution of the Chinese people to the world.茶，这一美妙的饮品原产地在中国。四千多年前，中国人就开始有饮茶的习惯。唐代时，日本的僧人从中国引入茶种，与同时引入的禅宗思想相结合，形成了闻名世界的日本茶道。17 世纪时荷兰人将中国人饮茶的习惯带到欧洲，进而形成了欧洲人喝茶的传统。尤其在英国，下午茶的习俗由此而生。在19世纪之前，世界各地饮用的茶叶都来自中国。英文中茶叶译为tea,就是根据中文的音译（福建方言“茶”的读音）。茶，是中国人对世界的重要贡献。
IV.Short
Answer questions 1.How did the ancient Silk Road influence Chinese culture?/ What is the significance of the ancient Silk Road? The Silk Road functioned not only as a trade route,but also as a bridge that linked the ancient civilizations of China,India,the Mesopotamian plains,Egypt,and Greece.It also helped to promote the exchange of science and technology between east and west.The Silk Road served as the main channel for ancient China to open up to the outside world, as well as for fresh impulses from other cultures to enter the country,which contributed a significant share to the shaping of Chinese culture.丝绸之路不仅是一条古代通商的道路，它更是连接古代中华文明，印度文明，埃及文明，希腊文明和美索不达米亚文明的纽带。它也为东西方的科学技术交流起到了促进作用。丝绸之路是古老的中国走向世界，接受世界其他地方文明营养的主要通道。中国文化性格的塑造与丝绸之路息息相关。
2.What does filial “piety” mean according to Confucius（孔子认为孝是什么意思？）?
Confucius regarded “filial piety and fraternal duty” as the essence of ren.The Doctrine of the Mean(Zhongyong)quotes Confucius as saying,“The greatest love for people is the love of one’s parents.” 孔子把“孝与兄弟的责任”视为仁的本质。中庸援引孔子的话：“人最伟大的爱是父母的爱。”
How do you understand it（你是怎么理解的？）?
I think filial piety is the basis of being a man, and parents are the most important people in the world.Our life is given by our parents, and we should always be grateful to our parents.我认为孝顺是成为人的基础，父母是世界上最重要的人。我们的生命是由父母给予的，我们应该永远感激我们的父母。
3.What is emphasized in the Confucian philosophy of “life”? Please illustrate it with an example（儒家“生命”哲学强调什么？请举例说明。）.In the Confucian philosophy of “life”, love for and kindness toward all living things are emphasized.在儒家的“生命”哲学中，强调对一切生命的热爱和善待。4.What is the attitude of the Tang Dynasty toward other cultures（唐代对其他文化的态度如何？）? Tang Dynasty tolerated and absorbed elements from all foreign cultures.唐代对外来文化宽容和吸收。
5.Why are Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Seas considered to be the greatest ones compared with the European explorers of his time（为什么郑和的西洋之旅被认为是与他那个时代的欧洲探险家相比最伟大的？）? Because compared with those explorers,Zheng He’s voyages took place much earlier and on a much larger scale.And Zheng He’s ships were also constructed with advanced technology and craft.因为与那些探险家们相比，郑和的航行时间更早，规模更大，郑和的船只也是用先进的技术和工艺建造的。
6.What’ s the meaning of “ren”(仁）(benevolence)according to Confucius（根据孔子，“仁”是什么意思?）? Confucius interpreted ren as “love of people”, which begins with the “love for one’s parents”.孔子把仁解释为“对人民的爱”，从“爱父母”开始。
7.What are important factors when making and drinking tea（沏茶和喝茶的重要因素是什么？）? The Chinese attach great importance to the water,tea leaves,tea set and fire,when making and drinking tea.中国人在沏茶和喝茶的时候非常重视水、茶叶、茶具和火候。8.Why was Tang Capital Chang’an considered to be the largest and the most prosperous international city in the world at the time（为什么唐代长安被认为是当时世界上最大、最繁荣的国际城市？）? The Tang capital Chang’an could be said to be the largest metropolis in the world at the time because of its enormous size, large population and large number of foreign visitors.唐代长安城规模巨大，人口众多，外来游人众多，可以说是当时世界上最大的大都会。
9.How do you understand “ the great virtue is like water”(你是怎么理解上善若水的).“Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing”.To Laozi,humans tend to seek higher positions while water always flows to lower places.Driven by desire,humans like whatever they think is superior while despising whatever they think is inferior.Yet water always flows downward.As the source of life water nourishes all living things on Earth.“水善万物而不争。”在老子看来，人往高处走，水往低处流。人情受欲望驱动，好高而恶下，而水却永远往下流淌。水是生命之源，可以滋润万物，给大地带来生命。
10.What qualities do Chinese calligraphy and dance share（中国书法和舞蹈有什么共同点？）? Both Chinese calligraphy and dance involve movements which are swift, smooth and elegant,slow,gentle and enchanting.中国书画和舞蹈都是动作迅速、流畅、优雅、缓慢、柔和、迷人。
11.According to Confucius ,what qualities are “persons of virtue” supposed to have（根据孔子的说法，“品德人”应该具备什么素质？）? “persons of virtue” should have sound character and uplifted minds.Such persons should be able to shoulder important social responsibilities and to make contributions to society.Confucius regarded lofty ideals,great virtue,love of people, and the “six arts” as the general principles of education.Of these,virtue was the most important.“品德人”要有健全的人格和清醒的头脑，这样的人才能承担起重要的社会责任，为社会做出贡献。他认为崇高的理想，伟大的美德，对人民的热爱，和“六艺”作为教育的基本原则。其中，美德是最重要的。
12.What are the purposes of Zheng He’s missions to the Western Seas（郑和下西洋的任务是什么？）? When Emperor Yongle sent Zheng He on the missions to the Western Seas, he expected to show off the prosperity of the Ming Empire as well as to put his ideals into practice, of making friends with and spreading peace to other countries near and far.永乐皇帝派郑和下西洋，一方面是为了在世人面前显示大明帝国的强盛，另一方面也是为了实现和顺万邦，与远近各国相安无事，以共享太平之福的外交理想。
13.What does the ancient silk road refer to（古丝绸之路指的是什么？）? The Silk Road refers to a transport route connecting ancient China with Central Asia, West Asia,Africa, and the European continent.It appeared as early as the second century and was traveled mainly by silk merchants.丝绸之路是公元前2世纪开始出现的一条联系中国和欧亚大陆的交通要道，由于这条道路开始时以丝绸贸易为主，所以人们便称它为丝绸之路。
14.What do you know about Chinese Calligraphy（你对中国书法了解多少？）?
Chinese calligraphy is a unique art.The line is the foundation, is also the calligrapher calligraphy emotion, spirit, temperament and self-cultivation to reveal the media.Calligraphy is a very important part of Chinese culture.Through calligraphy, we can also see the Chinese outlook on the world and the values.中国书法是一种很独特的艺术。线条是书法的基础、也是书法家表情达意,精神、气质和学养得以流露的媒介。书法是中华文化中非常重要的一员，通过书法也可以看出中国人的世界观和价值观。
What makes the writing of Chinese character an art（是什么使得汉字的书写成为一门艺术？）? The evolution of Chinese calligraphy has benefited from two factors: one is the square shaped pictographic characters, whose beautiful forms provided preliminary conditions for the art of calligraphy;and the other is the writing brush, an important invention in the history of Chinese culture and the basis for calligraphy to germinate and develop.中国书法的发展得益于两个因素：一是方形的象形文字，其美的形式为书法艺术提供了初步的条件； 另一种是毛笔，是中国文化史上的一项重要发明，是书法得以萌芽和发展的基础。
15.Why can Suzhou embroidery stand out（苏州刺绣为什么能脱颖而出？）? 1.In the early 20th century,Portrait of an Italian Queen by the celebrated Suzhou embroiderer Shen Yunzhi(birth and death dates unknown)was presented to Italy as a state gift;上世纪第二十年代初，由著名的苏州刺绣艺术家沈云志创作的意大利女王（出生和死亡日期未知）的肖像作为国礼送给了意大利； 2.Suzhou is abundant in silk and people here and in the surrounding areas are known for their meticulous work style.苏州丝绸资源丰富，这里的人民和周边地区以其一丝不苟的工作作风而闻名。
16.How did the Tang Dynasty tolerate and absorb elements from all cultures it came into contact with（唐朝是如何容纳和吸收它接触到的所有文化的元素的？）? Instead of denial or confrontation, the Tang ,from the reign of Emperor Taizong onwards, tolerated and absorbed elements from all cultures that it came into contact with, leading to prosperity in all aspects of social life.唐朝，从唐太宗统治起，容纳和吸收各种接触到的文化元素而不是否定或对抗，使得社会生活的方方面面异常繁荣。
Tang Dynasty have always highly respected friends from a long way off and aspired to learn from them.At the same time, there existed the wish to present a good image to outsiders.唐朝历来很尊敬远方的朋友，并且渴望从中学习。同时，也存在着向外界展示良好形象的愿望。
17.What are the three most important functions of tea（茶的三大功能是什么？）? To tea drinkers,the first and foremost pleasure derived from drinking tea is “cleaning”;the second important facet is that of “seeking leisure”;the third important feature is that of “paying respect”.对饮茶者来说，饮茶最主要的乐趣是“清洁”；第二个重要方面是“求休闲”；第三个重要特征是“尊重”。
第二篇：英译中国文化经典精读教程
《英译中国文化经典精读教程》总序、前言（21世纪多维英语规划教材）
“21世纪多维英语规划教材”专家委员会
总主编 陆道夫 肖坤学 主编 陆道夫 粟孝君
顾问：何自然梁锦祥
专家委员会成员：（按姓氏音序排列）陈建平（广东外语外贸大学）陈晓茹（广东工业大学）董金伟（广东外语外贸大学）范武邱（中南大学）宫琪（暨南大学）郭雷（华北电力大学）郭英剑（中央民族大学）何高大（华南农业大学）黄运亭（华南理工大学）李月（桂林电子科技大学）凌海衡（华南师范大学）刘洊波（华南理工大学）陆道夫（广州大学）陆国飞（浙江海洋学院）牛保义（河南大学）彭建武（山东科技大学）沈素萍（对外经济贸易大学）王东风（中山大学）王丽丽（福建师范大学）王哲（中山大学）肖坤学（广州大学）谢江南（中国人民大学）辛铜川（广州医科大学）张国申（中国药科大学）张晓红（深圳大学）张广奎（广东财经大学）赵德玉（中国海洋大学）朱跃（安徽大学）
总序
何莲珍（浙江大学外国语学院院长，博士导师）
中国的英语教学近年来取得了骄人的成绩，这是不争的事实。但回溯历史，我国的外语教学即便从清代最早培养译员的京师同文馆算起，也不过100多年。期间受西方语言教学理论与实践的影响，我国的外语教学经历了从传统语言教学到结构主义教学到交际法教学的转变，教学的重点也经历了从知识的传授到技能的培养到交际能力的培养的转变。进入21世纪，我国教育部颁布了《大学英语课程教学要求》（以下简称《课程要求》），对高等学校非英语专业本科生大学英语课程教学提出了一般要求、较高要求和更高要求。一般要求是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生应达到的基本要求，较高要求或更高要求是为有条件的学校根据自己的办学定位、类型和人才培养目标所选择的标准而推荐的。按照《课程要求》，大学英语课程体系应该将综合英语类、语言技能类、语言应用类、语言文化类和专业英语类等必修课程和选修课程有机结合起来，以确保不同层次的学生在英语应用能力方面得到全面的训练和充分的提高。《国家中长期教育改革发展规划纲要（2010—2020年）》也对我国今后十年的高等教育发展提出了明确的目标：完成从数量到质量的转变，进而提高我国高等教育的国际化办学水平，培养大批具有国际视野的跨学科、复合型创新人才。现任美国耶鲁大学校长的理查德·乐文（Richard Levin）教授对我国高校本科教育创新型人才的培养提出了两条有益的建议，令人深思。乐文教授强调要拓宽跨学科的广度，培养批判性思维。前者是要开展通识教育（General Education），后者是要打破思维定式（Thinking Set），这两者是中国学生创新能力持续发展的基础。无独有偶，早在1928年，同样是在美国的耶鲁大学，著名的耶鲁大学报告提出了“头脑的纪律”和“头脑的家具”的惊人之说。专业知识就像脑袋里面装进的家具，在迅速变革的世界中，从长远来讲并没有太多的价值；学生需要的是头脑的纪律或者说思考的框架，让他们适应不断变化的环境，找到解决问题的各种方案，成为主动学习或自觉学习的独立思考者，而不再是被动机械的接受者。在国内外这种教育背景之下，“怎样学习英语”这个古老的话题似乎又有了新的含义。在我看来，学习英语至少有以下两大要素是要铭记在心的。打好语言基本功是英语学习的第一要素。扎实的语言基本功是成为国际化人才的关键。语言基本功包括语言知识和语言技能。语言知识包括语音知识、语法知识、词汇知识等。在大学英语学习阶段，我认为词汇学习不仅要在广度上下功夫，更要在深度上下功夫。语言技能包括领会式技能和复用式技能，两者缺一不可。除此之外，语言基本功还包括交际能力。交际能力包括语言能力，但不仅仅是语言能力，还包括语篇能力、语用能力，一个具有交际能力的学习者不仅能按照语法规则组成语法正确的句子，而且知道何时何地对何人使用这些句子。扩大知识面是英语学习的第二要素。英语中有句俗语：“A jack of all trades and master of none.”中文意思是“样样通一点，样样不精通”，也就是我们中国人所说的“万金油”。作为一个英语学习者，我认为需要有一种成为“万金油”的精神。英语学习者要扩大知识面，千万不要为学英语而英语，要多方面、多途径地涉猎各方面的知识。学习者不仅要了解目标语国家的历史、地理、政治、经济、文化、风俗和科技等方面的情况，更要深入了解本国的历史、文化等方面的情况，从而让自己成为中外文化交流的使者和桥梁，让中国更好地了解世界，让世界更好地了解中国。恐怕没有人会否认，成功的英语学习者除了语言天赋之外，良师的指导和教材的辅助也是功不可没的。随着我国大学英语教学改革的不断深入，英语教学理念也发生了很大的变化。现代英语教学已实现了从“单纯掌握英语语言工具”到“获取信息、有效交流，甚至抢占知识资本和信息资本”的转变，许多英语新课程也都注入了“以人为本”的教育理念，从过去单纯注重知识传授，转变为引导学生学会学习、学会分析、学会思辨、学会批判、学会合作、学会生存、学会做人，打破了过于狭窄的课程设计和教学定位，转而关注通才教育和素质教育。这几年国内的英语教材在国际化视野下实现了内容的优化与整合，从单一到多维，从单项到立体，从语言知识到文化意识，从语言技能的输入到专业案例的实操，教材的多元化可谓精彩纷呈，势在必行。暨南大学出版社与时俱进地研发并精心策划了这套由广州大学陆道夫教授、肖坤学教授总主编的“21世纪多维英语规划教材”，就是在上述这种新的教学理念基础之上，经过多位英语专家教授把关、一线教师教学实践体验、多轮课堂教学检验的一次大胆尝试。“21世纪多维英语规划教材”试图建立一个多维度、跨学科、宽视野的立体化教材资源库。本套教材包括《商务英语跨文化交际》、《新编会展英语实务》、《医学英语视听说教程新编》、《医学英语SCI论文写作教程》、《法律英语翻译教程》、《西方文化英文经典选读》、《英译中国文化经典精读教程》、《英美经典短篇小说阅读教程》、《大学英语人文通识读本》、《大学英语通用翻译教程》、《英语专业学士论文写作教程》等。编写过程中充分考虑到英语学习者输入与输出、语言与文化、知识与能力、个人与社会、历史与现实、理科与人文的多维交叉和相互渗透。整套教材不仅蕴含了丰富的英语语言资源与文化信息，还精选了当代经济生活中的医学英语、商务英语、会展英语、法律英语、涉外翻译等各类真实语境材料，克服了传统英语教材中务虚避实的形式主义流弊，体现了编者们丰厚的教学积累和温馨的人文关怀。能力培养与人格塑造并重，语言运用与思维训练齐举，应该说是本套教材的一大亮点。我相信，暨南大学出版社这套“21世纪多维英语规划教材”，将会给我国21世纪复合型创新英语人才的培养带来新的启迪，做出新的贡献。
前言
陆道夫（广州大学外国语学院教授，硕士生导师）
随着400多所孔子学院近十年来在海外的兴办与发展，中国文化越来越引起国外专家学者、平民百姓的浓厚兴趣。然而，与之相应的中国文化英语教材建设似乎没能实现同步发展。在国内的许多大、中小学，用英语开设中国文化课程的更是少之又少，以至于不少人虽然谈起西方文化如数家珍，可一旦用英语谈起中国文化，就会因为语言障碍和知识匮乏而捉襟见肘。更有甚者，北京大学和清华大学的两位教授竟然把孟子（Mencius）译为“门修斯”或“孟修斯”，把蒋介石（Chiang Kaishek）译成“常凯申”，令人啼笑皆非。不少大学生或老师对那些诸如“拜年”(ahappynewyearwish)、“对联”(couplets)、“科举制”（imperial civil examination system）以及“三纲五常”(three cardinal guides and five constant virtues)之类富有历史内涵的中国文化术语，不知如何用英语表达(见本书附录二“常用中国文化专有术语汉英对照精选”)。在2013年12月新启动的大学英语四级考试的“段落汉译”中，许多考生对“丝绸之路”、“中秋节”、“福、寿、禄”、“中国结”等中国文化专有词汇无从下笔，直呼“坑爹”，有不少考生甚至干脆用汉语拼音代替英译。这无疑暴露了目前我国英语教学对中国文化的漠视和短见。针对这一情况，我们组织了国内几所大学的一线骨干老师，在近几年开设大学英语拓展课“中国文化英语阅读”的基础上，编写了这本《英译中国文化经典精读教程》，试图通过对先哲圣贤们的经典著作的译本选读，挖掘中国文化的精髓，把握中国文化的精神，为中国文化在海外的传播做些力所能及的贡献。《英译中国文化经典精读教程》选择了能够代表中国传统文化的17本经典著作——《诗经》、《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》、《易经》、《道德经》、《庄子》、《文心雕龙》、《战国策》、《史记》、《孙子兵法》、《三国志》与《三国演义》、《金刚经》、《黄帝内经》、《茶经》等，几乎涵盖了中国传统文化能够涉及的文学、哲学、史学、医学、农学、宗教、军事等重要领域。每一单元分为“背景简介”、“文本选读”、“难点释义”、“问题思考”、“经典导读”、“译本链接”等6大板块。
作为“21世纪多维英语规划教材”的一种，《英译中国文化经典精读教程》可与已经出版的《西方文化英文经典选读》配套使用，作为本科生大学英语拓展课程、英语专业高年级选修课程、海外孔子学院中国文化专修课程等的教材。根据我们近三年在广州大学和南方医科大学开设该课程的教学实践，通常情况下，作为大学英语拓展课程，“英译中国文化经典阅读”课程可安排在大学二年级第二学期或大学三年级第一学期开设，英语专业可根据学生的实际英语水平，在大一下学期或大二上学期开设。阅读经典原文是实现本课程教学目标的根本保障，因此教师应严格要求学生按时、按质、按量完成阅读任务。不同的学校可以根据学生的实际水平酌情增减阅读量。为了加深学生对经典的理解，进一步训练学生的思辨能力和独立思考能力，使之能够主动进行立论、辩论或对自己的论点进行修正，主讲教师可以每3～4周集中开展一次讨论课，或者就同一单元的同类主题，或者就不同单元的同类主题展开课堂讨论，或者安排4～5名学生选择本单元中的名家名篇，围绕“问题思考”中提出的问题，作10～15分钟的拓展性学术报告，并展开质疑、反诘、辩驳等形式的小组讨论。该课程的考核不妨以形成性评估为主，终结性评估为辅。形成性评估包括学术报告、学期论文、小组讨论、读书笔记、阅读摘要等。形成性评估旨在考查学生的组织能力、思辨能力和学术写作能力；终结性评估主要以闭卷考试为主，考查学生对中国文化著名思想家、思想名著和相关文化背景的了解和熟悉程度。《英译中国文化经典精读教程》是广州大学、上海外国语大学、广东财经大学、南方医科大学、华南农业大学、安徽工业大学、安徽外国语学院等高校一线老师历时三年通力合作的结果。全书的编写提纲、基本框架、文字修改均由陆道夫负责。全书的篇目选择、稿件统筹和校正则由陆道夫、粟孝君共同负责。本书在编写过程中参考了大量的文献典籍和现有的学术成果，参考文献已附在书后，恕不一一列出，谨致歉意和谢意。特别要感谢“大中华文库·汉英对照”编委会为我们提供的资料帮助；感谢国内及海外各位英译作者提供的优质译文；感谢浙江大学外国语学院院长何莲珍教授百忙之中拨冗赐序；感谢西安外国语大学老校长，著名英语教育家杜瑞清教授的鼓励与支持。感谢广州大学国际交流处处长梁碧茹女士，美国卫斯理安学院副校长Vivia LFowler博士为我们提供的经费资助和资料援助。感谢暨南大学出版社人文分社社长杜小陆先生一以贯之的理解、尊重、支持、奉献与帮助。感谢广州大学、南方医科大学选修“中国文化英语”课程的近600名本科生。我在《羊城晚报》上读过一篇随笔，大意是谈信息碎片化的微博浅阅读与文化经典的深阅读之间的差异，并由此而带来的思维方式和内心感受的不同之处。微博浅阅读只要求读者能在海量的信息碎片中作快速筛查，然后在两个原本没有关联的碎片中去建立联系，并把这种联系以巧妙漂亮的手法呈现出来即可。如此就可以赢得观众的欢呼和掌声。通常情况下，读者无须知道“为什么”，只需判断“是什么”，然后把一系列的“是什么”组合起来便大功告成。然而，文化经典的深度阅读则需要读者能够持续专注在书本上，集中全部精力，在阅读的同时必须深度思考。这种深度阅读的过程漫长而连续，且常常伴随着静思和默想。令人遗憾的是，碎片化的微博浅阅读在当下却大行其道，越来越多的手机或iPad“低头族”们其实与一台自动机器并无二致：他（她）们用眼睛读取一条信息碎片，用机械式的手指不断刷屏，作出转发、回复、跳过三种选择。这种过程周而复始，无穷无尽。在此，我禁不住想套用英国小说家狄更斯在其小说《双城记》中的开头几句来勾勒当下的某些时代特征：这是一个物质泛滥的时代，又是一个精神匮乏的时代；这是一个欲望蒸腾的时代，又是一个奢华浮躁的时代；这是一个信息超载的时代，又是一个心灵闭塞的时代；这是一个娱乐至死的流行文化时代，又是一个细品慢咽的高雅文化时代。匆匆的时代步伐，疾风暴雨式的全球化浪潮，每个人的内心和自我因此而受到不同方向的牵引，或离散，或纷乱，终至信仰缺失。不少人拜金、拜物、拜权势，甚至愚昧拜神仙，结果丢掉了“独立之精神，自由之思想”，不仅“奴在身”，而且“奴在心”，一味追名逐利，罔顾人格，贪慕虚荣，尽失尊严。所幸的是，在这样的时代，我们仍然有幸能够沉寂片刻，真真切切地去品读中国先哲圣贤们留下的文化经典之优、之美、之智、之深，这不仅是一种奢侈，而是一种福气。因为老祖宗给我们留下的这些文化经典，经过历史长河的洗涤和冲刷，是一种超越物质流俗的性灵之说、感悟之言和生命呐喊。对于那些每每徘徊、恍惚甚至有些迷惘的当下人来说，阅读这些圣贤经典，在某种程度上算是驳杂之中的单纯、重压之下的逃逸、欲望沟壑的真理；在很大程度上可以给我们带来人文的温暖、乡愁的慰藉、现实的观照和历史的反思。鲁迅先生曾经说过：“惟有民魂是值得宝贵的，惟有它发扬起来，中国才有真进步。” 何谓民魂？传统文化经典无疑是其核心之一。我也深信，“腹有诗书气自华”，“红袖添香夜读书”。阅读经典，“会晤”大师；品味经典，领悟大师；阐释经典，效仿大师。身处21世纪的我们这一代人，应该从中国文化经典中摄取精粹，让科学和理性在生命中绽放，让现实生活中的平庸、枯燥、无奇、丑陋和虚伪遁无去处，让人生旅程中的迷茫、彷徨、孤独、消沉、苦闷、恐惧等全都远离我们的心灵家园。阅读文化经典，应该是一个民族灵魂的核心所在，是一个民族精神的支撑载体，是一个民族文化的本质彰显，是一个民族热情力量的释放。一个民族固然需要时尚阅读、娱乐阅读、消费阅读、功利阅读、实用阅读，但是，深度的文化经典阅读之美、之乐、之智其实更能持久地或潜移默化地影响我们日渐空虚的精神世界，净化我们欲望蒸腾的心灵空间。衷心期望这本《英译中国文化经典精读教程》能够达到这样的编写目的。衷心期盼来自各位专家和读者的批评指正。
目录
Unit One
The Book of Poetry（《诗经》)Unit Two
The Great Learning（《大学》）Unit Three The Doctrine of the Mean（《中庸》）Unit Four
The Analects（《论语》）Unit Five
Mencius（《孟子》）Unit Six
The Book of Changes（《易经》）Unit Seven Dao De Jing（《道德经》）Unit Eight
Zhuang Zi（《庄子》）Unit Nine
Wenxin Diaolong（《文心雕龙》）
Unit Ten
Records on the Warring States Period（《战国策》）Unit Eleven
Records of the Historian（《史记》）Unit Twelve Sun Zi：The Art of War（《孙子兵法》）
Unit Thirteen Records of the Three Kingdoms & Romance of the Three Kingdoms（《三国志》与《三国演义》）Unit Fourteen The Diamond Sutra（《金刚经》）Unit Fifteen Huangdi Neijing（《黄帝内经》）Unit Sixteen The Classic of Tea（《茶经》）Appendix 1 Chinese Text（汉语文本原文）
Appendix 2 Bilingual Glossary of Chinese Culture（常用中国文化专有术语汉英对照精选）
Appendix 3 Booklists of “Library of Chinese Classics(Chinese-English)”《大中华文库》（汉英对照）部分书目 References（参考文献）
样章浏览 《诗经》
Cooing and Wooing(Songs of Zhou)By riverside are cooing。
A pair of turtledoves①;A good young man② is wooing，A fair maiden he loves.Water flows left and right Of cresses③ here and there;The youth yearns day and night。For the good maiden fair.His yearning grows so strong，He cannot fall sleep.He tosses all night long，So deep in love，so deep.Now gather left and right The cresses sweet and tender!O lute，play music brightFor the bride sweet and slender!Feast friends at left and right With cresses cooked tender!O bells and drums，delight The bride so fair and slender!(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)
第三篇：党校《英语》复习题答案
一、词类转换
1.potato（复数）potatoes 11.empty（过去式）emptied
2.policeman（复数）policemen 12.say(过去式）said
3.shelf（复数）shelves 13.wash(三单）washes
4.baby（复数）babies 14.have（三单）has
5.put on（反义词）take off 15.twenty（序数词）twentieth
6.full（反义词）empty 16.second（基数词）two
7.turn off(反义词）turn on17.France（国籍）French
8.heavy（反义词）light 18.Greece（国籍）greek
9.type（现在分词）typing 19.Canadian（国家）Canada
10.shut(现在分词）shutting 20.German（国家）Germany
二、完成对话 1.A:_How are you?_2 B: I’m very well, thank you.2.A: How old is your daughter?_B: My daughter is six years old.3.A: What’s the time ?(9:30)B: It’shalf past nine.4.A: What’s the date today ?(2010.1.17)B: It’sJanuary17th ,2010.5.A: What make is it ?B: It’s a Toyota.It’s a Japanese car.6.A: Where does he come from?B: He comes from Italy.7.A: What’s your job ?(engineer)B: I’m an engineer.8.A: What’s the climate like in your country ?(hot, south , cold ,north)B: It’shot in the south and cold in the north.9.A: What’s the matter with him?_B: He has a bad cold.10.A:Where do they live?_B: They live at 87 King Street.11.A: Sophie, this is Hans.He is German.B:_Nice to meet you, Hans.12.A : who is she?B: She’s anairhostess.13.A: How are you today?B: I’m fine, thank you.14.A: What color is your new dress?(green)B: It’sgreen.15.A :What’s the matter with him, doctor?(bad cold)B: _he has a bad cold.16: What’s the climate like your country?(hot, summer , cold, winter)
B: It’shotinsummerandcoldinwinter.17.A: What make is it ?(Ford , American)B: It’s a Ford.It’s an American car.18.A: Where were you just now ?(greengrocer’s)B: I was at the greengrocer’s.19.A: When were you in Turkey?(1990)B: I was in Turkey in 1990.20.A :What day is it?(Sunday)B: It’sSunday.三、介词、代词或冠词填空
1.Mr.Jones and his family are walking __over___the bridge.2.The cats are running _along___the wall.3.Don’t play _with_____matches.6.The children are jumping ___on___the branch.4.She was born ___in__ Germany.5.We were _at___the stationer’s on Monday.6.The boys are swimming _across___the river.7.It’s 9 o’clock.The children are going _into___the class.8.She isn’t French.She is __from__Spain.9.It’s warm enough in the room.You can take ___off__ your coat.10.The ship is going _under___the bridge.11.She goes to shopping _on______Sunday..12.Mary is sittingbetween____her mother and her father 13.Give Tom this book.Give ___him__ this one ,too.14.That is my coat.Give _me_____ my coat please.15.Those are our umbrellas.Give __us___ our umbrellas.16.Is this Helen’s dog? No, it’s not._Her__ dog is brown and white.17.Is this your father’s tie? No, it’s not.__His__ tie is orange.18.Are these the children’s books? No, they’re not.__Their_ books are red.19.Those girls are busy._They_____ are the keyboard operators.20.Look at our office assistant.__He(she)____ is very hard working.21.Is there _any______ bread in the kitchen?
22.There’sa__ loaf on the table.23.There isn’tany__ chocolate
24.There’s __some__ coffee on the table.25.My wife was at _the__ butcher’s on Wednesday.26._The__ sun shine every day.四、选择填空
1.(A)He isn’t driving to work today.he’s going _______
A.on footB.by carC.by aeroplane
2.(C)I’m not staying at home.I’m going to the _______
A.churchB.schoolC.shops
3.(B)Are you doing your ________, children ?
A.houseworkB.homeworkC.job
4.(B)Jimmy must _______in bed for another tow days.A.goB.remainC.get up
5.(A)Please don’t ______any noise , children.A.makeB.haveC.keep
6.(C)You must _______the classroom clean.A.haveB takeC.keep
7.(A)You mustn’t talk in a ______.You must be quiet.A.libraryB.living-roomC.kitchen
8.(B)Jean ______the floor every day.A.makesB.sweepsC.sweep
9.(B)Please _____the television.A.take offB.turn onC open
10.(C)Open the window and _______the room.Tim.A sweepB lookC.air
11(A)Mrs.Jones is ______dinner in the kitchen.A cookingB.readingC.dusting
12.(B)Who are you waiting _______?
A.aboutB.forC.across
13.(C)The knife is blunt.Will you _______it please?
A.makeB.dustC.sharpen
14.(A)You must _____me the truth.A.tellB.askC.find.15.(A)We _____the radio every day.A.listen toB.watchC look
16.(B)We _____the radio every day.A.lookB.listen toC.watch
17.(A)You mustn’t talk in a _____.You must be quiet.A.libraryB.kitchenC.living-room
18.(B)Are you doing your ____children?
A.houseworkB.homeworkC.job
19.(C)We ____ourselves at the party yesterday.A.enjoyingB.enjoyC.enjoyed
20.(B)She ___the bed now.A.makesB.is makingC.make
21.(A)What’s the matter with him? He ____ill
A.looksB lookingC.looked
22.(B)He usually ____to school by bike.But this morning he is going to school
by bus.A.goB.goesC.walking
23.(B)There is ____milk in the bottle.A.anyB.someC.many
24.(A)I can see ______ cups, but I can’t see ____ dishes.A.some;anyB.any;someC.much many
25.(B)There is ____bread on the table.A.a bar ofB.a loaf ofC.a pound of
26.(A)He comes from _______
A the U.SB.AmericanC.English
27.(C)Does it often ____in winter?
A.showsB.snowingC.snow
28.(B)He is ill.He must _____some medicine.A.makeB.takeC.takes
29.(A)A: What time is it?B: It’s _______(10:50)
A.ten to elevenB.fifty past tenC.ten to ten
30.(B)A: Thank you.B: __________
A No thanksB.You are welcomeC.Never mind
31.(C)I was at _____ churchon Sunday.A.theB.aC./
32.(A)My son was at ________ school on Tuesday.A./B.theC.a
33.(B)I was ________ home on Saturday.A.aB./C.the
34.(A)My wife was at _______ grocer’s on Thursday.A.theB.aC./
35.(C)She can type very well, but he ______.A.doesn’tB.isn’tC.can’t
36.(A)He likes coffee, but I ______.A.don’tB.am notC.didn’t
37.(A)They are working very hard, but we _______.A.aren’tB.don’tC.can’t
38.(B)Is that Mr.Jackson’s hat? No, it isn’t._____ hat is black.A.heB.hisC.him
39.(A)Are these your pens? No, they ‘re not._____ pens are blue.A.ourB.usC.we
40.(A)The second day of a week is _______.A.MondayB.TuesdayC.Sunday
41.– How are you?.--____B____
A.How do you do?B.Fine, thank you.And you?C.Nice to see you.42.--Thank you very much.--______B______________
A.No thanksB.You are welcomeC.Never mind
43.A: I’m sorry.B: __A_______
A.Never mindB.Forgive meC No, you are kind.五、句型转换
1.He’s a policeman（变成复数）They are policmen.2.I’m an air hostess /a nurse（变成选择疑问句）Are you an air hostess or a nurse?
3.You mustn’t take this medicine.（变成祈使句）Don’t take this medicine.4.They are going to do it at once.（变成否定句）They aren’t gong to do it at noce.5.Emma isn’t cold（用反义词改写句子）Emma ishot.6.She comes from the U.S（表示她的国籍）She isAmerican.7.This watch is Steven’s（就划线部分提问）Whose watch is this? 8.He is going to pain it pink.（就划线部分提问）What color is he going to paint it? 9.Mrs.Sawyer usually sees her friends in the afternoon.(就划线部分提问）What does she do in the afternoon?
10.The man is going to wait for a bus.（就划线部分提问）What is the man going to do? 11.I want a large pad of writingpaper（就划线部分提问）What do you want?
12.Mrs.Williams was at the grocer’s on Wednesday.就划线部分提问）
Where is Mrs.Williams on Wednesday? 13.They are customs officer.（就划线部分提问）What aretheir job? 14.The boss answered the telephone.（就划线部分提问）Who answered the telephone? 15.She is a hairdresser.（就划线部分提问）What is herjob?
16.There is a watch on the table.（变成复数）There are some watches on the table.17.They like ice cream.（变成一般疑问句）Do they like ice cream?
18.He cleaned his shoes yesterday.（变成一般疑问句）Did he clean his shoes yesterday?
19.There is a newspaper on the desk.（变成否定句）There isn’t a newspaper on the desk.20.He has a headache.（变成否定句）He doesn’thave a headache.24.This umbrella is Emma’s（就划线部分提问）Whoseis thisumbrella? 25.I want alarge pad of writingpaper（就划线部分提问）What do you want?
26.Mrs.Jones was at the butcher’s on Monday.（就划线部分提问）
WhenwasMrs.Jones at the butcher’s
27.Mrs.Williams was at the grocer’s on Wednesday.（就划线部分提问）
Where and when does Mrs.Williams at? 28.The boss answered the telephone.（就划线部分提问）Who answered the telephone? 29.She is an hairdresser.（就划线部分提问）What’s her job?
30.I have a new car.（用第三人称改写句子）He has a new car.六、英译汉
*1.A: Which season do you like best?
B: I like spring and summer.The days are long and the nights are short.The sun rises early and sets late.A:你最喜欢什么季节？
B:我喜欢春天我夏天，白昼长夜晚短，太阳升起的早落下的晚。
*2.There is a car race near our town every year.In 1995, there was a very big race.我们镇附近每年都会举办车赛，1995年那里进行了一场大型比赛。
3.Come upstairs and see my new dress.Look!Here it is.That’s a nice dress.It’s very smart.上楼来看看我的新裙子，看，在这，这件裙子真好看,真漂亮。
4.You are better now , but you mustn’t get up yet.You must stay in bed for another tow days.你现在已经好多了，但是你还不能马上起床，你必须再卧床休息两天。
5.Here is another photograph of the village.My wife and I are walking along the bank of the river.这是另一张这个村落的照片，我和我妻子正在延着河岸行走。
6.A: Can you make the tea, Sam?
B: Yes.Of course.I can.Is there any water in this kittle?
A: Yes there is.A：能沏点茶吗？萨姆？B:我当然可以，壶里有水吗？A:有水。
7.A: Which season do you like best ?
B: I like spring and summer.The days are long and the night are short.The sun rises early and sets late.A:你最喜欢什么季节？B:我喜欢春天我夏天，白天长夜晚短，太阳升的早落的晚。
8.A: How are you all keeping ?
B: Very well.Thank you.We’re going to spend three days in the country.A: 你们怎么样？B：很好，谢谢。我们将在乡下待三天。
9.A.What’s the matter with him, doctor?
B．He has a bad cold , Mr.Williams.So he must stay in bed for a week.A：大夫，他什么病？B：他得了重感冒，威廉先生，所以他必须卧床一周。
10.In the morning , Mr.Sawyer goes to work and children go to school, their father take them to school every day.早晨，索耶先生去上班，孩子们去上学，他们的父亲每天送他们去学校。
七、汉译英（每题2分，共10分）
1.四五月份天气总是暖洋洋的。但有时下雨。
It is always warm in April and May.But it rains sometimes.2.我最喜欢春季和夏季。因为此时白天长而夜晚短，太阳生得早而
晚。
I like spring and summer.The days are long and the nights are short.The sun rises late and sets erly.3.这是我们村庄的一张照片。我们的村庄坐落在一个山谷之中。
This is a photograph of our village.Our village is in a valley.4.早上，索耶先生去上班、孩子们去上学。父亲每天送孩子们去上学。
In the morning.Mr.Sawyer goes to work and the children go to school.Their father takes them to school every day.5.在晚上，索耶先生总是读报纸，但有时和他的妻子看电视。
At night, Mr.Sawyer usually reads his newspaper,but sometimes he and his wife watch television.6.A: 我想要一大盒粉笔。
A:I want a large box of chalk.B: 我们只有小盒的。您要一盒吗？
B:We only have small boxes.Do you want one?
A: 不了，谢谢。
A:No, thank you.7.在回家的途中，我的妻子对我说；“别开得那么快！
On the way home, my wife said to me, ‘Don’t drive so quickly!’
8.教室里有很多学生。他们正在看书。
There are many students in the classroom.They are reading books.9.A：孩子们在干什么？
What are the children doing?
B：他们正在河里游泳。
They are swimming in the river.10.A：她牙痛吗？
Does she have a toothache?
B：不，她耳朵痛。所以她必须去看病。
No, she has an earache.So she must see a doctor.11.史密斯夫人的客厅很大。客厅里有台电视机，一张桌子和几把扶手椅。
Mrs.Smith’s living room is large.There is a television,there is a table and there are some armchairs in the living room.12.我们打算到乡下去三天，在我母亲家度周末.We’re going to spend three days in the country.We’re going to stay at my mother’s for the weekend.13.--请你把这封信给老板打一下 可以吗？，帕梅拉？
Can you type this letter for the boss please, Pamela?
--可以，当然可以
Yes, of course I can.14.你现在好些了，但你还不应该起床。你必须再卧床两天。
Yor are better now,but you mustn’t get up yet.You must stay in bed foranother two days.15.他每天可以起来两个小时，但您必须保持房间温暖。
He can get up for about two hours each day, but you must keep the room warm.16.这是学校大楼。它位于公园的旁边。
This is the school building.It si beside a park.
第四篇：国际商贸英语函电教程 答案
Lesson 1
Part 1
1.Through the introduction of our branch in your country
2.you are one of the leading exporters of furniture
3.we shall appreciate it if you send us your price-list
4.you are interested in electric fans
5.To acquaint you with the various kinds of crafts we handle
6.your early reply
Part 2
understandestablishwithlargecataloguesappreciate
samplessupplytoreplybenefit
Part 3
1.By the courtesy of Huamei Company, we are given to understand the name and address.2.We shall appreciate it if you send us your samples immediately.3.We trust there is a good prospect for our business through our close cooperation.4.We specialize in the export of Chinese cotton textile and wish to establish business relations with you.1.我方有幸在广交会上看到贵方的产品，对其高品质和低价格印象颇深。
2.我方有幸自荐希望与贵方建立贸易关系。
3.我方从欧洲和美国进口了大量的食品，也因此自认为在此业界拥有丰富的经验。
4.期待贵方的回复。
Part 4
Dear Sirs,We have obtained the name and address of your company from Johnson&Co.New York, with whom we have done business for many years.We specialize in the import of light industrial products.We trust we can sell quantities of Chinese goods if your prices are competitive.Please send us the necessary information regarding your products for export.Yours faithfully,Lesson 2
Part 1
1.a lot of our clients are interested in walnut meat.2.We can offer
3.learned your name and address from Chamber of Commerce.4.If your price-list is reasonable
5.you are willing to establish direct business relations with us
6.comes within the scope of our business activities.Part2
Commercialpasseddesirebusinesscorporationinform
commoditiesinterestedscopecatalogueinformationreply
part 3
1.We are writing to you in the hope of establishing business relations with you.2.We learn from our market investigation that you are interested in importing leather products.3.To acquaint you with the products we handle, we enclose several samples.4.Our products have enjoyed a good reputation and we are sure they will have great potentiality of the market in your country.1.得知贵方是中国绿茶的潜在买家，此商品正属我们的经营范围。
2.我们经营中国食品的进口，希望与贵方建立业务关系。
3.请向东京银行查询，该行将乐于提供您所需要的有关我方财务状况的资料。
4.按照要求我们寄去了样品册和价目单以供参考，如有任何感兴趣的物品，请告知详情。
Part 4
Dear Sirs,By the courtesy of the Commercial Councilor’s office of the Embassy of China in your country, we’re given to understand that you are the leading exporters of Wooden Sweaters.We have the pleasure to introduce ourselves.We are state-owned corporation and specializing in the export of sweaters.We are writing to you in the hope of establishing business relations with you.To acquaint you with our products, we’re enclosing a copy of catalogue for your reference.I look forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,Lesson 3
Part 1
1.who will be pleased to give you the information you require
2.if could let us have your opinion on the reputation and financial standing of the firm
3.T he company you enquired about
4.not to enter into any business relations
5.information regarding the firm you require
6.strictly confidential
part 2
surprisereferencereputablefinancialordersinvolvedcomparedmentionedsettledenquiresinformationconfidence
part 3
1.The firm you enquire is the most reliable importer in our district and have enjoyed a good reputation among the traders.2.They are in difficult financial standing and unable to meet the obligation.3.We have no certain knowledge of the firm and shall appreciate if you could let us have your opinion on the reputation and financial standing of it.4.The information you have given us is to be treated as strictly confidential.1.2.3.4.我方档案中没有您所询问公司的资料。我方建议贵方与所询问公司进行交易是务必小心谨慎。该公司声誉良好，资金储备雄厚。贵银行为我们所获得的有关该公司的财务状况的信息资料将会严格保密并且贵行可以不负任何责任。
Part 4
Dear Sirs,In reply to your letter of Oct.6, we give you the following information.The company you said is an old-established one who has long enjoyed a great reputation.We nave done business with them for many years and know them really reliable.This information is given in our personal opinion.We must ask you to treat in strict confidence and without any responsibility on our part.Yours faithfully,Lesson 4
Part 1
1.there is a good prospect for our market
2.your detailed export terms
3.Please let us know the price for this article
4.a copy of catalogue and a price-list of your products
5.it if you can quote CIF London.Part 2
informedmanufacturingvarioussteadyappreciatesendingdetailedillustrationtermsconcerning
part 3
1.We have obtained that you are specializing in exporting a variety of light industrial products.
第五篇：C#程序设计教程期末复习题及答案
习题 1
一、选择题
1．在C#中 B 都是对象。
A 任何类型 B 任何事物 C 任何代码 D 任何技术 2．对象包含数据和 A 的方法。
A 在该数据上工作 B 调用 C 函数调用 D 传递参数 3．一个类是 D 的蓝本。
A 数据集合 B 函数集合 C 方法集合 D 给定功能集合 4．.NET构架包含公用语言运行时期和 B。5．.NET的核心是 A。
A CLR B Windows2000 C DNA D 分解平台 6．C#程序以 B 扩展名保存编写的程序。A.CS B.PS C.CSS D.SC 7．System是 B 的命名空间。
A 存储系统类 B 控制台类 C I/O操作 D 新项目 8．namespace用于声明 B。
A 新项目 B 一个命名空间 C 类与方法 D 指令 9．每个C#程序必须有一个 D 方法。A 类方法 B 构造方法 C Main D 重载方法
二、问答题
1.面向对象编程的三大原则是什么？ 答：封装、继承和多态性。2.封装是什么？
答：封装是用于隐藏对象实际的制作细节。3.继承是什么？
答：继承是在建立新的特定对象时，可以使用现有对象的功能性。4.多态性是什么？
答：多态性是程序代码能够依据实际对象所需而进行不同的行为。5..NET的核心构件包括哪些？ 答：（1）.NET构造块服务或有计划的访问某些服务。
（2）将在新的Internet设备上运行的.NET设备软件。（3）.NET用户经验。6.CLR的作用是什么？
答：CLR是.NET的核心，它是一个运行时期环境，在该环境中，以不同语言编写的应用程序均能始终运行。
三、编程题
使用.NET代码编辑器编写一个C#应用程序，以在屏幕打印出：
C# is the Component-oriented language in C and C++ family of language.要求：
（1）使用using System命名空间，即定位System命名空间的Console类。（2）不使用using System命名空间，即System命名空间的Console类。（3）使用using指令的别名，即使用using创建using的别名。答案：（1）
//Example1.cs Using System;Class Example1 { Public static void Main(){ Console.Write(“C# is the Component-oriented language ”);Console.WriteLine(“in C and C++ family of language.”);} }（2）
//Example2.cs Class Example1 { Public static void Main(){ System.Console.Write(“C# is component-oriented language”);System.Console.WriteLine(“in C and C++ family language.”);
} }(3)Example3.cs Using output=System.Console;Class Example1
Public static void Main(){ Output.Write(“C# is component-oriented language”);}
习题2
一、选择题
1．C#的数据类型有 A 和 C 两种。
A 值类型 B 调用类型 C 引用类型 D 关系类型 2．C#的值类型包括 A、B 和 D 三种。A 枚举 B 基本类型 C 整形 D 结构 E浮点型 F 字符型
3．C#的引用类型包括 A、B、C、F、G 和 H 六种。
A string B object C 类 D float E char F 数组G 代表 H 4．装箱是把值类型转换到 B 类型。
A 数组 B 引用 C char D string 5．拆箱是引用类型返回到 C 类型。
A string B char C 值 D 数组 6． A 类型是所有类型的根。
接口 A System.Object B object C string D System.Int32 7．从派生类到基类对象的转换是 B 类型转换。A 显示 B 隐式 C 自动 D 专向 8．从基类到派生类对象的转换是 D 类型转换。A 隐式 B 自动 C专向 D 显示 9．强制转换对象可以使用 B 关键字实现。A is B as C this D object 10．命名空间用于定义 A 的作用域。
A 应用程序 B 有关类型 C 多重源代码 D 层次结构 11．using关键字用于 B 命名空间中的Console对象。A Console B System C Object D Int32
二、填空题
1．下列程序的运行结果是 99.44。//Exam1.cs using System;class Using { public static void Main(){ int i=918;float f=10.25f;short sh=10;double d=11.19;Console.WriteLine(i+f+sh+d);} } 2．下列程序的运行结果是 25.5。//Exam2.cs using System;class Using { public static void Main(){ int i=5;float f=5.1f;Console.WriteLine(i*f);} }
二、编程题
1． 已知a=1，b=2，c=3，x=2，计算y=ax+bx+c之值。2． 已知圆的半径Radius=2.5，计算圆的面积。（PI=3.14159）要求：
（1）使用基本方法；（2）使用装箱与拆箱；
（3）输出以double，float，int，decimal，short表示；（4）使用object类与类型转换；（5）使用派生类与as。答案： 1． 方案一： //YValue.cs using System;class Using { public static void Main(){ int a=1,b=2,c=3,x=2,y;y=(a*x+b)*x+c;Console.WriteLine(“y={0}”,y);} } 方案二：
//YValue1.cs using System;class Using { public static void Main(){ int a=1,b=2,c=3,x=2;Console.WriteLine(“y={0}”,(a*x+b)*x+c);} } 2．
（1）使用基本方法 方案一：
//CircleAreaApp.cs using System;class CircleAreaApp { public static void Main(){ double Radius=2.5,Area;Area=3.14159*Radius*Radius;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,Area);} } 方案二：
//CircleAreaApp1.cs using System;class CircleAreaApp { public static void Main(){ double Radius=2.5;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,3.14159*Radius*Radius);} }（2）使用装箱与拆箱 //CircleAreaApp2.cs using System;class CircleAreaApp { public static void Main(){ double Radius=2.5;double Area=3.14159*Radius*Radius;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,Area);object obj=Area;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(double)obj);} }（3）输出以double，float，int，decimal，short表示 //CircleAreaApp3.cs using System;class CircleAreaApp { public static void Main(){ double Radius=2.5;double Area=3.14159*Radius*Radius;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,Area);Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(float)Area);Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(int)Area);Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(decimal)Area);Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(short)Area);} }（4）使用object类与类型转换 //CircleAreaApp4.cs using System;class Circle { public double Radius=2.5;} class CircleAreaAPP { public static void Main(){ Circle cir=new Circle();double Area=3.14159*cir.Radius*cir.Radius;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,Area);Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(float)Area);object obj=(float)Area;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(float)obj);} }（5）使用派生类与as //CircleAreaApp5.cs using System;class Circle {} class CircleAreaAPP:Circle { public static void Main(){ double Radius=2.5;double Area=3.14159*Radius*Radius;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,Area);Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(float)Area);object obj=(float)Area;Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”,(float)obj);Circle cir=new Circle();Console.WriteLine(“cir={0}”,cir==null?“null”:cir.ToString());CircleAreaAPP cirA=new CircleAreaAPP();cirA=cir as CircleAreaAPP;Console.WriteLine(“cirA={0}”,cirA==null?“null”:cirA.ToString());} }
习题3
一、选择题
1．字符串的输入使用 B 方法。
A)Cosole.Read()B)Cosole.ReadLine()C)Cosole.Write()D)Cosole.In.read()2．用于格式化输出十进制数的符号是 C。
A)C B)E C)D D)G E)N F)X 3．用于格式化输出浮点数的符号是 D。A)C B)D C)G D)F E)N F)X 4．用于格式完整日期/时间模式（长时间）的符号是 A。A)D B)F C)G D)M E)R F)S 5．用于格式完整日期/时间模式（短时间）的符号是 C。A)D B)f C)g D)d E)F F)G
二、编程题
1．从键盘输入一个小写字母，然后输出所输入的小写字母后其对应单代码值。2．从键盘输入两个浮点数，然后输出这两个数相加的结果（要求小数后取4位）。3．从键盘输入年、月、日的数值，然后用完整的日期事件格式化输出。答案： 1．
//CharValue.cs using System;public class CharValue { public static void Main(){ Console.Write(“Enter an char:”);char ch = char.Parse(Console.ReadLine());//or char ch=(char)Console.Readline();Console.WriteLine(ch);Console.WriteLine((int)ch);} }
2．//TwoFloatAddition.cs using System;public class TwoFloatAddition { public static void Main(){ Console.Write(“Enter a float:”);float f1= float.Parse(Console.ReadLine());Console.Write(“Enter a float:”);float f2 = float.Parse(Console.ReadLine());Console.WriteLine(“Result of addition for two float is: {0:F4}”,f1+f2);} }
3．//DateTimeFormat.cs using System;using System.Globalization;public class DateTimeFormat { public static void Main(String[] args){ Console.Write(“Enter year month day: ”);string s = Console.ReadLine();DateTime s1 = DateTime.Parse(s);Console.WriteLine(“d {0:d}”,s1);Console.WriteLine(“D {0:D}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“f {0:f}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“F {0:F}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“g {0:g}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“G {0:G}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“m {0:m}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“M {0:M}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“r {0:r}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“R {0:R}”, s1);Console.WriteLine(“s {0:s}”, s1);} }
习题4 1．以下运算符的运算符优先级，D 最高，E 最低。A)+ B)<< C)| D)（）E)|| F)++ 2．以下运算符中，A 是三目运算符。
A)?: B)--C)= D)<= 3．在堆栈上创建对象和调用构造函数时，通常使用 B 关键字。A)typeof B)new C)as D)is 4． A 用于获取系统的System.Type类型。
A)typeof B)new C)sizeof D)is
二、写出下列程序执行结果。1．运行结果。//Increment1.cs using System;public class Increment1 { public static void Main(){ int i1=1993,i2=11,i3=19;Console.WriteLine(“i1={0},i2={1},i2={2}”,i1,i2,i3);i1=i3;Console.WriteLine(“i1={0},i2={1},i2={2}”,i1,i2,i3);i3+=i2;Console.WriteLine(“i1={0},i2={1},i2={2}”,i1,i2,i3);i1=i2+i3;Console.WriteLine(“i1={0},i2={1},i2={2}”,i1,i2,i3);i1++;++i2;i3=i1++ + ++i2;Console.WriteLine(“i1={0},i2={1},i2={2}”,i1,i2,i3);} }
2．运行结果：。//Increment2.cs using System;public class Increment2 { public static void Main(){ int a,b;a = b = 1;b = a / ++b;Console.WriteLine(“a={0} b={1}”,a,b);b = a++-i1);Console.WriteLine(---i1);Console.WriteLine(i2---i3);Console.WriteLine(i4---i5);Console.WriteLine(-i6---i7);Console.WriteLine(i8++/ ++i9*--i10);Console.WriteLine(++i11/i12++ *--i13);Console.Read();} }
三、编程题
1．输入两个整数，输出它们（实数除）的商，并输出商的第2位小数位（例如：5/18.0=1.875, 1.875的第二位小数是7）。
2．输入圆球的半径，计算圆球的表面积（4πr）和体积（4πr/3），其中π=3.14159。3．输入秒数，把它转换为用小时、分、秒表示。例如，输入7278秒，则输出2小时1分18秒。4．计算x=ab+5ln(1+c)要求：
（1）输出结果以科学表示法、定点表示法（小数点后保留两位）和普通表示法表示。（2）输出结果以整数表示并指明当前工作的日期和时间。
5．计算答案： 1．
//RealDivide.cs using System;public class RealDivide
3223 { public static void Main(){ Console.WriteLine(“Enter two integers:”);string[] s = Console.ReadLine().Split();;int a = int.Parse(s[0]);int b = int.Parse(s[1]);float f = 1.0f * a / b;int c=(int)(f*100)%10;Console.WriteLine(“Result of real divide is : {0}”,f);Console.WriteLine(“Second place of decimals is : {0}”,c);} }
2．//SphereA.cs using System;public class Sphere { public static void Main(){ Console.Write(“Enter the radius of sphere: ”);string s = Console.ReadLine();double radius = double.Parse(s);double surfaceArea = 4 * Math.PI * radius * radius;double Volume = 4 * Math.PI * radius * radius * radius / 3;Console.WriteLine(“SurfaceArea={0}”,surfaceArea);Console.WriteLine(“Volume={0}”,Volume);} }
3．//HourMinuteSecond.cs using System;public class HourMinuteSecond { public static void Main(){ int hour, minute, second;Console.Write(“Enter numbers of second:”);string s = Console.ReadLine();second = int.Parse(s);hour = second / 3600;second %= 3600;minute = second / 60;second = second % 60;Console.WriteLine(“{0} hour {1} minute {2} second”,hour,minute,second);} }
4． //ValueX.cs using System;using System.Globalization;public class ValueX { public static void Main(){ double a, b, c, x;Console.Write(“Enter three numbers: ”);string[] s = Console.ReadLine().Split();a = double.Parse(s[0]);b = double.Parse(s[1]);c = double.Parse(s[2]);x = a * Math.Pow(b, 3)+ 5 * Math.Log(1 + c * c);Console.WriteLine(“x={0:E}ttx={1:F2}ttx={2:G}”, x, x, x);Console.WriteLine(“x={0:D}”,(int)x);DateTime NowTime = DateTime.Now;Console.WriteLine(“{0:D}”, NowTime);} }
5．//MathTestA.cs using System;public class MathTestA { public static void Main(){ double alpha, beta, y;Console.Write(“Enter value of alpha: ”);string s = Console.ReadLine();alpha = double.Parse(s);Console.Write(“Enter value of beta: ”);s = Console.ReadLine();beta = double.Parse(s);y = Math.Pow(Math.Abs(Math.Log(Math.Sqrt(1 + alpha * alpha))a)*(sc)));Console.WriteLine(“Area of triangle is :{0:F2}n”, Area);} else { Console.WriteLine(“can't construct triangle!n”);} Console.ReadLine();}
} 运行结果：
2.//Prime.cs
class Prime { public static void Main(){ int a, n, m = 0, i, j;bool flag;for(i = 2;i <= 50;i++){ flag = true;j = 2;a =(int)Math.Sqrt((double)i);while(flag && j <= a){ if(i % j == 0)flag = false;j++;} if(flag){ Console.Write(“{0:D2} ”, i);m++;if(m % 4 == 0)Console.WriteLine();} } Console.WriteLine();Console.ReadKey();} } 运行结果：
3.//CountDigit.cs class CountDigit { public static void Main(){ int num = 0;char ch;Console.Write(“Enter chars:”);while(true){ if((ch =(char)Console.Read())== 'b')if((ch =(char)Console.Read())== 'y')if((ch =(char)Console.Read())== 'e')break;if(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')num++;} Console.WriteLine(“Numbers of digit is:{0}n”, num);Console.Read();Console.ReadKey();} } 运行结果：
4.//ForSinCosTan.cs class ForSinCosTan { public static void Main(){ float sinx, cosx, tanx;double x;Console.WriteLine(“xtsinxtcosxttanx”);for(int i = 2;i <= 10;i += 2){ x = i * Math.PI / 180;sinx =(float)Math.Sin(x);cosx =(float)Math.Cos(x);tanx =(float)Math.Tan(x);Console.WriteLine(“{0}tt{1:F6}tt{2:F6}tt{3:F6}”, i, sinx, cosx, tanx);} Console.Read();Console.ReadKey();} } 运行结果：
5.//Factorial.cs
class Factorial { static int n, Fact;public static void Main(){ n = 0;Fact = 1;Console.WriteLine(“Use while loop:”);while(++n <= 5){ Fact *= n;Console.WriteLine(“ {0}!= {1}”, n, Fact);} Console.WriteLine(“Use do-while loop:”);n = 1;Fact = 1;do { Fact *= n;Console.WriteLine(“ {0}!= {1}”, n, Fact);} while(++n <= 5);Console.WriteLine(“Use for loop: ”);Fact = 1;for(n = 1;n <= 5;n++){ Fact *= n;Console.WriteLine(“ {0}!= {1}”, n, Fact);} Console.ReadKey();} } 运行界面：
习题6
一、填空题
1.C#类的成员包括 域、方法、属性、常量、索引、事件与运算符
2.用于指定类的成员是否可访问的修饰符有public、protected、private及internal。3.类最常用的方法是Main 4.构造方法实例化对象的形式是 类名 对象=new 类名（构造方法参数）5.从另一个类，继承一个类的语法是 class 派生类：基类 6.sealed类用于 确保一个类永不作为基类
二、编程题
1输入一个数值作为正方形的边长，计算正方形的面积，并输出到屏幕上。要求：
（1）定义一个类，在类中定义无参的构造方法和主方法。（2）定义一个类，在类中定义带参的构造方法和主方法。
2、重复输入数据，计算分段函数
|x|r0y=
22|x|rrx要求：
（1）定义两个类，在一个类中定义无参的构造方法，在另一个类中定义主方法。（1）定义两个类，在一个类中定义带参的构造方法，在另一个类中定义主方法。
3.从键盘读入边数（side），然后按输入的边数画出一组由排列紧凑的星号组成的正方形。例如，side为4则画出： * * * * * * * * * * * * 要求：
（1）定义一个类，在类中定义无参的构造方法。
（2）定义有两个类，在一个类中定义带参的构造方法，在另一个类中定义主方法。4.打印一个ASCⅡ码表。
要求定义两个类，在一个类中定义无参的构造方法，在另一个类中定义主方法。5.重复输入数据计算正方形、长方形与任意三角形面积（要求使用单一继承）。
答案 1.（1）答案
namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Square { Square(){ Console.Write(“Enter length of side for square:”);double len = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine());Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”, len * len);} public static void Main(){ for(;;){ Square obj = new Square();Console.Write(“Do you want to continue?(y/n)”);string s = Console.ReadLine();if(s.Equals(“n”))break;}
} } }
运行结果：
（2）答案 namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Square { public static readonly int N = 3;public Square(double len){ Console.WriteLine(“Area={0}”, len * len);} public static void Main(){ for(int i=1;i<=N;i++){ Console.Write(“Enter length of side for square: ”);string s=Console.ReadLine();double length=double.Parse(s);Square obj=new Square(length);} Console.ReadKey();} } } 运行结果：
2.题(1)答案
namespace ConsoleApplication3 { class Function { public Function(){ Console.Write(“Enter value of x and r;”);string[] s = Console.ReadLine().Split();double x = double.Parse(s[0]);double r = double.Parse(s[1]);double y = Math.Abs(x)>= r ? 0 : Math.Sqrt(r * ry;} } static void Main(string[] args){ int x = 30, y = 50, a, b;fun(x, y out a ,out b)Console.WriteLine(“a=”+a +“b=”+b);} } A）50，30 B）30，50 C）80，—20 D）80，20
二、填空题
下面程序的执行结果是（）//FunApp2.cs Using System;class FunApp2 { int x = 888, y = 777, z = 666;public FunApp2(){ x++;y++;z++;} public FunApp2(int a, int b, int c){ x = a;y = b;z = c;} } public class FunApp { static void Main();FunApp2 obj1=new FunApp2();Console.Write Line(obj1.x);Console.Write Line(obj1.y);Console.Write Line(obj1.z);FunApp2 obj2=new FunApp2();Console.Write Line(obj2.x);Console.Write Line(obj2.y);Console.Write Line(obj2.z);} }
二、编程题
1,重复输入任意数据，计算y=
0
r2x2
|x|r
|x|r要求：
（1）使用值参数方法：（2）使用ref参数方法；（3）使用out参数方法；（4）使用ref与out参数方法；（5）使用重载方法；（6）使用重载构造方法；（7）使用可变参数方法；（8）使用静态方法。
(1)答案： using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace ConsoleApplication1 { //YestA
class YTest { public void yMethod(double x, double r){ Console.WriteLine(“y={0}”, Math.Abs(x)> r ? 0 : Math.Sqrt(r * rx * x);} } class YTest {
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