第一篇:新理念英语听说教程第三册答案
新理念大学英语学习大厅第三册单元测试答案
大学英语第三册听说教程上机学习大厅听力单元测试答案Unit 14 Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the short conversations and choose the correct answers to the questions you hear.The conversations and questions will be read ONLY ONCE.SET 1 1.A.Smoking.B.Coughing.C.Air pollution.D.Air condition.2.A.Tired.B.Interested.C.Satisfied.D.Discouraged.3.A.100 years.B.5 years.C.90 years.D.105 years.4.A.He turned the woman down.B.He hasn't got his driving license yet.C.He has not got a car at that moment.D.He is happy to drive her to the airport.5.A.A librarian.B.An engineer.C.An assistant.D.A teacher.Answer: 3 4 1 4 3 SET 2 1.A.In a doctor's office.B.In a gymnasium.C.In an operating room.D.In a professor's office.2.A.Football players often injure their feet.B.She hadn't heard about the man's problem.C.The man should have seen the doctor.D.She'll check the man's schedule as soon as possible.3.A.It won't take long to get to the station.B.It'll be easy for him to give the woman a ride to the station.C.He'll ride on the train with the woman.D.He's picking someone up from the station.4.A.Fill out an application form.B.Apply for a different position.C.File the papers in the cabinet.D.Show her the advertisement from the newspaper.5.A.Get notes about the class from a friend.B.Get his watch fixed.C.Finish his assignments more promptly.D.Arrive at class on time.Answer: 1 3 2 1 4 Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the conversation and fill in the form below with no more than three words for each blank.The conversation will be read TWICE.SET 1 CHANGES WHICH MOST COUPLES WILL HAVE TO FACE First, change in(1)It is possible that the couple will have to struggle and work their way up to a standard of living that is(2)to both persons.Second, change of(3)After marriage, there is a chance that you will lose contact with many of your old single friends to make friends with other(4)couples.Third, differences in(5)you do things You will probably find that your personal(6)are somewhat different from those of your new spouse.Fourth, differences of(7)No matter how much alike you think you and your spouse are, you won't always see(8)on every subject or issue.Fifth, change in(9)After you are married, you may view your world and your relationship a little less(10)Answer: 1.lifestyle 2.satisfactory 3.friends 4.married 5.the way 6.habits and traditions 7.opinion 8.eye to eye 9.attitude 10.idealistically SET 2 HELPFUL HINTS FOR A POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SPOUSE'S FAMILY First,(1)your in-laws as family members of the spouse you love.Second, don't(2)your spouse's family with your own.Third, don't run to your own parents for support when you have a conflict with your spouse.Fourth, don't(3)anger you may feel for your spouse toward his or her family.Fifth, establish a family atmosphere that avoids a(4)between your two families for your time,(5)
.Sixth, treat both families(6).Seventh, as a couple, try to establish as much(7)from both families as possible.For example, it may create conflicts to(8)from in-laws.Eighth, couples should take the time and effort to(9)about quality relationships and practice effective communication skills in their(10)with each other.Answer: 1.respect 2.compare 3.direct 4.contest 5.attention and affection 6.equally and fairly 7.independence 8.borrow money 9.educate themselves 10.interactions Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are True or False.The passage will be read ONLY ONCE.SET 1 1.In 1992, 2.3 million marriages were recorded in the USA.True False 2.In 1992, 1.2 million marriages went divorced.True False 3.Most couples have no confidence in a life-long marriage relationship.True False 4.There are many problems challenging the couple's best intentions in marriage.True False 5.Discussing important issues such as money and children will lead marriages to trouble.True False Answer: 1.True 2.True 3.False 4.True 5.False SET 2 1.A sign of job burnout is that somebody wants to burn his work into ashes.True False 2.There are only a few people who are immune to job burnout.True False 3.Job burnout doesn't happen immediately without any warning signals.True False 4.Job burnout only influences somebody's job, not his family life.True False 5.The cure of losing motivation is to learn self-management.True False Answer: 1.False 2.False 3.True 4.False 5.True Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the passage and choose the correct answers to the questions.The passage will be read ONLY ONCE.SET 1 1.A.They may quarrel.B.They may divorce.C.They may think they have made a mistake.D.They may have babies.2.A.Because all relationships experience peaks and valleys.B.Because the passion will go soon.C.Because there is no life-long love.D.Because a marriage is too hasty.3.A.From his marriage.B.From inside himself.C.From his parents.D.From his relatives.4.A.Because conflict is inevitable and they do not necessarily damage the marriage.B.Because conflict can be ignored.C.Because conflict is not important.D.Because conflict can finally disappear from the marriage.5.A.They mean that one of the couple is wrong.B.They indicate a lack of love between the couple.C.They mean that the couple are not alike in their thoughts.D.They are the signal of divorce.Answer: 3 1 2 1 3 SET 2 1.A.Job stress is failure in work.B.Job stress is caused when the requirement of the job cannot be met.C.Job stress is a kind of harmful physical response to one's job.D.Job stress is a kind of harmful emotional response to one's job.2.A.Challenges.B.Job.C.Emotions.D.Moods.3.A.Tired and exhausted.B.Relaxed and satisfied.C.A sense of pride.D.A sense of humor.4.A.They test our will.B.They provide us with the chance to be proud.C.They please themselves.D.They motivate us to learn new skills and master given tasks.5.A.Relaxed and satisfied.B.Exhausted and tensional.C.Failed but proud.D.Sick.Answer: 2 1 2 4 2 Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the passage TWICE and fill the blanks with the missing words SET 1 A study published in the British Medical Journal claims that(1)stress can take a serious toll on a woman's physical and mental health.The study, which spanned the course of many years, focused on more than 21,000 female nurses in(2)good health.Researchers discovered that when women work in a high-pressure environment where they have little control over their work and no social support system, their health-related quality of life can be(3)impaired.On the other hand, women with lower-demand jobs and higher levels of control over their duties were shown to have better health.The researchers also discovered that having someone to talk to about problems at
work is(4), and that the health of all women in the study was(5)by having a social support network in the workplace.Being(6)with tasks or having minimal control over the amount of work you perform and the time frame in which it must be(7), may cause you to experience feelings of frustration or unhappiness.The result is that your body produces stress hormones.Stress hormones are(8)released when an individual experiences(9)distress, and they negatively affect the body and its organs.Stress increases your susceptibility to heart disease, high blood pressure, depression and bodily pain, and(10)a blow to the overall health of women everywhere.Answer: 1.job-induced 2.relatively 3.drastically 4.beneficial 5.improved 6.overloaded 7.completed 8.typically 9.psychological 10.strikes SET 2 Stress evokes very powerful reactions, but researchers recently revealed that stress-coping tactics are very different in men and women.A recent study by the University of California, Los Angeles(UCLA),(1)in the July 2000 edition of US journal, Psychological Review, claims that the clichéd “flight or fight” response to stress(2)only to men, not women.In the face of stress, women display a very different reaction, focusing on social relations.Women tend to be(3)as a kind of response to stress.According to a report released by UCLA, the study based its findings on(4)of hundreds of biological and behavioral studies of response to stress by thousands of humans and animal subjects.It was revealed that rather than fleeing or becoming(5)as was previously assumed, women seek social contact, especially with other women, and spend time(6)their children, to cope with stress.On the other hand, stress can bring us something quite(7).Human beings need some stress to survive, since the stress response is one of the ways that the body protects itself in(8)situations.Stress can enhance performance under pressure, helping us rise to the occasion.Stress can fuel our creativity, create our excitement, for an important event or project.Stress lends excitement and(9)to many aspects of life.It is only when stress becomes unmanageable and gets out of(10)that it can wreak havoc upon our body, our peace of mind, and our productivity.Answer: 1.published 2.applies 3.friendlier 4.analysis 5.hostile 6.nurturing 7.positive 8.dangerous 9.vigor 10.control Listening Comprehension Directions: Watch the video clip and decide whether the following statements are True or False SET 1 1.Jack Barnes is the president of the club.True False 2.Mr.Abagnale tells the story about two mice that fell into a bucket of cream.True False 3.In the story, one mouse gave up climbing and ate a lot of cream.True False 4.In the story, the other mouse carried the bucket of cream back to its home.True False 5.Mr.Abagnale compares himself to the second mouse that would not give up.True False Answer: 1.True 2.True 3.False 4.False 5.True SET 2
1.The woman says she is leaving that night.True False 2.The man promises that he will arrive at 6:00.True False 3.If the man doesn't show up, Max will be sad.True False 4.On Max's birthday, he made a wish.True False 5.Max made a wish that his father would not tell lies for the rest of his life.True False Answer: 1.True 2.False 3.True 4.True 5.False Oral test Directions: Look at the picture below.SET 1 Try to tell about the picture as much as you can infer.If possible, try to find something relevant to talk about.SET 2 Try to tell about the picture as much as you can infer.If possible, try to find something relevant to talk about.Oral test SET 1 What kind of stress do you suffer? How do you cope with it? Do you think examinations are stressful to you? Do you think the stress will do you good or harm? Why? SET 2 Do you think your girlfriend's or boyfriend's family background is important? Why or why not? Do you prefer a long time communication and understanding before marriage? Why or why not? Will you discuss the problems of finance, housing, and children rearing to your would-be wife or husband before marriage? Why or why not? 大学英语第三册听说教程上机学习大厅听力单元测试答案Unit 510 Comprehension Directions: Listen to the short conversations and choose the correct answers to the questions you hear.The conversations and questions will be read ONLY ONCE.SET 1 1.A.John's ankle should be better now.B.This isn't a good time for John to quit.C.The news about John is quite a surprise.D.John should have stopped playing earlier.2.A.He may write a check for ten dollars.B.He may write a check for fifteen dollars.C.He may write a check for the amount of purchase.D.He may write a check for thirty-five dollars.3.A.In New York.B.In Boston.C.In Michigan.D.In Washington.4.A.Margaret knows what to eat.B.Margaret always knows how to help.C.Jack is usually happy.D.Jack made the wrong order.5.A.19,000.B.200,000.C.5,000,000.D.1,000,000.Answer: 4 4 4 2 2 SET 2 1.A.She's working hard on it all the time.B.She works only in the morning and in the evening.C.She works every other day.D.She studies twice a day.2.A.$180.B.$165.C.$135.D.$55.3.A.If Michael is there, he will offer to help them.B.There are a couple of areas that are not well known in the Rocky Mountains.C.Michael might be able to assist them.D.Campers are better off if they have more information.4.A.He hated to lose face.B.He was irritated.C.He was not angry.D.He was concerned about the man.5.A.It is not that late.B.The people who have come on time are all very relaxed.C.Almost half the class has not yet arrived.D.They don't need too many people.Answer: 1 2 3 3 4 Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the conversation and fill in the form below with no more than three words for each blank.The conversation will be read TWICE.SET 1 Traditional meaning of business(1)or(2)for things Three parts of the business(3),(4), and(5)of goods and(6)for a profit One other important factor of business the(7)of profit or economic(8), which is a major(9)in the functioning of a business company Profit the money that remains after all the(10)are paid Answer: 1.exchange 2.trade 3.production 4.distribution 5.sale 6.services 7.creation 8.surplus 9.goal 10.expenses SET 2 MR.AND MRS.J.REYNOLDS Address(1)Pine Avenue Telephone number(2)Number of people living in the house 4 Mr.Reynolds' workplace at Coutaulds Mrs.Reynolds' workplace at(3)Name of sons' school the(4)Boys School Mileage per year about(5)Number of holidays a year 2 Seasons for holiday(6)and(7)
Usual way of spending holiday go to(8)walking Normal expense on holiday about(9)pounds Destination of holiday plan this year(10)Answer: 1.21 2.56882 3.home 4.Independent 5.5000 6.summer 7.autumn 8.Scotland 9.1000 10.Greece Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are True or False.The passage will be read ONLY ONCE.SET 1 1.The woman feels they have got to reduce payment times.True False 2.They have decided to get tough with their customers.True False 3.Their suppliers will surely help them.True False 4.The man feels they have got to stop some existing training.True False 5.The woman feels that money spent on future training courses is worthwhile.True False Answer: 1.True 2.False 3.False 4.False 5.True SET 2 1.Ethbell Pepper taught English and drama classes to minority students in high schools for 30 years before she retired.True False 2.Ethbell Pepper had wished to relax and enjoy a peaceful life after retirement.True False 3.Ethbell Pepper attended a program at the University of California when she was 68.True False 4.Older adult students could bring a lot of valuable experience to the university with them and enrich the university's educational resources.True False 5.The appearance of older people in university could reduce the fear of the young students of growing older.True False Answer: 1.False 2.False 3.True 4.True 5.True Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the passage and choose the correct answers to the questions.The passage will be read ONLY ONCE.SET 1 1.A.500.B.Over 500.C.A few hundred.D.One hundred.2.A.Their normal growth.B.A lot of job opportunities.C.Their employee retirements.D.Their creative thinking.3.A.They may offer positions which you demand.B.They may send recruiters to colleges to interview people.C.They usually offer competitive salaries.D.Their employees may be promoted more quickly.4.A.He could report to the general manager directly.B.He has to wait for many years to report to the general manager directly.C.He has to accumulate experience to report to the general manager directly.D.He has to specialize in a certain field to get the opportunities to report to the general manager directly.5.A.Students.B.Employers.C.Employees.D.Engineers.Answer: 2 4 2 1 1 SET 2 1.A.There are more different ideas.B.There are more different beliefs.C.There are more different ways of looking at things.D.There are more mutual interests.2.A.People there are always satisfied with their living conditions.B.People there have identical needs that can be met without many disputes.C.People there have got used to their conditions and don't see the necessity to change.D.People there are lazy and easy to please.3.A.Social change is more likely to occur in technology than in values.B.Social change is more likely to occur in material aspects of society than in non-material aspects.C.Social change is more likely to occur in form than in substance.D.Social change is more likely to occur in the complex elements than in simple elements.4.A.Social change occurs more readily to people with a sharp distinction.B.Black Americans have distinctive differences in appearance from white Americans.C.Black Americans have less emotion than other American minorities.D.Black Americans have too many complex elements.5.A.Two different societies.B.The necessity of social change.C.Different social changes.D.Certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur.Answer: 4 3 4 2 4 Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the passage TWICE and fill the blanks with the missing words SET 1 China's hand-held computer market continued tumbling in last year's fourth quarter, and(1)have suggested the trend is unlikely to be(2)in the near future.The(3)was largely(4)to dwindling market demands due to lack of(5)by manufactures, though numerous new products had been(6)throughout the quarter.Many trimmed-down versions of PDAs received a cold(7)in the market due to their stillhigh
prices and manufactures'(8)understanding of consumers'(9)needs.The dismal PDA market has also significantly undermined distributors' profits and in turn, dampened their(10)to promote new products.Distributors' fretted interest in promotion had given way to PDAs' substitutes, which ate into PDA manufactures' sales and profits.Answer: 1.analysts 2.reversed 3.decline 4.attributed 5.innovations 6.launched 7.response 8.inadequate 9.diverse 10.enthusiasm SET 2 E-business(electronics business), derived from such terms as “e-mail” and “e-commerce,” is the(1)of business on the Internet, not only buying and selling but also servicing customers and collaborating with business(2).One of the first to use the term was IBM, when, in October 1997, it(3)a thematic(4)built around the term.Today, major(5)are rethinking their businesses in terms of the Internet and its new culture and(6).Companies are using the Web to buy parts and supplies from other companies, to collaborate on sales(7), and to do joint research.Exploiting the(8), availability, and worldwide reach of the Internet, many companies, such as Amazon.com, the booksellers, have already discovered how to use the Internet successfully.Increasingly, much direct selling(or e-tailing)is taking place on the Internet of computerrelated(9)and software.One of the first to report sales in the millions of dollars directly from the Web was Dell Computer.Travel booking directly or indirectly as a result of Web research is becoming(10).Answer: 1.conducting 2.partners 3.launched 4.campaign 5.corporations 6.capabilities 7.promotions 8.convenience 9.equipment 10.significant Listening Comprehension Directions: Watch the video clip and decide whether the following statements are True or False SET 1 1.Both the man and the young woman want to be alone with each other.True False 2.The man is worried about the young woman.True False 3.The man is glad the young woman is there with him.True False 4.The man has joined the war.True False 5.The young woman's father and mother live in the town.True False Answer: 1.True 2.True 3.False 4.True 5.False SET 2 1.The woman, Constance, is a doctor.True False 2.The woman is told that Dr.Edwards has disappeared.True False 3.The woman tells the sheriff that Edwards couldn't speak a word.True False 4.The woman is surprised when she is told that the man called Edwards is an imposter.True False 5.The older man has warned the woman about Dr.Edwards.True False Answer: 1.True 2.True 3.False 4.False 5.False Oral test
Directions: Look at the picture below.SET 1 Try to tell about the picture as much as you can infer.If possible, try to find something relevant to talk about.SET 2 Try to tell about the picture as much as you can infer.If possible, try to find something relevant to talk about.Oral test SET 1 When you are working for someone, what would motivate you to work harder? SET 2 Albert Einstein said, “Imagination is more important than knowledge.” Can you comment on his words and give your view on the roles of imagination and knowledge? 大学英语第三册听说教程上机学习大厅听力单元测试答案Unit 1114 Comprehension Directions: Listen to the short conversations and choose the correct answers to the questions you hear.The conversations and questions will be read ONLY ONCE.SET 1 1.A.Tom's illnesses are serious.B.Tom's illnesses are pretended.C.Tom's illnesses are brief but real.D.Tom's illnesses occur only when there is a party.2.A.Catch a cold.B.Hurry to get on the bus.C.Sit next to the bus stop.D.Fix his torn sleeve.3.A.A trip she took.B.A trip she takes frequently.C.A restaurant she owns.D.A famous statue in Philadelphia.4.A.Barry no longer lives in New York.B.Barry doesn't know how to economize.C.The woman called Barry in California.D.The woman didn't ever meet Barry.5.A.Richard is hard to find.B.Richard speaks with difficulty.C.Richard's roommate doesn't talk to him.D.Richard doesn't work very hard.Answer: 2 2 1 1 4 SET 2 1.A.Looking for a new job.B.Starting her vacation.C.Quitting her job in a few days.D.Complaining to her friend.2.A.The department store may sell tires.B.The department store doesn't sell tires.C.The department store sells tires.D.The department store carries tapes.3.A.The man must study in order to pass.B.The man won't pass unless he takes the test.C.The man must take the test.D.The man may skip the test.4.A.She arrived for registration too early.B.She misplaced her class card for biology.C.She missed registration.D.The man cannot spell her name.5.A.Because he woke up late.B.Because he missed the bus.C.Because he had a car trouble.D.Because there was very heavy traffic.Answer: 1 1 3 1 3 Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the conversation and fill in the form below with no more than three words for each blank.The conversation will be read TWICE.SET 1 We don't like people to come too near to us.A(1)found that when an American male talks to a stranger, he stands(2)centimeters away.If males stand very near to each other, they are either(3)or(4).There are some exceptions.We may accept the fact that people may(5)us on the bus or(6)in the rush hour because we can(7)for it.What we should do when we have to stand or sit in a crowded place? We don't look at the other people, we try not to touch them and we show(8).We may be annoyed by someone in a crowded cinema.He or she may want to take all the(9)between us.But when the show starts we forget about it because we(10)the performers who are
far away.Answer: 1.psychologist 2.50 3.very aggressive 4.unusually friendly 5.press against 6.on the subway 7.see the reason 8.an expressionless face 9.armrest 10.concentrate on SET 2 About whom is the story? My father and my mother.What were they? My father was a salesman for a(1).My mother was a(2)at a radio station.Where did they meet? They met in a(3).How did they happen to meet? My father stopped by(4)that Saturday morning to(5)and then the manager of a local radio station invited him to their(6).What does my father comment on meeting my mother? It was(7)that he was at the picnic that day.What were my mother's dating experiences at that time? She dated other men, including a car salesman who entered our(8).The car salesman gave her(9)for her birthday, which in those days meant the relationship was moving toward an(10)What's the end of the story? One night a few months later, my mother woke her mother and told her she was going to marry Dave.Answer: 1.big electronics company 2.writer 3.poker game 4.the branch office 5.make some calls 6.annual picnic 7.blind luck 8.family lore 9.a watch 10.engagement Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are True or False.The passage will be read ONLY ONCE.SET 1 1.Popular belief holds that “falling stars” are stars.True False 2.Meteors are not visible to the naked eye even at night.True False 3.Most meteors are burned into ashes when they enter the earth's atmosphere.True False 4.After successful landings upon the earth, huge meteors are given different names.True False 5.There is no satisfactory explanation about the source of meteors traveling through space.True False Answer: 1.True 2.False 3.True 4.False 5.True SET 2 1.England's mad cow disease has caused understandable hysteria.True False 2.The government is facing a loss of millions of dollars.True False 3.Researchers have different explanations to the cause of the mad cow disease.True False 4.Basic research cannot help prevent tomorrow's crises.True False 5.Unresolved scientific disputes have become a fact of modern life.True False Answer: 1.True 2.False 3.True 4.False 5.True Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the passage and choose the correct answers to the questions.The passage
will be read ONLY ONCE.SET 1 1.A.Spanish explorers.B.Indians.C.Other Englishmen.D.Political leaders.2.A.New political ways.B.New methods of fishing.C.New ways for water travel.D.How to trap animals.3.A.Corn.B.Domesticated animals.C.Building sod house.D.Trapping animals.4.A.The settlers were well prepared for the hardships that they would encounter.B.The new settlers found the winters severe.C.The Indians taught the settlers how to build canoes.D.The settlers brought tools and weapons to the new world.5.A.The new world.B.The new colonists.C.The life of the natives.D.The life of the early settlers.Answer: 1 1 2 1 4 SET 2 1.A.Dreams are unimportant and should be disregarded.B.Dreams give us helpful clues about ourselves.C.Only a trained psychologist can explain dreams.D.Dreams are often interesting.2.A.You may have unconscious fears of death.B.You may have forgotten to write down an appointment.C.You may be secretly resenting someone in your life.D.You should examine your teeth for signs of trouble.3.A.To show that dreams can remind us of something we've been too busy to remember.B.To show how we often dream of very ordinary events.C.To show how dreams can urge us to get more in touch with our real feelings.D.To indicate that we can discover our innermost anxieties through looking seriously at our dreams.4.A.That she was cleaning her apartment.B.That she was very happily married.C.That she was hitting her husband with a household appliance.D.That her husband attacked her with a vacuum cleaner.5.A.Because they are unimportant.B.Because they are trivial.C.Because they are similar to other things.D.Because we are too busy to notice them.Answer: 2 4 1 3 4 Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the passage TWICE and fill the blanks with the missing words SET 1 The universe is believed to have originated about 15 billion years ago as a dense, hot globule of gas expanding rapidly outward.At that time, the universe(1)nothing but hydrogen and a small amount of helium.There were no stars and no planets.The first stars probably began to(2)out of hydrogen when the universe was about 100 million years old.This is how our Sun originated about(3)billion years ago.Many stars came into being before the Sun was formed;many others formed after the Sun appeared.This process continues, and through(4)we can now see stars forming out of(5)pockets of hydrogen in outer space.In 1992, instruments aboard the Cosmic Background Explorer(COBE)satellite showed that 99.97 percent of the energy of the universe was(6)within the first year of its origin.This evidence seems to(7)the Big Bang theory, which holds that the universe originated from a single(8)explosion(a big bang)of a very small amount of matter of extremely high(9)and temperature.Astronomers also theorize that 99% of the matter in the universe is invisible, or dark matter, composed of some kind of matter that they cannot yet(10).Answer: 1.contained 2.form 3.4.49 4.telescopes 5.compressed 6.released 7.confirm 8.violent 9.density 10.detect SET 2 What will man be like in the future--in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today.Now, on(1), men are about three(2)taller.Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time, so we may(3)that man will continue to grow taller.Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal.Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain's(4).As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more, and(5)we shall need larger ones!This is likely to bring about a physical change too: the head, in(6)the forehead, will grow larger.Nowadays our eyes are in(7)use.In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses.But over very long period of time it is likely that man's eyes will grow stronger.On the other hand, we(8)to make less use of our arms and legs.These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker.At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more(9)because they are used a great deal in modern life.But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in(10)of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer.In the future, then, both sexes are likely to
be bald.Answer: 1.average 2.inches 3.assume 4.capacity 5.eventually 6.particular 7.constant 8.tend 9.sensitive 10.course Listening Comprehension Directions: Watch the video clip and decide whether the following statements are True or False SET 1 1.The first girl has read all books on the problems of black people.True False 2.According to the first girl, the time for non-violent revolution is past.True False 3.According to the girls, property values decline when a black family moves in.True False 4.According to one of the girls, Jewish people are the closest to black people.True False 5.The girls think the cat may be someone famous.True False Answer: 1.False 2.True 3.False 4.True 5.True SET 2 1.The father reminds his two little girls that they are on holiday.True False 2.One officer stops the family and demands their passport.True False 3.Christie is worrying whether they will get across the border or not.True False 4.Christie told the officer that she is ten.True False 5.The officers are suspicious because there is something wrong with the passport.True False Answer: 1.True 2.True 3.True 4.False 5.False Oral test Directions: Look at the picture below.SET 1 Try to tell about the picture as much as you can infer.If possible, try to say something about the relationship between the Earth and the Universe.You may even talk about some crises our planet is facing and propose possible solutions to those problems.SET 2 Try to tell about the picture as much as you can infer.If possible, try to say something about the peculiarity about the colt? Oral test SET 1 Have you ever dreamed of exploring the space in a spaceship one day? Is there anything that appeals to you in the space? Why or why not? SET 2 It seems that genetic engineering is changing our life.Can you give some examples in this regard? Do you have any worry about the effect of the changing? Why or why not? 大学英语第三册听说教程上机学习大厅听力单元测试答案Unit 15-16 Comprehension Directions: Listen to the short conversations and choose the correct answers to the questions you hear.The conversations and questions will be read ONLY ONCE.SET 1 1.A.In a laundry.B.In an elevator.C.In a library.D.In a bakery.2.A.Buy a birthday present.B.Wait too late.C.Pass the time.D.Bring some food to the table.3.A.Join her friend.B.Stay inside.C.Sketch the tree.D.Look for a job.4.A.He wrote it last semester.B.He'll finish it in a few minutes.C.He never does assignment early.D.He isn't going to write it.5.A.They are too heavy and she can't carry them.B.They are too heavy and she can't read them all.C.They are too many.D.She feels too tired to read.Answer: 2 1 2 3 3 SET 2 1.A.At a church.B.At a library.C.In England.D.At a theater.2.A.Every day.B.Frequently.C.Occasionally.D.Very rarely.3.A.Buy some paper.B.Do some typing.C.Change the typewriter.D.Ask the woman to type.4.A.He is not prepared.B.He is well prepared.C.He is almost ready.D.He will soon start.5.A.Next stop is New York.B.He wants to go to New York.C.What time the train gets to New York.D.What time the train gets to Philadelphia.Answer: 2 3 1 1 3 Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the conversation and fill in the form below with no more than three words for each blank.The conversation will be read TWICE.SET 1 EVER FASHION CATALOG OF PRODUCTS Item Catalog No.Quantity Unit Price running shoes(1)100(2)$ casual shoes(3)(4)(5)$ travel bags TB32(6)(7)$ Notes: 1.(8)% discount for orders exceeding $5,000 in value;2.Prices in the catalog stand for(9)days.3.Delivery in(10)days.Answer: 1.RS85 2.10 3.CS27 4.100 5.30 6.50 7.160 8.10 9.60 10.28 SET 2 TIPS FOR BACK CARE Do's Don'ts Keep weight(1)to prevent distortion in the spine's shape.Don't bend to(2)just your spine and back muscles.Always bend the(3)when bending down.Don't bend just the spine when bending down, especially when(4)and children.Measure(5)and worktables before buying and check that they are the correct height.Don't delay in(6)if back pain is persistent.Take time to choose the right bed that should be(7), but not hard.Don't use a(8)chair if you spend a lot of time at desk.Place a(9)or small cushion in the narrow part of your back to support your spine.Exercise(10)so that they give extra support to the back.Answer: 1.evenly distributed 2.overuse 3.knees and hips 4.lifting heavy items 5.kitchen units 6.consulting your doctor 7.firm and supportive 8.curve-backed 9.folded towel 10.your stomach muscles Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are True or False.The passage will be read ONLY ONCE.SET 1 1.Many critics think the current welfare regulations contribute to the problem of family dissolution.True False 2.Critics argue that all poor families should receive assistance grants.True False 3.Most unhappily married couples choose to separate according to this passage.True False 4.The benefits and costs of marriage to a large extent affect the formation of the family.True False
5.Family performs certain functions which are important to society.True False Answer: 1.True 2.False 3.False 4.True 5.True SET 2 1.A woman was seen killed by her neighbors yet only a few of them helped her.True False 2.It is very easy to tell that you are faced with a real emergency if you see a middle-aged man fall to the sidewalk.True False 3.If a person doesn't feel personally responsible, he won't give help to people in emergency.True False 4.80% of the students taking the test alone acted to help.True False 5.Americans in a group often provide help.True False Answer: 1.False 2.False 3.True 4.True 5.False Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the passage and choose the correct answers to the questions.The passage will be read ONLY ONCE.SET 1 1.A.Many parents have realized that too much stimulation may do harm to the baby.B.Babies are more sensitive than adults to the outside world.C.Psychologists encourage parents to train their babies right from the beginning.D.Many parents have a misunderstanding of the role stimulation plays in the development of a baby.2.A.Too much stimulation can have a negative effect on the intellectual development of babies.B.The more early stimulation we provide, the better effect we may achieve.C.Babies cry or become angry because they are overcrowded with new sensations.D.Babies will always respond actively to the outside stimulation in one way or another.3.A.Shout “enough already!My nervous system isn't quite ready for that stuff.” B.Avoid the irritating stimulus.C.Show no interest and fall into sleep.D.Become angry.4.A.Too much stimulation.B.Irritating stimulus.C.Activity that is to exercise the baby's senses.D.Activity to enrich the baby's daily life.5.A.To explain the reason why parents are encouraged to train their babies in their early years.B.To criticize the idea that the more stimulation a baby gets, the better.C.To demonstrate that the less stimulation a baby gets, the better.D.To put forward an idea that too much stimulation can be very upsetting to the baby.Answer: 4 1 1 3 4 SET 2 1.A.Because the boat did not really belong to him.B.Because he should have locked his boat to a tree.C.Because he wasted a good fishing night.D.Both B and C 2.A.Because the boat really belonged to the hospital.B.Because he had used the night well.C.Because he had asked for permission to use the boat.D.Both A and B 3.A.All the fish should go to the patient.B.The fish should go to the owner of the boat.C.The fish should be destroyed.D.Every part involved should get a third of the fish.4.A.In America.B.In Africa.C.In Asia.D.It's not mentioned.5.A.On a moonlit night.B.On a dark night.C.On a morning.D.On an afternoon.Answer: 4 2 4 2 3 Listening Comprehension Directions: Listen to the passage TWICE and fill the blanks with the missing words SET 1 A mixed state secondary school has banned skirts because its girls have been wearing them too short.The new uniform regulations at Keswick High School, near Ipswich, require girls to wear trousers to school to stop them turning up for lessons in(1).The decision was made after(2)with parents, pupils and teachers.The new rules will come into effect in September.Margaret Young, the chairman of the school(3), said: “Two years ago we sent out a letter to parents asking them to make sure skirts were regulation(4), which is just above the(5).The(6)was short lived and it wasn't long before skirts were very short again.” George Thomas, the school's head teacher, said the ban was necessary because some girls' skirts were impractical as well as(7).Mrs.Young, whose three grandchildren go to the school, said that the school was simply trying to(8)a uniform code.She said: “Parents might see their daughter go to school in one skirt but they change to another, shorter one, at school or they(9)up the top to make them look shorter.Some are practically pelmets.”Teachers waste a lot of time talking to pupils about uniform.“ Most parents have welcomed the uniform change.”Some have said they were(10)about the safety of their children walking home," said Mrs.Young.Answer: 1.miniskirts 2.consultations 3.governors 4.length 5.knee 6.impact 7.immodest 8.enforce 9.roll 10.concerned SET 2 Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex.Our increasing population will(1)increase urban wastes, primarily sewage.Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger(2)of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are(3).To(4)our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be(5).This will involve ever increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals.From this, it is apparent that intense steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be(6).The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution(7).This involves the processing of solid wastes(8)to disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.The second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes.Farm(9)is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement.Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for(10)and for the nutrients contained.Answer: 1.tremendously 2.volumes 3.noxious 4.feed 5.intensified 6.lessened 7.hazard 8.prior 9.manure 10.irrigation Listening Comprehension Directions: Watch the video clip and decide whether the following statements are True or False SET 1 1.Nick checked the meat and signed it.It's fresh.True False 2.Nikki is supposed to be here to pull Aunt Voula's hair straight.True False 3.If nagging were an Olympic sport, Aunt Voula could be a champion.True False 4.Uncle Taki didn't wait for Aunt Voula because he was hungry.True False 5.Toula's father wants to send her to Greece to find a husband, but she doesn't want to go.True False Answer: 1.False 2.False 3.True 4.False 5.True SET 2 1.It is on New Year's day.True False 2.Bridget is 30 years old and still single.True False 3.Every year Bridget's mother tries to fix her up with some boring middle-aged man but this year she knows it's going to be different.True False 4.According to Bridget's mother, Mark is a rich lawyer.True False 5.Uncle Geoffrey actually is not Bridget's uncle.True False Answer: 1.True 2.False 3.False 4.True 5.True Oral test Directions: Look at the picture below.SET 1 Try to tell about the picture as much as you can infer.If possible, make some comments on her contributions.SET 2 What is the man trying to do to help himself out of danger? Try to tell about the picture as much as you can infer.If possible, try to find some other means that people may use when they need help from others.Oral test SET 1 In your opinion what does it take to make a successful career woman? Are there any difficulties or dilemmas that career women will have to face? Do you have any suggestions for them? SET 2 Have you ever been in a dangerous situation? What did you do to help yourself out? What qualities are necessary in dealing with a crisis?
第二篇:新视野大学英语听说教程第三册期末口语考试
口语考试题目:
从听说教程unit 1-unit 8中选取: 1.Cherish the love from others.2.Be aware of mental health 3.My success strategies 4.What I want to do before I die 5.Great acts are made up of small deeds 口语考试形式:
本次口语考试在停课前两周进行,以小组为单位,2-5人一组(因本学期选课及四级强化的特殊情况,请提前让同学分好组)。教师提前一周告诉学生5个口语话题。口试时,学生通过抽签选取话题。第一组学生口试的时间为第二组学生准备的时间,第二组口试的时间为第三组准备的时间,以此类推。每组口试时间不超过10分钟,以小组成员对话的形式进行口试,学生讲完后,教师提1-2个问题/组。
Cherish the love from others As a college students ,I think ,it is a must and necessary event for our everyone in the world.Because , we live in the world ,we can receive the love and the help from people around us from time to time.Even though , some love can not play important role when we are in difficult.We also should cherish their love for us.It is not only our reward to the people who help us but can see one person quality to others.All in all , I think ,we should cherish the love for others.Be aware of mental health Abstract with the development and changes of the modern society, the future society put forward higher requirements for the quality of people, requiring every person to have the spirit of facing the reality, not being afraid of difficulties having the pioneering spirit, with the ability to co-operation, communication and the innovative spirit.This means that the cross-century generation not only should have good intelligence quality, but also have a healthy psychology.So we can say, kindergarten education is the foundation of the quality education of our people, it is not only the preparation for the primary stage of learning and living, more importantly, the preparation for their lifelong development and health psychology.Therefore, we should be aware of mental healthy
My success strategies Firstly, set a goal for myself.Secondly, make up my mind to achieve my goal and spare no effort.Thirdly, seize every chance you meet.At last, keep attitude of continuous study.grasp
never say never
What I want to do before die
Now, I am a college student ,if I receive the bad news that I will die ,I think ,the first I want to do is to accompany my parents and enjoy the time with my parents to express my love to them.The second is that ,because I am young ,the life for me is too short to do some thing meaningful ,and to do something I haven’t ever do to realize the value of my life.Besides , I want to tell people to be aware that the life is very fragile, and make them think about the value of their lives and encourage them to make full use of each day to pursue their dreams.5.Great acts are made up of small deeds
Every thing, there are so many little composition.Naturally, the big things also cannot leave the small behavior.For example, obeying your parents will start from things, housework and beat back, wash clothes, etc.We must keep a healthy will starts from the minor matter, exercise, eat vegetables, drink milk, etc.Be good friends with good study will starts from the minor matter, starts homework or before the preview, during the recitation, etc.Therefore, to do every event, begin some ordinary small start!翻译:每一件事,都有许许多多的小东西组成。自然而然,大事情也离不开小行为。例如,孝敬父母要从小事情做起,做家务、捶背、洗衣服等等;要保持健康就要从小事做起,锻炼、吃蔬菜、喝牛奶等等。要好好学习就要从小事做起,做好作业、课前预习、课后复习等等。由此可见,要想做好每一件大事,就要从一些不起眼的小事做起!
第三篇:大学体验英语听说教程第三版第三册Unit1-6视频文字材料
BOOK 3
Unit 1, R10: Relationships, two female students chatting in a cafe
Part 1
A: Mary
B: Cindy
A: What are your plans for the weekend? B: I am off to my maternal grandparents.They are holding a family reunion.A: Sounds fun!Do you have a big family? B: I sure do.A: Tell me about your relatives.B: Well, my immediate family is made up of my parents, my big sister and me.A: Your sister has two children, doesn’t she?
B: Yes, my niece Jessica–she is a beautiful little toddler–and my nephew Kevin.A: How about your extended family? B: Well, on my mother’s side, I have twenty family members.A: Twenty? B: Yes: my grandparents, four uncles, three aunts, and eleven cousins.A: Wow, that’s impressive.Is your father’s family that big too?
B: No, he was an only child.So it’s just him, my grandparents and, very happily, his paternal grandfather –my great-grandpa, who will turn 100 next June!A: 100!That’s amazing!
BOOK 3
Unit 1, R10: Relationships, two female students chatting in the classroom
Part 2
A: Cindy
B: Rachel
A: How are you enjoying your American Culture and Society course? B: I like it.The United States is certainly an intriguing country.At the moment, we are looking at the American family.A: What can you tell me about it? I’d be interested in hearing about what you’re learning.B: Well, many American families are known as two-career families.That’s a family where both the husband and wife work outside of the home.A: With both parents working, family income must increase considerably.B: It certainly does.And it also means more husbands do their share of household chores and childcare...Hmm, another type of family is the stepfamily.A: What’s that?
B: This type of family is a result of the higher divorce and remarriage rates in America.It can in fact be quite large because of stepchildren and stepparents.A: I am not really sure what you mean.B: Well, for instance, if a child’s mother remarries, then her second husband becomes her child’s stepfather.If the stepfather has, say, a daughter, then she becomes the child’s stepsister.A: Got it.So that’s why they are called stepfamilies.B: Exactly.BOOK 3
Unit 2: Two friends who haven’t seen each other in a long time
Part 1
A: Dan
B: Cindy A: Dan, it’s been ages.It’s absolutely wonderful to see you.(Cindy and Dan hug)
B: Cindy, so nice to see you too.You look great!How have you been? A: I’ve been very well, thank you.I’ve just returned from a year of work and travel.B: Really, where did you go? A: I took a year off from my studies: I spent 9 months doing some volunteer work with an NGO in Zambia, and then I traveled around Europe for 3 months.B: That sounds so exciting!A: It was.How about you? What have you been up to for the last few years? B: I also went abroad.I completed my final two years of high school in Canada and traveled through America and Mexico during the summer holidays.Now I am preparing for my studies in the UK.A: Cool!What will you study? B: Hotel & Tourism Management.A: Sounds like the ideal choice for someone who enjoys travel!
BOOK 3
Unit 2: Two friends talking about their life dreams
Part 2
A: Dan
B: Jane A: Jane, do you get nervous thinking about the future? B: Yes, I do.A: Me too.B: What worries you the most? A: Family stuff.I’m worried that I might not find a good job and, because of this, struggle to support my loved ones.If I get married and have a child, I want to be able to provide my family with the best life possible.B: Dan, don’t forget that your future wife will have a job too!She will also provide for your family.It’s silly to put all the pressure on yourself: a married couple should work as a team.A: Yeah, maybe you’re right...What do you worry about? B: Having a sense of purpose in life.We spend so much of our adult lives working that I want my job to be meaningful.I want to live to work, not work to live!I dream of being able to have a positive impact on the world around us.A: Well, you have a positive impact on me, so you’re off to a good start!
BOOK 3
Unit 3: Giving advice
Part 1
A: Cindy
B: Mark
A: Mark, are you ok? You look terrible.B: That’s because I feel terrible.I just had a huge fight with my parents.A: I am so sorry to hear that.What was the argument about? B: My future.My parents want me to go on an exchange program to America, but I want to study in London.A: Why did they want you to study in America? B: Because I have an uncle there who can keep an eye on me.A: You’ve got to somehow make your parents understand that choosing the right exchange program is more important than studying close to extended family.B: I try, but they don’t listen.A: Then perhaps what you need to do is write them a letter.B: A letter? A: Yes, I would advise you to list the pros and cons of studying in London.Ask them to make an effort to do the same about studying in America.Then you can all think calmly about your options, without shouting at each other.B: Ok, I’ll give it a go.BOOK 3
Unit 3: Asking for advice about dieting, two females
Part 2
A: Jane
B: Cindy A: Cindy, can I ask you for some advice?
B: Sure, about what? A: About dieting.You’re so healthy and you have such a great figure – I want to know your secret.B: I’d be more than happy to share my secret with you – instead of eating three big meals a day with snacks in between, I have six small meals that are very nutritious, spaced 2 or 3 hours apart.A: Six small meals… Hmm … I could do that.B: Sure you can!The key is to make sure each meal contains fruit or vegetables, lean protein, healthy fats –like fish or tofu – and good carbohydrates.A: That doesn’t sound too hard.But what are good carbohydrates? B: Things like nuts, seeds and beans.A: How long will it take before I start to feel and look better? B: After a week, your energy level will be much higher.After a month or two, you’ll feel and look fantastic!
BOOK 3
Unit 4, R22: A couple talking about their wedding lists
Part 1
A: Dr.Zhang
B: Lisa
A: Lisa, I’ve twenty people on my list.What about you? B: Um, let’s see.I’ve got my brother and his wife.A: Right.B: And her parents and relatives.A: You’re inviting your sister-in-law’s relatives too?
B: This is a family event.We can’t leave anyone out… And then there’s my mother’s two brothers and their families.And my aunt, who lives in Brazil.A: She’ll come all the way here for the wedding?
B: She wouldn’t miss it for the world.And then my father will want to invite all of his close friends from work.A: Wait a second.Your father’s friends from work are coming? How many is that? B: Eighty people.A: Eighty people!But I thought we were just inviting family and close friends.B: Believe me, my father’s business associates are like family.I’ve just never met most of them!
BOOK 3
Unit 4, R22: Meeting a cousin for the first time
Part 2
A: Tina
B: Dan
A: Cousin Dan, thank goodness for family weddings: I can’t tell you how special it is to finally get to meet you!B: I’m thrilled too, Tina.A: You look just like Uncle David B: Really? He is bald!A: Ha ha-that’s not what I mean: you have a great head of hair!It’s that your facial features are almost identical.And you have matching smiles.B: Wow, thanks, that’s a really nice compliment: Uncle David has such an engaging smile –it lights up the room!A: How about me? Do I remind you of anyone in the family? B: Well, hmm, you have a very unique look, but your eyes are just like Auntie Christina’s: radiant and full of warmth!
A: Well thank you.Oh look … there she is, chatting with Grandma and Grandpa.Let’s go over and say Hi!B: Good idea.They will be so delighted to see that we have finally met!
BOOK 3
Unit 5: Decisions, R26
Part 1 A: Jack
B: Eric A: Has Martin decided what degree he would like to study? B: Not yet.At the moment he has many options, but I’m not sure which one he will go for.A: He needs to think about what he’s good at and what he’s interested in.B: Well, I know he’s good with numbers but he’d like to take up Spanish as well.A: I suppose he could do his major in one field and his minor in Spanish.B: Yeah, something like that.A: Why doesn’t he do a degree in Business Studies?
B: I don’t know.His whole family does business, but for some reason he’s not really into business.A: Has he thought about a degree in Finance or Economics? B: Yes, he seems interested in both.A: What he needs to do is compare the course modules.B: Yeah, I suppose if he compares them, he’ll find out which one suits him best.BOOK 3
Unit 5 Part 2
A: Jack
B: Mary
A: Congratulations!I heard that you are about to graduate from university.B: Yes, it’s almost over!I’m so relieved!A: So what are you doing now? B: I’ve been looking for jobs.A: Have you found any yet? B: There are lots of jobs out there, but the problem is choosing a suitable one.A: What are you interested in doing? B: I’m not sure, but I would like to use my language skills and travel experience.A: Perhaps you could apply for a job as an editor or writer for a travel magazine? B: Don’t you need a lot of experience?
A: Not necessarily.As long as you have the right skills and you show that you are passionate about the job, anybody might employ you.B: Are you sure? A: Yeah, just apply, and see what results you get.B: Okay, I’ll give it a try!
BOOK 3
Unit 6: job interview, talking about past work experience
Part 1 A: Bob B: Tim
A: Have you worked as a salesperson before? B: Certainly, as my resume shows, I was a salesperson for a local pharmaceutical company for two years.A: Were you successful in your position? B: Very much so!I was the company’s top salesperson both years.A: Impressive!What would you say made you so successful? B: Customers trust me.That’s important because if customers don’t believe in you, they won’t believe in your product.A: I agree.Can you give me two other qualities that made you the top salesperson in your company? B: I can indeed.On the one hand, I am outgoing and make a great first impression.This is key to hooking the buyer.On the other hand, I am determined and never get sidetracked: I’m always focused on accomplishing the task at hand.Without determination, I would say that it’s next to impossible to seal a deal.A: You’ve hit the nail on the head!You’re hired!
BOOK 3
unit 6: husband talking with his with his wife about her job interview
Part 2
A: Dr.Zhang
B: Lisa
(Wife arrives home)A: Honey, I’m so glad you’re home.I’ve been dying to hear about your interview.How did it go? Did you ace it? B: I am not sure that I aced it, but it went pretty well, I think.A: Please tell me about it.B: Well, I felt very relaxed throughout the process and believe that I answered all of the questions appropriately… Darling, I am so happy that we’d looked at sample questions together because some of them came up: it gave me added confidence to know that I had prepared well for them.A: And how about the interviewer – did she give any indication of how the interview went? B: She was very professional from start to finish so it was hard to read her thoughts, but judging from her body language, I think she was pleased with what I said.A: What do you mean? B: She smiled a lot and maintained good eye contact with me.Plus, at the end of the interview, she gave me a very warm handshake.Warmer than when we greeted.A: That’s a good sign!When will you get an answer?
B: Tomorrow morning.I don’t think I’ll get much sleep tonight!
第四篇:新视野大学英语第三册读写教程(网络答案)
新视野大学英语第三册读写教程网络(答案最全)
Unit 1
Passage A
Vocabulary Task 1 1 beneath 2 disguised 3 whistles 4 restrain 5 grasp
longing praying 8 faithful 9 pledge drain merry delivery terror justice
Vocabulary Task 2 1 tell …on you 2 track down work it out
picking on me 5 reckoned with
call on
on his own get through in disguise revolves around
Banked Cloze 1 rescued restrain
resources 4
appreciated 5 uttered scattered 7 undertook 8 glimpse underneath
presented
Close 1 B A
C
A
D
A
D D C
B
B 12 B A C D C A
C D
A
Translation Task 1 1.No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.2.Just as all his sister's friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them.3.Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen
vehicles.4.If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won't say a word to you any more.5.Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.6.Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: How to get the necessary finances to establish the company.Translation Task 2
1.每当有人帮了你,无论事情大小,无论他地位高低,你都就当对他说声“谢谢”。2.蒸气机的发明使船舶发生了变化,正如其已经改变了陆地运输一样。3.尽管经理努力帮忙,他还是不能找到问题的根源所在。
4.这个女孩的生活天天围着哥哥转,完全明白该做什么来使哥哥高兴。5.如果你不知道自己想要什么,你最终得到的可能都是自己不想要的。6.吉米有他妹妹帮助他度过那些没有父亲的艰难日子。
Writing Task The region has been seriously polluted by harmful smog, which proves to be the cause of many illnesses and for the climbing death rate.As a result, people have started to move out of the area.In response to the problem, the local government has decided to fight against air pollution.It has closed down several factories, which were considered to be the major cause of the pollution.Many power plants have been modernized to give off less pollution and also moved further away from people's homes so as to decrease the damage.At the same time, the local government has decided to plant trees in and around the region because trees can absorb some of the pollution.People welcome all the measures taken by the government.Consequently, more and more people have begun to move back to the region to take part in this battle for a clean environment.Passage B
Reading Skill 1.It was an autumn night in my native Nova Scotia.2.They were vacationing in(it)for the weekend.3.It took me years, though, to learn that the love in our family didn't just happen.4.First, love needs time.(Para.3)Love needs another, harder to find quality as well, the ability to let go.(Para.7)Finally, love needs words to make it real.(Para.11)5.It can only be achieved through patience and understanding.Comprehension Task 1 C 2 B 3 D 4 D 5 A 6 D 7 A 8 C
Vocabulary Task 1 1 hollow
considerate
rival elastic
paralleling Inspire manipulate acknowledged soaring
respective upright
framework
stretched
Vocabulary Task 2 1 on 2 apart 3 with along on into of between 9 up 10 of
Resource
Further Reading 1 1.N 2.N 3.Y 4.Y 5.N 6.NG 7.N 8.expose more to bright light 9.immune system 10.be happy with the purchase
Further Reading 2 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.who you are 9.an over-muscled body 10.young men with the same problem
同学们好,这是本人做读写教程并亲自从原版答案转过来的,所以内容绝对全面、答案绝对真实、排版绝对合理。每做一个单元就上传一次,欢迎大家前来下载。接下来很快上传第二单元……
辑稿人:钟灵毓秀
品质源自河北省秦皇岛市昌黎县城关
第五篇:朗文英语听说教程听力翻译
1文:
老师:早上好,大家。早上好,菲利佩,莫妮卡,提奥,我不记得你的名字。学生1:帕特丽夏。老师:帕特丽夏,对,帕特丽夏。那些都是美丽的名字,这是我们今天的主题的名字。名字是一种文化的普遍性。这意味着每个人都使用名字。一个人的名字可以告诉我们一些关于一个人的家庭。今天,我们将开始通过寻找第一个名字和人们如何选择他们的孩子的名字。然后我们会谈论家庭的名字,看看不同类别的家庭名称。虽然今天的讲座的范围是英语的名字,我们可以使用同样的方法,你知道,从任何文化看的名称。让我们先简要看看,或给定的名称。有几种方法家长为孩子选择第一个名字。第一种方式是由家族史。父母可以选择一个名字,因为它是通过一代一代的;例如,第一个出生的儿子可能会以他的父亲或祖父的名字命名。虽然家庭的名字也传递给女儿,它通常是作为一个中间名。添加“初中”或“第二个”为例,威廉帕克只做了几秒钟的男孩',而不是与女孩的名字。父母选择一个名字的第二种方式是在一个家庭成员或朋友最近去世后,或有人“他们钦佩,像一个著名的领袖或著名的音乐家。虽然大多数英文名字的意思是什么,例如,“李察”意味着强大和“安”意味着恩典,现在的意义不是主要原因,人们选择他们的婴儿的名字。第三种方法是为孩子提供一个“推”。家长想选择一个听起来很“成功”的名字,一个强大的名字可能会帮助他们在商业世界,例如。或者他们可以选择一个名字,不论男女,像泰勒和特里。因此,鉴于这三种方法,什么是最常见的方式家长选择一个名称。许多家长选择一个名字,只是因为他们喜欢它,或因为它是时尚或经典。在名字的变化就像他们在衣服。一百年前,许多名字来自圣经的名字,如丹尼尔,安娜,和汉娜和马修。然后五十年前,圣经的名字就不流行了。如今,圣经的名字也越来越受欢迎了。同样,父母经常选择经典的名字,在1900,1950流行的名字,现在仍然很受欢迎。男孩的经典名字包括托马斯、戴维、罗伯特和米迦勒。对于女孩们:安娜、伊丽莎白、艾米丽和凯瑟琳,只是举几个。他们是经典的。他们从来没有走出风格。让我们在起源上看名字,也被称为姓氏或姓氏。研究人员已经研究了成千上万的最后的名字,他们把他们分为四类。类别:地名,patronymics,添加名称和职业名称。最近的一项调查表明,目前在美国最受欢迎的7000个名字,百分之43是地名,百分之32是patronymics,百分之15是职业的名称,并新增百分之9名。第一类是地名。地名通常是指一个人生活或工作的地方。有人叫约翰山住在一个小山附近,例如,和河流的家人住在一条河附近。如果你听到艾玛桥的名字,你看到了什么形象。你看到一个住在桥附近的家庭吗
如果你这样做,你得到的想法。第二类是patronymics。这是p-a-t-r-o-n-y-m-i-c-s.一姓是父亲的名字,另加一个结束像s-e-n或s-o-n.结束意味着一个孩子,一个男孩,是他父亲的儿子。的名字,罗伯森,彼得森,威尔逊是patronymics。罗伯森是罗伯特的儿子,彼得森是皮特的儿子,等等。第三类是添加名称。语言学家有时称这类”的绰号,“但当我们大多数人听到这个词”的绰号,“我们认为特殊名字的朋友或父母可能使用。“昵称”这个词实际上是一个古老的英文单词,意思是一个额外的名字,一个额外的名字。因此,我将使用术语“添加名称”这一类的姓氏是有趣的,因为名称通常描述了一个人。芦苇,鲍德温和比格斯的例子。瑞德是红头发的“红”。他是个秃头,他很少或没有头发。和比格斯。
是的,有人大,对。现在,如果我们环顾房间,我们可能会想出一些新的姓氏,如,嗯。卷曲的或强烈的。现在,第四类是职业名称。家族名称的由来是人的职业。职业名称今天仍在使用的最常见的例子是贝克(有人烤面包)。裁缝(缝纫的人的衣服)。米勒(谁让面粉面包),和史密斯。..现在,史密斯实际上是在西方英语国家最常见的名字。这个名字来源于一个古英语词,击杀,这是s-m-i-t-e,这意味着打击或撞击。在过去的日子里,史密斯生活使金属的东西,像工具。每一个城市需要的铁匠。有趣的是,许多语言都有一个姓是史密斯。阿拉伯语是h-a-d-d-a-d.哈达德,西班牙是埃雷拉,h-e-r-r-e-r a.在意大利是费雷罗,f-e-r-r-a-r-o.和德国是施密特,拼s-c-h-m-i-d-t.这些名字意味着史密斯。虽然名字可以告诉我们一些关于某人的家族史,你需要记住,他们可能不会告诉我们很多关于现在的事情。例如,名称的起源和现在的人之间没有太多的联系。以厨师的名字为例。今天一个叫厨师的人可能不会做饭谋生。此外,许多人改变他们的名字的各种原因。许多搬到美国的人已经改变了他们的名字听起来更美国化。现在这种情况比过去少了,但人们仍然这样做。人们也使用钢笔的名字或舞台名称,给自己一个专业的优势。例如,塞缪尔克莱门斯用笔名马克吐温的作家,和托马斯曾用名使用艺名汤姆勾引人。所以,让我们回顾一下现在。在今天的课上,我们看了父母如何选择英语的名字。我们也看了一些共同的起源的家庭名称。在下一节课中,我们将看看韩国和日本的名字是如何命名的。这是在这本书的下一部分。这都是为了今天。
2文。老师:今天的主题是英语作为一个全球性的语言。我知道你们很多人都说英语作为第二语言,对吗?„„
老师:看,你们中的许多人将英语作为第二语言,甚至作为一种全球性的语言来与其他以英语为第二语言的人交流。今天,我想给你们两种截然不同的观点:英语是否是一种全球性的语言。首先,英语显然是一种全球性的语言。支持这一观点的人认为英语是世界上使用交流的语言,它正在逐渐取代其他语言。第二个观点是,英语并不是一个全球性的语言,因为它不是世界上人们所说的主要语言。这一观点的支持者说,虽然许多人在世界范围内说一些英语,但英语并没有取代其他语言。他们承认,人们每天使用英语,有很多原因,但这并不意味着英语正在取代其他语言,也没有使英语在世界上说的主要语言。首先,让我们审视一下第一个观点。首先,英语是商业、旅游和科学的主导语言。当人们需要一种共同的语言时,他们经常使用英语。想一想。英语经常被用来在旅游信息中心,在国际酒店。如果你在罗马使用出租车,你不会说意大利语,出租车司机比其他任何语言都更可能使用英语。它是在商务会议和国际体育活动中使用的。欧盟使用英语,以及法语,在其会议上„„东盟亚洲贸易集团,在其会议上使用英语。你能想到的其他情况下,英语作为共同语言。
很好的例子。互联网已经创造了很多社区,人们经常使用英语。事实上,大多数使用互联网的人都懂英语。这有助于支持这一观点,即英语是一种全球性语言。人们认为英语是一种全球性语言的第二个主要原因是它是七十五多个国家的官方语言。这意味着这些国家在学校、银行、商业和政府中使用英语。在这七十五个国家中,英语可能是该国唯一的官方语言,如在英国,或英语可能与其他官方语言一起使用,如在菲律宾、新加坡和印度。在像印度这样的国家,在那里有这么多的语言,你可以看到如何使用英语作为一种官方语言,使人们更容易沟通。支持全球论点的第三个理由是,每年大约有10亿人学习英语。„„
好 啊.有一个更普遍的原因。关键的一点是,人们想要和需要学习英语,因为它提供他们的机会。总之,英语每天都被许多人使用。全世界的人都有很多原因接触。他们需要一种共同的语言,一种便于交流的语言。精通英语给人在这种情况下的优势。好 啊.我给了你很多英语是如何在各种情况下使用的例子。然而,这是否意味着英语是一种全球性的语言
让我们看看为什么有些人不相信英语已经取代了其他语言。首先,有大约三倍的人说汉语作为他们的第一语言,因为那些说英语作为第一语言的人。在许多国家,有些人每天用英语来工作,他们在其他地方不使用英语。即使在英语国家,也有成千上万的人喜欢说一种语言以外的英语在家里,与朋友,或在工作。第二,我之前提到的七十五个国家有英语作为他们的官方语言。这并不意味着所有的人,甚至大多数在这些国家的人都会说英语。例如,在印度,大多数来源同意只有约百分之5的人口讲英语。这是一个很小的百分比!第三、一个人需要多少英语知道被称为英语演讲者?人们可能会学习一些特定的情况下的英语,如我前面提到的出租车司机。然而,我认为你会同意我的想法这是一个出租车司机,谁知道一些这样的话,你要去哪里?”或“你的酒店叫什么名字?”是不是真的是一个精通英语的人。另一个例子是航空语言的有限,英语是用于空中交通管制和飞行员。日本航空公司或巴黎航空公司的飞行员要知道航空语言的有限。但他们可能只学习他们所需要的英语单词 这些工作,因此他们不能被认为是讲英语的人。
这里的一点是,世界各地的人可能会使用一些英语工作或其他情况。然而,这并不意味着他们是流利的英语.他们仍然使用他们的第一语言进行日常交流。英语 不是他们的主要语言。那么,这一切意味着什么呢?我认为说英语会继续下去是安全的在许多国际设置中使用的主要语言,因为,正如我说早些时候,世界各地的人们需要一种共同的语言。并且,现在,英语是那个语言。但是,英语不会取代其他语言,大多数日常交流和对我来说,这是一个全球性的语言,是一个取其他人的语言大多数日常交流。有些人害怕这个。他们担心随着人们越来越多地使用英语,他们的第一语言的能力将下降。我认为人们会用英语和其他语言一起使用。我们正在进入一个全球性的文化,并作为这种持续下去,我认为人们非英语国家将要保持他们的文化,包括他们第一语言。他们可能仍然想学英语,但我看不到他们放弃自己的英语语言。您是怎么想的?我要在那里停下来。我知道这是一个大量的信息消化。我们将继续谈论在英语单词中使用的一些差异像澳大利亚、新加坡和菲律宾这样的国家。这都是为了今天。来看看我,如果你有任何问题。3文:
单元3:高焦虑恐惧症
老师:下午好。今天我们将要转向一个新的话题 心理学,并开始在一些具体的心理问题。那里
是一个各种各样的心理问题,可以影响我们在我们的日常生活中的一些是 不那么严重,像一个恐惧的猫或昆虫,和其他人更严重。现在作为心理学家,我们试图研究这些不同的问题和方法 帮助人们。
我想通过谈论一个相当普通的一种讨论来开始讨论
心理问题的恐惧症,这是p-h-o-b-i-a.首先,我要解释什么 恐惧,然后我会谈谈为什么人有恐惧症的一些理论。
正如你可能知道的,一个恐惧症是一种恐惧。所以你有恐惧症吗?哦, 来吧,你可以告诉我,我是一个心理学家。是的,莫妮卡? 学生1:我有一个游泳的恐惧。我不喜欢去海洋附近。
老师:好吧,那不是一个不寻常的恐惧症。其他人呢?阿里?
学生2:我讨厌狗。我的意思是,我只是不喜欢他们。当我看到一只大狗,事实上,任何一只狗,我只是很紧张,所以我避免他们。老师:好吧,那是另一种常见的恐惧症。感谢分享那些
例恐惧症。恐惧症是一种不正常的恐惧;这是一个极端的恐惧―一 非常强烈的恐惧。例如,我的哥哥,谁是一个成功的艺术家,有 计算R恐惧症。他并不是简单地不喜欢使用电脑。他过去有 非常强烈的使用他们的恐惧。
心理学家们提出了一个恐惧症的三个特征。人
显示这三个特点,如果他们有一个恐惧症,而不仅仅是一个正常的恐惧。现在首先,一个恐惧症是不是一个理性的反应。这是一个非常强烈的反应,太 强烈的情况。对我哥哥来说,这意味着他有一个非常强大的 如果有人让他使用电脑的物理反应。他开始发抖
猛烈地和有困难的呼吸。有一次,他甚至开始窒息。物理 这样的反应是常见的。第二,恐惧症往往持续很长时间,几个月甚至几年。在我哥哥的情况下,它持续了好几年。第三,反应太强,一个人来控制。例如,即使我的
哥哥告诉自己不要害怕在电脑上,它没有帮助。他仍然觉得
很害怕。通常情况下,人们会避免它是什么,他们是如此害怕。所以,在 我哥哥的情况下,他避免使用电脑。
好的,所以这些都是恐惧症的三大特点。这是一个极端的,非理性的 响应,它是持久的,它是不可控制的。
学生3:那么不可控的手段,即使你试图控制它,你不能吗? 老师:是的,这意味着你不能控制它,试图拒绝你的感觉 恐惧症。有治疗恐惧症的方法,我们会谈论那些在一分钟。是吗?
学生4:你哥哥怎么了?他克服了吗?
老师:是的,他做了。最主要的是,他决定他要为了克服它,他被一个心理学家对待。现在他总是使用电脑.好吧,让我们花一分钟去恐惧症的一些分类。恐惧症的人害怕的事物或情况分类。希腊或拉丁语的名字通常用来形容恐惧。下面是一个例子:催眠,h-y-p-n-o,意味着睡觉,所以害怕睡眠是睡眠恐怖。犬,c-y-n-o,意味着狗。所以对狗的恐惧是…恐犬症,对吗?这里的另一个例子。高空恐惧症。听第一部分,航空。恐惧是什么?航空如飞机—高空恐惧症是对飞行的恐惧。我们现在对恐惧症的原因。一种理论是,一种恐惧症是有学问的。这意味着发生了一些事情,导致一个人,或在某种意义上说:“教某人“自由的害怕。例如,阿里可能已经学会了害怕 狗如果他被人攻击和受伤的一个孩子。人们也可以通过观察其他人如何反应有恐惧症。在事实上,医生发现,恐惧往往运行在家庭。例如,让我们想象一下,阿里的母亲一直害怕狗。当所有的他的母亲在一起,看到一只狗,他的母亲会非常害怕,很紧张。当阿里看到母亲的反应时,他便逐渐也变得非常害怕。然后他会从发达的恐犬症看着他的母亲。所以,你可以看到,有两种方式学习可以参与恐惧症。因此,第一种理论是,一种恐惧症是有学问的。学会通过直接的经验或通过观察别人的反应。
第二个理论说,恐惧症只是一个更深层次的问题的一个标志。这 意味着恐惧症不是整个问题。让我们再举一个例子。我
曾经治疗过的一个十几岁的少年很害怕黑暗。他不可能在一个黑暗的房间。他害怕晚上出去,等。根据这一理论,当他害怕黑暗的时候,他是真的显示他对别的东西的恐惧。在治疗中,它被发现,他是害怕他的父亲。当他年轻的时候,他父亲很严格他的父亲让他在一个黑暗的房间里坐着,当他做了坏事。
根据这一理论,他对黑暗的恐惧是他更深,真正的恐惧的标志他的父亲。是的,问题。
学生4:你做了什么?他必须和他父亲谈话吗?
老师:嗯,不,我们不能这样做。但认识到他真的害怕他的父亲,而不是黑暗是治疗的关键步骤。现在他治好了。不再害怕黑暗。
好吧,让我们来想想这两个理论,和主要区别他们之间。第一个理论说,恐惧症是一个问题本身。对吗?并且,第二个理论说,恐惧症是一个更深层次的问题的标志人都有。为什么这种差异很重要?这是最重要的决定如何对待人。根据第一种理论,如果一个恐惧症被学习,也许它可以学习。一个遵循这一理论的心理学家将尝试教导某人作出不同的反应,在他或她时表现不同感到害怕。改变人的行为是目标。另一方面,一个相信第二种理论的心理学家可能会开始尝试教人反应不同,但医生更感兴趣的是。这个医生的目标,或目标,是帮助病人揭示更深 心理问题,因为它会更容易治疗的恐惧症,如果更深的问题被确定和工作,以及。我想让你思考一下有这两个问题的意义理论,或任何竞争理论。这是什么意思?它告诉我们心理学家,像任何科学家,都要继续做研究,去学习,并测试治疗方法,我们相信将是有效的基础上的研究。治疗改善我们学习的更多。我要在今天停下来。在下一节课,我想谈一谈其他的心理问题。在下一节课前阅读你的书的下一个单元。这都是为了今天。
4文:电视:我们看什么
老师:早上好。昨晚谁看电视?啊,你们大多数人。好的,今天我们要谈谈媒体电视的一个重要组成部分。
具体地说,电视剧和电视剧。现在,首先,我给你一些背景,然后我们将讨论什么使这种类型的编程,戏剧,如此受欢迎的世界。
好啊.让我们开始吧。你们大多数人都会同意,看电视是大多数人的生活。现在的统计数字不同的电视人看,但研究表明,相当多的美国人,平均而言,每天看电视超过六小时。
一个英语教授叫女tichi电视多年了。在她的书,电子壁炉:创造一个美国的电视文化,她讨论如何电视已成为活动的中心在家里。我们走进一个房间,打开电视,突然外面的世界变得越来越少了重要。人们用电视来调,或忘记,关于外面的世界。我们是安全放松和加入电视节目的世界。你曾经有过这样的感觉吗 关于电视吗?…是的,你们中的许多人都在打盹。她还认为我们的文化是 现在通过电视来定义,这意味着电视对我们的影响是巨大的 态度,关于我们喜欢吃什么,我们喜欢穿什么,我们喜欢什么 谈。例如,流行的电视节目在工作中讨论,在学校,在咖啡店。为什么,即使是四岁或五岁的孩子也要这样做 最喜欢的节目。这表明,我们生活在一个电视文化。改进的技术进一步促进了我们的电视文化。卫星 特别是服务,扩大了电视节目在许多地方的 世界。现在有数百个电视频道的人可以看,和
选项继续扩大:游戏节目,体育,新闻,谈话节目,喜剧,电视剧,电影,…人,用有线电视和卫星有很多选择。尼尔森媒体研究人们观看电视的习惯在美国他们 显示器显示是流行的品牌与谁。例如,流行 节目包括了谁想成为百万富翁的游戏节目?和
真人秀节目幸存者。他们非常,非常受欢迎,并通过 数以百万计的所有年龄组的人。
现在,所有这一切都是真正的背景。我今天要关注的是一个 一种流行的电视节目的形式很受许多年龄的人的欢迎 组.这是大鼠电视剧,特别是电视剧,被称为肥皂剧,或者,在西班牙,电视。你们中的一些人可能熟悉的电视连续剧。电视和肥皂剧 在美国是相似的,但有一个大的区别发作的数量 他们有。200集电视剧结束后,电视。这个故事 最终结束。然而,在美国肥皂剧不断的一天
许多年,可能永远不会结束。嗯,例如。指导光有 关于超过12000集,并在它上。你能相信吗? 超过12000集!肥皂剧于1959在美国开始,与显示的指导灯。这些电视节目被称为肥皂剧 因为主要的广告主是制造肥皂的公司。
现在,这种类型的编程在世界各地都很流行。几十个 国家制定自己的肥皂剧节目。墨西哥肥皂剧
最受欢迎的电视节目在韩国和韩国等国的一年中最受欢迎 俄罗斯.日本肥皂剧被派到比利时。美国肥皂剧
看世界。拉丁美洲的肥皂剧,贝蒂-有限元分析,或贝蒂 丑,是美国电视剧的巨大成功是巴西最 世界上广泛分布的电视节目,并在更多的 比100个国家。还有许多其他的例子。
这些节目是什么使他们在世界各地流行?为什么 来自不同文化的人都喜欢看同一个肥皂剧吗? 嗯,有几个原因。
罗伯特C艾伦提出的一个理由,他曾做过广泛的研究。在电视上观看,是许多肥皂剧处理普遍的主题 全世界的人都明白。主题是主题---例如,家庭,爱情,个人斗争,金钱问题,婚姻问题,健康 问题,工作问题。观众不需要了解文化,以 了解家庭中的问题。
现在,根据伊朗菲利普斯,其中的导光的创造者,另一个原因是,人们识别的字符。他们觉得
人物就像他们。他们在接受采访时引用了她一句话:“他们(肥皂剧 歌剧)处理生活,正如我们所知道的,“现在,她指的是家庭。肥皂剧处理日常生活中的问题。所以,当人们看
每天,一天又一天,他们和他们之间的一种特殊的纽带或感觉发展 电视家庭。他们了解的人物和他们的问题。电视 家庭的福利变得重要。有一种社区的感觉
家庭共享。所有这些东西都有助于性格的忠诚。如果任何 你经常看一个节目,你知道我的意思。你看它
因为你识别的字符。现在,电视剧的作者们明白了,电视观众想有一个小组 人物的知道和关心。温迪户,前执行
总医院的制片人说,“观众要一个个人的人
连接,当他们得到它,他们投入了。”这意味着他们成为 非常忠于他们每天看的电视角色。给一个有趣的 作为世界的例子:几年前,作家想 的主要特征,Bob休斯,上星期五拍摄。好吧,那个星期五 原来是圣诞夜。节目的制作人告诉作家们。
“不,不,不,他不可能在这个星期五的节目中被枪杀。你知道为什么吗? 学生1:因为太暴力了。
老师:嗯,不,不是因为它太暴力,但他们不想要 他在圣诞节前的星期五。
学生1:为什么?我的意思是,为什么不呢? 老师:因为观众会担心他所有的周末。他们 不知道他是活着还是死了,他们不喜欢圣诞节。
所以作家们不得不改变这个故事,并让他在圣诞节后。我 观众们真的很认同这些人物,就好像他们是真正的人一样。晚上的电视作家也尝试创造人物的忠诚,但不是用一个 持续的故事。相反,每一个星期,故事开始和结束。然而, 每个星期都会出现同样的角色,观众也会看,因为他们知道 人物和他们关心他们,喜欢的朋友。这个的一个很好的例子 是展示宋飞正传。有四个主要人物杰瑞、乔治,克莱默和伊莲。他们每个人都有自己的问题,他们自己的个性。观众们了解他们,并想看看会发生什么事。
当你思考的时候,难道不是好的作家通常是这样做的吗?他们开发的 我们对人物的兴趣,让我们想保持阅读,或继续看 电视。
下一次,你看一个肥皂剧,薄有关的主题,使这些 显示如此受欢迎的世界。想想看,每天都有人看,他们 了解人物,TVB成为社区的一部分。好 啊, 这都是为了今天。嗯,是你回家看电视的时候了!
单元5学习方式不同
老师:大家好。我想我们现在就可以开始了。我们已经 在这个班上学习,有很多不同的学习方式,而且有 许多不同的学习问题。有些人阅读有问题,或数学,或用文字表达他们的想法。有些人有记忆 例如,他们很难记住他们听到的或
读。其他人有问题,拿着铅笔或钢笔,以便他们能 写。作为教育者,这些都是我们需要理解的挑战,因为 每个人都应该接受教育,这是我们的工作,以促进学习。今天我想谈谈一个常见的学习问题的原因:阅读障碍。“阅读障碍”的D-Y-S-L e-x-i-a,来自希腊。这意味着 语言和语言的困难。在我演讲的第一部分,我会简短
解释什么是诵读困难症,并给你一些一般性的背景知识。然后,在第二部分中,我将提出一个医生的解释,为什么人们 阅读障碍有学习困难。
好的什么是诵读困难?阅读障碍是指阅读或写作的困难。在大约1970之前,研究者认为阅读障碍是一个视觉问题。一 正确的看字母和单词的问题。但这一理论从来没有 证实是真的。研究人员现在得出的结论是,主要问题 可能是阅读障碍者有困难的声音与字母的单词
因为他们的大脑和其他人的工作方式不同,让我解释一下。每一个词都是由声音组成的,对吗。声音单位被称为 “音素”。我们把“猫”。现在,谁不是障碍 会读“猫”,可以将其分解为声音、音素
ca-a-te。然而,一个有诵读困难症的人在打破这一问题上有困难 一个字变成了声音,因此,当读到这个词时就有困难了。有其他的问题,有诵读困难症的人可能有,而不是每个人 谁是诵读困难者有同样的问题。这就是为什么没有定义 每个人都接受的阅读障碍。我们都知道,然而,阅读障碍 人的大脑和别人的工作方式不同,这里有几个例子 有阅读障碍的学生及其学习问题。安娜知道答案
问一个问题,但说的是错误的话。托马斯努力学习拼写
测试。他可以说每一个单词是如何拼写的,但他不能写的单词 正确测试。库尔特试图在课堂上注意,但他有麻烦 静静地坐着听。他不能集中注意力,他的老师认为他 不关心学校。Seiji与事物的秩序问题,如
一道数学题的步骤,他的历史课,甚至是他自己的日程安排。苏珊有麻烦以下的方向。她可能会混淆左和右。..。是的,你有问题吗?
学生1:我不明白那个坐不住的男孩。老师:那个不能集中在课堂上的男孩?
学生1:是的,我的意思是说,诵读困难症是怎么说的? 老师:嗯,通常情况下,孩子的口语有以下的问题 方向或理解的步骤,在一个教训,所以他变得非常 紧张或不安,不能集中。好吗?
学生1:哦,好吗。因此,诵读困难使他无法集中注意力 老师:对。这些都是患有诵读困难的人的一些挑战。正如我前面所说的,没有两个人有相同的问题。当然,有 还有其他原因,学生可能不注意课堂上,或有
阅读困难。然而,这些都是有诵读困难的人可能会出现的问题 因为一个诵读困难的人的大脑与其他人的不同。另一个问题,是吗?
学生2:阅读障碍有多普遍?
老师:据估计,百分之10的适龄儿童阅读障碍。
学生2:哇,这是很多,我听说它只会影响男孩。那不是 是的,是吗?
老师:没有。研究已经证实,无论男女都有阅读障碍。
好吧,那么,这给你一个问题的想法,但什么原因导致阅读障碍? 研究人员认为,有可能是诵读困难症的遗传基础,即 问题是从母亲或父亲的继承。这是基于事实
大约有百分之85的患有诵读困难症的孩子有一个母亲或父亲 谁是诵读困难症。
有趣的―以及对我们教育工作者―挑战的是,这些孩子 一般在智力测试上得分很高,但他们通常不会读,写,或拼写在同一水平上他们的同学。这可能是一个问题,因为 其他人,甚至是他们的老师,往往不相信孩子们是非常 智能。此外,诵读困难的人喜欢有什么毛病,常常感到
他们是因为他们不能在学校的其他孩子们学习同样的方式。他们 经常感到有压力和责备自己,特别是当别人说
他们是懒惰的,而不是尝试。他们中的许多人很努力学习,但仍然有 麻烦。
在这部分演讲中,我将介绍莱文森哈罗德博士的工作。已研究阅读障碍超过二十五年的心理学家。
为了帮助我们理解阅读障碍,他告诉我们把我们的大脑作为电视机,想想我们大脑中接收信息的部分
炸薯条.每天,这些芯片在你的大脑中的部分,接收信息,权利 现在这个信息进入大脑,是我们所看到或听到的或是
触摸,等等。现在,这些大脑部分的工作是在信号中进行调整,以 我们大脑中的不同渠道。你的大脑接收到的信号就像你的 家里的电视机,像它的曲调,说,五频道或六频道。现在,如果这些电脑芯片不工作的权利,他们不能接受 信号正确。他们也不能在正确的渠道。所以信号漂移
周围,变得不清楚,并作为信号漂移,这会导致问题。对于 例如,如果一个孩子的大脑不能在一个页面上接收到的信号,她很难阅读。如果一个孩子不能在课堂上听到的信号,他很难理解老师告诉他什么。如果一个信号漂移,这也可以控制能量水平,我们集中注意力的能力,我们的能力 区分什么是重要的和不重要的。这就是为什么一些孩子 坐在班上有困难。
好消息是,经过多年的研究,莱文森博士和其他人 得出结论,大脑可以学习修复漂流。谁的孩子 接受帮助往往学会处理自己的问题,做得更好
在学校。当然,这是最好的,如果学校介入,并给予帮助时,孩子们很年轻。它也很重要,老师,和你的未来 老师,要灵活的教你如何教,并考虑不同的学习
为诵读困难者在一些特殊学校的学生需要有阅读障碍,老师给学生们看。他们不要求学生阅读或 写学习。教师在各种各样的方式。学生可以
口头测试,而不是书面测试。和阅读和写作被教导为 独立的技能。这种做法认识到,这些学生都很能干 学习,但需要以不同的方式来教,因为他们学习不同。这是一个非常积极的一步。
所以,今天我给你一些关于诵读困难症是什么,以及什么的一些一般性的想法 教育工作者正在做帮助这些学生学习。好 啊.嗯,这就够了 今天。好吧,好吧,在下一节课上更多的讨论。6文:移民:
美国的约束美国老师:好的。让我们开始吧。美国移民是我们今天的话题。我知道你们中的许多人都是移民,所以你知道一些关于这个话题的事情。正如你可能知道我的姓氏,我有一个德国的背景,我的父母移民到美国的大约五十年前从德国的„是的,问题?学生1:这是否意味着你是一个移民?
老师:嗯,不。我的父母是移民。他们来到美国来自德国。我是第一代德国人,因为我是德国人在这里出生的。首先,我们将简短地谈论移民,移民的历史美国,以及美国的多样性的故事移民是指从一个国家转移到另一个。这是一个永久性的移动。相比之下,如果你在法国生活和工作了两年,你不移民去那里;你搬到那里是暂时的,因为你打算返回到你的国家。所以,移民意味着移动到另一个国家生活有无限。移民发生在世界各地。大多数人都这样做改善他们的经济或社会状况。我现在要做的是给你一个美国移民简表。让我们从殖民时期开始吧第十七世纪的移民浪潮。大多数移民来自西欧。虽然西班牙人到达1513,第一在美国北部的永久定居是英国开始的一个1607在詹姆斯敦,弗吉尼亚。人们不禁止移民由英国人,任何人都可以来。生活是困难的,有些人做了没有生存,但人们认为它是值得的风险,有一个更好的生活在聚居地.法国、西班牙和荷兰也来了,但在较小的数字,我也应该指出,在这个时候,约有百分之20的人口是非洲裔美国人。然而,大多数不是移民,他们是从非洲带来的奴隶。今天,我们限制我们的讨论自愿移民----对那些选择来到美国的人现在,到了1775,美国人口已经增长到2左右。500万。这个国家正在快速增长。有些想法太快。所以,在18世纪90年代,法律第一次通过控制移民。的归化法1798要求移民在美国生活一定数年前他们成为公民。第二大移民潮发生在1920和1840之间。
在这一波浪潮中,大约有3700万人来到美国的工业革命已经在欧洲,导致农业到工厂的一个大转变乔布斯。许多人离开了美国,希望继续做他们的农业工作知道.大约百分之80的第二波移民来自各地欧洲。在第二次浪潮中,中国工人也来到美国,主要是合同工。他们安排,或承包,为一个美国公司在他们离开家之前。他们中的大部分都在黄金中工作加利福尼亚的矿山,后来建造的铁路。然后法律被通过了世纪80年代让大多数合同工了。现在让我们看看,我们在哪里?啊,是的,嗯,1891。1891、美国国会创建了移民局,移民和归化局,以控制移民.任何人想移民美国,听说的直到1891年,每个州都有自己的法律,并可以决定移民可以进入。所以没有人真的控制了总人数允许米每年。1891后,联邦政府制定了法律相反。一年后,1892年,移民局在纽约港开了埃利斯岛。船只将过去的自由女神像,许多新的生命的象征人们,停在埃利斯岛。你们有人见过埃利斯岛吗?或自由女神像吗?你有,斯特凡? 学生2:是的,我有。自由女神像和埃利斯岛。老师:你怎么想的?
学生2:非常令人印象深刻。有趣,太。老师:是的,现在埃利斯岛被做成了一个有趣的事情是很有趣的博物馆。它是美国历史的一个重要组成部分。在1954和1892之间,当埃利斯岛关闭时,大约有1200万移民进入1通过那里,大多数来自欧洲。我会鼓励你们去参观。让我们往回走一分钟吧。大约有900万人进入美国之间1900和1910。因此,美国政府决定,它需要限制。移民数量。这导致了一系列新的法律。首先,该1917的移民法案被通过,以限制谁可以进入。然后在1921,美国国会通过了一项配额制度。这意味着他们决定了一个每个国家的一定数量的人每年都可以进入美国。例如,200万来自德国可以进入。一旦这个数字有没有更多的移民,直到[ 0明年允许。这就是定额制。在此期间,说起来,直到20世纪60年代,美国被称为“熔炉”的态度是,移民不得不放弃他们的传统和文化,以创造一个统一的社会。人预计将忘记是意大利或中国。他们被期望学习他们被期望学习英语和适应美国的做事方式。现在,让我们看看第三波,从1965到现在的时间。在1965,配额制度被废除。相反,290000的限制被设置每年可以输入的人的总数。在20世纪70年代和20世纪80年代,大约有百分之80的移民来自拉丁美洲和亚洲的美国,只有百分之20来自欧洲和其他地方。所以如果你比较第二和第三波,你看到,在第二波母鸡,它主要是欧洲人,在第三波,它主要是拉丁美洲人和亚洲人。再次,经济机会的主要原因是人口迁移。每年,1965后,很多人想移民美国,许多超过290000极限。这导致了1990的移民法。这个1990年移民法案将年限制从290000提高到700000。然而,从1990到目前的实际数字已接近1百万,这是美国需要许多工人的原因之一服务工作,如在餐馆或酒店或在农业。近年来,美国的许多人已经意识到这个国家的最大的力量是它的人民的多样性。所以,老的熔炉的理想已被取代的理想的文化多样性,与认识美国人的许多不同文化背景的重要性。你可以看到今天在强大的社区,是韩国的美国,日本—美国、意大利裔美国人、墨西哥裔美国人等等。任何问题关于这个吗?苏珊?
学生3:我很困惑。我认为熔炉是一件好事,那人们应该混合在一起,形成一个强大的社会。
老师:是的,我想你是对的,我们真的想混合在一起,形成一个强社会。但现在的比喻是,我们要有一个混合沙拉,每一种成分都保持它原有的味道。这听起来像一个好东西吗?
学生3:是的,这是有道理的。
老师:好的,让我们总结吧。有几波移民美国早期的海浪主要是欧洲人,而后来的波浪则有大多数人来自拉丁美洲和亚洲的美国。主要原因一直是经济上的,他们正在寻找更好的工作和更好的生活比他们有在他们的祖国。在下一节课,我要谈谈当前的移民法。我们将在下一次开始。这都是为了今天。第7单元谁在打电话?
老师:早上好。希望你有一个好的周末。今天我们 要开始谈论企业管理的风格。风格
管理各不相同,从国家到国家,公司到公司,并从 人对人。现在考虑的一种方法是良好的管理
世界范围内的重要的是团队建设。团队建设只是什么的一部分 让某人成为一个好的管理者,但它是许多优秀管理者的基础 实践。当团队建设时,经理会帮助员工
作为一个团队有效地合作,作为一个团队。
这是基于这样的想法,经理的工作是不是简单地告诉人们什么 要做,但要帮助解决问题,并帮助人们进行沟通,使他们的工作 在一起。这种方法强调员工的关系,它的好处 公司。它从来没有这样的方式。不是很多年前有 在美国公司的一种态度,“经理说,去。”
预计员工会做他们被告知的。但我们看到一个新的 范例,因为公司已经意识到,员工不做他们最好的 当他们被这样对待的时候。这是一个巨大的变化在美国 管理风格,也许是受日本模式的影响。
首先,为了建立一个团队,一个好的业务经理知道不同的 人擅长于不同的事物,并对每一种特殊技能都有价值 员工带到公司。一个好的管理者需要找到一种方法来让 员工们知道他们的特殊技能对公司很重要。
当员工感到有价值的时候,他们更可能会做到最好,和价值。一个强大的管理者知道如何建立一个团队 帮助对方做自己最好的工作的员工。
那么,一个经理能做什么来帮助员工感觉他们的价值,像一部分 这个团队?让我们考虑一个公司的情况,称为美国广播公司。让我们说办公室里有新经理,戈麦斯太太,她已经做了一些 变化.总有一天,一个员工--帕克太太决定去接近太太。戈麦斯关于她在工作中的一些问题。夫人公园工作过 本公司为十年以上。新的变化使它很难
她把工作做得很好。她很紧张,这影响了她的工作业绩。
所以,戈麦斯夫人和夫人公园的谈话。戈麦斯夫人听。她知道她有 做了一些改变,办公室没有像以前一样运行。但
她告诉帕克太太尽自己最大的努力,给她更多的时间。哦,我看到了一个 问题,安娜?
学生1:我不清楚。你在说什么样的变化?
老师:哦。好吧,让我们说一个变化是,以前,你给了一个粗略的 草稿你的报告给秘书,她编辑了它,并把它发送出去。现在,该 秘书doesn't1为你做这。你必须自己去做。她改变了 办公室的方式是有组织的。学生1:哦,好吗。
老师:那天晚上晚一晚,戈麦斯太太想起了公园里所说的。她认为办公室里的其他人也有同样的问题,这是可能的。
戈麦斯夫人知道,她需要一个强大的团队,成为一个成功的管理者。她还需要一个稳定的员工群体。她不想让人离开。她决定她需要得到一个准确的员工观点的想法。她决定给员工一个分享他们想法的机会。她
想向他们展示她看重他们的工作和他们在公司的工作经验。所以,戈麦斯夫人做了一个团队建设计划。她开始安排一个 会议的第二天谈论她所作出的变化,给 员工有机会说他们有什么问题,并问
问题.在会议结束时,她给了员工一些问题
以书面回答,使他们很容易分享他们的想法。她告诉 他们,她将使用他们写的答案,从会议的想法 决定办公室的下一步。
让我们考虑她给他们的那种或问题。她想要的问题 专注于工作本身,问题,将是很容易的一个员工 诚实地回答 这样的问题:
A很清楚你的责任是什么?
B你知道如果一个任务不清楚,谁来和谁说话吗?
你的团队成员支持你吗?如果不是,什么具体的事情可以 他们这样做是为了帮助你做一个更好的工作? 过去你认为做得更好的是什么?
这些问题是关于工作,关于办公室是如何组织的,以及 关于一起工作。他们不专注于员工的感情 经理。
戈麦斯夫人读他们的问题的答案。她还检查了她的笔记 从会议。她决定修改她已改组的方式
办公室。没有大的变化只是一些小的。她意识到一些 旧的方式更好。所以,她做了一些改变回到办公室是如何 前组织。她还提出了一六个月的改进计划,并告诉员工他们将在六个月内一起审查计划。她通过这些行动向员工传达了什么信息?嗯
首先,她告诉他们,她认为他们的想法很重要,她价值观他们的 意见.第二,她告诉他们,她是负责,但她价值观是什么 说。第三,她告诉他们,变化不一定是好的,如果没有 这是很好的理由。换句话说,她不需要做这么多大的 当她开始当经理时发生了变化。最后,她告诉他们,她 是人类,她可以承认自己的错误,她愿意做什么 利益集团。这使她在获得他们的支持的道路上,并 做一个成功的经理。
现在,在她的计划的第三部分。戈麦斯夫人计划在公园野餐
在他们的办公室附近。他们吃午饭,玩游戏,聊天。他们笑和开玩笑 和放松。到了一天结束时,他们彼此了解得更好。希望充分,这 将帮助他们更好地合作,以及。
让我们回顾三个部分或戈麦斯夫人的团队建设计划:她有一个 会议上,她给了员工关于办公室组织的问题,她
计划一个有趣的活动,以帮助他们了解对方。我们可以看到,| 她的计划是基于解决问题的重要性,并相信
沟通是至关重要的,以成功作为一个团队。这是一个关键点:她 计划是基于解决问题和员工分享想法的想法。有什么问题吗?菲利佩?
学生2:嗯,我学习了一些商业管理课程,我 了解重要的是要发展沟通和建立团队
球员,但这不是只是浪费时间,有这些“乐趣”活动? 老师:嗯,很多经理认为这是在浪费时间,尤其是
在短期内。但是,从长远来看,这绝对不是浪费时间。在 事实上,它往往是一个伟大的方式来节省时间在团队建设。
让我们停在这里吧。今天我们讨论了团队建设,以及它为什么变得 重要。在下一节课中,1想谈谈其他小组活动
管理者可以使用建立团队。我们将在下一次开始。这都是为了今天。
单位8对和错上了网 老师:早上好。有人听到关于青少年的消息了吗?纽约谁黑客进入一个银行的数据库,并偷了约30000信用上周末的卡号码?黑客是计算机伦理学―相关这是我们今天的话题。计算机伦理学涉及信息技术的正确使用,如计算机和互联网。通过正确的使用,我的意思是社会责任的使用。我们首先讨论的是什么是道德行为,以及这是如何应用到计算机上的使用。首先,我想确保我们都知道什么是道德。有人吗?是的,约翰? 学生1:这是关于对与错。老师:是的,好的,珍妮佛。
学生2:它是关于做一个好人,做什么是正确的。
老师:是的,道德包括了这两种观点。它涉及道德判断,用什么是可以接受的或不可接受的。现在我们学习思想关于什么是对和错,从我们的家庭,我们的朋友,并从我们生活的文化。由于在我们的背景上的差异,我们可能不会总是同意什么是对的和错的。然而,对于我们今天的讨论,我会为你定义我的意思是伦理行为。一个道德的行动是有人做的好处有人,不伤害任何人。所以,例如,如果你看到一个男人掉了一些钱,你把钱捡起来,给他,这是一个道德行为。另一方面,如果你捡到了钱,又不给那个人,这有利于你,但伤害了男人。这不是一个道德行为。现在电脑呢?使用的伦理界限是什么?电脑和互联网?大多数人都同意在商店偷一个东西是错的。他们还说,从互联网上复制音乐文件是错误的吗? 或者,再举一个例子,大多数人都认为打开一个信封和给别人读一封信。他们也会说这是错误的,读别人的电子邮件?在过去的十年左右,越来越多的人开始使用电脑和电脑了互联网,所以这些问题已经成为重要。
1992、电脑美国道德协会成立于美国。这是一个研究、教育,和政策研究小组,其目标是提高道德意识随着技术的发展,可能会出现的问题。计算机伦理学研究所的一个概念是发展的十计算机道德戒律。这些规则是重要的指导方针协会认为所有的计算机用户都应该遵循。现在你们中的一些人可能会熟悉圣经的十条诫命,如,嗯,“你要不可杀人”或“你要孝敬你的父亲和你的母亲。”十计算机伦理学的命令已被写在相同的风格从圣经的十大诫命中使用的语言。例如,他们使用“你不应该”这句话,“你不应该”的意思是不要或你不应该。让我们看看每一条戒律或规则。第一条诫命说:你不可使用电脑伤害他人。很简单,对吗?数两。不妨碍别人的电脑工作。我解释这意味着不要使用任何会影响或改变的计算机的任何方式别人正在做的工作。不要移动或编辑别人的文件没有告诉他们。三号。你不应该窥探别人的文件。以监听手段试图找到的东西,没有人知道它。如果你看看别人的文件在电脑上或阅读他们的电子邮件,你是窥探。尊重他人的隐私。四号。不可使用偷电脑。有在互联网上的情况下,你必须决定是否你偷与否,像下载音乐文件,正如我所提到的早期的.五号。你不应该用电脑说不真实的东西。它在你的网站上,在你的电子商务,在你的电子商务是真实的—邮件。六号。你不应该使用你没有支付的软件。在换句话说,如果软件是免费的在互联网上,它是可以下载和使用它。然而,从一个朋友复制软件是不好的,因为你没有支付它。七号。不可使用别人的电脑资源不告诉他们,或不给他们。例如,你不应该使用别人的电脑,密码,或互联网连接没有先问他们。八号。你不适合别人的想法。适当的拼写a-p-p-r-o-p-r-i-a-t-e.„这意味着要采取的话别人写了,说他们是你的。例如,你必须写一份报告给你学校。如果你从互联网上复制一个学期论文,并把它交上,你是打破规则。从互联网上复制甚至几句话呈现他们作为你自己的是打破规则。九号。第九条诫命说:你要想到你正在写的程序的社会后果。现在,这主要适用给计算机程序员。社会后果意味着该计划如何你的写作可能会影响到社会上的其他人。黑客可能会使用你的非法进入计算机系统的程序?熟练的黑客可以黑客进入银行,并进入信用卡公司,他们可以改变帐户和偷的钱。他们还可以创建可以导致数十亿美元的病毒破坏世界。十号。这第十条诫命说:你永远使用一个计算机以尊重他人的方式。例如,发送不友好的电子邮件给某人或关于某人或创建网站负面消息是打破这条规则的例子。好的,计算机道德研究所已经把这些指导方针给了许多大的公司和在美国的学校。然而,没有办法执行这些规则。然而,他们希望看到学校,在特别是,利用这些规则,帮助学生培养强烈的计算机伦理学。好的,在这一点上的任何问题或意见?
学生1:我们应该如何记住所有这些规则?老师:嗯,有很多规则,但他们都归结为一对夫妇原则:尊重与公平。尊重他人的东西和使用资源相当。有帮助吗?学生1:是的,我想是的。
老师:好的。让我们回到道德。现在越来越多的学校看到学生需要被教计算机道德作为学校的一部分课程.一些学校已经提出了可接受的使用政策,或关于什么是或是不好的学生做关于电脑使用的规则。这是计算机伦理研究所希望看到的学校利用规则。一般来说,窃取别人的密码被认为是错误的或阅读别人的电子邮件。它也被认为是不可接受的大学一个学生的课堂上下加载一个学期论文,从互联网上和假装是他或她写的。这就是所谓的“剽窃”,这是一个很好的例子违反规则编号八。学生被允许使用互联网研究,但被指示用自己的话写的信息和来解释他们得到信息的地方。现在的十个规则是我们遵循的准则。这些规则有助于我们意识到技术的伦理利用。让我们今天在这里停下来吧。考虑这些规则在本周,我们将谈论他们。然后读下两个下个星期的章节。
单位9哪条路要走?
老师:今天的课的主题是土地作为一种资源。土地,水,树,油..这些都是资源,作为未来的环境科学家,你需要了解如何管理这些资源。作为世界人口增加,管理土地资源将成为一个更大的优先。土地是一个有限的资源。今天我要把讲座分为两部分。首先,我们将看看一些有助于我们的土地上的压力的因素,然后我想要转向世界各地的人们试图解决土地的一些方式问题和满足未来几代的需要。先把它认为是坏的消息,然后是好消息。让我开始说,没有太好的生产力土地现在比十年前。通过生产的土地,我的意思是土地这是肥沃的,我们可以用来种植食物和饲养动物。每一年更多的土地退化。我们正在失去肥沃的土地。全世界,新的干旱地区正在发展和扩大。这是发生在每一个除南极洲大陆。我并不意味着像撒哈拉沙漠这样的沙漠正在变得越来越大。我说的关于新的干旱地区,土地质量下降的地区。你可以在你的书中看到这些区域在地图上。为什么这些地区的形成和扩大?您是怎么想的?特丽萨?
学生1:这是气候,不是吗?地球在变,你知道,更热由于全球变暖,所以水被蒸发,土地干涸了。
老师:好的。马修,你同意吗?
学生2:嗯,是的。它必须是天气。它还能是什么呢?
老师:嗯,有不同的理由。有些人的贡献它对全球变暖或气候变化。他们说,自然简单地产生干燥的地区,如撒哈拉沙漠,以及潮湿的地区,如亚马逊热带雨林,让我们想想这个。是天气吗?让我们看看是否有其他因素促成了这一趋势。是大自然,还是天气,真的的问题吗?根据一大群科学家的说法,天气不是主要的因子。相反,他们说,人是最主要的因素。当他们说人是的主要问题,他们意味着人们的行动-人们如何使用和管理土地。可怜的土地管理、人口过剩、落后的农业技术,也许多动物,等等,都会影响土地。看你书中的图表。正如你所看到的,研究人员已经确定人类活动有助于解决问题的几种方法。
第一个是过度放牧的农场动物。他们说,约百分之35的损失肥沃的土地是由于过度放牧的农场动物。二是乱砍滥伐树木,导致约百分之30的损失。最后,百分之28的好用地的损失是从农业的方法。过度放牧,乱砍滥伐,和养殖方法。让我们一个一个看一看。首先是过度放牧。好的表层土壤由于破坏而丢失或损坏过度放牧的农场动物。过度放牧的动物吃的太多植物。有几个坏的结果,过度放牧。首先,没有足够的植物留下来保持土壤的地方。然后,表层土壤被风侵蚀和雨,他们把它带走。
第二,当动物们走动时,土壤是压缩,并得到很难。如果土壤太硬,雨水不被吸收进入土壤,这使土壤保持干燥和温暖。当土壤得到干燥,甚至更少的植物可以生长。这反过来又使动物行走周围越来越多,为了找到足够的食物吃。并且,这原因地面得到的包装甚至更多,甚至更干燥,等等。所以,你可以看到,过度放牧可以创建这个周期。第二,乱砍滥伐树木,也有助于形成良好的土地损失。这个主要问题是砍伐太多的树木而不是再植。几年来,我们已经听说这是如何发生在亚马逊雨林的一个大规模的发生在巴西。树木,像土地,是我们赖以生存的资源。他们是至关重要的地球上的整个环境平衡。如果树木被砍伐,无法再植,没有什么可以容纳好的土壤。风和水把好的土壤带走它易被侵蚀,留下土地,干燥,少生产。所以,乱砍滥伐是为什么土地质量下降的另一个原因。
第三,耕作方法是另一个大因素。在一些地方,传统的已经使用了数百年的方法不再工作。为什么他们不再工作了吗?部分是因为人口增加,农民们没有装备以满足这些新的需求,部分原因是土壤越来越破旧了。更多的人需要从更少的土地喂养。作为一个结果,一些农民可能在有限的土地上使用太多的肥料,或不让土地一年一年的休息,使它变得不肥沃。灌溉是一个巨大的因素,我们许多人都不考虑。灌溉水常在它里有盐,当盐在土壤里堆积时,土壤就不能再存在了用于耕作。
目前,世界上约有三分之一的灌溉土地在它有太多的盐。灌溉对好土地造成了沉重的损失。因此,基本上,人们如何使用土地似乎是一个更大的因素在生产用地减少。当然,天气的极端,像没有雨或太多的雨,可以增加的问题。然而,天气不是问题的主要原因。天气造成的一些极端通过全球变暖可以使生活在这些人的情况更糟糕干旱地区。但天气本身并不是主要问题。生产用地的下降是一个世界性的问题。目前,关于一个世界上第三的土地被认为是非生产性的,因为它太干燥了和损坏。好吧,这是坏消息。现在让我们转向好消息。是什么国家这样做是为了帮助保护土地作为一种资源?作为专家了解更多关于这个世界性的问题,他们试图找到办法来解决它。赖特现在有几个组织,联合国的一个,即帮助人们工作。他们试图帮助国家或社区看看他们的具体问题,并弄清楚他们能做什么样的改变保护他们的土地。他们和人们谈论他们的耕作方法,他们的动物,以及它们如何使用树木和其他资源。然后他们建议改变,可能会减轻他们的一些问题。农民可能会尝试种植转基因作物,不要伤害土壤,或植物新的树木,或饲养更少的动物,或建立新的灌溉系统,离开土壤中的盐少。他们寻找当地的解决方案,将工作最好的国。这包括在传统上和已经做了什么尊重当地文化的方式实施现代农业方法。
所以,让我们回顾一下我们今天所涵盖的。我提到了约三分之一世界上可用的土地变得干燥和生产力下降。主土地退化的原因是人的行为,包括过度放牧动物,乱砍滥伐树木,和养殖方法。随着科学家的学习,我们需要帮助这些国家做出具体的改变和农民的工作变得更好的装备,以便他们能保护留下的好土地。让我补充一点,如果我们看看世界人口的估计将从现在的五十年,约90亿人―它帮助我们看到保护好的土地是一个高优先级的需要。我会在那里停下来。我们将继续下一节课。这是今天下午的一切。10单元在DNA里
老师:早上好。今天我们将讨论一个重要的话题生物学-DNA和DNA测试。有人能告诉我们什么是DNA的代表吗? 学生1:去氧核糖核酸 老师:对。它是携带遗传信息的分子活细胞。首先,我们将看看DNA是什么,当它被发现时。然后,我们将看看DNA测试和几个应用程序,或使用的测试。这是一个令人兴奋的话题,因为我们学到的更多的是关于DNA,我们越是了解科学是如何改变我们的生活--从医疗保健到我们的生活关系.好的,DNA是什么样子的?
学生1:它看起来像两个字符串,互相缠绕着一种。
老师:是的,确切地说。在你的书中有一个简单的画。作为你可以看到,一个DNA分子由两股化学物质组成扭曲图案的化合物。在人类细胞内染色体。该DNA被组织在二十三对染色体在细胞内。基因排列在染色体上,这些携带基本的遗传信息,如头发的颜色,眼睛的颜色,或特点这是不可见的,如情报,以及更多。科学家们已经很长一段时间的DNA研究。首先,在1860,孟德尔做了两重要发现:他称之为基因的微小颗粒,以及基因携带的从细胞到细胞的信息。现在这真的是开始。然后,在1953,J.D.沃森和弗兰西斯克里克发现并描述了DNA的结构。他们的工作是如此的重要,以至于他们在1962获得了诺贝尔奖。对于第一次,科学家可以准确地理解DNA是如何告诉细胞什么的做。这产生了更多的DNA研究,并在第二十年底世纪,科学家们做出了其他重要的发现。可能最重要的工作是人类基因组计划。人的目标基因组计划是完成人类基因组的第一次阅读,全套人体DNA。嗯,这是一个巨大的工作,但经过十年的时间在六月,2000,该项目的负责人宣布,他们已经确定了全套人类基因。嗯,这是一个巨大的交易。大多数人看到了这个作为DNA研究的一个全新时代的开始。科学家可以读人体内所有的基因信息!当然,这是一个非常短暂的DNA研究史。好吧,让我们考虑DNA测试。DNA测试的一个重要用途是测试身份,这也被称为DNA指纹。下面是一个DNA指纹识别。科学家拿一个小样本的人的头发或皮肤,含有DNA。接下来,他们用化学药品处理样品,并做一个电影,像一张小照片。在这部电影中有一个黑色的可见图案酒吧.这种模式的黑条是独一无二的每个人。所以,一个DNA样本从你的头发识别你,它是,它就像你的指纹,它确定了你只有你。我看到一个问题。米格尔?
学生2:做从头发或皮肤或血液的DNA都看起来一样吗?
老师:不,不完全。从你的头发的DNA将看起来像头发DNA,但它将是独一无二的你的DNA模式。它有点像所有的鼻子像鼻子,对吗?但你的鼻子看起来像你的鼻子。现在我想看看DNA测试的两个应用程序或用途。首先,它如何可以被医生用,第二,怎么可以被警察使用。在健康保健,一个重要的用途是确定潜在的健康问题。研究人员已经发现了一些与特定疾病相关的基因。例如.亨廷顿病与4号染色体的缺陷,和老年痴呆症疾病与19号染色体上的一个缺陷有关。一个遗传链接意味着医生知道,如果有人在这些基因的缺陷,他们更可能为了得到这些健康问题,他们的潜力增加了。注意,我没有说“研究人员已经发现,一些基因缺陷导致特定的疾病。”有简单的一个链接。医生进行DNA测试后,他们可以决定最好的使用方式信息。例如,他们可以给病人服用药物以预防一种从永远开始的疾病。基因测试也可以用来决定哪些给某人的药。这被称为有针对性的药物。对我来说,这是非常令人兴奋和有希望的。人的DNA有微小的差异人.这些差异可能会影响哪些患者将有助于药物,可能受到伤害的人。这是,嗯,一个巨大的优势。它节省了生命和金钱。现在,让我们看看DNA测试是如何使用的警察。警方可以使用DNA指纹识别和跟踪罪犯。他们所需要的是一个小的数量,或痕迹,从犯罪现场的血液或头发。如果DNA样本犯罪现场和犯罪嫌疑人相匹配,结果,至少在美国,可以作为法庭上的证据。所以,DNA检测可以用来帮助放监狱里的人。以同样的方式,DNA测试可以用来帮助监狱里的无辜者。监狱里的人现在可以尝试使用DNA测试对于发生的罪行,说,十年前。如果他们的DNA指纹不从犯罪现场的DNA指纹相匹配,这可以帮助他们获得一个新的审判,也许让他们出狱。正如你所看到的,DNA测试是有好处的。然而,也有一些人担心,这种类型的信息可能会被用来对付我们的未来。现在让我们考虑如何DNA测试可以用来对付你。如果一个你想工作的公司要求你做一个DNA测试吗?如果你的DNA测试表明,你有一个基因缺陷与某种类型的癌症?公司会决定不雇用你吗?人们也担心健康保险。他们害怕他们可能无法得到健康保险如果他们的DNA测试表明他们在某些疾病的更高的风险。因此,在美国,一些法律已经通过,以保护隐私医疗记录。现在DNA测试有其他的可能性,我们今天不会讨论。但在任何情况下,许多人都认为测试的负面用途-担心它将被用来对付人或创造“完美”的婴儿。别人想警方能够跟踪罪犯和可能的医疗保健进展。但,另一种思考的方式是,它告诉我们更多关于我们是谁,和这是生物学的目标--理解自然。我想我今天会在那里停下来。在下一节课中,我想谈谈关于使用DNA测试的更深入的问题医生。好的,下一次我们会开始。那是,嗯,这一切都是为了今天。单元11保持健康
老师:下午好。你听说有一个新的消息吗在非洲中部爆发埃博拉病毒?这次爆发是什么的一个例子我们今天要谈的是。关于世界各地的医疗问题的消息已经很多了。有新的疟疾株,西尼罗河病毒,正在进行的关于艾滋病的新闻。似乎许多传染病的发病率都在增加,甚至与在医疗保健的巨大进展。因此,有许多挑战医生和医疗工作者。作为未来的公共卫生工作者,这是很重要的对于你有一个现实的看法,这些挑战,也发展一种意义上说乐观地迎接他们。为什么疾病传播得更迅速?好,我们在海外旅行比以往任何时候都多。随着越来越多的人旅行,传染病传播的更频繁,更迅速。怎么你们许多人在过去的六个月里出国旅行过吗? „你们很多人。哪里你去了吗? 学生1:到台湾。老师:你呢?
学生2:我去了土耳其。老师:你呢? 学生3:巴西。老师:所以你看,就在我们之间,我们可能已经在附近了最近世界上!随着这些传染病,出现了一个增加的人数与过敏和呼吸问题。一些相信这是由于污染。你们有人对什么过敏吗?„是的,看到很多你是。
我知道我是。要了解这些问题,它有助于了解我们的免疫系统是,为什么我们生活的世界,使我们的免疫系统工作非常努力。让我简单地解释一下什么是免疫系统。免疫系统是在我们的身体,对抗疾病的系统。免疫系统的工作是保护身体免受可能伤害我们的东西,这可能使我们生病。对于例如,当有人打喷嚏时,我们在一个拥挤的火车。..哦,我讨厌当发生的事情!如何健康,我们取决于我们如何能够战斗和摧毁“坏家伙”,可以伤害我们的细菌或微生物。有免疫意味着能够对抗他们。有一个是非常重要的强大的免疫系统,如果我们想保持健康。这里是一个关键点。我们发展对我们周围的东西的免疫力,我们是什么暴露。因此,如果你住在东京,你对微生物产生免疫力在东京,如果你住在巴黎,你对什么是危险的,你的免疫力巴黎,等等。适应环境需要时间。这就是所谓的适应性免疫。适应性免疫意味着暴露在一种疾病的原因发展了对抗疾病的能力。所以,例如,一个女孩得病,说水痘。那个女孩对鸡肉发展免疫力痘,她不会再得水痘了。现在,美国有人在亚马逊上乘船旅行怎么样河流,或有人从台湾到非洲旅行?这些人都是新的有引起疾病的细菌和病毒的地方、场所。但人的免疫系统还没有适应这些疾病的斗争,所以人可能生病。然后,如果那个人从旅行回家,生病了,他或她可能是会传染的。但人们回到家里就不会有能力对抗疾病,他们的免疫系统将不知道如何。这是怎样的传染病可以传染给其他人。抵抗疾病,某人必须有免疫力。这是非常重要的。我们可以通过发展它的免疫力,像小女孩一样的水痘,或通过免疫。获得免疫的一种方法是获得免疫拍摄,例如,一个霍乱的。人们经常在旅行之前就出手建立他们的免疫力。这确实有帮助,但在任何情况下,我们的免疫当我们与新的接触时,系统必须更加努力工作和努力微生物。
近年来,我们学到了更多关于免疫系统的各种知识问题.可能最为著名的是艾滋病,或获得性免疫免疫缺陷综合征,艾滋病病毒,人类免疫缺陷病毒。最我们知道艾滋病和艾滋病毒的术语,但让我们看看这些字母代表什么。在艾滋病的编号代表免疫缺乏。”缺乏”意味着没有足够的东西。所以艾滋病人缺乏免疫力。他们不能抵抗感染或疾病。现在,回到过敏。很多人不认为过敏是一种免疫问题,但他们。
事实上,过敏是最普遍的我们今天的免疫问题。过敏是对某事的一种反应通常不应该影响人。过敏反应确实是一种免疫系统。正如我前面所说的,免疫系统的工作是保护你从那些对你的健康有害的东西,像是细菌上的东西地铁或公共汽车。当你有一个过敏反应,这是一个信号免疫系统工作太辛苦。另一种思考的方式是免疫系统出错。错误是,它是为了保护你对一些对你不危险的东西,像猫、花或草。过敏反应,如打喷嚏,红肿的眼睛,或呼吸困难可以让人不舒服,但都是普通的,一般不太严重。然而,有些人可以开发一个更严重的反应,影响整个身体。这就是所谓的过敏反应a-n-a-p-h-y-l-a-c—t-i-c.这是很危险的。事实上,如果没有药物,有人会死的给出停止反应。我们以同样的方式治疗过敏,我们试图预防感染性疾病。我们尝试通过引入少量的免疫系统来建立免疫系统身体过敏原。这使我们不太敏感的过敏原和教我们的身体没有作出如此强烈的反应。好吧,让我们在这里结束。我们都有一些免疫力的挑战。这些挑战不会消失,因为我们将继续下去,因为我们将继续旅行,等等。但是,我们可以采取一些控制的情况意识到各种疾病,过敏和环境的疾病是在某种程度上联系起来,他们都与我们的免疫系统。然后我们可以采取一些积极的措施。我们可以通过吃东西来过一种健康的生活方式好吧,锻炼身体,控制压力,快乐。是的,一些研究表明,快乐的人更健康。当然,通过意识到当我们在那些与我们自己的国家非常不同的国家旅行时,我们面临的风险。有什么问题吗?„辛西娅.学生1:所以当你对一个东西过敏,像猫的头发,你是说,你可以治愈它变得更健康?
老师:是的,它有助于身体健康。这将减少症状。
学生1:那么你能避免一些疾病,如霍乱或艾滋病通过保持健康和有一个强大的免疫系统?
老师:也许,但有些微生物是如此强烈,他们可以攻击甚至是非常健康的免疫系统,所以,我们的免疫系统保护我们。我们可以通过接触他们来发展对疾病的免疫力,通过适应,或通过获得免疫,通常是由射击。过敏是最常见的免疫系统问题。在过敏反应中,免疫系统正在努力战斗的东西,并没有真正造成我们的伤害。最后,一健康的生活方式可以帮助我们建立我们的免疫力。我们会在这里停下来。拜托下一次阅读下一个单元。单元12准备,准备
老师:早上好,大家。你们有人听说了吗昨天加利福尼亚发生地震了?你没有?嗯,幸运的是,没有人是严重伤害。今天,我想谈谈可以做什么在这些类型的情况.在城市规划专业中,我们需要知道的范围城市问题,并制定计划-提前-为处理。我们将开始讨论自然灾害和自然灾害之间的区别。灾难.我要给你一些关于计划的想法,关于准备对于自然灾害。好的,首先是一些背景。让我们看看我所说的自然灾害是什么意思。自然灾害是发生在自然中的事情,对我们来说是危险的--像地震、台风、飓风、海啸、火灾、泥石流、火山火山爆发、雪崩、洪水、龙卷风。..许多自然灾害。一危险,那么,是一件可以是危险的事情。
现在,我想在自然灾害和自然灾害之间作出区分灾难。正如我刚才所说,有一个自然的危险,有很多潜在的损伤。相比之下,自然灾害意味着可怕的事情发生和正常生活被中断。人民被杀害了,有很多的破坏。灾难是我们听到的消息。你知道,正如我所做的,我们不能阻止地震或飓风。所以,我要专注于方法,我们可以限制的影响,我们可以准备显著减少死亡,受伤和伤害,当他们发生。准备是至关重要的。一个国家所做的准备是基于自然灾害发生在那个国家。现在让我们考虑规划。启动紧急反应是不容易的计划。有很多事情要考虑。在最低限度,它需要科学科学家和政府之间的信息、金钱和合作一个国家的。科学家和政府需要共享信息。这不是总是容易做的-因为一些原因。首先,一个国家可能无法使用科学信息,因为它不使用科学信息有钱。在一个完美的世界里,政府将拥有所有的钱他们需要的,但在现实世界中,他们不这样,所以政府必须设置支出的优先次序。政府,特别是发展中国家,经常要在照顾他们现在的问题之间选择需要新的道路和学校,并花钱来计划问题他们可能有一个自然灾害袭击。一个很好的例子就是建筑材料.科学家们知道,建筑材料是非常重要的最大限度地减少自然灾害造成的破坏。一些国家的政府意识到这些材料将挽救生命,但他们没有钱使用它们。
第二,政府必须决定如何和何时使用信息科学家.科学家不能肯定地说,百分之100,一场暴风雨会发生,或正时,它会发生。他们的信息不精确。所以,一个政府必须决定该做什么,如果科学数据告诉他们的东西很可能会发生。它可以等待和什么都不做,或者它可以告诉人们准备。..现在让我们假设政府告诉人们离开他们的家园。所以他们做,花费大量的时间和金钱的人离开。如果发生什么没有地震,或者只有一个非常小的地震?人们愿意政府告诉他们下一次离开?在我谈论更多的计划之前,我要告诉你关于两个火山的喷发。想想如何规划,或缺乏,是一个因素在这两个。
在november1985,火山在哥伦比亚爆发的火山鲁伊斯。一在这之前的一年,火山一直在制造噪音。科学家知道火山可能爆发,但他们不能说什么时候会发生。这个火山不停地制造噪音,但附近的居民没有离开。科学家们已经做了最危险的区域的地图,并给出了这些地图对政府。政府,但是,不能使用火山爆发之前,鲁伊斯的信息。当火山爆发时,它融化的雪和冰在火山顶部,突然大量的水冲下来的火山的侧面,造成巨大的泥石流。这是当灾难:泥石流迅速通过几个城镇。更多在一个很短的时间内,超过25000人死亡。他们没有准备。这是一个重大的灾难。
第二个例子是20世纪90年代末在岛上爆发的火山在加勒比海的蒙特塞拉特岛的。它已经不活跃超过一百年,但在1995,它开始制造噪音。科学家们非常观察火山密切,并告诉政府正在发生什么。政府告诉住在附近的人,他们不得不搬家。所以,人们被疏散。从1995日起,火山继续活跃。然而,五年后,只有大约十九人被杀害。避免了一个大灾难。
现在让我们考虑这两个例子。从我们所拥有的信息,我们要知道一个国家比另一个国家有更好的准备。我们不知道为什么。可能有很多原因。这是复杂的,我也不想听起来太现在让我们考虑这两个例子。从我们所拥有的信息,我们要知道一个国家比另一个国家有更好的准备。我们不知道为什么。可能有很多原因。这是复杂的,我也不想听起来太关键在这里,但我们可以看到,蒙特塞拉特岛的计划作出了巨大的差异:只有十九人死在那里,而有二万五千人死于哥伦比亚。好 啊.让我们现在开始启动一个应急计划。哪些基本你认为任何一个国家都需要一个计划吗?第一件事是什么?是的,风采。学生1:知道会发生什么。老师:嗯,是的,但是,呃,正如我们讨论的,我们不可能知道100百分之确定的肯定会发生什么。第一阶段是真正的两部分:收集信息(做研究),并规划如何临—为人的基本需要的水,食物,等等。
首先,科学家需要收集来自世界各地的信息的类型的危险发生在他们的国家。然后,他们可以使用他们的研究的信息试图预测未来会发生什么,并相应地计划。对于例如,日本使用这种类型的信息时,它使新的建筑,道路,等等。这是困难的,因为研究不能给他们精确的信息。
在第二阶段,政府必须准备为人民提供基本需要,如果有一个自然灾害。他们需要做最少的两个东西.他们需要组织足够的应急物资,例如食品,瓶装水、医药等,他们需要沟通的人们事先知道这些用品位于哪里的人需要知道去哪里。第二阶段也涵盖了每个人的需求发生自然灾害后立即做好--报警、紧急救援工人、市民,等等,他们该去哪里,如何到达那里,和等等.这使人们能够帮助自己。所以,第二阶段涉及向人们提供信息和供给。
紧急应对计划的第三阶段是恢复。这意味着计划在灾难发生后的几天和几周做什么,以及如何政府将使人们恢复正常的生活后的损害是完成.也许需要几年的时间来重建,说,一个地震。该计划应包括谁,何时,以及如何。例如,谁将重建房屋和道路,当它将被做,以及它将如何支付。这只是一个简短的介绍计划。我们不能停止自然灾难发生了,他们会发生。但我们可以限制他们造成的损失。在下一节课,我们将讨论哪些国家正在做,以建立更安全的地震区建筑。我们将讨论正在使用的材料。如果你有任何问题,来看看我。