第一篇:英语时态----现在进行时
英语时态之现在进行时
现在进行时
现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”,动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。所谓“正在进行中”,是指在谈到这件事的时候,这个动作还在进行中。至于它是什么时候开始的,什么时候会停下来,不是我们关心的。所以“正在进行时”的事件,可能发生几年了,也可能只有几分钟。仍在进行中这是“正在进行时”的关键所在。它是一件持续进行的事情。
定义
现在进行时表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。所谓“正在进行中”,是指在谈到这件事的时候,这个动作还在进行中。
现在进行时的构成
现在进行时的构成是:主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式
第一人称单数I+am+V-ing.第一人称复数We+are+V-ing.第二人称单(复)数 You+are+V-ing
第三人称单数 He(She,it)+is+V-ing
第三人称复数 They+are+V-ing
肯定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+现在分词
否定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+not+现在分词
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一般疑问句:be(is/am/are)+主语+现在分词
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth?
间接引语中改为过去进行时。
变化规则
1.直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping)
2.去掉不发音的e+ing(例:bite-e+ing biting)
3.重读闭音节,以辅音字母加元音字母加辅音字母结尾的词,要双写尾字母再加ing(例:swim+m+ing=swimming)
4.以ie结尾的重读闭音节,变ie为y+ing(例:die-dying lie-lying)
5结尾为c且c读作/k/时,在结尾加k再加ing,如picnic-picnicking
现在进行时的基本用法:
A表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
例:We are waiting for you.B.表示现阶段正在进行的动作,说话时未必正在进行。
例:Mr.Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
例:She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.C.已经确定或安排好的但不确定会不会发生的将来活动。
I'm leaving for a travel in Nepal next week.(我下周要去尼泊尔旅行)
We're flying to Paris tomorrow(我们明天乘飞机去巴黎)
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句型构成
现在进行时
助动词be+动词的现在分词(ing形式)。
be的变化
在现在时中,be 要根据人称代词和名词的单复数不同,而分别使用am/is/are,即:I am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is,you/we/they 包括复数名词用are.现在进行时
注意:be 动词在现在时里算作“助动词”,翻译正在进行时的时候,be不能解释为“是”,否则不通顺。它只是和现在分词一起构成“进行时”。
动词加ing的规则
现在分词是在动词后加上ing 构成。如:starting,working, coming, sitting 等都是现在分词。现在分词的变化规则是固定的,大家用心记一下就可以了。
(1)直接在谓语动词后加ing.例如:going, starting, working,looking,playing.(2)去掉词尾不发音的e,再加ing.例如 leaving,making,coming,writing.注意:如果单词结尾的e发音,则不能去掉,也直接加ing.例如:see-seeing/agreelying/dietying/picnicrunning stopcutting controlputting 时间状语
可用来表示现在进行时的时间状语,常用的有:now, this week, at this moment,right now 等;或者告诉你一个准确的现在时间,或者用look, listen提醒听者注意正在发生的事。例如:
They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。
Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。
Look at the picture.The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图。那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
It's 6:30 now.I am getting up.现在是6:30.我正在起床。
句型分析
1.一般疑问句是将be移到主语前面,句末加问号,读升调。
be+主语+doing sth
Are they putting up the scaffolding? Yes, they are./ No, they aren't.Is he showing a foreign guest round the city? Yes, he is./ No, he isn't.2.否定句式是在be动词后加not.主语+be+not+doing sth
I am not working.He isn't runnig or the track.The students aren't playing football.4 / 13
使用场合
1.当句中出现的表示时间的词是now, at the moment(此刻、现在)等时,表示句子要说明的是现在正在发生的事,动词应用现在进行时。
Linda's brother is watching TV in his bedroom now.琳达的哥哥现在正在他的卧室里看电视。
We're far from home.What are our parents doing at the moment?
我们现在远离家,我们的父母此刻在干什么呢?
2.当句中出现的时间状语是these days, this week, this month等时,如果句子所要表达的意义是在这一阶段正在发生的事,则动词应用现在进行时。
These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm.这些天我们在农场帮农民们干活。
They're having a test this week.这一周他们在进行一次考试。
Mr Cheng is visiting our village this month.这个月程先生在我们村访问。
3.在句中出现了Look, Listen, Can't you see? 等暗示词时,说明后面谓语动词的动作正在发生,该动词应用现在进行时。
Look!Maria and Tom are dancing under the tree.看!玛丽亚和汤姆正在树下跳舞。
Listen!Our English teacher is singing the popular English song.听!我们英语老师正在唱那首流行的英文歌曲。
Many children are swimming in the river.Can't you see?
许多小孩在河里游泳,你难道看不见吗?
4.注意根据上下文的暗示,句子的谓语动词可能应用现在进行时。
— Where is Mr Wang? 王先生在哪儿?
— Oh, he is reading a newspaper in the office.噢,他正在办公室看报。
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(问句询问王先生在哪儿,应说明他现在在哪儿,故答句应说明他现在正在做的事,用现在进行时。)
—Is that boy Jack?那个男孩是杰克吗?
— No,Jack is doing his homework in the classroom.不是,杰克正在教室做作业呢。
(答句中说明的杰克做作业的情况应发生在现在,应用现在进行时。)
注意事项
1.在英语中,并不是所有的动词都要使用正在进行时。例如一些表示状态和感觉的动词,一般不用进行时态,而是用现在一般时表示。例如:
I hear someone singing.我正听见有人唱歌。
Do you see anyone over there? 你看到那里有什么人吗?
What does he think of it? 他觉得这怎么样?
如果这些词使用正在进行时态,句子带有某种感情色彩。例如:
Are you seeing someone off? 你在给谁送行吗?
They are hearing an English talk.他们在听一个英语报告。
2.现在进行时还有另外一种含义,即它们能表达即将发生的事情,相当于一般将来时。能够用来表示将来状况的动词有:arrive, come, do, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, spend, start, stay, wear, work等。
We are leaving on Friday。我们星期五出发。
Are you going anywhere tomorrow?你明天准备去哪儿?
A foreign guest is giving a lecture this afternoon。今天下午一个外国客人将给我们作报告。
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Are you staying here till next week? 你打算在这里呆到下个星期吗?
在表示将来的情况下,特别是be going to do sth.这种结构,已经没有多少“去”的意思了,几乎就是用来表达“将要、打算”做什么事情。例如:
It is going to be rather cold tomorrow。明天很可能非常冷。
She is not going to speak at the meeting。她不打算在那个会上发言。
3.当其与always、forever、continually、constantly 等副词连用时表示重复的动作,而这种动作可能使人不满,厌倦或满意。例如:
①She is perpetually interfering in my affairs.她老是干预我的事。(不满)
②The students are making progress constantly.学生们在不断进步。(满意)
现在进行时的标志有很多,如:listen,look,now,these days,Be quiet!/Don't talk等等。
特殊用法
现在进行时与短暂性动词搭配使用时可表示将来的时态。例如:
The bus is coming.公交车来了。
Lily is leaving tonight, we would better send her off.莉莉今晚要走了,我们最好去送送她。
特殊情况
1.有些动词从结构来看是现在进行时,但却是表示将要发生的事,而不表示动作现在正在进行。这些动词往往是一些表示位置移动变化的动词,如:go , come , leave , fly , move, start, begin , arrive, , stay, return等。
Next month my family is moving to Beijing.7 / 13
下个月,我家就要搬到北京去了。(搬的动作并非现在发生,而将在下个月发生。)
My aunt is leaving for Shanghai at eleven o'clock tomorrow morning.明天早上十一点我婶婶将离开去上海。
2.并不是所有动词都有进行时,一些动词一般在句中不能用现在进行时态,而应用一般现在时。这些动词往往是等表示情感状态、知觉认识、愿望或短暂性的动词。例如:see(明白),know, want, like, hear, have(有), think, hope, hate等。
3.在时间、条件状语从句中,有时可用现在进行时代替一般将来时。
When you are passing my way,please drop in.你什么时候路过我家,请进来坐。
被动语态
现在进行时
现在进行时由主动语态变被动语态时应注意以下一些问题:
1.也像其它时态由主动语态变被动语态一样,首先弄清楚用现在进行时的句子中哪些可以由主动语态变为被动语态。我们知道,在简单句的五个基本句型中,有三个基本句型(S V O,S V o O,S V O C)可以由主动语态变为被动语态;有两个基本句型(S V,S V P)不能由主动语态变为被动语态。所以,当这三个基本句型(S V O,S V InO DO,S V O OC)的谓语动词用了现在进行时时才有可能由主动语态变为被动语态。例如:
They are studying the milu deer at the research centre.(S V O)→ The milu deer are being studied at the research centre.She is teaching the boy a lesson.(S V InO DO)→ The boy is being taught a lesson.Now he is making the girl laugh.(S V O OC)→ Now the girl is being made to laugh.8 / 13
还应注意到一些动词很少用于被动语态,因此这些动词在句子谓语用了现在进行时时也常没有被动语态。如:We are having supper now.一般不能变为Supper is being had now.。
2.及物动词现在进行时由主动语态变被动语态时有三种句式:①主语(第一人称单数I)am being 过去分词 其他成分;②主语(第二人称单、复数you,第一人称复数we和第三人称复数they等)are being 过去分词 其他成分;③主语(第三人称单数 he,she,it等)is being 过去分词 其他成分。所以,当句子谓语动词用了现在进行时由主动语态变被动语态时谓语动词要由原来作宾语变为主语时的名(代)词的数来决定,从上面三种句式中选择合适的一种句式。例如:
They are collecting money for the broadband project.→ Money is being collected for the broad-band project.They are not protecting some animals well enough.→ Some animals are not being protected well enough.3.当变为主语的原来的宾语(名/代词)有较长的动词不定式短语(复合结构)、介词短语、从句修饰或有补足语时,动词不定式短语、介词短语、从句和补足语等,一般都仍然保留在原来的位置上。例如:
They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children.→ The laws are being revised to protect the rights of women and children.They are writing a report about the negative effects of cell phones in school.→ A report is being written about the negative effects of cell phones in school.Scientists are keeping a sick milu deer alive at the centre.→ A sick milu deer is being kept alive at the centre(by scientists).4.如果用在现在进行时的句子中的谓语动词是动词短语或习惯用语,那么这个动词短语或习语只把动词变为被动语态,其他部分保持不变。例如:
The parents are taking good care of their test-tube baby.→
Their test-tube baby is being taken good care of(by the parents).5.当用了现在进行时的句子结构是“S V In O DO”句型时,既可以把间接宾语变为被动句的主语,也可以把直接宾语变为被动句的主语,但如果是后者,可根
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据动词的习惯用法,把间接宾语改写为to或for引起的介词短语。例如:
George is sending his friend's phone texts and pictures.His friend's phone is being sent texts and pictures(by George).Texts and pictures are being sent to his friend's phone(by George).She is making Toma new coat.Tom is being made a new coat.A new coat is being made for Tom.6.用了现在进行时的句子由主动语态变为被动语态后,原来充当主语的名/代词(特别是人称代词)在一般情况下可以省略掉,如果有必要强调时可用by表示,常放在句子后面。例如:
They are adding new functions to the phones.New functions are being added to the phones(by them).Scientists are studying the life of the milu deer at present.The life of the milu deer is being studied at present by scientists.7.当用了现在进行时的句子由主动语态变为被动语态后,其否定式的构成主要把not放在谓语动词中第一个助动词(am,are或is)后面构成,而疑问式的构成则是把句子谓语动词的第一个助动词(am,are或is)移到句子前(第一个字母要大写),然后在句子后面加上问号而成。例如:
New nature parks are being started in China.New nature parks are not being started in China.(否定式)
Milu deer are being sent to China from Britain.Are milu deer being sent to China from Britain?(疑问式)
如果是特殊疑问句还要在这个助词前面加上适当疑问词。例如:
Why is money being collected? 与一般现在时区别
一般现在时表示经常性动作,现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作。例如:
He studies hard.他(经常)努力学习。
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He is studying hard.他(此刻或现阶段)正在努力学习。
一般现在时表示现在发生的动作,现在进行时表示眼前看得见的动作。例如:
Boats pass under the bridge.船从桥下穿过。
The boat is passing under the bridge.船正从桥下穿过。
基本用法
(1)表示(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。
(2)也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
(二)谓语构成:be(am/ is/ are)+v-ing(动词的现在分词)
I’m watching TV now.They’re playing football.(三)现在分词的构成。
(1)一般情况下在动词词尾加ing。
go→going ask →asking look→looking
(2)以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e加ing。
have →having take→taking make→making write→writing
(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写最后一个字母,再加-ing。
get→getting sit→sitting put→putting run→running
swim→swimming begin→beginning shop→shopping
(四)现在进行时态的肯定式、否定式、疑问式及简略回答。
(1)肯定式:be+v-ing She is singing in the next room.(2)否定式:be+not+v-ing The students aren’t cleaning the room.(3)一般问句:be动词提前。
肯定答语Yes,主语+be,否定答语No,主语+be not。
Are you playing the computer game? Yes, I am./No, I am not.(4)特殊问句:对谓语动词进行提问的:What+be +主语+doing+其他?
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What is the old man doing under the tree?
对其他成份进行提问的,疑问词+一般疑问句?
Where is the boy swimming?
Who is she waiting for?
三.现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
(一)现在进行时表示动作的暂时性,而一般现在时表示动作的习惯性和经常性
I am watching TV now.(暂时性)
I watch TV every day.(经常性)
(二)现在进行时可表示短暂性动作,而一般现在时表示长久性动作。
Lucy is living in Beijing.(短时间居住)
Lucy lives in Beijing.(长久性居住)
(三)现在进行时表示的动作可带有感情色彩,而一般现在时所表述的动作通常是事实。
You’re always forgetting the most important things.(责备)
He is always helping others.(赞扬)
He often helps others.(事实)
(四)有些动词不能用进行时,know, understand, love, like, hate, wish, want, think, hope, have, believe, agree, hear, see, notice,等等。这些动词通常用一般现在时表示说话时发生的动作。
I have a lot of friends here.She wants to buy a new bike.12 / 13
其他用法
(1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:
They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。
(2)以look, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:
Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week, these days等时间状语,这时常用现在进行时。如:
We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
(4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如:
Look at the picture.The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
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第二篇:初中时态全攻略一般现在时和现在进行时
一般现在时与现在进行时的比较
【概念不同】
一般现在时:
一般现在时表示经常的、习惯性的动作或现在的特征、状态。
现在进行时:
现在进行时表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作或目前这一阶段一直持续的状态。
【构成不同】
一般现在时:
一般现在时的构成有以下几种类型:
1.be动词型:
be 在肯定句中的形式为:am, is 或are;在否定句中的形式为: am not, is not / isn't或are not / aren't;在一般疑问句中,am, is 或are要放在句子开头,简略答语为:Yes, 主语 + am / is / are.或No, 主语 + am not / isn't / aren't.例如:
—Are you a teacher? 你是一名教师吗?
—Yes, I am./ No, I'm not.是的,我是。/ 不,我不是。
2.情态动词型:
句子中的谓语动词由“情态动词 + 动词原形”构成。例如:
I can sing in English.我可以用英语唱歌。
3.祈使句型:
无论是肯定形式的祈使句,还是否定形式的祈使句,通常用一般现在时。例如:
Sit down, please.请坐。
Don't worry.别担心。
4.实义(行为)动词型: 在肯定句中,句子的谓语动词是实义(行为)动词的原形或第三人称单数形式。例如:
He has something important to do.他有一些重要的事情要做。
在否定句中,句子的谓语动词由“助动词do / don't或does / doesn't + 动词原形”构成。例如:
He doesn't watch TV in the evening.他晚上不看电视。
在一般疑问句中,句子的谓语动词仍由“助动词do或does...+ 动词原形”构成。例如:
Does Jack leave home at seven? 杰克是7点离开家的吗?
现在进行时:
现在进行时由“助动词be(am, is / are)+ 动词的现在分词” 构成。例如:
They are listening to the radio now.他们正在听广播。
Are you writing a letter now? 你正在写信吗?
【时间状语不同】
常与一般现在时连用的时间状语有: sometimes, usually, never, always, often;every day / week / month / year /...;on Sunday(s)/ Monday(s)/...;at seven forty;in the morning / afternoon / evening;now;today等等。例如:
I write to my uncle every month.我每个月给叔叔写一封信。
常与现在进行时连用的时间状语有:now, at the moment;另外,以Look, Listen 或 Don't...等开头的祈使句常常会引出现在进行时的句子。但是,有时也用一般现在时,要看是表示正在进行的动作还是表示现在的状态。如果表示正在进行的动作就用现在进行时,如果表示现在的状态就用一般现在时。试比较:
Listen!Who is singing over there? 听!谁在那里唱歌呢?(表示正在进行的动作)
Look!Who is over there? 看!是谁在那里?(表示现在的状态)
Riddles(I)1.What is smaller than an insect's mouth? 2.What season is the most dangerous one? 3.What's too much for me,just right for two,but nothing at all for three? 4.On what day of a year do soldiers start wars in history? 5.How many feet are in a yard? 6.What person tries to make others smile most of the time? 7.From what number can one take half and leave nothing? 8.What has hands but no feet, a face but no eyes,tells but does not talk? 9.How many months have 28 days? 10.Which horses have six legs?
1.听磁带_______ 2.向老师请求帮助__________ 3.制作抽认卡 _________4.观看英语录象__________5.朗读 ___________6.练习语音_________ 7.说的技能_________8.太„而不能 ____________9.询问有关„ _________10.学英语的最好方法 ____________11.具体的建议___________ 12.观看演员说话 __________13.发现看电影令人沮丧___________ 14.得到大量的写作练习____________15.一点也不 ____________16.变得兴奋 _________17.结束做„__________ 18.英语口语____________ 19.练习说英语________20.加入英语俱乐部 _____________21.嘲笑某人____________
1.in/on 在表示空间位置时,in表示在某个空间的范围以内,on表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如:
There is a bird in the tree.树上有只鸟。There is a picture on the wall.墙上有张图。
2.this/that/these/those(1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事,these是this的复数形式。that常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事,those时that的复数形式。例如: You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子,我去看那边的那个盒子。
I want this car, not that car.我想要这辆小汽车,不是那一辆。Take these books to his room, please.请把这些书拿到他房间去。This is mine;that’s yours.这个是我的,那个是你的。
These are apples;those are oranges.这些是苹果,那些是橘子。(2)在打电话的用语中,this常常指的是我,that常常指的是对方。例如: This is Mary speaking.Who’s that? 我是玛丽。你是谁? 3.There be/ have There be “有”,其确切含意为“某处或某时存在某人或某物。”其结构是:There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语,be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致,be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is,名词是复数时用are。例如:
(1)There is a big bottle of coke on the table.桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2)There is a doll in the box.那个盒子里有个娃娃。
(3)There are many apples on the tree.那树上有许多苹果。总之,There be结构强调的是一种客观存在的“有”。have表示“拥有,占有,具有”,即:某人有某物(sb.have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词,与主语是所属关系。例如:(4)I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟,一个姐姐。(5)That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。4.look/ see/ watch(1)look 表示“看、瞧”,着重指认真看,强调看的动作,表示有意识地注意看,但不一定看到,以提醒对方注意。,如:
Look!The children are playing computer games.瞧!孩子们在玩电脑游戏。Look!What’s that over there? 看!那边那个是什么?
单独使用是不及物动词,如强调看某人/物,其后接介词at,才能带宾语,如: He’s looking at me。他正在看着我。
(2)see强调“看”的结果,着重的是look这个动作的结果,意思是“看到”,see是及物动词,后面能直接跟宾语。如:
What can you see in the picture? 你能在图上看到什么?
Look at the blackboard.What did you see on it?看黑板!你看到了什么?(3)watch“观看,注视”,侧重于场面,表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动,强调过程,常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如:
Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。4.put on/ / in put on意为“穿上,戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作, 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。in是介词,表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如: It’s cold outside, put on your coat.外面冷,穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out.他戴上帽子,走了出去。
The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。5.house/ home/family house :“房子”,指居住的建筑物;Home家”,指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方;Family家庭“,“家庭成员”。例如:: “: “
Please come to my house this afternoon.今天下午请到我家来。He is not at home.他不在家。
My family all get up early.我们全家都起得很早。6.fine, nice, good, well 四者都可用作形容词表示“好”之意,但前三者既可作表语又可作定语,而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于:
(1)fine指物时表示的是质量上的“精细”,形容人时表示的是“身体健康”,也 可以用来指“天气晴朗”。例如:
Your parents are very fine.你父母身体很健康。That's a fine machine.那是一台很好的机器。
It's a fine day for a walk today.今天是散步的好时候。
(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表,有“美好”,“漂亮”的意思,也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如:
Lucy looks nice.露西看上去很漂亮。
These coats are very nice.那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you.见到你很高兴。It's very nice of you.你真好。(3)good形容人时指“品德好”,形容物时指“质量好”,是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如:
Her son is a good student.她儿子是一个好学生。The red car is very good.那辆红色小汽车很好。
(4)well只可用来形容人的“身体好”,但不能作定语,它也能用作副词作状语,多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如:
I'm very well, thanks.我身体很好,谢谢。My friends sing well.我的朋友们歌唱得好。
第三篇:现在进行时和过去进行时(时态复习二)
Yaju Education雅居教育,乐在其中!
一对一个性辅导
胡叶双
2013-3-23
课题:现在进行时和过去进行时
一.现在进行时
定义:表示说话时动作正在进行。现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”,动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。所谓“正在进行中”,是指在谈到这件事的时候,这个动作还在进行中。至于它是什么时候开始的,什么时候会停下来,不是我们关心的。所以“正在进行时”的事件,可能发生几年了,也可能只有几分钟。仍在进行中这是“正在进行时”的关键所在,它是一件持续进行的事情。
现在进行时的构成
现在进行时的构成是:主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式
第一人称单数 I+am+V-ing.第一人称复数We+are+V-ing.第二人称单(复)数 You+are+V-ing
第三人称单数 He(She,it)+is+V-ing
第三人称复数 They+are+V-ing
肯定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+现在分词
否定句:主语+be(is/am/are)+not+现在分词
一般疑问句:be(is/am/are)+主语+现在分词
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+相应be动词+主语+现在分词+Sth?
间接引语中改为过去进行时。现在分词变化规则
1.直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping)
2.去掉不发音的e+ing(例:bite-e+ing biting)
3.重读闭音节,中间只有一个元音字母,且末尾只有1个辅音字母,双写辅音字母+ing(例:sit-sitting)4.以ie结尾变ie为y+ing(例:die-dying lie-lying)现在进行时的基本用法:
A表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
例:We are waiting for you.B.习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
例:Mr.Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
C.已经确定或安排好的将来活动。
(雍华庭校区)地址:凤凰北路33号雅居乐雍华庭Y11座102
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一对一个性辅导
胡叶双
2013-3-23
We're flying to Paris tomorrow.(我们明天乘飞机去巴黎)时间状语
现在进行时的标志有很多,如: now,these days, this week, at this moment等等。或者告诉你一个准确的现在时间,或者用look, listen,Be quiet!/Don't talk,,提醒听者注意正在发生的事。例如:
Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。
Look at the picture.The children are flying kites in the park.We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。句型分析
1.一般疑问句是将be移到主语前面,句末加问号,读升调。
Are they putting up the scaffolding? Yes, they are./ No, they aren't.2.否定句式是在be动词后加not.He isn't runnig or the track.The students aren't playing football.特殊情况
1.有些动词从结构来看是现在进行时,但却是表示将要发生的事,而不表示动作现在正在进行。这些动词往往是一些表示位置移动变化的动词,如:go , come , leave , fly , move, start, begin , arrive, , stay, return等。
Next month my family is moving to Beijing.下个月,我家就要搬到北京去了。(搬的动作并非现在发生,而将在下个月发生。)
My aunt is leaving for Shanghai at eleven o'clock tomorrow morning.明天早上十一点我婶婶将离开去上海。
2.并不是所有动词都有进行时,一些动词一般在句中不能用现在进行时态,而应用一般现在时。这些动词往往是等表示情感状态、知觉认识、愿望或短暂性的动词。例如:see(明白),know, want, like, hear, have(有), think, hope, hate等。
3.在时间、条件状语从句中,有时可用现在进行时代替一般将来时。
When you are passing my way,please drop in.你什么时候路过我家,请进来坐。被动语态
现在进行时
She is teaching the boy a lesson.→ The boy is being taught a lesson.Now he is making the girl laugh.→ Now the girl is being made to laugh.与一般现在时区别
(雍华庭校区)地址:凤凰北路33号雅居乐雍华庭Y11座102
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胡叶双
2013-3-23
一般现在时表示经常性动作,现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作。例如: He is studying hard.他(此刻或现阶段)正在努力学习。
一般现在时表示现在发生的动作,现在进行时表示眼前看得见的动作。例如:
Boats pass under the bridge.船从桥下穿过。
The boat is passing under the bridge.船正从桥下穿过
一、写出下例动词的现在分词形式
1)give____ 2)use____ 3)move____ 4)skate____ 5)draw____ 6)tell____ 7)ring____ 8)wear____ 9)get____ 10)put____ 11)hit____ 12)stop____ 13)keep____ 14)hurt____ 15)know____ 16)lie____ 17)die____ 18)begin____ 19)forget____ 20)save____ 21)close____
二、用动词的正确时态填空
1)I________(talk).You________(listen)tO me now.2)Look,the boy__________(run)fas 3)----What are you doing?----I_________(do)my homework.4)----_______the students_______(read)English.----Yes,they are.5)Tom_______(not study)English.He is studying Chinese.6)----Who_______(sing)a song?----Li Ying is.7)The girl_______(not eat)bananas now.8)----Where____they____(stand)?----They are standing over there.9)Look!The boy over there_______(ply)a model plane.10)----What is Meimei doing now?----She______(watch)TV with her parents 11)He____(study)English very hard.12)We often____(buy)books and things like that in the shop.13)Polly____(not eat)a banana now.二.过去进行时
过去进行时(Past continous tense)表示过去某时正在进行的动作(不强调是否完成)。
结构1.过去进行时由“主语+was/were + 现在分词”构成
例如: We were having supper when the phone rang.我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。
2.否定式由“主语+was/were not +现在分词”构成
例如: This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV.He was repairing his(雍华庭校区)地址:凤凰北路33号雅居乐雍华庭Y11座102
电话: 020-36986380 ***(名门十八校区)地址:天贵路108号雅居乐名门十八2栋903
电话:020-86893713
*** Yaju Education雅居教育,乐在其中!
一对一个性辅导
胡叶双
2013-3-23
bike.昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车?
3.疑问式由“was/were + 主语+ 现在分词”构成
例如: Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?
4.特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+was/were+主语(I/you/he/she/they/we)+doing+其它
主要用法1.过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
如:He fell asleep when he was reading.他看书时睡着了。
2.用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。
如:I was wondering if you could give me a lift.我不知你能否让我搭一下车。
3.过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,也通常与 always,forever,等副词连用。
如:They were always quarrelling.他们老是吵架。
4.动词be的过去进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。
比较:He was friendly.他很友好。(指过去长期如此)
He was being friendly.他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)
补充:when 的后面加一般过去时,而且动词是不延续性动词。
while 的后面加过去进行时,动词是延续性动词。
常用的时间状语 this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while, at that time,.just now,a moment ago
It was raining when they left the station;
When I got to the top of the mountain ,the sun was shining.过去进行时与一般过去时
都强调过去发生的事 ,进行时强调过程,不一定完成
过去时强调事件,一定完成
p.s.:表示一个动作正在进行时,另一个动作发生了
如:He played when I was studying.过去进行时与一般过去时,两者都表示过去发生的动作,但过去进行时表示在过去某一特定的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示在过去时间完成的动作。例如:
I was typing a letter last night.昨晚我在打一封信.(可能没打完)
I typed some letters last night.我昨晚打了一些信.(已经打完)
1、一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成,而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或(雍华庭校区)地址:凤凰北路33号雅居乐雍华庭Y11座102
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2013-3-23
未完成。(延续性动词)
She wrote a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚给朋友写了封信。(信写完了)
She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。(信不一定写完)
2、一般过去时表示只做一次动作,而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。(短暂性动词)She waved to me.她朝我挥了挥手。
3、句中有a moment ago之类的短语一般用一般过去时。
4、句中有at this time last Sunday,from 8 to 9 yesterday 之类的状语一般用过去进行时。过去进行时可以用来代替一般过去时,表示更为偶然而非预定的动作:
I was talking to Tom the other day. 那天我跟汤姆聊天来着。
不用于进行时的动词
感官动词:hear, see, notice, feel, taste„„ 表示态度感情的动词:like, love, hate„„
表心理状态:feel, want, prefer„„ 表占有:own, have,„„ 表存在状态和持续:look, owe, be„„ 练习训练
练习:
一、用动词的适当形式填空。
1.While we __________(wait)for the bus, a girl __________(run)up to us.2.I __________(telephone)a friend when Bob __________(come)in.3.Jim __________(jump)on the bus as it __________(move)away.4.We __________(test)the new machine when the electricity __________(go)off.5.She __________(not want)to stay in bed while the others ________________(all, work)in the fields.6.While mother ________(put)Cathy to bed, the door bell ________(ring).7.As I __________(walk)in the park, it __________(begin)to rain.8.Even when she ___________(be)a child she _____ _____(already, think)of becoming a ballerina(芭蕾舞演员).9.It was quite late at night.George __________(read)and Amy __________(ply)her needle when they __________(hear)a knock at the door.10.There __________(be)a group round the fire when they __________(reach)it.An old woman __________(sit)on the ground near the kettle;two small children __________(lie)near her;a donkey __________(bend)his head over a tall girl.二、选择题。
1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.(雍华庭校区)地址:凤凰北路33号雅居乐雍华庭Y11座102
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一对一个性辅导
胡叶双
2013-3-23
A.cooked, were ringing B.was cooking, rang C.was cooking, were ringing D.cooked, rang 2.He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.A.tries B.tried C.was trying D.will try 3.While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.A.was watching, was hearing B.watched, was hearing C.watched, heard D.was watching, heard 4.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.A.were watching B.watch C.watched D.are watching 5.What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon? A.did, read, was seeing B.did, read, saw C.were, reading, saw D.were, reading, was seeing 6.It was Friday evening.Mr and Mrs.Green _____ ready to fly to England.A.are getting B.get C.were getting D.got 7.Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army.A.is, thinking, was B.was, thinking, is C.did, think, is D.was, thinking, was 8.A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me.A.saw, passed B.was seeing, passed C.was seeing, passed D.was seeing, was passing 9.We ____ for tom at ten last Sunday.He often kept us ______.A.were waiting, waiting B.were waiting, wait C.waited, waiting D.waited, wait 10.He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.A.helps B.would help C.was helping D.is helping 11.While mother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate.A.did, made B.was doing, made C.was doing, was making D.did, was making 12.“_______ you angry then?” “they ______ too much noise.”
A.are, were making B.were, were making C.are, made D.were, made 13.He ____ some cooking at that time, so _____ me A.did, heard B.did, didn’t hear C.was doing, heard D.was doing, didn’t hear
14.This time yesterday jack _____ his bike.He _____ TV A.repaired, didn’t watch B.was repairing, watched C.repaired, watched D.was repairing, wasn’t watching
15.His parents wanted to know how he _____ on with his new classmates.A.was getting B.gets C.is getting D.will gets(雍华庭校区)地址:凤凰北路33号雅居乐雍华庭Y11座102
电话: 020-36986380 ***(名门十八校区)地址:天贵路108号雅居乐名门十八2栋903
电话:020-86893713
*** Yaju Education雅居教育,乐在其中!
一对一个性辅导
胡叶双
2013-3-23
巩固练习
一、填空
1.Look!The boy over there(play)a model plane.2.When you(knock)at the door yesterday, I(do)some washing.3.I(telephone)a friend when Bob(come)in.4.----the students(read)English.----Yes, they are.5.Jane(wait)for me when I(arrive).6.Mike and I(play)basketball at that time yesterday afternoon.7.Tom(not study)English.He is studying Chinese.8.It was six.The Greens(have)supper.9.----What you(do)at ten o'clock yesterday?----I(studay)in class. 10.----Where they(stand)?----They are standing over there.11.It was quite late at night.George(read)and Amy(play)her needle when they(hear)a knock at the door.12.While she(watch)TV, her son(play)outside the room.13.----What is Meimei doing now?----She(watch)TV with her parents 14.What you(do)? 15.I(sing)an English song.16.We(test)the new machine when the electricity(go)off.17.We can’t help you, because we(have)classes.18.What are you(do)now? I(eat)bread.19.It’s nine o’clock.My father(work)in the office.20.When Harry(have)breakfast Lily(telephone)him.
二、选择
1.我在照看孩子.A.I am looking after the baby.B.I'm look aftering the baby.C.I look am aftering the baby.D.I looking after the baby.2.He_______ of how he can do more for the people.A.had always thought B.is always thinking
(雍华庭校区)地址:凤凰北路33号雅居乐雍华庭Y11座102
电话: 020-36986380 ***(名门十八校区)地址:天贵路108号雅居乐名门十八2栋903
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*** Yaju Education雅居教育,乐在其中!
一对一个性辅导
胡叶双
2013-3-23
C.has always been thought D.thinking always 3.The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.A.was traveling B.traveled C.had been traveling D.was to travel 4.Jack is_____with Jim.They are good____.A.running;friend;B.running;friends;C.runing;friends D.run;friend’s 5.When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone.A.was speaking B.spoke C.had been speaking D.had spoken 6.Look!Mary_______ doing homework.A.is;one’s B.is;her C.are;his D.are;her 7.The Greens____supper now.A.is having B.are;having C.is haveing D.are;having 8.My dictionary ___,I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.A.has lost, don’t find B.is missing, don’t find
C.has lost, haven’t found D.is missing, haven’t found.9.Having a computer for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly.A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change 10..Look!The twins_____their mother do the housework.A.are wanting B.help C.are helping D.are looking 11.I can’t catch up with the fashion, because the clothes style_______ all the time.A.has changed B.is changed C.is changing D.changed 12.Don’t make any noise while the students_______ to the class.A.are listening B.listened C.have listened D.had listened 13.My brother ___ while he _ __ his bicycle and hurt himself.A.fell, was riding B.fell, were riding C.had fallen, rode D.had fallen, was riding
14.The kite_______ high in the sky now.It looks like a big bird.A.has flown B.is flying C.was flying D.flew 15.As we all know, the population in the world _______ faster and faster.A.is grown B.is growing C.are grown D.are growing
三.用动词的适当形式填空。
(雍华庭校区)地址:凤凰北路33号雅居乐雍华庭Y11座102
电话: 020-36986380 ***(名门十八校区)地址:天贵路108号雅居乐名门十八2栋903
电话:020-86893713
*** Yaju Education雅居教育,乐在其中!
一对一个性辅导
胡叶双
2013-3-23
1.I _____(have)my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.2.Mary _____(go)over her lessons from six to seven last night.John and peter ____(do)the same thing.3.What _____ you ___(do)at that time? We _____(watch)TV.4.Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes, he was.He _____(listen)to the radio.5.They _____(not make)a model ship when I saw him.6._____ they ____(have)a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon? No, they _____.They _____(clean)the classroom.7.______ it ______(rain)when you left school? Yes, it ____.(No, it ____)8.What _____ your father _____(do)when he was your age? 9.One day, Edison _____(wait)for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(轨道)to play.10.He asked me if I ______(go)fishing that afternoon.11.The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _____(leave)in five minutes.12.In a letter, john told us that he _____(come)to china next month.13.When the bell rang, jenny _____(wait)in her seat.14.She _____(make)her dress the whole afternoon.15.While my father ____(look)through the evening paper, he suddenly ____ a cry.(雍华庭校区)地址:凤凰北路33号雅居乐雍华庭Y11座102
电话: 020-36986380 ***(名门十八校区)地址:天贵路108号雅居乐名门十八2栋903
电话:020-86893713
***
第四篇:小学英语时态(范文模版)
时态一、一般现在时
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,3.基本结构:动词 原形(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
6.例句:.It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words..时态
三、现在进行时
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, days, etc.look.listen
3.基本结构:be+doing
4.否定形式:be+not+doing.5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
第五篇:英语16种时态归纳
16种英语时态总结归纳
时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。
1.一般现在时
用法:
A)表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。
B)习惯用语。
C)经常性、习惯性动作。
例:He always helps others.(他总是帮助别人。)
D)客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。
E)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。)
How often does this shuttle bus run?(这班车多久一趟?)
F)在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事情。
例:When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了。)
2.现在进行时(be doing)
用法:现在正在进行的动作。
3.现在完成时(have done)
用法:
A)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
例:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A)didn't sell B)sold C)haven't sold D)would sell
答案是C)haven't sold。
B)表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for 加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。
例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A)are to challenge C)have been challenged
B)may be challenged D)are challenging
全句的意思是:“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作延续到今天,所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C)have been challenged。A)are to challenge和D)are challenging都是主动语态,不可能是答案。B)may be challenged虽然是被动语态,但意思与全句内容不合,所以不对。
C)表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿。)
注意事项
A)现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系。
例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了。)
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作。)
B)因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。
例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续)
My sister has married.Don't disturb her.(终端动词)
C)在“this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……”句型里要求用完成时。
例:This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。)
D)句型“It is/ has been……since”所使用的两种时态都正确。
例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。)
E)在“no sooner than”、“hardly/ scarcely ……when”、“before”、“prior to”等句型中,主句要求完成时。
例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授。)
4.现在完成进行时(have been doing)
用法:表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。
例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。)
注意事项:与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调:在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。
例:1997年6月四级第45 题
It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A)had leaked B)is leaking
C)leaked D)has been leaking
从本题上下文看,这两个句子的意思是:“看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前,并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此,空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D)has been leaking是现在完成进行时,因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B)is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time,表示谓语动作延续,谓语不能用现在进行时,必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C)leaked或A)had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时,所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。
5.一般过去时
用法:
A)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
B)表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时。
例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈。)
He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。)
C)有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。
例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?)
Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)
注意事项:
A)注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系,应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。
B)used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。
Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示“过去常常或过去曾经”,要求加动词原形;后者表示“习惯于”,要求加名词或动名词。
6.过去完成时(had done)
用法:表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的:表示“过去的过去的动作或状态”。
Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.A)didn't hear C)hasn't heard B)hasn't been hearing D)hadn't heard
全句的意思是:“到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出,谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成,因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中:A)didn't hear,因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B)hasn't been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作,与题意不符。C)hasn't heard,现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻,不能表示现在时间。
注意事项:“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来,而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。
例:There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.(刚才有人在我们的房间里,因为我们打开前门进来时,我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。)
分析:虽然时间状语是just now,似乎应该使用一般过去时,但是“在房间里”这个状态是在“开门”和“注意”这两个过去的动作之前就存在的,所以应该用过去完成时。
7.过去将来时(would/ should do)
用法:表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。
例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。)
注意事项:由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的,所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。
8.过去进行时(was/ were doing)
用法:
A)表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。
例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.(10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。)
B)如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,则另一个句子常用过去进行时。
例:I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.(你敲前门时我正在洗头发。)
注意事项:其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时。
9.一般将来时
用法:
A)基本结构是will / shall do。
例:We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.(我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。)
B)有些动词,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时。
例:My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.(我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到5月。)
C)表示“打算去……,要……”时,可用be going to do。
例:This is just what I am going to say.(这正是我想说的。)
D)表示“即将、正要”时,可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.(别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。)
E)“be to do”的5种用法:
a)表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你准会在实验室见到她。)
b)该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子们,你们必须上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。)
c)能或不能发生的事情(接近can, may)
例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢?)
d)不可避免将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情。
例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attended B.will be attended to
C.is attended D.is attended to
will be attended to关键的一点是:attend表示“处理,解决”时是不及物动词,必须与to连用。另外,从上下文看,事情显然尚未解决,所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。
e)用于条件从句“如果……想,设想”(接近if ……want to,或if ……should)
例:Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.A)is to be B)can be C)will be D)has been
答案是A)is to be。全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”
F)同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。
例:The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.(教练想要放弃这场比赛了,因为对方已经射进了7个球。)
例:1999年6月四级第65题
I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A)in B)to C)at D)on
答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定词组,意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是:“当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”
注意事项:
在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词(immediately, the moment, directly)等引导的状语从句,一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时,可用完成时。
例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了。)
10.将来进行时(will be doing)
用法:强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。
例:Don't worry, you won't miss her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。)
注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可参考“一般将来时”和“现在进行时”的有关注意事项。
11.将来完成时(will have done)
用法:表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。
例:1997年1月四级第22题
The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.A)must have lasted B)will have lasted
C)would last D)has lasted
本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是:“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻,因此要用将来完成时。答案是B)will have lasted。如果选A),因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测,而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended,所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性,但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以C)would last错误。因为D)has lasted是现在完成时,表示到现在为止已经完成的动作,不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以也不正确。
注意事项:由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的注意事项,可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。
12)将来完成进行时:shall have been doing,will have been doing
例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.(到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)(被动语态)
13)过去完成进行时:had been doing
例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.(我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。)(此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。)(被动语态)
14)过去将来进行时:should be doing , would be doing
例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间,所以最好用将来进行时。)(此句为被动语态)
15)过去将来完成时:should have done , would have done
例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我坚信到那年年底为止,那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。)(此句为被动语态)
16)过去将来完成进行时:should have been doing , would have been doing
例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.(他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。)