英语时态语态

第一篇：英语时态语态

英语时态语态、主谓一致练习

l.Last week two engineers_______ to help solve the technical problems of the project.A)have sent

B)were sent

C)sent

D)had sent 2.She was quite sure that she _____ the door before she left the office.A)will lock

B)would lock

C)has locked

D)had locked 3.Now the air pollution in this city _____ more and more serious with each passing day.A)to become

B)became

C)becoming

D)is becoming 4.Since the new technology was introduced last month, we________ in speeding up production.A)succeed

B)succeeded

C)have succeeded

D)will succeed 5.By the time you get to the office I _______ all the documents for the meeting.A)was preparing

B)prepared

C)had prepared

D)will have prepared 6.As he _______to submit the accounting report before 4:30 pm, the assistant hurried to Mr.Smith's office.A)was required

B)had required

C)requires

D)required 7.The team is going out to hold a party tomorrow after it______ the project.A)completes

B)completed

C)will complete

D)will have completed 8.By the end of next year, I ____ for the company for 10 years.A)work

B)am working

C)had worked

D)will have worked 9.According to the time table, the train for Beijing ______ at 9:10 p.m.from Monday to Friday.A)was leaving

B)is leaving

C)leaves

D has left 10.We don't have to hurry as the bus _____ for London at five in the evening.A)leaves

B)left

C)has been leaving

D)has left

第二篇：高考英语时态语态总结

十六种时态

1.一般现在时

用法：A)表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。B)习惯用语。

C)经常性、习惯性动作。例：He always helps others.（他总是帮助别人。）

D)客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。E)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等动词)可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。）How often does this shuttle bus run?（这班车多久一趟？）

F)在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事 情。

例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。）

2.现在进行时(be doing)用法：现在正在进行的动作。

3.现在完成时(have done)

用法：A)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。

例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A)didn't sell B)sold C)haven't sold D)would sell答案（C)

B)表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for 加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。

例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A)are to challengeB)may be challengedC)have been challengedD)are challenging全句意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词，在本句中应是被动语态；动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是

C)have been challenged。A)are to challenge和D)are challenging都是主动语态，不可能是答案。B)may be challenged虽是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，不对。C)表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。例：John has broken his left leg.约翰摔断了左腿。注意事项：A)现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。例：He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实，他现在已经不在那家医院了。）He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，现在仍在那家医院工作。）

B)因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。例：My sister has married.Don't disturb her.（终端动词）My sister has been married for 5 years.（过去分词做表语表示状态，可以延续）

C)在“this is the first/ second/ third„„ time that„„”句型里要求用完成时。

例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.（这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会。）

D)句型“It is/ has been„„since”所使用的两种时态都正确。

例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（从我上次见到他以来已经10年了。）

E)在“no sooner than”、“hardly/ scarcely „„when”、“before”、“prior to”等句型中，主句要求完成时。例：I haven't met that professor prior to today.（以前我从未见过那位教授。）

4.现在完成进行时(have been doing)

用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。

例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.（到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。）注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。

例：（1997年6月四级第45 题）It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take

the machine apart to put it right.A)had leakedB)is leakingC)leakedD)has been leaking

从本题上下文看，这两个句子的意思是：“看来，这个管道漏油已有一段时间了，我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障。”第二句表示将要采取的措施。第一句动作发生在第二句之前，并且延续到现在为止仍在继续。因此，空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。D)has been leaking是现在完成进行时，因此是本题的答案。有11%的考生误选了B)is leaking。由于本句有时间状语for some time，表示谓语动作延续，谓语不能用现在进行时，必须用和完成时有关的时态。有些考生误选了C)leaked或A)had leaked。是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时，所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时。

5.一般过去时

用法：A)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。

B)表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的 就是过去时。

例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。）

He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。）

C)有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。

例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借车用一用，可以吗？）

Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在这里吗？）

注意事项： A)注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。

B)used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都对。

Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示“过去常常或过去曾经”，要求加动词原形；后者表示“习惯于”，要求加名词或动名词。

6.过去完成时(had done)

用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示“过去的过去的动作或状态”。Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.A)didn't hear C)hasn't heard B)hasn't been hearing D)hadn't heard

全句的意思是：“到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。”由此可以看出，谓语动词的动作延续到过去的某一时刻才完成，因此谓语要用过去完成时。答案是D)。其它选项中：A)didn't hear，因为一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态，所以不能与时间状语for six months连用。B)hasn't been hearing，现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻继续到现在或现在还在进行的动作，与题意不符。C)hasn't heard，现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作。而题中的then只表示过去的某一时刻，不能表示现在时间。注意事项：“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来，而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。

例：There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.（刚才有人在我们的房间里，因为我们打开前门进来时，我注意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香烟。）分析：虽然时间状语是just now，似乎应该使用一般过去时，但是“在房间里”这个状态是在“开门”和“注意”这两个过去的动作之前就存在的，所以应该用过去完成时。

7.过去将来时(would/ should do)

用法：表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。

例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.（我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。）事项：由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的，所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。

8.过去进行时(was/ were doing)

用法：A)表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。

例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.（10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。）

B)如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。例：I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.（你敲前门时我正在洗头发。）注意事项：其它与将来时有关的事项请参见下面所讲的一般将来时。

9.一般将来时

用法：A)基本结构是will / shall do。例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。）

B)有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。

例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。）

C)表示“打算去„„，要„„”时，可用be going to do。

例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说的。）

D)表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。

例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查E)“be to do”的5种用法：

a)表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。

例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实验室见到她。）

b)该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids.Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）

c)能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may）

例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一笔债呢？）

d)不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。

例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible.Have a little patience.A.will be attendedB.will be attended toC.is attendedD.is attended to

will be attended to关键的一点是：attend表示“处理，解决”时是不及物动词，必须与to连用。另外，从上下文看，事情显然尚未解决，所以应该用将来时的被动语态。答案是B。

e)用于条件从句“如果„„想，设想”（接近if „„want to,或if „„should）

例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided.A)is to beB)can beC)will beD)has been

答案是A)is to be。全句的意思是：“如果要避免食品短缺，就必须作出更大努力来增加农业产量。”F)同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。

例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.（教练想要放弃这场比赛了，因为对方已经射进了7个球。）

例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.（我希望到明年你回来的时候，他的身体已经好多了。）

10.将来进行时(will be doing)

用法：强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。

例：Don't worry, you won't miss her.She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.（别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。）

注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可参考“一般将来时”和“现在进行时”的有关注意事项。

11.将来完成时(will have done)

用法：表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是发生在某个将来时间，但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关，变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。

本题考核谓语动词的时态。全句的意思是：“会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。”句中by the time it ends表示动作要延续到将来某一时刻，因此要用将来完成时。答案是B)will have lasted。如果选A)，因为情态动词must后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种肯定推测，而本句的时间状语是by the time it ends而非by the time it ended，所以犯了时态不呼应的错误。Would虽可以表示推测或可能性，但would last不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作，所以C)would last错误。因为D)has lasted是现在完成时，表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，不能表示延续到将来某一时刻的动作，所以也不正确。

注意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的，所以关于本时态的注意事项，可以参考“一般将来时”和“现在完成时”的有关注意事项。

12)将来完成进行时：（shall have been doing，will have been doing）

例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.（到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。）（被动语态）

13)过去完成进行时：（had been doing）

例：The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.（我回到家之前，我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。）（此处强调“拆卸”和“组装”这两个过去的过去的动作一直在反复进行。）（被动语态）

14)过去将来进行时：（should be doing , would be doing）

例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.（政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。）（此句的时间状语是具体的将来时间，所以最好用将来进行时。）（被动语态）

15)过去将来完成时：（should have done , would have done）

例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.（我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。）（此句为被动语态）

16)过去将来完成进行时：（should have been doing , would have been doing）

例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.（他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。）

高中英语被动语态总结

一、被动语态的构成形式

1.被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1)am/is/are +done(过去分词)一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2）has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3）am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here．

4）was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5）had been done 过去完成时 例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6）was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there.7）shall/will be done 一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8）should/would be done 过去将来时 例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）

2.被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter

2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3.非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。

第三篇：7.15时态语态练习

时态和语态练习7.15

1.He always______ with the windows open.他总是开着窗子睡觉。

2.The sun ______in the east.太阳从东方升起。

3.The volleyball match _______put off if it rains.如果下雨，排球赛将推迟

4.The train _____at 10 o' clock in the morning.火车在上午10点发车

5.When I was in the countryside, I often _______my old friends there.我在乡村里，经常去拜访那里的朋友。

6.They said they _________us know if they heard any news about him.他们说如果听到什么关于他的消息，就通知我们。

7.They are going to_______ outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面。

8.He _______in the exam;he knew he was going to when he looked at the test paper.他没考及格，他一看试卷就知道考不及格。

9.You are to________ your papers by 10 o'clock.到10点你得交上试卷。

10.I'm __________Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。

11.The plane________ at 8 o'clock in the morning.飞机上午8点起飞。

12.When does the show________?展览什么时候开始？

13.He is constantly________ his things about.他时常乱丢东西。（表责怪）

14.She is always _________her clothes.她老是换衣服。（表责怪）

15.When I entered the room, she ___________at her desk.我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。

16.The students __________while the teacher was grading their homework.学生们在看书，而老师在批改他们的家庭作业。

17.It was a dark night.The wind was blowing hard and the rain _________heavily.A young woman suddenly ________on the river bank.一个漆黑的夜晚，狂风大作，大雨倾盆，一位年轻的妇女突然出现在河岸上。

18.She ________me whether he was starting the next day.她问我他是否第二天就走

19.He was always _________new ideas.他总是试验一些新的设想

20.I have already_________ the photos.我已经把照片寄出了

21.They ___________in Beijing since 2002.他们自从2002年以来就住在北京。

22.He will be back before I___________ my work.我完成工作之前他会回来的。

23.It'll be the first time I've _________in public.这将是我第一次当众讲话。

24.This is the most interesting novel he_______________.这是他写得最好的一部小说。

25.I have________ him before.我以前曾见过他。

26.He has _____ to the Great Wall.他到过长城。(现在他已不在长城)

27.He has_______to the Great Wall.他去长城了。(现在他不在此地)

28.When we got to the cinema, the film _______________.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。

29.My friend told me that he_______________the exam.我的朋友告诉我，他已通过了考试。

30.This was the first time they __________ in thirty-nine years.这是39年里他们第一次见面。

31.I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I ____ an unexpected visitor.我本来昨天打算要去看你，但我来了个不速之客。

32.She hardly _________ to bed when the bell rang.他刚睡下铃就响了。

33.No sooner _____________the building than a bomb exploded.他们刚刚离开大楼，一颗炸弹就爆炸了。

34.I_________ they would come to help me.我认为他们会来帮我的。

35.He said he________________ us at the bus stop.他说他要在车站等我们。

时态和语态练习7.15

36.He would come to see us on Sundays.过去星期天他经常来看望我们。

二、动词的语态

37.This jacket is______of cotton.这件上衣是棉料的。

38.Visitors are_______not to touch the exhibits.要求参观者不可触摸展品。

39.You are _______ to be active recently.据说你最近很活跃。

40.They made him go there alone.他们让他自己去那里。

→He ____________ to go there alone.他被迫自己去那里。

第四篇：高考英语系列讲座(七)时态语态

高中英语系列讲座

（七）动词时态练习

1.Here ______ the bus!

A.is comingB.comesA.had seenB.see

C.has comeC.saw

D.has been coming D.have seen2.It’s the third time I ______ him this month.3.If you go to the western suburbs of the city, you ______ a lot of new buildings.A.will see

B.have seen

C.see

4.—I have bought an English-Chinese dictionary.— When and where ______ you ______ it?A.do buy

B.did buy

C.have bought5.She showed him the photo she ______ the day before.A.has takenB.tookC.was taking6.While Tom ______, his sister is writing.A.reads

B.has read

C.has been reading7.By the time he was ten, Edison ______ experiments in chemistry.A.had already doneB.already had doneC.was already doing8.I don’t know if it ______ or not tomorrow.A.will snowB.snowsC.has snowed9.He was sixty-eight.In two years he ______ seventy.A.was going to beB.would be

C.had been

10.Tom ______ for more than a week.A.has leftB.has gone awayC.went away11.He said that honesty ______ the key to success.A.was

B.will be

C.is12.She ______ in London till next Monday.A.will have stayedB.has stayedC.is staying

13.We ______ each other since I left Shanghai.A.haven’t seenB.hadn’t seenC.didn’t see

14.I’ll return the book to the libraryas soon as I ______ it.A.will finishB.am going to finishC.finished

15.She has bought some cloth;she ______ herself a dress.A.makesB.is going to makeC.would make16.Don’t go and bother him.He ______ in the room.A.writesB.has writtenC.is writing

17.______ you ______?

A.Do;marry

B.Have;married

C.Have;been married18.— This is a terribly heavy box.—I ______ you to carry it.A.will helpB.am going to helpC.had better to help19.She told me that her father ______ to the post office when I arrived A.just wentB.has just goneC.had just gone20.Don’t get off until the bus ______.A.stopped

B.will stop

C.will have stopped

D.are going to see

D.had bought D.had taken D.is readingD.already didD.is snowing D.will beD.has been awayD.is being D.has been staying D.wouldn’t seeD.have finishedD.has madeD.has been writing

D.Are;married

D.had rather help D.had just been going D.stops

21.Peter said that he ______ home the next day.A.was going toA.lives

B.will goB.lived

C.would goC.had livedC.was wantingC.are leaving

D.had gone D.has lived D.want D.leave

D.had been comingD.standsD.have beenD.had D.Have;seen D.rains D.would;listen D.have been thinkingD.have finished D.do;beginD.had been D.went

22.He ______ with us since he returned last month.23.They ______ to help but could not get here in time.A.had wantedA.will leaveA.cameA.stand

B.have wanted

24.They will go to work in the countryside when they ______ school next year.B.will have leaveB.were coming

25.I didn’t know when they ______ again.C.had comeC.have stoodC.have come

26.The fence ______ near the window.B.is standing

27.They ______ here for more than a month.A.have arrivedB.have reachedA.had hadA.Had;metA.is to rain

B.would haveB.Did;see

28.We ______ a meeting from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon.C.were havingC.Would;meetC.will rain

29.She told us she had met you in London last year.______ you ______ her since ? 30.If it ______ tomorrow, we won’t go to the school farm.B.will be raining

31.______ you ______ to the 6:30 broadcast?A.Have;listenedB.Did;listen32.I ______ Tom has made a mistake.A.am thinkingB.shall think33.I ______ writing the article now.A.finish

B.is finishing

C.finished

34.When ______ you ______ to study English?A.have;begunB.did;beginA.has beenA.will go

B.has got

C.had;begunC.had fallen

35.He was taken into hospital last week.In fact he ______ ill for three months.36.I’ll look after your children after you ______.B.will have goneC.are gone

37.He ______ of how he could do more for the people.A.will always thinkB.is always thinkingC.has always thoughtD.does always think38.The foreign friends ______ here just now.A.left

B.have left

C.have been away fromD.had leftC.were going to study

D.should have studied

39.The teacher said that we ______ ten lessons by the end of this term.A.should studyB.have studied40.We ______ there when it ______ to rain.A.were getting;would beginC.had got;had begun

B.were about to get;began D.would get;began C.was writingC.had been

C.Had;listenedC.think

41.Han’s Christian Anderson ______ a lot of fairy tales.A.had writtenB.wroteA.was

D.has writtenD.will be

42.It ______ ten years since he left Shanghai.B.is

43.We ______ about two thousand English words by the end of last term.A.learnedA.have;plantedA.isn’t

B.have learnedB.do;plant

C.had learnedC.did;plant

D.would learnD.had;planted

D.won’t be

44.Since when ______ you ______ so many young trees?45.It ______ long before we celebrate the New Year’s Day.B.hasn’t beenC.wasn’tB.have beenB.had walked

46.—Where have you been? —I ______ to the railway station.A.have goneA.walkedA.is knowing

C.went

D.am goingD.would walk D.had been knowingD.wasn’t studying D.starts

47.I ______ along the road when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.C.was walkingC.knows

48.My brother ______ Tom quite well.They were introduced to each other at a Party.B.was knowing

49.I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I ______ them.A.wouldn’t studyB.haven’t studiedA.is starting

B.has started

C.hadn’t studiedC.would start

50.Don’t be late, Mary, the train ______ at 8 a.m.讲座

（七）动词时态

1—5: BDABD6-10:DAABD

11-15CCADB

16-20:CDACD21-25:CDADB 41-45:BBCAD46-50:BCCCD

26-30:DDCDD31-35:BCDBD36-40:CBADB

第五篇：高三英语复习教学案语法时态和语态

曹州一中高三英语复习教学案

（五）专题五 动词时态和语态

一动词时态概述及基本用法

一、时态中的一般体 【精华知识巨献】

1一般体中的一般现在时、一般过去时分别表示现在、过去的经常性、习惯性动作或表示现在、过去的状态。所谓一般体表示不“进行”。It was Bob that broke the window(完成)。

We have meals three times a day.我们一日三餐。（现在的习惯）He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于助人。（现在的状态）When I was a boy,I often went to play in that park.在我小时候，常去那个公园玩。（过去的习惯）2一般现在时还可表示客观真理、科学事实。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。

3一般现在时还可用在if,unless,even if引导的条件状语从句，由when,before,until(till),as soon as,the moment,once引导的时间状语从句，由no matter what/who/which/when/where/how或whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however引导的让步状语从句中，这时主句往往表将来（出现will/shall/can/must）或主句是祈使句。I'll go with you as soon as I finish my work.我一完成作业就跟你去。—Can I join your club,Dad?

我可以参加你的俱乐部吗？爸爸？ —You can when you get a bit older.当你长大点时你可以参加。

If city noises are not kept from increasing,people will have to shout to be heared even at the dinner table 20 years from now.如果城市的噪音不得以控制而上升的话，从现在算起，20年后人们在餐桌上吃饭时为了让对方听到自己也将不得不大声地喊。Whatever you say,I will not change my mind.不论你说什么，我都不会改变我的想法。

4语境中的一般过去时往往表示“刚才，刚刚”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。—Come in,Peter.I want to show you something.彼特，过来。我想给你件东西。

—Oh,how nice of you!I never thought you were going to bring me a gift.哦，你真好！我没想到你会给我带来一件礼物。Your phone number again?I didn't quite catch it.再说一遍你的电话号码好吗？我没有听清楚。5一般将来时的用法

（1）“will/shall+动词原形”表示从现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；事

物的固有属性或必然趋势。

Tom will come back next week.汤姆将在下周回来。

Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。

（2）“be going to+动词原形”多用在口语中，表示“计划、打算、即将做某事”，此外，be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。

He is going to speak on TV this evening.他计划今晚到电视台讲话。Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.看这乌云，要下雨了。

（3）“be about to+动词原形”表示立即的将来（immediate future）,因此，该句型不与具体的时间状语连用，但可与when引导的时间状语从句连用。

The train is about to start.火车就要开了。

（4）有些动词如come,go,stay,arrive,leave,begin,start等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划、安排将来要发生的动作或状态。

He comes here tonight.他打算今晚来这儿。

I arrive in Beijing at 3:00 p.m.Tomorrow.我明天下午3点到北京。

What are you doing next week?下周你打算做什么？（5）be to+动词原形

①表示按计划或安排要做的事。

When are you to leave for New York？你什么时候去纽约？ She is to get married next month.她下个月结婚。

这种结构也可用于过去。was/were to do sth.表示曾经计划做某事，但不表明计划是否被执行，或表示命运（即命中注定要发生的事）；was/were to have done sth.表示未曾实现的计划。

I felt excited because I was soon to leave home for the first time.我感到很激动，因为我很快就要首次离开家了。We were to have told you,but you were not in.我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。

②表示“指令”，相当于should,ought to,must,have to。What is to be done？应该怎么办呢？

This medicine is to be taken three times a day.这种药一天要服三次。The books in this room are not to be taken outside.（=The books in this room mustnt be taken outside.）这个房间里的书籍不得带出室外。

③表示“想，打算”，相当于intend,want。

If we are to be there before ten,well have to go now.如果我们想在十点前到，我们现在就得走。④用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。Am I to go on with the work?要我继续这项工作吗？ What are we to do next？我们下一步该怎么办？

⑤在与be to连用的结构中，see,find,congratulate的不定式的被动式有特殊的用法。The news is to be found in the evening paper.这条消息可以在晚报上见到。

He is nowhere to be seen.在哪里也见不到他。You are to be congratulated.应该向您表示祝贺。

二时态中的进行体

【精华知识巨献】

1一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我弟弟骑自行车时从车子上摔了下来，伤了自己。

The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office.同学们在忙着写作，这时布朗老师去取她忘在办公室的书。Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.当没人注意的时候，汤姆溜进了那所房子。2表示动作的未完性、暂时性。

—Have you moved into the new house？

你搬进新房了吗？

—Not yet.The rooms are being painted.还没呢，房子还正在粉刷呢。（未完性）I dont really work here;I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我不是在此工作，我只是在帮忙，新秘书来了我就走。（暂时性）

Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.选手机供个人使用不是一件容易事因为技术变化太快。（“变化”尚未完成）

3表示按计划、安排要做的事。

Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida.I am taking my mum.我获得了一次去佛罗里达度两天假的机会。我计划带着我妈妈去。（计划）4表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况

I first met Lisa 3 years ago.She was working at a radio shop at that time.三年前我第一次见到莉萨，当时她正在一家卖收音机的商店工作。—Is this raincoat yours?这是你的雨衣吗？ —No,mine is hanging there behind the door.不是，我的在门后挂着呢。

5表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always,continually,constantly连用

He is always thinking of others first.他总是先想到他人。

He is always making the same mistake.他总是犯同一个错误。

三时态中的完成体

【精华知识巨献】

一、现在完成时

1一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在（也许还将持续下去）。表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有：

lately,recently,so far,for two years,since last year,in the last/past few years,since then.up to now等。

I have lived here since I was born.我从出生一直住在这里。

I have known him since then.我从那时就认识他了。

2一个发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。常用状语有already,just(刚刚)，yet,never,before等。He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.)

他已经关掉了灯。The concert has started.(=The concert is on now.)

会议已经开始了。

I have already seen the film.(=I know the film now.)

我已经看过这部电影了。3This/It is the first/second...time+that从句。that从句谓语要用现在完成时。This is the first time I have come here.这是我第一次来这里。4在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.只有我亲眼看到，我才会相信你的话。（强调“看完”）I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.我干完了工作就和你一起去。（强调“干完”）

二、过去完成时

1一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它（即表“过去的过去”），那么发生在前的事情的动词须用过去完成时。这时时间状语可用before等介词 短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可通过上下文来表示。

She had learned some English before she came to the institute.她在来学院前已学过一些英语。

He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.他说他在国外待了3年了。2表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语有：by then,by that time,until,by the end of,before 2000,by the time+句子等。

By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那时，他已学了3年英语了。

Until then he had known nothing about it.到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。3Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had...done...when...;No sooner had...done...than...,when和than从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”。

Hardly(No sooner)had I got home when(than)the rain poured down.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。

Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre.我们才刚刚开动，汽车的轮胎就漏气了。

4It was/had been+一段时间+since从句。since从句中谓语动词用过去完成时。

It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们十年没这么高兴了。

5That/It was the first/second...time+that从句。that从句谓语要用过去完成时。

It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。

That was the first time that I had passed the exam.那是我第一次考试及格。

6表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。

I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。（但未能如愿）

I had meant to help you,but I was too busy at the moment.我本想帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。

I had thought you would come tomorrow.我原以为你明天才来呢。

三、将来完成时

将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为：by+将来的某个时间。

By this time of next year,all of you will have become college students.到明年的这个时候，你们大家就都成了大学生了。

四时态中的完成进行体 【精华知识巨献】

现在完成进行时的用法：

现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，并持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。完成进行体是完成体和进行体的组合，因此，它具备完成体和进行体的一些因素，如：它具备进行体的“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩等”的特点。

He has been learning English for 6 years.他学习英语有6年了。（从过去某一时间开始学英语，强调到现在还在学）

It has been raining for 3 days.雨已经下了3天了。（强调说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩）

五

主动与被动

【精华知识巨献】

一、被动语态

（一）被动语态的构成

英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标志的，而被动语态则是有标志的。被动语态由助动词be加动词的过去分词构成。助动词 be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表：

时 体

〖〗现在is/am/are done 〖〗过去was/were done 〖〗将来will/shall be done〖〗would/should be done 〖〗进行is/am/are being done〖〗was/were being done 〖〗完成〖〗have/has been done〖〗had been done 〖〗将来完成(will/shall have been done)〖〗(would/should have been done)

（二）被动语态的用法

1不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。如：

—George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding？

—No,I hadnt been invited.Did they have a big wedding?

—The window is dirty.—I know.It hasnt been cleaned for weeks.2需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。如：

All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.3在文章标题、广告、新闻中。如：

Girls wanted.招女工。

Millions of pounds worth of damage has been caused by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.4当动作的执行者不是人时。如：

The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.（三）注意短语动词含有情态动词的被动语态

That old man was often laughed at.那位老人常受人嘲笑。

The plan will be given up.那计划就要被放弃了。

Bad habits have been done away with.坏习惯已经改掉了。

（在短语动词的被动结构中，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词）

He must be prevented from going.必须阻止他去。

The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.计划必须尽早执行。

（含有情态动词的被动语态的谓语结构是：情态动词+be+过去分词）

（四）get+过去分词可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化

She got married last week.她上周结婚了。

The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。

He fell off the car and got killed.他从车上掉下来，摔死了。

二、主动形式表被动意义

系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become，fall,get,grow,keep+形容词/名词构成系表结构。如：

The steel feels cold.His plan proved(to be)practical.It has gone bad.（二）表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如：begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等。如：

Work began at 7 oclock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.（三）表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如： read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook，lock,shut,dry,eat,drink。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。如：

This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。

Nylon cleans easily.尼龙容易洗干净。

Food can keep fresh in a fridge.食物在冰箱里能保鲜。

Your speech reads well.你的演说讲得很好。

This material has worn thin.这个材料已经磨薄了。

The match wont catch.火柴擦不着。

The plan worked out wonderfully.这计划制定得很好。

The engine wont start.引擎发动不起来。

（四）少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义，如：print,cook,fry,hang,build,make。如：

The books are printing.这本书正在排印中。

The meat is cooking.肉在煮。

（五）介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义 表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之意，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。常见的有：under control(受控制),under treatment（在治疗中），under repair(在修理中)，under discussion（在讨论中），under construction(在施工中)，beyond belief(令人难以置信),beyond ones reach(鞭长莫及)，beyond ones control(无法控制),beyond our hope（我们始料不及），for sale(出售)，for rent(出租)，in print（在印刷中）,in sight(在视野范围内)，on sale(出售)，on show(展出)，on trial(受审)，out of control（失控），out of sight（超出视线之外），out of ones reach（够不着），out of fashion（不流行）。如： The rumor is beyond belief(=cant be believed).His honest character is above all praise.（=His honest character cannot be praised enough.）

Today some treasures are on show(=are being shown)in the museum.（六）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,wish,cost,agree

with,arrive at/in,shake hands with,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,belong to等。如：

This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.六

疑难、易错点

【精华知识巨献】

一、动词时态易混点

1一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别

（1）一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连。它所表示的事情纯属过去，与现在情况没有联系。现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的以前的过去某个或某段时间。它所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。

（2）比较下面几组句子，体会两种时态的不同：

He served in the army from 1952 to 1954.(这是过去的一件事)He has served in the army for 5 years.（现在他仍在军中服役，他仍是军人）

He wrote many plays when he was at college.（写剧本是他过去做的事情）

He has written many plays.（这意味着他是剧作家）

I saw Hero last year.（看《英雄》的时间是去年，与现在无关）

I have seen Hero before.（强调现在知道这部电影的内容。以前看过，但“以前”是表示一个与现在有联系的过去时间，而不是一个确定的与现在无关的过去时间）

2一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别

（1）一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的，过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而 言。两种时态建立的时间参照点不同，对过去完成时来说，这个时间参照点十分重要，它是过去完成概念以建立的基础，也是和一般过去时相区别的重要标准。

（2）过去完成时的时间状语常用by和before引导的短语表示，如：by that time,by

the end of,before 2000,by the time+句子等。3过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别

（1）两种时态都常与表示一段时间的状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作（句中有表示过去特定时间的状语）。（2）比较下面的说法

She had been ill for a week before she came back.（回来发生在过去某一时间，生病发生在过去的过去）

She has been ill for a week.(现在仍然病着)4现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别

现在完成进行时可以与时间状语连用，也可以不用时间状语。这一点与现在完成时不同。现在完成时通常与时间状语，如:since,ever since,for three months,just,already,yet等连用。现在完成进行时通常与all the(this)morning/afternoon/day/month或the whole day等连用。试对比以下各例：

I have been working on the experiment report this morning,but I havent

completed it yet.我今天一上午都在写实验报告，可是到现在也没写完。

They have been repairing the broken road.他们一直在维修那条被损坏的道路。（可能是刚歇息下来，也可能还在修）

They have already repaired the broken road.他们把路修完了。（动作已经结束）

现在完成进行时表示一种不间断的持续性行为。如果表示一个重复动作，或者表示动作做过的次数时，不能用现在完成进行时。如：

Ive been writing letters since breakfast.Ive written to him three times,but I havent heard from him up till now.二、固定句式易混点

1This/It is the first/second...time+that从句。that从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的is改为was,则that从句用过去完成时。如：

This is the first time I have come here.It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.2It is/has been+一段时间+since从句。since从句中一般用过去时，如果将前边的is改为was,则since从句中用过去完成时。如：

It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.3be about to do...when...意为“即将……（这时）突然……”。如：

I was about to go out when the telephone rang.4be(was/were)+doing...when...意为“正在干……（这时）突然……”。如：

They were reading when Tom shouted in pain.5Hardly had...done...when...；No sooner had...done...than...when和than从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚……就……”。如：

Hardly(No sooner)had I got home when(than)the rain poured down.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下了。6It+be+一段时间+before从句

这个句式分两种情况：如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。如：

It wont be long before he succeeds.（=He will succeed soon.）

三、would与used to用法异同点

1would与used to都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常常可以换用。如：When we were boys we used to/would go swimming every summer.小时候，每到夏天我们都要去游泳。

He used to/would spend every penny he earned on books.过去，他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书上。

2would之后要接表示动作的动词，不接表示认识或状态的动词，而used to则无此限制。如：I used to like football when I was at middle school.我上中学的时候，喜欢足球。

He used to be nervous in the exam.他过去在考试中常常紧张。3would表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性，就不能用would,只能用used to。如：

And from that day on,as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were gone,mother would disappear into her sewing room to practice.从那天起，只要碗盘撤掉、饭桌清理干净，妈妈就马上躲进做针线活的房间练习起来。（具有反复性）

I used to live in Beijing.我过去住在北京。（没有反复性）

4used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，现在已经结束（含有较强的“今非昔比”的意思），would则只表示说话者对过去的一种回想心情，有可能再发生。如：

People used to believe that the earth was flat.过去，人们总以为地球是平的。（现在已不再这样认为）He would go to the park as soon as he was free.过去，他一有空就去公园。（现在有可能再去）