英语时态小结

第一篇：英语时态小结

Tenses 时态

1, present simple 一般现在时

A, structure 结构: V---动词原形Vs---第三人称单数

B, use

a, a fact that is always true or that is true for a long time

eg.I come from China.She works for a big company.b, a habit: every, often, usually, always, sometimes, never…

eg.My father always goes to work by car.C, negative: don’t / doesn’t + V

D, questions: Do / Does + 主语+ V

2, present continuous

A, structure: am/is/are+ V-ing

B, use

a, sth.in progress now: now, at the moment, today

eg.We are having an English class now.b, a future arrangement: this evening, tonight, tomorrow, next…

eg.She is playing tennis with her friends this afternoon.C, negative: be + not

D, question: be 提到主语之前

3, present perfect

A, structure: have / has + p.p

B, use

a, an experience in life: ever, never, all one’s life

eg.Have you ever been abroad?

b, a past action continues to now: for, since, recently, so far, for the past two weeks…how long

eg.I have worked in this company since I graduated from university.c, a past action with a result now: just, already, yet

eg.She has already done the washing up.C, negative: have / has + not

D, question: Have / Has 提前

※no definite time in this tense现在完成时没有确定的时间

4, present perfect continuous

A, structure: have / has + been + V-ing

B, use

a, a past action continues to now

eg.I have been waiting for you for ages！

b, a past action with a result now

eg.My back aches because I have been working in the garden all day.I’m hot because I have been running.My eyes are red because I have been reading all day.I’m wet because I have been washing my dog.C, negative: have/has + not

D, question: have/has提前

E, the differences between the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous

a, to emphasize the result, we use the present perfect simple强调结果，用一般的现在完成时。

to emphasize the activity, we use the present perfect continuous强调动作，用现在完成进行时。

b, the results are different: for the direct results of the activity, we use the simple, for the indirect ones, we use the continuous form.对动作造成的直接结果，用一般的现在完成时，对间接结果，用现在完成进行时。

eg.I have repaired the car.(the result here: the car is ok now)

I have been repairing the car.(the result here: my hands are dirty now/ I’m tired now)

c, some words have an idea for a short time: lose, stop…we use the simple eg.I’ve lost my purse.some words have an idea for a long time: work, learn…we use the continuous eg.I’ve been working here for 3 years.d, some state verbs can’t be used in the continuous form, so we use the simple one.状态词不能用在进行时里。

e, if there are numbers and quantity, we use the simple form.如果有数字和数量，用一般的现在完成时。

eg.I have written three letters this morning.I have been writing the letter this morning.补充：state verbs

a, verbs of thinking and opinions

think(认为)，know, understand, believe, mean, remember, forget

b, verbs of emotions and feelings

like, love, hate, want, hope, wish

c, verbs of having and being

have(有)，belong, own, cost, need, depend on

d, verbs of the senses

look看起来, hear听起来, taste尝起来, smell闻起来, feel摸起来

※ 有标注中文意思的这些词，只有在这些意思的时候，才是状态词，没有进行时，意思改变的时候是可以的。

eg.I am thinking of changing my job.考虑

We were having dinner when someone called.吃

She is tasting the soup.品尝

5, past simple

A, structure: V-ed 动词用过去时，有的是不规则变化。

B, use

a, a past action.eg.I went camping with colleagues last weekend.C, negative: didn’t + V

D, question: Did + 主语+ V

E, the differences between the past simple and the present perfect

a, if there is a definite past time, we can’t use the present perfect: yesterday, last night, last Monday…in 1999, when I was a little child…有确切的过去时间，不能用现在完成时。

eg.I met my husband when I was in the university.6, past continuous

A, structure: was / were + V-ing

B, use

a, an action that was in progress at a certain time in the past: this time yesterday, at 8:00 last night…

eg.I was doing my revision this time yesterday.b,a past simple interrupted a past continuous一般过去时打断过去进行时: when, while, as

eg.I was shopping when I lost my mobile.c, to describe a scene in a story 描述故事的场景

eg.It was Sunday.The sun was shining and the birds were singing.C, negative: was/were + not

D, question:: was/were 提前

7, past perfect

A, structure: had + p.p

B, use

a, a past action happened before a past action 过去的过去

eg.When I got to the station, the train had already gone.※ 在时间状语从句中，特别是when, while, as引导的从句中，肯定是有两个动作，时态要这样用：

如果两个动作是一个借一个发生的，两个都用一般过去时：

eg.When I got home, she cooked dinner.我到家之后，她去做饭。

如果两个动作同时发生，短的动作打断长的动作，短的用一般过去时，长的用过去进行时：

eg.When I got home, she was cooking dinner, 当我到家的时候，她正在做饭。如果两个动作，一个是过去发生的，另外一个在这个过去时间的过去发生，那么第一个用一般过去时，第二个用过去进行时：

eg.When I got home, she had cooked dinner.8, future tenses

Struture1: will + V

Use: a, express an intention, decision, offer made at the moment of speaking.eg.-----I have a letter to post.-----well, I’m going to the post office, so I will post it for you.b, a prediction based on personal opinion, often with “I think…will/ I don’t think…will”

eg.-------Where are you going on holiday this year?

c, a future fact.Eg.Those followers won’t grow under the tree.You will be ill if you eat all those sweets!

-------I don’t know.Maybe I will visit my grandmother.Structure2: am/is/are + V-ing

Use: a future arrangement made before speaking

Structure3: be going to + V

Use: a, a future plan, intension made before speaking

b, a prediction based on fact and evidence

eg.Look at the clouds!It’s going to rain.My aunt is going to have a baby this summer.

第二篇：《小学英语时态小结》

《小学英语时态小结》

一：现在进行时：

1、概念：用在叙述某人正在做某事的时候。（某动作正在进行）

其结构是“be动词 + 动词ing”,句中可能会有look，listen，now或一个相当具体的时间。

2、时间状语：now, at this time

3、基本结构：am/is/are+doing

4、否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing

5、一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首

6、动词加“ing”（现在分词）的变化规则： 1）、接在动词后面加“ing”

2）、“元音+辅音+e”结尾的单词把e去掉再加ing。

3）、重读闭音节双写最后字母再加ing，单词有：run—running、swim—swimming、put—putting、get—getting、shop—shopping

7、例句

1.)What is Mary doing?

She’s shopping.2.)Is Betty swimming now?

No, she isn’t.She’s running.3.)It’s seven thirty in the evening.We’re having dinner at home.二：一般现在时：

1、概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。用来叙述经常性发生的事情、习惯和爱好等。

2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week(day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays，3.基本结构：①动词 原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S）

②be+形容词

4.否定形式： ①此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词;②am/is/are+not。

5.一般疑问句：①用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。②把be动词放于句首；

6、如果叙述的人或事物是第三人称单数行为动词要加上s或es，其变化规则和名词的复数形式变化规则一样。1.)John likes going hiking.2.)Mary often gets up at seven o’clock.3.)Mr.Li cooks supper every evening.4.)How does he go to school?

----He goes to school on foot.5.)Does he go to school on Saturday?

---Yes, he does.(第三人称单数一般疑问句句前是does，句中的动词要用原形。)

动词第三人称单数变化规则: 1）直接在动词后面加“s”。

2）以“s、x、sh、ch”结尾的单词，在动词后面加“es”。wash---washes watch---watches

fish---fishes 3）以“辅音+y”结尾的单词，把y改i再加es。

carry---carries

study---studies

fly---flies 4）go 和do 的第三人称单数是goes 和does

叙述的人或事物不是第三人称单数行为动词要用原形。1.)I usually go to school on foot.2.)We play football every Sunday afternoon.3.)What do they do on Sundays?

---They play chess.三：一般过去时：

1、概念：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状态连用，2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本结构：①be+形容词；②行为动词

4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.肯定句: I visited my grandparents last weekend.I usually played with my friends last year.I was busy last weekend.They were sad yesterday.否定句: I didn’t visit my grandparents last weekend.I wasn’t busy last weekend.They were not sad yesterday.一般疑问句: Did you visit you grandparents last weekend?

Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t.Were you busy last weekend?

Yes, I was./ No, I didn’t.Yes, we were./ No, we weren’t.特殊疑问句: What did you do yesterday?

I played football.Where did Mike go last weekend?

He went to the library.How did you go there?

I went by bus.Where were you yesterday? I was at home.四：一般将来时：

1、叙述将要发生的事情或打算。表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do；结构是be going to+动词原形。如果所接的动词原形刚好是go或come，可把to go 和to come 去掉。②will + do.4.否定形式：①am/is/are/going to +not+ do；②will + not;在行为动词前加will not，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will提到句首。

1.)What are you going to do tomorrow?

---I am going to visit my grandparents.2.)Are they going to sweep the floor tonight?

---Yes, they are.3．）Where is Sarah going(to go)next week?

---She’s going(to go)the park.

第三篇：《小学英语时态小结》[定稿]

一：现在进行时：用在叙述某人正在做某事的时候。（某动作正在进行）

其结构是“be动词 + 动词ing”,句中可能会有look，listen，now或一个相当具体的时间。动词加“ing”（现在分词）的变化规则：

1、接在动词后面加“ing”

2、“元音+辅音+e”结尾的单词把e去掉再加ing。

3、重读闭音节双写最后字母再加ing，单词有：run—running、swim—swimming、put—putting、get—getting、shop—shopping 1.)What is Mary doing?She’s shopping.2.)Is Betty swimming now?No, she isn’t.She’s running.3.)It’s seven thirty in the evening.We’re having dinner at home.二：一般现在时：用来叙述经常性发生的事情、习惯和爱好等，时间词有sometimesoftenusuallyevery morning(afternoon,evening,day,week,year)on Monday等（注意此时要先弄清叙述的人或事物是否第三人称单数。即he、she、it。）

式变化规则一样。

1.)John likes going hiking.2.)Mary often gets up at seven o’clock.3.)Mr.Li cooks supper every evening.4.)How does he go to school?----He goes to school on foot.5.)Does he go to school on Saturday?---Yes, he does.(第三人称单数一般疑问句句前是does，句中的动词要用原形。)

动词第三人称单数变化规则:

1）直接在动词后面加“s”。2）以“s、x、sh、ch”结尾的单词，在动词后面加“es”。

wash---washeswatch---watchesfish---fishes 3）以“辅音+y”结尾的单词，把y改i再加es。carry---carriesstudy---studiesfly---flies

4）go 和do 的第三人称单数是goes 和does1.)I usually go to school on foot.2.)We play football every Sunday afternoon.3.)What do they do on Sundays?---They play chess.三：一般将来时：叙述将要发生的事情或打算。时间词有：tomorrow, tonight, next Monday(Tuesday…), next week(month, year…),this morning(afternoon…)结构是be going to+动词原形。如果所接的动词原形刚好是go或come，可把to go 和to come 去掉。

1.)What are you going to do tomorrow?---I am going to visit my grandparents.2.)Are they going to sweep the floor tonight?---Yes, they are.3．）Where is Sarah going(to go)next week?---She’s going(to go)the park.四：过去时：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状态连用, 如yesterday, last weekend, last Sunday 等.也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作, 常和often, always表示频率的时间连用。

肯定句: I visited my grandparents last weekend.I usually played with my friends last year.I was busy last weekend.They were sad yesterday.否定句: I didn’t visit my grandparents last weekend.I wasn’t busy last weekend.They were not sad yesterday.一般疑问句: Did you visit you grandparents last weekend?Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t.Were you busy last weekend?Yes, I was./ No, I didn’t.Yes, we were./ No, we weren’t.特殊疑问句: What did you do yesterday?

I played football.Where did Mike go last weekend?He went to the library.How did you go there?

I went by bus.Where were you yesterday? I was at home.

第四篇：英语时态的用法小结

英语时态的用法小结

英语常见时态的构成：

1.一般现在时

（1）be动词：is，am，are

（2）其他动词：单数第三人称加s。

2.一般过去时

（1）be动词：was，were

（2）其他动词：过去式，即规则动词加ed，不规则动词特殊记。

3.一般将来时

（1）will/ shall +动词原形

（2）is/ am/ are going to +动词原形

4.过去将来时

（1）would +动词原形

（2）was/ were + to +动词原形

5.现在进行时

is/ am/ are +动词-ing

6.过去进行时

was/were +动词-ing

7.现在完成时

have/ has + 过去分词

过去分词，即规则动词加ed，不规则动词特殊记。

8.过去完成时

had + 过去分词

英语时态的用法 一、一般现在时的用法

1．表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作。常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day

(week, month)等连用。

He plays football twice a week.他每周踢两次足球。

I sometimes go to work on foot.我有时步行去上班。

2．表示现在的事实或状态。

It’s cold today.今天很冷。

You look tired now.你现在看起来很疲乏。

3．表示主语所具有的特征，性格和能力等。

She is a famous singer.她是个著名的歌唱家。

Tom likes swimming.汤姆喜欢游泳。

4．表示客观事实或普遍真理。

It’s far from the earth to the sun.地球与太阳间的距离很远。

Five and three makes eight.五加三得八。

5．表示已预先安排或计划好将来确定会发生的动作。如列车时刻等。

但主要用于go, come, leave, start, return, arrive等瞬间动词。

The train from London arrives at 7:00.从伦敦来的火车7:00到站。

He leaves on business the day after tomorrow.他后天出差。

6．在时间及条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。

I’ll call you as soon as I get there.我一到那里就打电话给你。

I’ll come if he invites me.如果他邀请我，我就来。

7．在以here, there开头的句子里，表示正在发生的动作。

Here comes the bus!汽车来了！

There goes the bell!铃响了！

注意：当主语是代词时，代词必须放在动词之前。如：

There he comes!他来了！

8．某些表示心理状态和感觉的动词，如feel, love, hope, want, understand等表示现在发生的具体

行为。

I feel pain in my head.我头疼。

I don’t understand what you mean.我不理解你的意思。

注意：此时只用一般现在时而不用现在进行时。二、一般过去时的用法

1．表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去时间的副词如：yesterday, last week, two

hours ago等连用。

My family moved here five years ago.我家五年前搬到了这里。

I was born in 1973.我生于1973年。

2．表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作。这时可与频度副词如：

often, usually, always等连用。

He always worked into night those days.那些日子他总是工作到深夜。

I often left on business in 1987.1987年我经常出差。

注意：表示“过去经常，而今不再”时，要用used to。如：

I used to read newspaper after breakfast.我过去经常早饭后看报纸。（意指现在已不是这样）

The children often swam in this river.孩子们过去经常在这条河里游泳。(只表示过去有过这个事情，与现在无关)

3．表示过去发生的一连串动作。

过去发生的一连串动作，若用and, or, but等并列连词连接，则一律用过去式。

He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door.他放下这沉重的箱子，掏出钥匙开了房门。

They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.他们把椅子搬到桌边，坐下开始吃饭。

4．在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。

He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information.他说他一得到消息就立即让我知道。

Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.玛丽告诉我如果下雨她就呆在家里。三、一般将来时的用法

（1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如next month, tomorrow, in a

week, soon等连用。

I will go to the zoo next Sunday.下周日我将去动物园。

She’ll go to the cinema tonight.今晚她将去看电影。

（2）表示将来经常发生的动作

Some birds will fly away to the south when winter comes.冬季来临时，一些鸟儿将飞往南方。

（3）“be going to+动词原形”可以表示：

I）根据目前迹象某件事情很有可能发生。

Look at those clouds!It’s going to rain.看那些云，快下雨了。

II）打算、计划、决定要做某事。

We’re going to meet outside the school gate.我们打算在校门口见面。

will与is/ am/ are going to do的区别：

都可表示将来，通常可互换，但下面几种情形只用will而不用be going to。

（1）表示带有“意愿”色彩的将来时。

I’ll help you if you need.如果需要，我帮你。

（2）问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。

Will you go shopping with me? 你和我一起去购物吗？

Will you please open the door? 请把门打开好吗？

（3）表示客观必然会发生的事情。

It will be Monday tomorrow.明天是周一。

（4）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中，主句如果是将来时，则多用will。

I’ll take care of your baby when you are out.你出门时我会照看你的小宝宝。

I’ll open the window if you smoke here.你如果在这儿抽烟我就把窗户打开。

四、过去将来时的用法

过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，多用于宾语从句中，表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后。如果表示过去习惯性的动作时，只能用would，而不用should。如：

He said he would ring me up at six.他说他六点钟将给我打电话。

I would swim in this pool when I was a child.我孩童时期经常在这个池塘游泳。

This window wouldn’t close.这个窗户老是关不上。

五、现在进行时的用法

（1）表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。常与now, at present, at this, moment等连用。

It is snowing now.现在正在下雪。

He is watching TV at present.他正在看电视。

（2）与these days, this week/month等连用，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。

He is studying hard these days.这些天他学习很努力。

He is writing a book.他在写一本书。

注意：在“Look!, Listen!”等感叹句后，通常用现在进行时。如：

Look!The bus is coming.看，公共汽车来了。

比较：

Look!There comes the bus.（以Here, There为首的句子以一般现在时表示正在进行的动作。）

（3）与表示将来的时间状语连用，表示最近计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，主要用于go, come，arrive, leave start, return等瞬间动词。即用现在进行时表示将来。

He is leaving for Nanjing tonight.他今晚去南京。

The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.会议在下午3：00开始。

（4）与always, continually, forever等词连用，表示反复出现的动作，代替一般现在时，表达说话

人强烈的感情。如赞扬、不满、讨厌等。如：

He is always asking such silly questions.他老是提这类愚蠢的问题。

He is continually making mistakes.他不断地犯错误。

没有进行时的动词

1．表示“存在、位置”的动词。如：be（是），lie（位于），stand（位于）

She is a doctor.她是名医生。

The mountain lies in the middle of the country.这座山位于该国的中部。

The tower stands beside the river.这座塔位于河边。

但是，lie, stand分别作“躺、站”解时，可用于现在进行时。如：

The cat is lying under the table.猫躺在桌子下面。

He is standing against the door.他正靠门站着。

2．表示“所有”的动词。如：have（有），own（拥有）

I have a new car.我有一辆新车。

He owns a lot of houses.他拥有许多房子。

但是，当have作“吃、举行”讲时，可用于现在进行时。如：

She is having lunch now.她现在正在吃午饭。

They are having a sports meeting.他们正在举行运动会。

3．表示感觉的动词。如：see（看到），hear（听到），smell（闻到），feel（摸起来），taste（尝起来），find（发现）等。

I see a snake lying in the grass.我看到一条蛇躺在草丛里。

4．表示心理活动和情感的动词，如：know（知道），understand（理解），think（作为），like（喜欢），love（爱），hate（恨），hope（希望），want（想要）等。

I think they are right.我认为他们是正确的。

I like music.我喜欢音乐。

但是，think作“想，考虑”解时，可用于进行时态。如：

I’m thinking about it now.我现在正在考虑这事。

Do you know what he is thinking about? 你知道他在想什么吗？

六、过去进行时的用法

（1）过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和过去的特定时间状语或状语从句连用。

如：then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等。

I was playing volley-ball this time last Sunday.上周日的这个时候我正在打排球。

Li Fang was watching TV when her father came back.李芳的爸爸回来时她正在看电视。

（2）过去进行时表示过去某段时间是持续进行的动作。

They were making ships last month.他们上个月正在造船。

（3）go, come, leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示过去某一时间安排或计划好的即将发生的动作。

The plane was arriving at eight.飞机八点到达。过去进行时与一般过去时的区别

过去进行时表示过去某一动作正在进行，强调“动作的连续性”，而一般过去时则表示一个做完的动作，强调“有过这件事”。

I was playing chess last night.昨晚我在下棋。

I played chess last night.昨晚我下棋了。

My father worked last Sunday.我爸爸上周日工作了。

My father was working last Sunday.我爸爸上周日在工作。

七、现在完成时的用法

（1）强调不久前完成的动作对现在产生的影响，常与already, just, yet等副词连用。

I have just read your letter.我刚刚读完你的信。

He has already come back.他已经回来了.（2）表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。for后通常跟

一个时间段，而since后只能跟一个具体的时间点。

for two weeks持续两周时间；since Monday自从周一

He has lived here for three years.他在此住了两年了。

I have been here since 1976.自从1976年我就一直在这里。瞬间动词及注意要点：

a.现在完成时的肯定句，其谓语动词如果是瞬间动词，如come, go, begin, join等，则不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：他到此两周了。

He has arrived here for two weeks.（×）

此时需转换表达方式：

① 用ago代替for，并改为一般过去时。

② 用延续性动词代替瞬间动词。

③ 用It is/It has been…since…句型。

所以上面的句子可转换为：

① He arrived here two weeks ago.② He has been here for two weeks.③ It is/ It has been two weeks since he arrived here.b.当瞬间动词用于否定句时，则可以与时间段连用。如：

I haven’t gone there for six years.我六年没去那儿。

（3）强调直到现在为止的生活经历。

I have been to Paris twice.我去过巴黎两次。

It’s one of the most interesting films I’ve ever seen.它是我看过的最有趣的电影之一。

比较have been to与have gone to

have been to表示“去过某地”，现在已回来了，可以与ever ,since等词连用。如：

I have ever been to London.我曾去过伦敦。

have gone to表示“去某地了”，现在尚未回来，不能与ever, since等词连用。

He has gone to London.他去伦敦了。

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

二者都表示“动作已经发生”，区别在于：

（1）现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过

去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。

He has learned French for three years.他学法语已三年了。

He learned French for three years.他曾学过三年法语。

Who has taken my bag? I couldn’t find it.谁拿走了我的包？我找不着了！

He cleaned the house yesterday.他昨天打扫过房间。

The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房间很干净，因为他已经打扫过了。

（2）现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用，而一般过去时则可以。

He has done some washing yesterday.（F）

He did some washing yesterday.（T）

他昨天洗衣服了。

八、过去完成时的用法

与现在完成时的用法相似，只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同，现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。

（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，常by, before引导的时间状

语连用。如：

By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.到爱迪生10岁时，他已给自己建了一个实验室。

He had measured me before I could get in a word.我还没说话，他已把衣服量完了。

I thought I had seen him before.我原以为以前见过他。

（2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的时间

状语相连用。

She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她说她已在那所医院工作20年了。

He said he had taught in the university since 1989.他说自从1989年他就在这所大学任教。

（3）叙述过去发生的事情后，反过来又追叙或补述更早以前发生的动作时，常用过去完成时。

I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away for six month.对于此事我一无所知，因为我已离开6个月了。

Some people ran into the street.They had heard a loud noise.有些人跑上了街，他们听到很响的嘈杂声。

时态的一致

在一些从句（主要是宾语从句）中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句中谓语动词时态的影响，这叫做时态的一致。

时态的一致通常分以下一些情况下考虑：

1．当主句中的谓语动词是现在时态或将来时态，在这种情况下，从句的谓语动词可以用任何所需时

态。如：

I know that Mr.Brown is a good teacher.我知道布朗先生是一名好老师。

She believes that he was once a solider.她相信他以前曾是一名士兵。

He will tell us what he is going to do.他将告诉我们他要干什么。

2．当主句中的谓语动词是过去的某种时态，在这种情况下，从句的谓语动词可以分为下面三种情况：

（1）如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句则需要用一

般过去时或过去进行时。如：

He was wondering where he could put the box.他不知道该把这个盒子放在哪里。

The students were talking while the teacher was writing on the blackboard.老师在黑板上板书时，学生们在说话。

（2）如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之前，从句则要用过去完成时。如：

The train had left when they got to the station.当他们到达车站时，火车已经开走了。

He said his father had been dead for twenty years.他说他父亲已经去世二十年了。

（3）如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之后，从句则要用过去将来时。如：

She said she would finish the work tonight.她说过她将于今晚完成这项工作。

We knew that it was going to snow.我们知道将要下雪了。

3．当从句所说明的为一般真理或客观事实时，无论主句为何时态，从句不受影响，仍用现在时态。

The boy was told that the moon travels around the earth.男孩被告知月亮绕着地球转。

Everybody knows that sixty minutes make an hour.人人都知道一小时有六十分钟。

第五篇：小学英语四种时态小结

小学英语四种时态小结一、一般现在时

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。

2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”。

如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

一般现在时的变化

1.be动词的变化。

否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。

如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。

一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：Are you a student?-Yes.I am./ No, I'm not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?

2.行为动词的变化。

否定句：主语+ don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如：I don't like apples.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：

-Do you often play football?-Yes, I do./ No, I don't.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：

-Does she go to work by bike?-Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 动词+s的变化规则

1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks

2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies；

二、现在进行时

1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2．现在进行时的肯定句（否定句）基本结构为 主语+be+（not）+动词ing.3．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。Be+主语+动词ing+其他？

4．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：

疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing+其他?即疑问词+一般疑问句？1

动词加ing的变化规则

1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking

2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting

3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping三、一般将来时

1、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…).2、基本结构：①be going to + do；②will+ do.3、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.4、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。

如：We are going to the zoo tomorrow.→ Are you going to the zootomorrow？

5、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。

1.问人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon.→Who’s going to New York soon.2.问干什么。What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this

afternoon.→What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.问什么时候。When.如：She’s going to go to bed at nine.→When is she goingto bed?

六、同义句：be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）.= I will go swimming tomorrow.四、一般过去时

1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如yesterday，last Monday（week，weekend，year…）

2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）

⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）

⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句：主语+didn’t +动词原形+其它。如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？

如：Who went to home yesterday?

动词过去式变化规则：

1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted

3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped

4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied

5．不规则动词过去式：

am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat，read-read