研究生英语综合教程上册重点词汇句子;考试专用自己总结

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第一篇:研究生英语综合教程上册重点词汇句子;考试专用自己总结

academia 学术界 ambiguous 不明确的

collaborative 协作的、合作的 conviction 坚定的信仰或主张 foster 培养、促进、助长 mitigate 缓和、减轻 outshine 优于······、使······黯然失色 perception 看法、认识 prioritize 使……优先

prospective 预期的、未来的、可能的 transition 过渡、转变 act on 按······行事 count on 指望

pep talk 鼓舞士气的讲话

put one’s neck on the line 冒险 stand out 突出、显眼

commemorate 纪念、庆祝 exquisite 精致的

facet(性格、情况等的)一个方面 renowned 著名的 bid farewell to 告别 partake of 吃、喝 urge······on 激励(人)、鞭策(动物)accommodate 迎合、迁就 bolster 改进

elusive 难以表述的、难懂的

frenzied 狂乱的、疯狂的、异常激动的impair 削弱、损害、损伤 liaison 密切的联系,关系 mundane平凡的、平淡的 myriad 无数的、不计其数的 obsessive 着迷的

prerequisite 必备条件、先决条件、前提

reminisce 缅怀往事、追忆往事 retard 阻碍、减缓 culminate in 到······高峰、最终达到 deprive sb.of sth.剥夺 adept 熟练的

adherent 信徒、追随者、拥护者 align 排成一线

disciplined 训练的、遵守纪律的 indicator 指示物 innovator 创新者 meditation 默念、默想、冥想、打坐 nominal(金额)极小的、微不足道的、象征性的

prestigious 有声望的、有威信的 prevalent 流行的、普遍的 reimburse 偿还

reiterate 反复地说、重申 stamina 持久力、耐力、毅力 strenuous 艰苦的、要花功夫的 tout 赞扬、吹捧 alteration变动、改变 covet觊觎、垂涎、贪求 desecrate亵渎

deviate背离、偏离 disposition性情、性格 endeavor尝试、努力

engross使非常感兴趣、使全神贯注 indestructible不可摧毁的、坚不可摧的 knavish无赖似的、人品不正的 obliterate 忘却、抹去 unfold展现、逐渐呈现

unsavory令人不快的、令人厌恶的 be a far cry from 与……大不相同 atthe peril of 冒着丧失(或伤害)……的危险

hold to 遵循、坚持 benchmark 基准

benign 无害的、良性的 daring 鲁莽的

emeritus 保留头衔的、荣誉退休的 malign 有害的harmful mandate 命令、指示 maneuver 熟练的动作

mantra(非正式)常用的老话 negotiate 顺利通过、成功越过 perverse 任性的、不合情理的、一意孤行的

reckless 轻率的、鲁莽的、不顾危险的 redistribute 再分配、再分发 skeptic 怀疑论者

sober 未喝醉的、清醒的 visceral 内心深处的

at the mercy of 任由某人摆布 black and white 是非分明的

be bound to 很有可能、肯定会 takesth.into account 考虑 to boot 并且、加之 Unit 1 Mitigate--alleviate 减轻、减缓

Prospective--expected 预期的、意料之中的 Outshine--surpassed 胜过、优于 Initiate--originate 引起、创作 Transition--transfer v.转变 Mobilize--organize 组织

Conviction--belief 信仰、信念

Ambiguity--vagueness n.不明确、含糊 Assets--advantage n.优点、优势 Perception--response n.看法、认知 Foster--encourage v.培养、促进 Collaborate--cooperate v.合作、协作

1.“It is an educated guess”, says my hiring manager client.Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate(考词)that risk.You need to help them identify you as a prospective “key player” 这是一种很有根据的猜测,我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工,你的工作就是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险,你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为核心员工。2.Many postdocs and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition(考词)because so much of their life has involved playing the independent-researcher role and outshining other young stars.3.Failure is important because it shows that you were not afraid to take chances.4.It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between academia and industry.The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out.它之所以值得被反复谈及,是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗,争强好胜,所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。5 To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships can be a very scary proposition for a person who has been valued and measured only by his mastery of things.6.This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast and have the courage to act on their convictions.This requirement needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.这样不仅对那些行动迅速的人们,也对那些思维敏捷,并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作,而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。7.I asked him about this key trait because in his new business role, interpersonal abilities make the difference between success and failure.我向他咨询这个重要特征,是因为在他的新业务角色中,人际沟通能力在成功和失败之间发挥着很大的作用。

8.Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工,在某个专业领域,你可以指望他们把活干好。9.The business environment is less lone wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative and selfless stand out.You just can not succeed in an industry environment without this mindset.企业的环境并不需要单打独斗,争强好胜,所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了,在企业环境中,没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。

Unit 2 Fare--food 食物

Moderate--mild adj.温和的

Far-reaching--widespread adj.深远的、范围广的 Authentic--genuine adj.正宗的纯种的 Diverse--varied adj.多种多样的 Streaky--fatty adj.五花肉、肥肉 Commemorate--honor v.纪念

Lingering--continuing v.徘徊、逗留 Humility--modesty n.谦卑

Wronged--treated unjustly 被误解、误会

1.Chinese cuisine is a brilliant facet of Chinese culture, which is proven by the fact that Chineserestaurants are found scattered everywhere throughout the world.中国美食是中国文化一道绚烂的风景线,这点从世界各地随处可见的中餐馆可以窥见。

2.It is widely acknowledged that from the Ming(1368-1644)dynasties onwards, there are eight major schools of cuisine based on regional cooking.众所周知,明朝以来出现了来自不同地区的八大菜系。

3.The names of Chinese dishes are diverse, but behind each of the famous dishes is an interesting story explaining why it is popular.中国菜名五花八门,而每道名菜都有一段有趣的故事,讲述着它是如何博得人们的喜爱。

4.It is the eyes of Chinese, what is important about eating, especially at festivals, is to eat in a warm atmosphere.在中国人看来,吃最重要的,尤其在过节时,莫过于吃饭时的温馨气氛。

5.Such culinary customs have had a certain influence on the character of the Chinese people.这种饮食习俗对中国人的性格也有几分影响。

6.At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group;with the eating process also being a time to show humility and concern for others.无论在聚会还是在宴席上,人们首先考虑大家的需求,把吃饭当成是谦卑有礼和关怀他人的场合。

Unit 4 Insightful--perceptive adj.有深刻见解的 Demanding--exacting v.要求、苛求 Obsessive--compulsive adj.令人着迷的 Commitment--fidelity n.承诺、许诺 Yearning--desire adj.欲望、渴望

Possessive--jealous adj.所有的、占有欲的 Disillusionment--disenchantment n.幻灭、醒悟 Myriad--numerous adj.不明确的、无限期的 Shape--form v.形成

1.The family is usually our earliest and most important source of love and emotional support.家庭通常是我们最早和最重要的爱和情感支持的来源。

2.Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults.很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友,在学校的表现,如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况,以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感联系。3.I never loved another person the way I loved myself.我从没有像爱自己那样爱过别人。4.According to a nine-year-old boy, for example, “Love is like an avalanche where you have to run for your life.” What we mean by love depends on whether we are talking about love for family members.比如一个九岁男孩说:爱就像雪崩,你只有快跑才能逃离。爱对于我们来说意味着什么,这取决于我们指的是家人之间、朋友之间还是恋人之间的爱。(父母对小孩的爱让叛逆期的小孩想要逃离)

5.Many researchers feel that love defies a single definition.(难以描述)许多研究者认为爱没有唯一的定义。

6.At the very least, three elements are necessary for a loving relationship:(1)willingness to please and accommodate the other person, even if this involves compromise and sacrifice;(2)an acceptance of the other person’s faults and shortcomings;and(3)as much concern

about the loved one’s welfare as one’s own.拥有恋爱关系至少需要具备三个元素:1)愿意取悦和迁就另一方,即使需要妥协或牺牲;2)能接受另一方的错误和缺点;3)关心爱人的幸福像关心自己一样。7.People who say they are “in love” emphasize caring, intimacy, and commitment.说自己“处于恋爱中”的人们重视相互之间的关心、亲密和忠诚。

commit

献身于 [专心致力于,倾心于] […][to]:He committed himself to socialism.犯 <罪、过错等>~ a crime 8.Respect is inherent in all love.(……是……的内在属性)相互尊重是所有爱的共同属性。

9.Because of these images, many people believe a variety of myths(误解)about love.These misconceptions(误解)often lead to unrealistic expectations, stereotypes(千篇一律), and disillusionment.10.We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are “filtered out” by formal rules on partner eligibility due to factors such as age, race, distance, social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearance.我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人,因为他们早就被包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性爱、健康或外貌在内的这样正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局。(be eligible for)

Unit 5 Establishment--setup n.建立、成立 Facet--aspect n.方面

Prevalent--common adj.普遍的、流行的 Estimate--judge v.估计、判断 Claim--state v.宣称、表明

Flourish--grow well v.繁荣、活跃 Occasionally--sometimes 有时

Commission--contract v.签约、订约

Prestigious--admired adj.受人尊敬的、有影响的 Reimburse--pay v.偿还

Component--Part n.组分、部分

Flexibility--ability to make changes n.灵活性 Self-discipline--self control自律

1.Yoga originated in ancient India and is one of the longest surviving philosophical systems in the world.Some scholars have estimated that Yoga is as old as 5,000 years;artifacts detailing(描述)yoga postures have been found in India from over 3,000 B.C.瑜伽起源于古印度,是世界上最古老的哲学体系之一。一些学者估计瑜伽已经有5000年的历史了;印度曾经出土过3000年前表现瑜伽手势的手工艺品。

2.There has since been a vast exchange of yoga knowledge in America, with many students going to India to study and many Indian experts coming here to teach, resulting in the establishment of a wide variety of schools.从此瑜伽的知识在美国传播开来,许多学徒专门去印度学习,很多瑜伽教室也来美国教学,创办了大量的瑜伽学校。

3.A recent Roper poll, commissioned(考词:委托)by Yoga Journal, found that……..4.The benefits of yoga are being touted(考词:吹捧)by the move stars.注意:advocate-touted 鼓吹,吹捧 5.many prestigious schools 许多知名大学

6.The two most prevalent(流行的)ones are Iyengar and Ashtanga yoga.Justice will prevail.正义终究战胜邪恶。

7.Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady.根据瑜伽师和派别的不同,一些瑜伽动作做起来异常辛苦,而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。

8.It is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many.这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一

9.Yoga is usually best learned from a yoga teacher or physical therapist, but yoga is simple enough that one can learn the basics from good books on the subject, which are plentiful.能像瑜伽老师或者健身教练学习瑜伽是再好不过了,但因为瑜伽入门简单,所以也可以从大量的介绍瑜伽的正规书籍中自学它的基本动作。

10.Many YMCAs, colleges, and community health organizations offer beginning yoga classes as well, often for nominal(考词)fees.许多地方的基督青年会,大学和社区健康组织都会开办瑜伽课,通常只是象征性的收取一点费用.Nominal power 名义上的权

11.The basic positions can increase a person’s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many.练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量,改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果,但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习,这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。12.Yoga can also provide the same benefits as any well-designed exercise program, increasing general health and stamina(耐力), reducing stress, and improving those conditions brought about by sedentary(埋头工作)lifestyles.瑜伽还能带来和精心设计的练习一样的效果,使人增强体质、焕发活力,并帮助人们舒缓压力和久坐带来的疲劳。

13.Meditation has been much studied and approved for its benefits in reducing stress related conditions.研究表明,冥想能帮助人们缓解压力。

14.Yoga is not a competitive sport;it does not matter how a person does in comparison with others, but how aware and disciplined one becomes with one’s own body and limitation.瑜伽不是竞技体育;练瑜伽不需要和别人比,练瑜伽的目的是提高自己的觉悟和身心自律能力。

15.Yoga is also a very accessible form of exercise.瑜伽是一项很便捷的运动。

16.The mental component of yoga is just as important as the physical postures.Concentration and awareness of breath should not be neglected.Yoga should be done with an open, gentle, and non-critical mind.When one stretches into a yoga position, it can be thought of an accepting and wording on one’s limits.做瑜伽时,身体和精神一样重要,要注意集中精力去感受呼吸。练习时必须心胸开阔、平和。当你伸展肢体做每一个瑜伽动作时,你就是在接收挑战去达到自己的极限。17.However, ongoing research in top medical schools is showing yoga’s effectiveness for overall health and for specific problems, making it an increasingly acceptable health practice.然而,越来越多的来自顶尖医学院的研究结果表明,瑜伽对全身健康和特殊病症都有好处,这也使越来越多的人接受这项健康的运动。

18.Impatience, self-criticism and comparing oneself to others will not help in this process of self-knowledge.While performing the yoga of breathing and meditation, it is best to have an experienced teacher, as these powerful techniques can cause dizziness and discomfort when done improperly.不耐烦、自责和与他人相比都不利于这一过程中自我认识的实现。当练习呼吸法和冥想法时,最好由经验丰富的瑜伽师来指导。因为一旦练习不当,这些技巧性很强的动作会使人感到头晕不适。

Unit 7 拖延 Pending--waiting for 等待

Turn out--become 变成、转变

At his disposal--under his control 在...控制之下

Down on his lucky--suffering from bad luck 遭受不幸 Slump--decline 减少、大幅下降 Soared--increased 增加、增长

Skimped--did without 节省、克扣、少用、省吃俭用 The dole--welfare 幸福、繁荣、福利 Eligible for aid--able to get help 合适

1.The basic nature of human beings does not and can’t change.It is only the surface that is capable of alteration(改变), improvement and refinement;we can alter only people’s customs, manners, dress and habits.人类的本性不会也不能改变,只有一些表面特征才会变化、改善和进一步提升,我们可以改变人们的风格、举止、衣着和习惯。

2.Human nature is the basis of character, the temperament and disposition;it is that indestructible matrix upon which the character is built, and whose shape it must take and keep throughout life.人性是性格、气质和性情的基础。性格正是基于这牢不可破的基质之上的,它必须以这种基质形式存在,并将它保留终生。3.Apologies are in order when Smith is mistaken for Jone.Be in order 适宜,合适的

如果有人把史密斯误认成Jone就应该道歉。

4.Every man unfolds a distinct character over which circumstances and education have only the most limited control.(注意句式)每个人都表现出一种与众不同的性格,而环境和教育对性格的影响都及其有限。5.No two people will ever draw the same conclusions from the same experiences, but each must interpret events and fit them into the mosaic of his own life’s pattern.两个人从相同的经历中也不会得出相同的结论,但是两个人会各自分析这个事情并将他们融入到自己丰富的生活模式中去。

6.Each holds to the structure of the mold into which the soul was cast at the time of its individualization.一个人独特的个性和他的天性在出生时就已经形成,并且不会改变。7.But nothing can permanently modify them, nothing can obliterate(忘却)them.但是没有什么能永久的改变他们,也没有什么能把他们抹去。

8.This is why it is so difficult for one who has acquired an unsavory reputation to re-estabish himself in public confidence.(老师当时说一定会考!!)这就是为什么恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。

9.Therefore while it is impossible to change human nature, it can be studied, controlled and directed, and this should be the supreme function of our religious, educational and social institutions.而且虽然人性是不可能改变的,但是人们可以研究它,控制它和引导它,而且这应该是我们的宗教机构、教育机构和社会机构的最高职能。

10.Man’s inherent goodness, moreover, is revealed by his countless acts of heroism, unselfishness and sacrifice, 人类固有的优点还体现在不计其数的英雄主义行为,充满无私和牺牲精神的举动上。11.Human nature does not and can’t change, but unfolds its inherent pattern.Man has a nature and its laws can be known.Wan can only endeavor to understand man as he is, 人性不会也不能改变,它只展现它固有的模式。它有天性而且这种天性的规律是可知的。我们只能尽力去了解人类的真实面貌。

第二篇:四年级上册英语第二单元重点词汇句子总结(新版pep)

四年级上册英语第二单元重点词汇句子

总结(新版pep)

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Unit2

myschoolbag(我的书包)

词汇:

schoolbag书包

mathsbook

数学书

Englishbook英语书

toy玩具

chinesebook语文书

storybook故事书

candy糖果

notebook笔记本

key

钥匙

lost

丢失

cute

可爱的 somuch非常地

pencil

pen

book

ruler

pencil-case

铅笔

钢笔

书本

尺子

铅笔盒

句型:、what’sinyourschoolbag?你的书包里有什么? AnEnglishbook、achinesebook、amathsbookandthreestorybooks.有一本英语书、一本语文书、一本数学书和三本故事书。

Threekeys、twotoysandanEnglishbook三把钥匙、两个玩具和一本英语书。

2、Ihaveanewschoolbag.我有一个新书包。

whatcolourisit?它是什么颜色的。

It’sblackandwhite.它是黑色和白色的。

3、Excuseme.对不起、打扰一下、Ilostmyschoolbag我的书包弄丢了。

4、Hereitis=Hereyouare给你。

Thankyousomuch.非常感谢。

5、myschoolbagisheavy.我的书包太重了。

6、what’sinyourhand?你的手里有什么?

Aruler?一把尺子吗?No,it’saneraser.不,它是一块橡皮擦。

第三篇:研究生英语综合教程(下)单词表

adversity n 逆境、不幸、厄运 aftermath n 后果、余波 alleyway n 小巷、胡同 altruism n 利他主义、无私

anodyne adj 不冒犯他人的、四平八稳的 aspire v 最求、渴望、有志于

bliss n 极乐,无上幸福 bona fide adj 真正的、真实的

bromide n 意在使人消气却没有效果的话 dazed adj 茫然的、迷乱的、恍惚的

encompass v 覆盖、围住

excruciating adj 剧烈疼痛的

gratifying adj 令人高兴的、使人满足的 harrowing adj 折磨人的、可怕的、令人痛苦的 ineffable adj 难以名状的、不可言喻 legacy n 遗留下来的状况

mind-blowing adj 令人极度的、非常奇怪的 neurological n 神经的

nostalgia n 对往昔事物的留恋、怀旧情绪 ordeal n 可怕的经历、痛苦的折磨

paramountadj 至高无上的、最重要的 province n 范围、领域、职责范围 preoccupied adj 全神贯注的、入神的

refrain n 一再重复的话

rheumatoid arthritis n 类风湿性关节炎 shrivel v 皱缩、干枯、干瘪

steroid n 类固醇

tranquil adj平静的、宁静的、安谧的

traumatic adj 痛苦难忘的、造成精神创伤的 tribulation n 苦难

ultramarathoner n 超级马拉松 vomit v 呕吐、呕出、吐出

wimp n 懦弱无用的人

anecdote n

趣闻、轶事

auditory adj 听觉的 boon n

恩物、有用之物

circuitry n 电路系统 conduit

n

渠道、通道 consortium n

财团、联合企业

curtail

v

缩减、消减 decoder n 解码器

disengaged

adj 自由的、未约束的

duly adv 适当的、恰当的 etch v 蚀刻、fidgety

adj 烦躁的、坐立不安的

footnote n 脚注 forage

v

四处搜寻 godsend v 及时雨 hyperlink n 超文本链接 ideogram n 表意文字

longish adj 略长的、相当长的 neural

adj 神经的、神经系统的

pithy adj 精辟的 remap

v

重新绘制

staccato adj 断音的、断奏的 telltale

adj 暴露真相

terse adj 简短的 thicket

n

灌木丛、小树丛

voracious adj 贪吃的 wayward adj 倔强的 adversary n 对手 almighty god n 全能的上帝

anew adv 重新 beachhead n 滩头堡 belabor v 强调

embattled adj 问题缠身 engulf v 严重影响

foe n 敌人

forebear n 祖先、祖宗 heed v 听从

invective n 咒骂 invoke v 唤起 outpace v 超过、胜过

reverend adj 值得尊敬的 subversion n 颠覆 symbolize v 象征 tribulation n 苦难 twilight n 曙光暮色 tyranny n 暴政 unleash v 释放出、发泄

writ n 书面命令

anemic adj 没有活力的

awash adj 被水或其他液体浸过的 bawl v 叫嚷、大喊 bawl n 叫嚷、大喊 bleach v 使变淡、变白 coyote n 丛林狼 decipher v 辨认、解释

defiant adj 违抗的、挑衅的

defoliate v 使….落叶

dictum n 断言、意见、宣言

doe n

雌兔、雌鹿

dust bowl n

干旱尘暴区 extirpate v 消灭、根除

fang n 尖牙

ford v

涉水而过

gleanings n 费力搜索到的零星信息 juniper n

刺柏、maul v 撕…的皮肉、抓裂 maze n

迷宫似得的街道/小路 melee n 混乱局面 molder v

腐烂、腐朽

rattle n

格格声

requisite n 必需品

sage n 鼠尾草 scuffle

n

扭打 seedling n 种苗、幼苗 shears n 大剪刀

spruce v

显得更加整齐干净

supple adj 灵活的 tingle v 感到刺痛 torrent n

湍流、急流

tyro n 新手、生手 wag v 狗摇尾巴 whinny nv(马)撕叫 willow n 柳树

writhe v 剧烈地扭动身体

affective adj 感情

anecdotal adj 轶事的、趣闻的 arousal

n

唤起 beset v 困扰、使苦恼

缺乏兴趣

pretest n 预先测试

adj 避免引人注目的 微妙的思想 取代、代替 蝌蚪 adj 难吃的 disinterest n fester v irritant 恶化 n

self-effacing subtlety n 烦躁的事物 心态 讣告

强烈感情的不断流露

supplant v tadpole

n mentality n obituary n outpouring n

unpalatable peripheral adj 次要的、非主要的

populist adj 声称代表人民的、平明主义的 sermon n 布道、讲道

通过报业联合会安排出售给多家报刊syndicate v 发表

audible adj 声音听得见

auspicious adj 吉利的、吉祥的 bulky adj 庞大的、宽大的 circumscribe comport v v 约束、限制

行动、表现

举止、行为 comportment n cosmopolitan adj 见识广的、兼容并包的 delineate v 描绘、描写

人口统计数据 demographics n detergent n distaste n 洗涤剂、洗衣粉 不喜欢 特许经营权 franchise n garish adj 过于艳丽的

普遍性、共同性 generality n ingrained adj 根深蒂固的、难以改变的 jolly adj 欢乐的、愉快的 miniscule(minuscule)nuance n 细微差别 adj 很小

第四篇:研究生英语综合教程(上)Unit9_TextB

Is Affordable Housing Becoming An Oxymoron?

Hal R.Varian

现在,房子似乎贵得没人买得起。当然,经济学家更了解情况。从短期来看,大部分地区的住房供应或多或少是固定的。因此,房价主要取决于市场的需求力——即人们在住房方面愿意花多少钱。在过去的几年里,抵押贷款利率降至历史最低点,而这直接刺激了住房需求。在一些地区,特别是在东南海岸,这些地区受到用地限制影响,住房供应量很难再增加,房价已被推高到前所未有的水平。

抵押贷款利率是否造成了房价泡沫,这一直是个有争议的问题。经济学对“泡沫”一词,并没有一个公认的定义,但有种观点称,住房需求的一个重要部分基于人们对未来房价增值的预期,房价越是走高,越有人愿意购买,以便从他们预期会增值的未来房价中获取收益,这进一步推动了房价上涨。

引用艾伦·格林斯潘的话来说,市场中很可能存在一些“泡沫”,特别是在沿海地区。但即使泡沫退去,那些地区的住房仍然相当昂贵。有什么解决办法吗?

一些城市已经启动住房补贴计划,为新的业主提供各种类型的资助。不幸的是,这些计划恰恰进一步扩大需求,推动房价上涨。事实上,在一个持续供应住房的理想市场,对大部分买卖提供10%的补贴,只会使房价上涨10%。这种先自付、后补贴的房价政策,其结果又回到了起点。

如果你真想让房价下降,你会增收房产税,与强行补贴类似,房产税增加10%会使房价下跌10%。当然,住房的总费用(购买价加上税的当前价值)将保持不变,所以这也没有真正解决住房费用问题。

在加利福尼亚州,税收政策在房价动态变化方面已发挥出重大作用。1978年通过的13号议案将业主自住房的房产税增幅限制在每年2%。但是当住房出售时,房产税是根据售价评估的,这意味着新业主通常面临着显著高于旧业主的房产税。

13号议案被称为“搬家税”。事实上确实如此,因为对于加州房主来说,改造原有住房要比搬离原住房实惠得多。对比装修和买卖的税收费用,在原有三间卧室的房子里再添一间卧室要比买一套类似的四间卧室的房子便宜得多。出于同样的原因,“空巢一族”的最佳做法是卖掉住房搬住俄勒冈州。这似乎已经成为相当普遍的做法,至少在某些特定群体中已经相当普遍。

那么,高房价的问题怎么解决?基础经济学告诉我们,要想房价下降,我们必须减少住房需求或增加住房供给。在需求方面还有希望做到。随着利率的上升,我们会看到需求减缓;的确,一些地区的房价走势开始趋于平缓。

最后,要使人们买得起房,唯一可靠的方法是增加住房供应量。但是,建一座新房子需要一块被划为住房用地的土地。我们不能制造更多的土地,因此,我们必须加强现有土地的使用,或者在离工作更远的地方建房子。这两个选项都不吸引人,在加州的城市里,交通日益拥挤,这就限制了人们的住所与工作场所间的距离。在许多理想的住宅区,土地的使用受到严格的限制,而且各种政治力量一致反对放宽这些限制。

想象一下,有人精打细算省下钱,在一块一英亩的地皮上买下了理想的住房。他最不想看到他邻居的地被二次分割,建成两三座新房子。这样做不仅会影响到他的生活质量,更重要的是,也将影响他住房的价值。因为土地划分法和土地使用限制推高了房价,所以寻求便宜住房的人不喜欢。但出于同样的原因,一旦这位寻房者成为了房主,他往往变成这些限制政策的狂热支持者。正如谱戈所说的那样:“我们所遇到的敌人就是我们自己”。

第五篇:七年级上册英语重点句子总结

七年级上册英语重点句子总结

Starter Unit 1-Unit3 1.你好,鲍勃!

Hello, Bob!2.早上好!

Good morning!3.下午好!

Good afternoon!4.晚上好!

Good evening!5.你好吗?我很好,谢谢!

How are you? I’m fine, thank you.6.这个用英语怎么说?

What’s this in English? 7.这是一个夹克衫。

It’s a jacket.8.请拼写一下它。

Spell it, please.9.它是什么颜色?

What color is it? 10.它是棕色。

It’s brown.Unit 1 My name’s Gina 1.你叫什么名字?我叫吉娜。

What’s your name? My name is Gina.2.很高兴见到你。

Nice to meet you.3.他的名字叫什么?他叫杰克。

What’s his name? His name is Jack.4.你是海伦吗?不,我不是。

Are you Helen? No,I’m not.5.她是玛丽吗?是的,她是。

Is she Mary? Yes,she is.6.你的电话号码是多少?281-9176.What’s your telephone number? It’s 281-9176.7.你姓什么?我姓史密斯。

What’s your last name? Smith.8.我的朋友在中国。

My friend is in China.9.她的电话号码是357-5689.Her telephone number is 357-5689.10.他的名字叫汤姆。

His first name is Tom.Unit 2 This is my sister.1 1.那是我的父母。

Those are my parents.2.这是我的两个弟弟。

These are my two brothers.3.她是谁?她是我的祖母。

Who’s she? She is my grandmother.4.那是你的姐妹们吗?不,他们是我的朋友。

Are those your sisters? No,they are my friends.5.他们是谁?他们是我的父母。

Who are they? They are my parents.6.这是我家的两张照片。

Here are two nice photos of my family.7.我爷爷和奶奶在第一张照片里。

My grandfather and grandmother are in the first photo.8.在下一张照片里是我的兄弟们。

In the next picture are my brothers.9.这两个女孩是我的妹妹辛迪和我的表妹海伦。

These two girls are my sister Cindy and my cousin Helen.10.蔻蔻也是我家的一员。

Coco is in my family, too.Unit 3 Is this your pencil? 1.那是你的书包吗?不,那不是。那是他的。

Is that your schoolbag? No, it isn’t.It’s his.2.这些是你的书吗?不,它们不是,它们是她的。

Are these your books? NO, they aren’t.They are hers.3.打扰了,这是你的铅笔吗?

Excuse me, is this your pencil? 4.这支蓝色的钢笔是他的。

The bule pen is his.5.那这本字典呢?

What about this dictionary? 6.那是你的吗?不,它不是。

Is that yours? No, it isn’t.7.谢谢你的帮助。

Thank you for your help.8.不用谢。

You are welcome.9.那些是安娜的书吗?不,它们不是。它们是我的。

Are those Anna’s books? No,they aren’t.They are mine.10.你怎样拼写它?

How do you spell it? 11.一个电脑游戏在学校图书馆。

A computer game is in the school library.12.向老师去要它。Ask the teacher for it.13.给我打电话685-6034.Call me at 685-6034.14.今天早晨我丢了我的学生证。

I lost my school ID card this morning.15.我找到了一串钥匙。

I found a set of keys.16.我必须找到它。

I must find it.Unit 4.Where’s my schoolbag? 1. 我的书在哪里?它们在沙发上。

Where are my books? They are on the sofa.2.我的电脑游戏在哪里?它在床底下。

Where is my computer game? It’s under the bed。3.它在书桌上吗?不,它在书柜里。

Is it on the desk? No,it isn’t.It’s in the bookcase.4.我想它在你爷爷奶奶的房间里。

I think it’s in your grandparents’ room.5.它在它们的床上。

It’s on their bed.6.它在你的头上。

It’s on your head.7.笔记本在模型飞机底下。

The notebook is under the model plane.8.你能为我带一些东西到学校吗?

Could you bring some things to school for me? 9.佛兰克需要他的磁带。

Frank needs his tape.11.一点在你的学校见。

Meet you at one at your school.12.我很整洁,但是吉娜不。

I’m tidy, but Gina is not.13.在我们的房间,我的书和磁带在书柜里。

In our room, my books and tapes are in the bookcase.14.吉娜的书到处都是。

Gina’s books are everywhere.15.这个白色的模型飞机是她的。

The white model plane is hers.16.“我的钥匙在哪里?”吉娜总是问。

“ Where are my keys? “ Gina always asks.17.我的字典和收音机在书桌上。

My dictionary and my radio are on the desk.18.磁带播放机在老师的桌子上。

The tape player is on the teacher’s desk.3

Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball? 1.你有一个乒乓球拍吗?是的,我有。

Do you have a ping-pong bat? Yes, I do.2.简有一个网球吗?不,她没有。

Does Jane have a tennis ball? No, she doesn’t.3.让我们走吧。我们迟了。

Let’s go.We are late.4.让我去取它。

Let me get it.5.他有一个足球吗?不,他没有。他有两个排球。

Does he have a soccer ball? No, he doesn’t.He has two volleyballs.6.它们有一个篮球吗?是的,它们有。

Do they have a basketball? Yes, they do.7.让我们打篮球吧。那听起来不错。

Let’s play basketball.That sounds good.8.我没有一个足球。

I don’t have a soccer ball.9.我们去同一所学校,并且我们喜欢足球。

We go to the same school and we love soccer.10.我们在学校和我们的朋友踢足球。

We play soccer at school with our friends.11.我不做运动,我只在电视上观看它们。

I don’t play sports.I only watch them on TV.12.它对我来说很简单。

It’s easy for me.13.下课后,我和我的同学打乒乓球。

After class, I play ping-pong with my classmates.14.我没有一个棒球,但是我有一个足球。、I don’t have a baseball, but I have a soccer ball.15.汤姆有一个棒球,但是他没有一个棒球棒。

Tom has a baseball, but he doesn’t have a baseball bat.Unit6 Do you like bananas? 1.你喜欢香蕉吗?不,我不喜欢。

Do you like bananas? No, I don’t.2.你喜欢沙拉吗?是的,我喜欢。

Do you like salad? Yes, I do.3.让我们吃冰欺凌吧。

Let’s have/eat ice-cream.4.约翰的生日宴会再下星期。

John’s birthday dinner is next week.5.让我们来想一下食物。

Let’s think about the food.6.汉堡,蔬菜沙拉和一些水果怎么样?

How about hamburgers, vegetable salad and some fruit? 7.约翰喜欢草莓和苹果。

John likes strawberries and apples.8.他们喜欢吃梨吗?不,他们不喜欢。

Do they like pears? No, they don’t.9.她喜欢吃西红柿吗?是的,她喜欢。

Does she like tomatoes? Yes, she does.10.他不喜欢吃蔬菜。

He doesn’t like vegetables.11.我们喜欢汉堡,但是我们不喜欢吃鸡肉。

We like hamburgers, but we don’t like chicken.12.体育明星吃的好。

Sports star eats well.13.戴维询问这个排球明星有关她的饮食习惯。

David asks the volleyball star about her eating habits.14.你早餐喜欢吃什么?

What do you like for breakfast? 15.你喜欢吃什么水果?

What fruit do you like? 16.我喜欢水果。我认为它很健康。

I love fruit.I think it’s healthy.17.你晚餐喜欢吃汉堡吗?

Do you like hamburgers for dinner? 18.她晚饭后吃冰激凌。

She eats ice-cream after dinner.19.辛迪不想变胖。

Cindy doesn’t want to be fat.20.我早餐不吃鸡蛋。

I don’t have eggs for breakfast.Unit 7 How much are these socks?

1.这件体恤衫多少钱?7美元。

How much is this T-shirt? / What’s the price of this T-shirt? It’s seven dollars.2.这些袜子多少钱? 2 美元。

How much are these socks?/ What’s the price of these socks? They’re two dollars.3.那些红色的短裤多少钱?6美元。

How much are those red shorts? They are 6 dollars.4.我喜欢那些长的蓝色和黄色相间的袜子。

I like those long blue and yellow socks.5.这些黑色的裤子多少钱? 9美元。

How much are those black trousers? They’re nine dollars.6.我能帮你吗?

Can I help you? / What can I do for you? 7.我需要一件上学用的毛衣。

I need a sweater for school.8.你想要什么颜色?

What color do you want? 9.这件怎么样?

How about/ What about this one? 10.一双两美元,两双三美元。

Two dollars for one pair and three dollars for two pairs.11.我要买它们。

I’ll take them.12.给你。

Here you are.13.谢谢。不用谢。

Thank you.You’re welcome.14.来买你的衣服在我们的大甩卖中。

Come an d buy your clothes at our great sale.15.我们卖的衣服物美价廉。

We sell all our clothe at very good prices.16.我们有绿色的毛衣只需15美元。

We have green sweaters for only 15 dollars.17.对于女孩子们,我们有紫色的裙子只需20美元。

For girls, we have skirts in purple for only 20 dallars.18.袜子三双仅需2美元。

Socks are only 2 dollars for three pairs.19.现在快来酷先生的服装店吧。

Come to Mr.Cool’s clothes store now.20.我需要一双黑色的鞋去学校。

I need a pair of black shoes for school.Unit 8 How much are these socks?

1.你的生日在什么时候?我的生日在5月2号。

When is your birthday? My birthday is on May 2nd.2.他的生日在什么时候?他的生日在1月17号。

When is his birthday? His birthday is on January 17th.3.她的生日在什么时候?在8月。When is her birthday? It's in August.4.爱丽丝的生日在什么时候?她的生日在9月5号。

When is Alice's birthday? Her birthday is on September 5th.5.你爸爸的生日在什么时候?他的生日在4月21号。When is your father's birthday? His birthday in on April 21st.6.他的生日在7月吗?是的,它在。Is his birthday in July? Yes, it is.7.生日快乐!

Happy birthday!8.你多大了?我13.How old are you? I’m thirteen.9.你想要来我的生日派对吗?

Do you want to come to my birthday party? 10.今天下午三点见。At three this afternoon.11.我能问你一些问题吗?

Can I ask you some questions? 12.篮球比赛在什么时候?它在10月2号。

When is the basketball game? It’s on October 2nd.13.这学期我们为你准备了一些有趣和好玩的活动。

We have some interesting and fun things for you this term.14.在9月21号,我们下午有学校旅行。

On September 21st, We have a school trip in the afternoon.15.在12号和15号,我们有两个球类比赛,足球和排球。

On the 12th and the 15th, we have two ball games, soccer and volleyball.16.学校开放日在10月22号。

School Day is on October 22nd.17.你的父母可以来我们学校。

Your parents can come to our school.18.12月3号,我们在学校图书馆有一个图书销售。

On December 3rd, we have a book sale in the school library.19.这真是一个忙碌的学期。

This is a really busy term.20.祝你玩的愉快。

Have a good time!

Unit 9 My favorite subject is science.1.你最喜欢的科目是什么?我最喜欢的科目是艺术。

What’s your favorite subject? My favorite subject is art.2.你为什么喜欢体育?因为它很好玩。、Why do you like P.E.? Because it’s fun.3.你在学校的第一天怎么样?

How’s your first day of school? 4.我很高兴见到我所有的朋友。

I’m happy to see all my friends.5.他最喜欢的科目是科学。你呢?

His favorite subject is science.What about yours? 6.你这一天过得怎么样?还行。

How’s your day? It’s OK.7.谁是你的音乐老师?谢女士。

Who’s your music teacher? My music teacher is Ms.Xie.8.它们是我最喜欢的科目。

They are my favorite subjects.9.他总是和我们做游戏。

He always plays games with us.10.你最喜欢哪一天?星期五。因为下一天是星期六。

What’s your favorite day? Friday.Because the next day is Saturday.11.那是当然。

That’s for sure.12.鲍勃为什么喜欢历史?因为它很有趣。、Why does bob like history? Because it’s interesting.13.你的地理课在什么时候?它在星期一和星期五。

When is your geography class? It’s on Monday and Friday.14.她最喜欢的科目是什么?她最喜欢的科目是数学。

What’s her favorite subject? Her favorite subject is math.15.你不喜欢什么科目?我不喜欢历史因为它很无聊。

What subject do you not like? I don’t like history because it’s boring.16.怎么了?

What’s wrong? 17.星期二我有两节数学课。

I have two math classes on Tuesday.18.我爸爸说它很有趣,但是我不这样认为。

My father says it’s interesting, but I don’t think so.19.我现在得走了!

I have to go now!

20.今天早晨我有科学课。

I have science this morning.21.音乐课见。

See you at music class.22.我星期五很忙。I’m very busy on Friday.23.在8点钟我上数学课。

I have math at 8:00.24.老师说它很有用,但是我认为它很难。

The teacher says it’s useful, but I think it is difficult.25.然后11点钟,我上体育课。

After that, I have P.E.at 11:00.26.我在1:50上完课。

My classes finish at 1:50.27.我上两个小时的艺术课。

I have art lesson for two hours.28.午餐是从12:00到1:00.Lunch is from 12:00 to 1:00.29.我想星期五下午见你。

I want to meet you on Friday afternoon.30.让我们星期六见。那样你可以吗?

Let’s meet on Saturday.Is that OK with you?

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