第一篇:祈使句
(一)祈使句用法讲解
祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。1.肯定的祈使句(1)动词原形+其他
Stand up, please.= Please stand up.请起立。(2)Be + n./adj.Be a good boy!要做一个好孩子!
Be careful!= Look out!= Take care!小心 / 当心!(3)Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分
Let me help you.让我来帮你。
Let’s go to school together.咱们一起上学去吧。
2.否定的祈使句(1)Don't + 动词原形
Don't stand up.别站起来。
Don't be careless.别粗心。
Don't let them play with fire.别让他们玩火。
(2)Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语
+ not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。
Don't let him go./ Let him not go.别让他走。
Let them not play with fire.别让他们玩火。(3)no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
No smoking!禁止吸烟!No fishing!禁止钓鱼!
3.祈使句的强调形式,通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。
例如:Do shut up!快住口!
4.祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用
will或won’t。
在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:
1)形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致)2)意思相反(即Yes是 “不”的意思;No是 “是”的意思)。
在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
如:---Don’t go out, please.It’s raining heavily outside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
----Yes, I will.I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。
(二)易错点讲解
1、放句首时,要注意Don’t后面要用动词原形;
2、当人称后面有标点符号时,要注意是用祈使句还是用三单。如:Lucy, don’t be late again.Lucy, a 17-year-old girl, is not late again.3、祈使句与or的搭配,如:Hands up, or we’ll shoot.【趁热打铁】
1._______ late again, Bill!
A.Don't to be
B.Don't be
C.Not be
D.Be not 2._______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.A.Not
B.Won't
C.Doesn't
D.Don't 3.Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.A.bring
B.brings
C.to bring
D.bringing 4.________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.A.Telling
B.To tell
C.Told
D.Tell 5.Her doctor said: “________ work so hard”
A Stop
B Don’t
C Can’t
D No
6.Sindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock
A is sure
B is sure that
C will be sure
D be sure
7.________ when you cross the road.A Do care
B Care
C Do be careful
D To be careful
8.________ in bed.It’s bad for your eyes.A Not to read
B Don’t read
C Don’t to read
D Not read 9 ______ tell a lie.A Hardly
B Not
C No
D Never
(一)should用法讲解
1.用于第一人称疑问句,表征询意见。如:Should I open the window? 我可以开窗户吗? 2.should表义务,可用于各种句式,通常指将来。
如:You should do what your parents tell you.你应该照你父母的话去做事。
He should do some work, but he doesn’t want to.他应该做些工作,但是他不想做。也可指现在。如:
You shouldn’t be sitting in the sun.你不应该坐在阳光下。3.should表推测,暗含很大的可能。如:
It’s 4:30.They should be in New York by now.现在是四点半,他们应该到达纽约了。
(二)had better用法讲解 1.had better的基本用法特点 其意为“最好”、“应该”,后接动词原形,与情态动词should用法相似,其中的had通常缩略为 ‘d。如:
You’d better get some sleep.你最好去睡一会儿。
We had better go before it rains.我们最好在下雨前就去。2.had better如何构成否定式和疑问式
构成否定式时,通常将not置于had better之后(而不是had之后);而构成疑问式时,则通常将had(而不是had better)置于主语之前。如: I’d better not disturb him.我最好别去打扰他。What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办?
【注】在否定疑问句或反意疑问句中可将not与had连用。如: Hadn’t we better go now? 我们是不是现在就去呢? 3.had better后接进行式
有时后接动词的进行式,表示最好马上做某事如: I think I’d better be going.我想我最好还是马上走。
You’d better be getting your clothes ready.你最好马上把衣服准备好。
【趁热打铁】
一、句式转换:
1、You should go to school on time.(否定句)_________________________________________________________________
2、You had better get here early.(否定句)_________________________________________________________________
3、You should dress neatly.(同义句)
_________________________________________________________________
4、We’d better put the rubbish in the bin.(划线提问)
二、单选
()1.This dictionary belongs to Rita.You ____________ it home without letting her know.A.had better not to take
B.shouldn’t take C.needn’t take D.shouldn’t be taking()2.This is a very important project,so you _______ plan it very carefully.A.should
B.will
C.dare
D.need()3.You had better ________ football near the street,it’s very dangerous.A.not to play
B.don’t play
C.not play
D.to not play()4.Our money is very limited,so you ___________ so much money on so dear a skirt.A.shouldn’t spent
B.shouldn’t be spending C.needn’t spent
D.won’t spend
五、may的用法
1、can, could的用法
1.表能力,意为“能、会”。
例:Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球么? 2.表怀疑、猜测,常用于否定句和疑问句中。例:He can’t be in the room.他不可能在房间里。3.表请求或允许,多用于口语中,意为“可以”,相当于may.例:You can(may)go now.你现在可以走了。
4.could是 can的过去式,可以表示过去的能力。
例:I can swim when I was seven years old.我七岁时就会游泳。–Could I go to the movie this weekend, Dad?--Yes, you ______.But you have to come back before nine.A.shall
B.must
C.need
D.can
2、may的用法
1.表推测,意为“可能,也许”,用于肯定句中。He may come tomorrow.他明天可能会来。2.表请求、许可,意为“可以”。
例:May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的书么?
注意:may表请求,用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时,其否定回答用mustn’t或can’t, 不用may not, 意为“不可以,不允许,禁止”。例:--May I go now? 我现在可以走了么?--No, you mustn’t.不,不可以。
3.can 和may均可用来表示征求意见或允许,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。may 的基本用法就是表示请求时的“可以”和猜测时的“可能”,但要再次强调may 表示 猜测时是可以用在肯定句、否定句中的。另外,may引起的一般疑问句,其回答需要注意:肯定回答可以使用may或者can都可以,但否定回答则不能用may not, 只能用can’t 或者mustn’t.--_____ I take the newspaper away?--No, you mustn’t.You _____ read it only here.A.Must, can
B.May, can
C.Need, must
D.Must, must 【趁热打铁】
1.The man in the office ________ be Mr.Black, because he went home just now.A.mustn’t
B.may not
C.can’t
D.needn’t 2.John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.A.may
B.can
C.has to
D.must 3 —May I take this book out? —No, you___.A.can't
B.may not
C.needn't
D.aren't 4.—He___ be in the classroom, I think.—No, he ___ be in the classroom.I saw him go home a minute ago.A.can;may not B.must;may not C.may;can't
D.may;mustn't 5.___ I take this one?
A.May
B.Will
C.Are
D.Do
第二篇:祈使句用法
祈使句
1、概述
祈使句(imperative sentence)表命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等,谓语动词用原形。主语you通常省略,句末用叹号或句号。
Knock at the door before entering, please.进来时请敲门!(建议)
Try some of this juice---perhaps you’ll take it.尝点这种果汁,也许你会要。(建议)Look out!There is a train coming.注意!火车来了!(提醒)
Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking.请穿结实的鞋子,因为我们要走许多的路。(叮嘱)
At the beginning, collect as many stamps as you can.开始时,尽可能多多地收集邮票。(建议)Leave her where she is!让她留在原地!(命令)
Put your coat at once.We must hurry.立刻穿上衣服。我们必须快点。(命令)
Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved.如果你能,来献血吧,这会挽救很多人的生命。(号召)
2、祈使句的另外表达方式(1)“No+名词或动名词” 表示祈使句
“No+名词或动名词”结构表示禁止的祈使,一般用于指示、标牌、布告等。No smoking!禁止吸烟!No spitting!不准随地吐痰!No litter!不准乱扔果皮纸屑!No entry!不许入内!
No thoroughfare!禁止通行!No scribbling on the wall!墙上不准涂写!No admittance except on business!非公莫入!(2)“have done„”结构表示祈使句
这种结构相当于stop doing,意为“禁止”。有时表示“结束、停止”。
Have done scolding him.不要再责备他了。Have done!住手!
Have done running!跑完了!(别跑了!)(3)“be+ V-ed”结构表示祈使句
Be guided by reason!理智些!Be seated!请坐!
Be persuaded by your father!听你父亲的话!Be gone!滚!(4)“be+ V-ing” 结构表示祈使句
Don’t be looking out of the window!勿将头伸出窗外!
Do be doing your homework when I come in.我进来时,你一定在做作业吧!(5)无动词祈使句 一般来讲,祈使句都要有动词,但是有些用于口号、告示等的祈使句却是没有动词。主要有:名词短语;介词短语;名词+代词/副词/形容词;形容词+名词/代词;副词+with等。Don’t all speak at once!One at a time, please.不要一起说,一次一个!
One more week, and we’ll accomplish the task.再给我一星期,我就会完成任务。Patience!耐心点!Your turn.轮到您了。After you!您先请!Now for it!干起来吧!On with your cap.带上帽子。Danger!危险!Poison!有毒!Over!完毕!Bottom up!干杯!
None of that again!不要在那样!None of your nonsense!不要胡说八道!Hand up!举起手来!Hands off!无动手!
Off with it!把它拿下来!Up with the box!把箱子放下!
Eyes left!向右看齐!None of your impudence!休要无理!None of your little trick!不要再玩鬼把戏!(6)let祈使句 ① Let’s祈使句
let’s引导的祈使句,包括听话者本人在内,表示建议,反意问句用shall we。相当于I(We)suggest that you and I(we)„。
Let’s begin, shall we?我们开始好吗? Let’s go home.我们回家吧!
② Let me(us, him, her, it, them)祈使句
该结构引导的祈使句表示请求对方允许自己干某事,不包括对方(you)在内,let相当于allow,意为please allow us„或you allow us,反意问句要用will you。
Let all the children be well educated!让所有的孩子都得到良好的教育。Let him go where he might, I don’t care.他想上那就让他去,我不管!Let us know your name, will you?让我们知道你的名字好吗? ③ let祈使句否定
let 祈使句的否定可以为let’s not/let me(us)not或Don’t let’s/ let me(us)但let him等第三人称否定式为Don’t let him。其他人称亦可用Don’t let。Don’t let her disturb you!别让她妨碍我!Let’s not be in such a hurry!让我们别这样急!④ let祈使句强调
let祈使句强调的强调式为Do let’s或Do let us。Do let her go!一定让她走!
Do let’s go climbing.我们一定去爬山!⑤ Let there be 结构
No + v-ing其时句常用let there be 代替。
No parking here.= Let there be no parking here.不准在此停车!(7)“why not+动词原形”等结构表示祈使概念 “why not+动词原形”;“why +动词原形” “you’d better/best+do sth.”等结构可以表示祈使概念,用来表达方式,提出委婉建议,指责,反问等。-I usually go there by train.我通常坐火车去?
-Why not try going by boat for a change?怎么不坐船换换口味。
You’d better go to school early tomorrow.明天你最好早点去上学。
-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Susan,去和你姐姐扫院子。
-Why me? John is sitting there doing nothing.为什么叫我去?John坐在那闲着。
3、祈使句可以用被动形式
Don’t be cheated by what he said.不要被他说的话所欺骗。Don’t be forced to do that again.不要再被胁迫做那种事了。
4、祈使句的主语
祈使句的主语多为不言而喻的you,一般不出现。但若是要强调主语;或表示急躁、厌烦、不高兴、愤怒等感情色彩;表示向谁请求或发出命令,祈使句可有主语,除you外可以用不代词one, someone, somebody, everybody, everyone或名词。
① 当说话人强调主语或上级对下级,长者对年青人或小孩讲话时。-Alice, you feed the bird today, will you?爱丽丝,你去喂鸟好吗?-Yes.But I fed it yesterday.好,但我昨天喂了。
You take care when you cross the road.你过马路时要小心。You speak first.你先讲。
Tom, listen to me.汤姆,听我说。You be careful.你要仔细点。
John, open the door!约翰,去开门!
② 当说话人有急躁、厌烦、不高兴、愤怒等感情色彩 Come here, you!你,过来!(放句尾,表示轻视、傲视)You do it right away.你立刻做这件事
You mind your own business, and leave this to me.你别管闭事,把此事留给我好了。③ 当说话人必须指明不同的事要求不同的人去做时。
You clean the windows,and you(another man)mop the floor.你擦窗户,你(指另一个人)拖地板。You go over there and sit next to Tom,while he and I stay here.你到那里坐在汤姆旁边,我和他留在这里。
④ 当祈使句的主语是someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等泛指第三人称时。Someone call a taxi.你去叫车!(相当于You,不用calls)Someone open that window.来个人把那扇窗户打开。Everybody be here at7:30.大家7:30到这里。
⑤ 当祈使句谓语部分有副词up,down,in,out,off,away等,且这些副词置于句首时。In you jump!你跳进去吧!Out you come.请你出来。
⑥ 当祈使句以Don't开头又要加重语气时。
Don’t you dare to cause any more trouble.你敢再捣乱。Don’t you be late again next time.你下次不要再来晚了。
5、祈使句的否定
祈使句的否定结构一般是在谓语动词前加do not或用don't(口语中),有时也可用never,若祈使句有主语,否定词用don’t或never要置于主语之前,不可用do not。—Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to„对不起,Joe。我不是故意要„„
—Don’t call me “Joe”.I’m Mr Parker to you, and don’t you forget it!不要叫我Joe。我是Parker先生,不要忘了。
Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.除非老师叫你动,否则就不要动任何东西。
Don't reach sideways while standing on a ladder.站在梯子上的时候,不要侧身子伸手去拿东西。Don’t anyone make noise!都别说话了!
Don’t you ever forget it!(不能说Do not you„)别忘了。Don’t you believe it.决不要相信他。Never be late again.别再迟到了。
6、肯定祈使句的强调
肯定祈使句可用助动词do加强语气,常译为“务必、一定要”。Do save me!天那!(救救我吧)Do come in.请进。
Do be careful when crossing the street.过马路时务必小心。
Do give my regards to your parents.请务必代我向你的父母问好。
7、“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构
(1)祈使句+ and(then,and then)+陈述句
在这个句型中,前边祈使句+ and(then,and then)相当于if引导的条件句。
Come early,and you’ll catch the first bus.=If you come early,you’ll catch the first bus.来早点,你就能赶上第一班汽车。
Use your head,then you’ll find a way.开动脑筋,那么你就会找到办法。
One more word,and I'll get angry with you.如果你再说一句话,我就生你的气了。Another week,and the railway station will be completed.再有一周,火车站就完工了。(2)祈使句+(or,or else,otherwise)+陈述句
在这个句型中,前边祈使句+(or,or else,otherwise)相当于unless引导的条件句。
Work hard,otherwise,you’ll fail.= Unless you work hard,you’ll fail.努力干,要不,你会失败的。
Use your head,or else you won’t find a way.= Unless you use your head, you won’t find a way.开动脑筋,否则,你就找不到办法。
巧选and, or:选择连接词,只看陈述句,and叫人心欢畅,or的后果不好尝。
8、祈使句的简略答语形式
祈使句的简略答语,肯定或否定形式常用will或won’t。-Write to me when you get home.到家时给我打电话!-I will.我会的。
-Don’t forget to close the window.别忘了关窗。-No, I won’t.不会忘
第三篇:祈使句感叹句练习题
祈使句练习题
1.If you are tired, ______ a rest.A.have B.having
C.to have D.had 2.______ me go.It is very important for me.A.Do let B.let do C.Doing let D.To do let 3.He is not honest.______ believe him.A.Not B.Don’t
C.To not D.Not to 4.If you want to stay, let me know, ______? A.will you B.shall we
C.do you D.do we 5.Never come late again, ______?
A.will you B.won’t
C.do you D.does he 6._____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train.A.Getting B.Get
C.To get D.Got 7._____ in the street.It’s dangerous.A.Not play B.Not to play
C.Don’t play
D.Don’t to play 8.Please ______ me some money, will you? A.lend B.lending
C.to lend D.be lend 9.The film is about to begin.Please ______ seated.A.be B.are
C.is D.being 10.Find ways to praise your children often, ______you'll find they will open their hearts to you.A.till
B.or
C.and
D.but 感叹句练习题
1.____ a nice watch it is!A.How
B.What
C.What a
D.How a 2.____ bright girls they are!A.What
B.What a
C.How
D.How a 3.____ interesting the film is!A.What
B.What an C.How
D.How a 4.____ sunny day!Let’s go out for a walk.A.How a
B.How
C.What a
D.What 5.____ hard work it is!A.How
B.What
C.What a
D.What an 6.____ day it is!It’s rainy again.A.How bad
B.What a bad C.How fine
D.What a fine 7.____ great day July 1,1997 will be!A.How a
B.What a C.How
D.What 8.____ expensive trousers!A.What
B.What a
C.How
D.What an 9.____ girl she is!A.What bright a B.How a bright C.How bright a D.What bright 10.____ weather we have today!A.A fine
B.What a fine C.How a fine D.What fine 11.____ careless he is!A.What
B.How
C.So much
D.How much 12.____ from Beijing to London!A.How long way it is B.What a long way is it C.How long way is it D.What a long way it is 13.Oh, John, ____ you gave us!A.How a pleasant surprise
B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise
第四篇:祈使句 感叹句练习
Period 4(Grammar)
栏目:温故互查
I.Play a game(Simon says)阅读并熟悉以下指令(教师下指令,任何对没有Simon says的指令做出反应的人都将会被淘汰出局,选出最终的胜利者)
“Simon says, put your left hand up.” “Put your right hand on your head.”
“Touch your chin/nose/head.”
“Shut/Open your left/right eye/both eyes.···
栏目:设问导读
I.Translate and work out the rule.1.Daisy,打开门。________the door, Daisy.Daisy, 不要开门。________ ________ the door, Daisy.*祈使句中,动词要用_______________形式,否定祈使句通常在动词前加_____________.2.请关闭手机。________ turn off your phone./ Turn off your phone, __________.*为使祈使句显得礼貌,应加上_______________.3.女孩儿们,保持安静。_________ quiet, girls.下次不要迟到了。
________ _________ late again.*用形容词做祈使句时,形容词前应加____________
II.Read the sentences(B Exclamations)on P95, then work out the rule.1.We often begin an exclamation with the word __________ or ___________.2.We often use “ ________” at the end of an exclamation.栏目:自我检测
I.Work alone, complete the exercise on P95 and P96 B1.II.In pairs, complete the conversation in P96 B2.栏目:巩固练习I.单项填空
1.Look!__________ beautiful that lake is!
A.How
B.What
C.What a
D.How a 2.Let’s _________ our time.A.not waste
B.not wasting
C.not to waste
D.no waste 3.---_________higher, and you will see the house.A.If you stand B.To stand
C.When you stand
D.Stand 4.________ careful!
A.Do
B.Be
C.Not be
D.Not do 5._________ a clever boy he is!
A.What
B.How
C.What’s
D.How’s
II.用how 和what填空 1.________ lovely the snow looks!2.________ a clever boy Jim is!3.________ worried they looked!4.________ hard the workers are working!5.________long hair she has!6.________ fine weather is!7.________ kind teachers!
栏目:拓展探究
I.In groups, discuss the following questions.1.When do we use “a” and “an” in exclamations?
2.When do we not use them?
用what, what a/an或how填空,完成感叹句。
1.______________ clever girl she is!2.______________ interesting story it is!3.______________ beautiful flowers they are!4.______________ delicious food it is!5.______________ well she sings!II.改写句子
1.Teachers often tell the kids not to talk in the classroom.(改为祈使句)
_________ __________ in the classroom, kids.2.The school trip is very exciting.(同义句)
__________ _________ the school trip is!3.Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter.(同义句)
_________ ___________ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!
第五篇:祈使句知识点小结
祈使句知识点小结
祈使句常用来表示请求、命令、建议等。祈使句的谓语动词一律用原形,句子中通常省略主语,句末用惊叹号或者句号,读降调。祈使句的谓语动词都为一般现在时。
一、祈使句的形式
【肯定结构】
1.Do型,即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分。例如:
Sit down,please.请坐。
Stop!停下来!
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way,please.相当于Go this way,please.2.Be 型,即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+ 其它成分。例如 :
Be patient!耐心点!
Be a good student.成为一名好学生。
3.Let 型,即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分。例如:
Let’s sing a song.让我们一起唱首歌吧。
Let Susan teach Jack English.让苏珊教杰克学习英语。
【否定结构】
1.Do 型和 Be 型的否定式都是在句首加 Don’t 构成。例如:
Don’t open the window it is cold.天太冷了不要开窗。
Don’t be a bad boy!
不要成为一个坏孩子!
2.Let 型的否定式有两种 : “ Don’t + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“ Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。例如:
Don’t let anyone help you!
不要让任何人来帮你!
Let the thief not run away.别让小偷逃跑了。
3.我们常看到以no开头的祈使句,常见于表示禁止性的标语。例如:
No smoking!禁止吸烟!
No parking!禁止停车!
二、祈使句的反意疑问句
1.若陈述部分为肯定式,反意疑问部分通常用will you,won’t you,would you等。例如:
Go shopping today,will you?
今天去购物,好吗?
Come to my home and have a dinner with me,won’t you?
来我家和我共进晚餐,好吗?
2.若陈述部分为否定式,则反意疑问部分只用will you。例如:
Don’t be late,will you?
不要迟到,好吗?
Don’t swim in the river,will you?
不要在河里游泳,可以吗?
3.Let 开头的祈使句,构成反意疑问句时,除以 Let’s开头的用 shall we 构成反意疑问外,其它均用 will you。例如:
Let your sister go first,will you?
让你妹妹先走,好吗?
Let’s go to the party,shall we?
我们一起去参加聚会,好吗?
4.有时祈使句带有自己的主语,此时不要将其误认为是陈述句,而使用don’t you表示反意疑问。例如:
Lily,you go there to help him,will you?
莉莉,你去那儿帮他,好吗?
You girls stand in the front row,will you?
你们女孩子站在前排,好吗?