浙江省2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习学案：第27讲 记叙文

第一篇：浙江省2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习学案：第27讲 记叙文

第 27 讲

记叙文

记叙文(narrative essays)是以叙述人物的经历或事物的发展变化过程为主的一种文体。它分为记人和记事两种，通常以看图作文或文字提示的形式出现。记叙文的几个要点为：

1.时间、地点、人物、事件、高潮、结局这几个要素在写作时要交代清楚。

2.人称：记叙文一般可以有第一人称和第三人称两种叙事方式：第一人称是作者以当事人的口吻，把文章中的事情以“我”的所见所闻的方式来叙述，第三人称是写作者从旁观者的角度来叙述，反映事件中的不同人的感受和见解。

3.记叙文的线索一般为时间，即按照事件的发展顺序来写。也可以按照地点的线索来写，即以地点的转移为顺序。

4.重点突出，层次分明，详略得当。

5.注意文章的完整性。

6.所用的时态通常为一般过去时。

(2011江苏卷)下面这幅照片展现了女儿为回家的妈妈拿包的情景。请根据你对这幅照片的理解用英语写一篇短文。

你的短文应包含以下内容：

1.描述照片内容，如情景、人物、动作，等等；

2.结合自身实际，谈谈你的感想；

3.举例说明你能为家长减负做些什么。

注意：

1.可参照图中文字及下面文章开头所给提示，作必要的发挥想象。

2.词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。

3.作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。

The burden of students has been a hot topic for years，but the load of parents has received little attention, especially from their own children._______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ One possible version：

The burden of students has been a hot topic for years, but the load of parents has received little attention, especially from their own children.The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her working mom.Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day's work, the girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder.In response, the mom kneels down to show how happy and thankful she feels.All this reminds me of my mother who has been doing whatever she could to let me have the best.But, totally engaged in my own study, I seldom pay attention to what mother needs and feels, and always think studying well is the only thing I could do in return.Now I know I can do my bit to help with the everything washing, bedroom cleaning, or at least prepare breakfast myself, so as to share mother's daily burden.The picture convinces me it is even more important to be a good daughter than a “good” student.本文属于看图写作题。文章使用第一人称，时态应该采用一般现在时。

内容要点：①描述图画内容。女儿帮下班回家的妈妈拿包，而妈妈则蹲下来表示对女儿的感谢与欣慰。②图画使你想到了什么？你的父母是不是尽其所能地为你做一切事情而你对父母的付出作何反应？③简单列举一些你为父母减负而做的生活小事。

从文章立意可知：2011年江苏卷的作文和90后的学生特点相联系，社会舆论经常强调要为学生们减负，可是谁为父母们减负呢？这篇写作文章角度很独到新颖，能发人深省，积极引导学生要照顾体谅父母。不仅仅要努力做个好学生，更要做个记得关爱父母的好儿子或好女儿。

看图作文要求学生根据图画所提供信息叙述事情并发表感想。此类作文留给学生的发挥空间较大。看图作文的写作技巧和步骤：1.认真看图，确立主题。2.围绕主题，提炼要点。3.合理想象，补充要点。4.确定时态，译出要点。5.连句成篇，自然过渡。

第二篇：浙江省2016高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解

科普知识阅读理解（1）

科普知识（阅读理解）由(2012山东,D)改编

For those who are tired of doing the laundry,Samsung has found an answer:a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).Strange though it may seem—“my wife already does that”was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show(CES)this week—Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install(安装)a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.Last year,it was a refrigerator that tweeted.This year,it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.The washers and dryers,available starting in the spring,connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application.The phone can then be used as a remote control,so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.Samsung says it’s not just something new—the app connection actually has some practical uses.“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out,you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home,so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.The company also says that with electricity rates(电价)varying depending on the time of day,more control over when the machines are used can help save money.Perhaps,but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do—enable laziness.Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done,users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.1.What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?()A.The machine will be a big success.B.Their wives like doing the laundry.C.The machine is unrelated to their life.D.This kind of technology is familiar to them.2.What can we learn about the new laundry machines?()A.They can tell you when your clothes need washing.B.They can be controlled with a smartphone.C.They are difficult to operate.D.They are sold at a low price.3.We can conclude from Samsung’s statements that

.A.the app connection makes life easier B.it is better to dry clothes in the morning C.smartphones can shorten the drying time D.we should refresh clothes back at home 4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?()A.The laundry should be frequently checked.B.Lazy people like using such machines.C.Good technologies also cause problems.D.Television may help do the laundry.语篇解读:本文属于科普知识类。对于那些讨厌洗衣服的人来说,Samsung为他们找到了解决办法:一种智能洗衣机可以通过灵巧的手机来控制,使得生活更加便利,但是好的技术同样会产生问题。

答案及剖析:1.D 事实细节题。第二段提到,出席产品展销会的人员说“my wife already does that”,这是他们对新型智能洗衣机的普遍反应。由此可知,他们都非常熟悉智能洗衣机的操作流程,故选D。

2.B 事实细节题。根据第一段“...when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).”可得出答案。

3.A 推理判断题。文章第六段提到,如果你早晨甩干的衣服忘记拿出来了,你可以拿出手机重启烘干机,这样你的衣服就焕然一新了。由此可以推断出这种新型洗衣机给生活带来了便利。

4.C 主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“...enable laziness.Rather than...users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.”可知,先进的技术同样会带来问题,故选C。【疑难词汇解读】

from depression often have problems sleeping，getting up on time，and doing work productively.Depression，which researchers agree has its origin in the genes，brings loss of confidence and ability to concentrate—making it impossible for employees and managers to work efficiently.Depression is made more serious in China by Chinese’s inability to face it.Many people believe that depressed people are either weak or lazy.Besides，there is no good treatment，with few specialists available.“Most patients in China just don’t get help，”a Chinese doctor says.“In my hospital，I have to see 30 or 40 patients in a morning，just have time to say ‘Hello，how do you feel？’”

In Western countries，people are not afraid to admit that they have depression，but most do not tell it to their boss，because they fear that they will be stricken_off_the_rolls.“In my experience，aging bosses are the most willing to admit they have it.Because they feel the most secure about themselves，” an American doctor says.Hopefully，in the near future，people around the world will be able to admit that they have depression so that they can get the right treatment.1．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．It is widely believed that everyone may suffer from depression.B．Depression brings great problems to its sufferers in their life and work.C．Depression is a commonly­existing problem only in rich countries.D．The poorer and the less educated a person is，the less he will suffer from depression.2．Compared to normal people，the depressed people are likely to be________.A．very unconfident and often absent­minded B．easy to avoid being hit by heart attacks C．working efficiently and productively D．either weak or lazy 3．Depression becomes more serious in China because of________.A．the understanding of the problem B．the lack of treatment and doctors C．their unwillingness to tell it to their boss D．the doctors’ careless work 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．People are suffering from depression because of the shortage of specialists.5A．Dreaming does harm to one’s mood.B．Dreaming affects the quality of sleep.C．It’s hard to find out the secrets of dreaming.D．It’s not so important to know the cause of dreaming.4．What does the text focus on? A．Dreams and memories.C．The benefits of dreams.B．Dreams and emotions.D．The patterns of dreams.5．In which part of a magazine can this text be found? A．Entertainment.C．Science.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了梦的好处，即可以改善学习和情绪。

1．解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，为了证实梦对学习有帮助，Robert Stickgold做了这次实验，而实验结果表明选手的技能有所提高，根据本段最后一句“Similar tests have shown the same results for all kinds of skills.”可推知，梦对学习各种技能都是有帮助的，故选B。答案： B 2．解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Another important task of dreams...emotions(情绪)．”和最后一句“In fact，dreams have a proven power to improve mood...”可知，梦有助于改善心情，故选C。答案： C 3．解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“There’s probably no single answer to the question why we dream，but there doesn’t have to be.”可知，作者认为关于我们为什么会做梦的解释不止一个，但也没必要非要有一个解释。答案： D 4．解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了梦的好处：有助于改善学习和情绪。答案： C 5．解析： 推理判断题。根据文章主旨可知，文章是关于梦的科学研究方面的知识，所以最可能在杂志的有关科学的栏目里找到此文章，故选C。答案：C。

B．Tourism.D．Advertisement.

第三篇：高考英语二轮专题语法总复习-英语姓名小常识

2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习语法精选讲义

第十部分英语姓名小常识

英语姓名的一般结构为：教名+自取名+姓。如 William Jafferson Clinton。但在很多场合中间名往往略去不写，如 George Bush，而且许 多人更喜欢用昵称取代正式教名，如 Bill Clinton。上述教名和中间名 又称个人名。现将英语民族的个人名、昵称和姓氏介绍如下： I.个人名

按照英语民族的习俗，一般在婴儿接受洗礼的时候，由牧师或父母亲朋为其取名，称为教

名。以后本人可以再取第二个名字，排在教名之后。

英语个人名的来源大致有以下几种情况：

1、采用圣经、希腊罗马神话、古代名人或文学名著中的人名作为教名。

2、采用祖先的籍贯，山川河流，鸟兽鱼虫，花卉树木等的名称作为教名。

3、教名的不同异体。

4、采用（小名）昵称。

5、用构词技术制造新的教名，如倒序，合并。

6、将母亲的娘家姓氏作为中间名。

英语民族常用的男子名有：James, John, David, Daniel, Michael, 常见的女子名为：Jane, Mary, Elizabeth, Ann, Sarah, Catherine.II.昵称

昵称包括爱称、略称和小名，是英语民族亲朋好友间常来表示亲切的称呼，是在教名的基

础上派生出来的。通常有如下情况：

1、保留首音节。如Donald => Don，Timothy => Tim。如果本名以元音 开头，则可派生出以N打头的

昵称，如：Edward => Ned。

2、+ie 或-y 如：Don => Donnie, Tim => Timmy。

3、采用尾音节，如：Anthony => Tony，Beuben => Ben。

4.由一个教名派生出两个昵称，如：Andrew => Andy & Drew。

5、不规则派生法，如：William 的一个昵称是 Bill。

III.姓氏

英国人在很长的一段时间里只有名而没有姓。直到16世纪姓氏的使用才广泛流行开来。

英语姓氏的词源主要有：

1、直接借用教名，如 Clinton。

2、在教名上加上表示血统关系的词缀，如后缀-s,-son,-ing；前缀

M'-, Mc-,Mac-, Fitz-等均

表示某某之子或后代。

3、在教名前附加表示身份的词缀，如 St.-, De-, Du-, La-, Le-。

4、反映地名，地貌或环境特征的，如 Brook, Hill等。

5、反映身份或职业的，如：Carter, Smith。

6、放映个人特征的，如：Black, Longfellow。

7、借用动植物名的，如 Bird, Rice。

8、由双姓合并而来，如 Burne-Jones。

英语姓氏虽然出现较教名晚，但数量要多得多。常用的有：Smith, Miller, Johnson, Brown, Jones, Williams。

word 一词有什么值得注意的？

1.注意该词的单复数．如：

have a word with sb.和．．．说句话

have words with sb.和．．．吵架

in a word

总之

in other words 换句话说

第 1页

共 2页

keep one’s word 遵守诺言

beyond words

无法用言语来形容 2.word 用单数且不用冠词意为：消息，谣言Word came of his success abroad.Word came from Beijing.word用单数并用定冠词或其它限定词意为：命令，嘱咐

The troops got the word to begin moving out.His word is that he has gone back to Tianjin.第 2页

共 2页

第四篇：XX届高考英语第一轮总复习教案（精选）

XX届高考英语第一轮总复习教案

课

件www.xiexiebang.com 高考英语一轮重点复习

module8

Unit1&Unit2

一、重点单词

.happenv.发生

happeningn.事件;偶然发生的事情

归纳:happentodo…碰巧

happentosb.（某人）发生什么事了

ithappenedthat…碰巧

Ifanythinghappenstohim,pleaseletmeknow.万一他有什么不测,请告诉我.IthappenedthatIhadnomoneyon/about/withme.碰巧我身上没带钱.=Ihappenedtohavenomoneyon/about/withme.辨析：happen,occur,takeplace,comeabout

happen一般用语，强调事情发生的偶然性

occur较正式,既可以指自然发生，也可以指有意安排

takeplace指有计划,事先安排的进行的含义

comeabout注重事情发生的原因，常与how连用

考点例题：）whendidtheaccident_____________________?

2）It_____________________tomethathemightagreewiththeidea.3）Theconcertwill_______________________nextSunday.4）Howdidthequarrel________________________?

5）

改

错

：chinahashappened/takenplacegreatchangessince1978._____________________________________________________________

（Greatchangeshavehappened/takenplaceinchinasince1978.）

注意：happen,occur,takeplace和comeabout都是不及物动词,无被动语态

2.populationn.人口

（1）对人口提问用what,不用howmany,howmuch。

这个城市有多少人口？______________is

thepopulationofthecity?

（2）population作主语时用单数，但前有分数，小数，百分数时，谓语动词用复数。

中国人口比美国人口多。

Thepopulationofchina____________largerthan_____________ofAmerica.80%的人口是农民。

80%ofthepopulation_______________farmers.（3）人口的增加或减少用grow（increase）和fall（decrease）;人口的多少用large和small。

Therehasbeenarapidincreaseinpopulationinthecityinthelastfewyears.近几年该城市人口增长很快。

拓展：populationexplosion人口爆炸

alarge/smallpopulation人口多/少

联系记忆：themajorityof后可用单数名词,也可用复数名词,谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致。

Themajorityofpeople___________________peacetowar.Themajorityofthedamage__________________easytorepair.3.suffervi.受痛苦；受损害vt.遭受；忍受

Inthe16thcentury,afterthearrivalofEuropeans,thenativepeoplesufferedgreatly.辨析：suffer与sufferfrom

suffer（vt.）和sufferfrom的区别：suffer指一般的损害、痛

苦

等

等,其

宾

语

为pain,loss,grief,insult,punishment,wrong,hardship,injustice,discouragement,disappointment,setback（挫折），但sufferfrom表示遭受战争，自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意

suffertheresult/heavylosses/injuries承受结果/遭受大损失/负伤

sufferfromheadache/illness/war/theflood遭受头痛/疾病的困扰/战争/洪水

4.followv.跟着，接着，跟踪

Thelittlegirlfollowshermotheraroundallday.这个小姑娘整天跟着她母亲。

（1）followv.沿……而行；顺着

Followtheroaduntilyoucometothehotel.顺着这条路一直走到旅馆。

（2）followv.明白；懂

Ididn’tquitefollowyou,wouldyouexplainitagain?我没太听明白，你能解析一下吗?

（3）followv.听从；服从

Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor

’sadvice,youwouldnotstayinbed.如果你听从了医生的建议的话，今天你就不会躺在床上了.拓展：asfollow如下

followinga.随后的n.下一个

follower

n.追随者

followinone’sfootsteps步某人的后尘，以……为榜样

考点例题：）Thepresidentcameinthehallwithmanyreporters______________.（follow）

2）Thatyoungteacher_______________bystudentsismissZhang.（follow）

5.remain的用法:

remain用作不及物动词，意为“剩下、留下、呆在”，相当于stay。如：

whentheothershadgone,joanremained（=stayed）tocleantheroom.别人走了，琼留下来清扫房间

区别：stay通常指在某地呆一段时间而不离开，或暂时住在某地，尤指宾客逗留，而remain指别人已经走了，而某人仍在原地。

Hestayedatthehotelforthreedays.onlyafewleavesremained（=werestill）onthetree.树上只剩下几片叶子了。

TheSmithsremainedthereallthroughtheyear.史密斯一家人在那里呆了整整一年。

Thesoldierswereorderedtoremainwheretheywere.士兵们接到命令呆在原地。

注意：“呆在那里”可以说remain/staythere，但“呆在家里”只能说stay（at）home.remain作连系动词，意为“一直保持，仍然处于某种状态中”，后可接多种成分作表语。）接名词作表语

Peterbecameamanagerbutjohnremainedaworker.2）接形容词作表语

whatevergreatprogressyouhavemade,youshouldremainmodest.3）接过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态或已经发生的被动动作。如：

Theyneverremainedsatisfiedwiththeirsuccesses.（表主语所处的状态）

Theyremainedlockedintheroom.（已经发生的被动动作）

4）接现在分词作表语，表示正在进行的动作。如:

Theguestscamein,butsheremainedsittingatthedeskreading.（正在进行的主动动作）

Theyremainedlistening.5）接不定式作表语，表示将来的动作。如:

Thisremainstobeproved.这有待证实。（将来被动动作）

考点例题：

Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.A.tosee

B.tobeseen

c.seeing

D.seen

二、重点短语

.Itislikelythat…=Itispossible/probablythat…有可能

However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivingincaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.可能性：likely（主语可以是人/物/it）

possible（可能性较小，主语是it）

probable

（可能性较大，主语是it）

拓展：sb./sth.islikelytodosth.某人/某物有可能做某事

Itislikely/probable/possiblethat...有可能

Itispossibleforsb.todosth....有可能做……

考点例题：Ishe__________________towin?他有可能获胜吗？

It

’s___________,thoughnotprobable,thathewillcometomorrow.他明天可能来，但也不一定准来。

It’s____________________thathewentthere.他很可能去那儿了!

Thiswaymakesit___________________foryoutocatchupwithothers.这种方法使你有可能赶上别人.2.diefromthediseases死于疾病

Inaddition,manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbyEuropeans.dieofcancer/hunger/sorrow/thirst/oldage死于癌症／饥饿／悲痛／干旱／衰老

diefromawound/overwork/anunknowncause死于外伤／过度劳累／不明原因

考点例题：）manyofthem____________starvation.2）Thesoldier_______________awoundinthebreast.A.diedof

B.diedfrom

c.diedto

D.diedwith

3.fightfor

“为事业，自由，真理，权利等而斗争（战斗）”

fightagainst（可用with）theenemy

“为反对……而斗争”；接人和国家名词，意思是“与……战斗”

fightwithsb.也可表示与某人并肩作战

fightawar/battle打一场战争

翻译：他们正为自由而战。

________________________________________________________________________

4.agreat/goodmany

alargenumberof

scoresof

dozensof

修饰

可数

名词

复数

agood/greatdealof

alarge/greatamountof

largeamountsof

修饰

不可

数名

词

alotof=lotsof

plentyof

alarge/greatquantityof=quantitiesof

asupplyof

=suppliesof

可数名词复数/不可数名词

考点例题：）IimagineifonedayIhad___________money,Iwouldgotravelingaroundtheworld.A.alargenumberof

B.agoodmany

c.alargeamountof

D.aplentyof

2）Everyyearwehavetoplant_________treesandflowersalongtheriver.A.agooddealof

B.quantitiesof

c.agoodmanyof

D.numbersof

三.重点句型 Thefactisthattheyarenaturalclonesofeachother.（作表语）

Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.（作同位语）

ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.（作同位语）

However,scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelporharmusandwhereitisleadingus.（作宾语）

拓展：同位语从句theAppositiveclause

（1）同位语从句的定义

在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。它一般

放

在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词how,when,where,whether,what等。

e.g.Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.注意：同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：

ThestorygoesthatwilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.（2）同位语从句的表现形式:

①由that引导

Thefactthatyouhaven

’

that,连接副词tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable.②由whether引导

Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.③由when引导

Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.（3）有时可用namely（即）,thatistosay（也就是说）,inotherwords（换句话说）,thatis（那就是）,forexample等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。

Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.（4）同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆，我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们：

①同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词；定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的weexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitchinaagain.（同位语从句）

Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.（定语从句）

②同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系；

定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。

Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.（同位语从句，news和从句没有逻辑关系）

Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.（定语从句，news是told的逻辑宾语）

考点例题：用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。）Ican’tdecide____________________bookIshouldbuy.2）chinaisnolonger_________________itusedtobe.3）Iamveryinterestedin____________

heimprovedhisEnglishinsuchashorttime.4）_______________weneedismoremoney.5）Thetruth________________theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntous.6）______________and_______________wewillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.【模拟试题】

（一）根据所给汉语完成句子。

.In1089theycametoShenzhenandstartedto_____________________（新生活）.2.Thereare______________________（很多原因）whyshouldn’tdoit.3.It____________________（她突然想到）thatshecouldturntojohnforhelp.4.Thephotoswillshowyou_____________________________（我们村子是个什么样子）.5.wehaven

’tsettledtheproblemsof________________________.（她有没有必要去国外学习）

6.Don

’tputofftilltomorrow_____________________________.（今天能做的事情）7.SincemrZhang______________

（遭受）cancerforseveralyears,hehastobringmedicinetowhereverhegoes.8.Doyouknowwho_____________

（可

能）winthecompetition?

（二）把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。

.TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinchina./weheardthenewslastnight.3.Teenagersshouldn

’tspendtoomuchtimeonline./manychineseparentsholdtheview.4.Timetravelispossible./wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople.（三）完形填空

whenoneasksstudentsthequestion“wholikesgrammar?”,perhapsfewdaretoraisetheirlands.Inmany

thisunderstandableinBritain.yet, ,thestudyofgrammarisoneofthefastestgrowingareasofresearchinuniversitiesallovertheworld.moresoisthefactthatmanystudentswhodonotlikegrammarinschoolchoose

astheirsubjectofstudyintheuniversity.Theratherstrangestateofaffairs

anexplanation.onthewhole,studentsconsiderthestudyofgrammaruninteresting,andgrammaris

taughtinmostBritainmiddleschools.However,language,whichwouldbeimpossiblewithoutgrammar,isanimportantpartofhumansociety.,itisthefoundationonwhichsocietybuildsitself.Anditisourabilitytouselanguagethatmakesitpossibleforustoget

knowourthoughtsandaims，tocommunicate.Alargepartofourabilityevento

0

dependsonlanguage.

（

）1.A.reasons

B.ways

c.subjects

D.ideas

（

）2.A.strangely

B.suddenly

c.completely

D.excitingly

（

）3.A.Ever

B.Even

c.what’s

D.Indeed

（

）4.A.education

B.grammar

c.language

D.anything

（

）5.A.makes

B.asks

c.needs

D.suggests

（

）6.A.poorly

B.carefully

c.successfully

D.attentively

（）7.A.But

B.Infact

c.Asaresult

D.ontheotherhand

（

）8.A.ourselves

B.yourselves

c.others

D.othercountries

（

）9.A.tothepoint

B.toourjoy

c.inpublic

D.inotherwords

（

）10.A.talk

B.think

c.review

D.consider

【试题答案】

（一）1.makeanewlife

2.agreat/goodmanyreasons

3.suddenlyoccurredtoher

4.whatourvillagelookslike

5.whetheritisnecessaryforhertostudyabroad

6.whatyoucandotoday

7.hassufferedfrom

8.islikelyto

（二）1.ThefactthattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.weheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinchina.3.manychineseparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.4.wehavenoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.5.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople.（三）答案及解析

.选Binmanyways在很多方面

2.选Astrangely奇怪地，此处表示“不可思议地”，因为虽然在英国很少有人喜欢语法，但是研究语法却是全世界发展最快的领域之一，真是不可思议。

3.选B根据more可以确定答案。

4.选B本文主题词grammar。

5.选c这种相当奇怪的状况需要一种解释。而makeanexplanation表示“作解释”。

6.选Apoorly不好；很差，与上句的uninteresting相呼应。

7.选B实际上，语言是社会赖以构成的基础asaresult结果ontheotherhand另一方面。

8.选c这是一个强调句

9.选Dinotherwords换句话说，用来解释上句的意思，tocommunicate与letothersknowourthoughtsandaims的意思相似。

0.选B。

课

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第五篇：2010高考二轮复习英语学案——专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气

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SUNIONG2010高考二轮复习英语学案

专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气

【典例精析】

1.（2007 全国卷II，8）_______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.A.If

B.Since

C.Though

D.When 【解析】A 有题干可知，“若不是他伤了腿，约翰就能赢得比赛了”，运用了虚拟语气，故用if。

2.（2008山东卷, 24）Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ____ it without you.A.can manage

B.could have managed C.could manage

D.can have managed 【解析】 B 此题考查情态动词表示虚拟意义的用法。I don’t think…是否定前移。意为：我认为没有你我们本不能做成这件事的。此题关键是要根据句意知道是虚拟语气，其基本形式是情态动词（过去式）+have done,所以其他选项皆可排除。【答案】B

3（09福建）.But for the help of my English teacher, I____the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A.would not win B.would not have won C.would win D.would have won 【答案】B 虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构，故选B。

4.（09湖南）— It’s the office!So you _____ know eating is not allowed here.— Oh, sorry.A.must

B.will

C.may

D.need 【解析】A 句意为：这是办公室！因此你必须知道吃的不允许带到这里。must表示“绝不”的意思。

5.（09海南）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _____ be twelve A.should

B.would

C.will

D.shall 【答案】A。你这是什么意思，只有十张票吗?应该有十二人。should表示“应该，应当”。6.（09上海）It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.全力打造最优秀的学科网站，您的需要就是我们努力的方向！阳光教学资源网 http://www.xiexiebang.com 搜集，仅供学习和研究使用！

A.may

B.can

C.must

D.should 【解析】C 考查情态动词的基本用法。此处表示肯定性较强的猜测，故答案选C。7.（09四川）—I don’t care what people think.—Well, you _______ A.could

B.would

C.should

D.might 【解析】C考查情态动词的用法。答话的人提了一个建议——你应该关注别人对你的评价的。should可以用来向别人提建议，所以答案为：C 8.（09天津）This printer is of good quality.If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A.would

B.should

C.could

D.might 【解析】B 考查虚拟语气中的情态动词用法。表示对将来情况的虚拟假设，条件从句可以用should+v.原形；

9.（09重庆）—Hi, Tom.Any idea where Jane is? —She_____in the classroom.I saw her there just now.A.shall be

B.should have been

C.must be D.might have been 【答案】C 考查情态动词表示猜测的用法。由后面的just now暗示现在一定在教室推知对现在情况的猜测，故答案为C.10.（09全国2）I can’t leave.She told me that I______stay here until she comes back.A.can

B.must

C.will

D.may 【解析】B 考查情态动词的基本用法。由前面的I can’t leave.推知我必须呆在这里，故答案为B。

11.（09江苏）11.He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he____ it differently.A.could express

B.would express C.could have expressed

D.must have expressed 【解析】C 考查情态动词的用法。由前面的后悔表示做过啦，故后面的意思为本能够表达的不同，答案为C符合。

【专题突破】情态动词和虚拟语气密不可分，情态动词表示推测的考查，虚拟语气中对情态动词的考查，这些都是需要注意的地方，要想突破，可以从语境、语义、说话者的语气等方面着手，具体说：

1.根据时间确定时态、时间段

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即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说，若对现在情况进行推测，情态动词后接动词原形或进行式；若对过去情况进行推测，则后接动词的完成式(这通常是高考的重点)；若是对正在发生的情况进行推测，后接动词的进行式；判断出时间段套用现在、过去、将来虚拟语气的句式。2.充分利用句子语境、语义

综观历年高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境、语义中的运用，即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思，就可作出正确选择。3.注意分清适用句型

即要分清所考查的情态动词是用于肯定句型，还是用于疑问句型或否定句型，同时还要注意情态动词在某些特殊情况下所使用的特殊句型。

4.弄清说话者的语义、语气推断属于哪个时间段的情况，正确把握隐含、混合等虚拟语气。5.掌握固定句式，从固定句式着手，套用虚拟语气句型。1.—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.—Thanks.You _________it.I could manage it myself.A.needn’t do

C.mustn’t do

B.needn’t have done

D.shouldn’t have done

【解析】B 句子的语境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必做的”。选A还是B呢？根据前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知，动作已经发生，所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况，故选 needn’t have done。

2.This cake is very sweet.You _________ a lot of sugar in it.A.should put

B.could have put C.might put

D.must have put 【解析】D前文说“蛋糕很甜”，下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用“must+完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。

3.—The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.— Oh, dear!She _________ a lot of difficulties!

A.may go through

B.might go through C.ought to have gone through

D.must have gone through 【解析】D由上文的stayed可知，此题是对过去情况有把握的肯定推测。句意为“那个女生物学家呆在非洲研究野生动物13年才回来。”“天啊！她一定经历了不少苦难！”

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4.Helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.A.shall

B.must

C.may

D.can 【解析】C由于下文说“她还没有把握”，所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测，即“可能会与我们去旅行”。

5.—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.—It _________ Harry’s.He always wears green.A.has to be

B.will be

C.mustn’t be

D.could be 【解析】D 后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”，据此语境可推知，这件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能性。

6.—Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.—Well.He _________have gone far—his coat’s still here.A.shouldn’t

B.mustn’t

C.can’t

D.wouldn’t

分析：答案选C。后文说“他的外套还在这里”，据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”，故选can’t 5.He paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free.A.could

B.would

C.must

D.need

【解析】A could have done的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场，但他买了票”。

6.—Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.—She _________.I’ve already borrowed one.A.can’t

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t

【解析】C 既然“我已经借了一本”，所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。

7.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _________be very slow.A.should B.must

C.will

D.can 【解析】 D在通常情况下，情态动词 can 表示推测时，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句，但有一种特殊情况就是它可以用于肯定句中表理论上的推测或表示“有时”之意，而此题考查的正是can 表示“有时”的用法。

8.Zhang Lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school , otherwise he____________a student of Beijing University.A．would have been

B．should be

C．has been

D．had been

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【解析】A otherwise引起虚拟语气的虚拟语气属于含蓄型的，由句意可以得知是与过去的事实相反，主句用 would have done。

9.---Your sister nearly _______ all her spare time to her study during the three years.----That's right，or she ________ the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.A.devoted;wouldn't have taken

B.spent;wouldn't have taken C.had devoted;hadn't taken

D.had spent;couldn't take

【解析】A devote … to 为固定搭配，因此第一个空应从AC选。Or 翻译成“否则，要不然”，相当于otherwise，引起句子运用虚拟语气，主句用 would have done。10.—Any information about your son? —No.If only I ______ those tough words to him.A．didn't say

B．hadn't said C．shouldn't have said

D．couldn't have said 【解析】B if only 引起的句子要用虚拟语气。与wish跟从句用虚拟的规则一样。与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时态。

11.It is vital that we _____ act out at once to protect the environment.A.would

B.should

C.will

D.can 【解析】B It is vital/important/strange/necessary/natural…that 从句中，从句运用should跟动词原形。

12.John’s pale face suggested that he ______ill, and his parents suggested that he ______a medical examination.A.be, should have

B.was, have

C.should be, had

D.was, has 【解析】B suggest表示“表明，暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气，而表示“建议”时，要用should 跟动词原形的虚拟语气。根据句意可以得知，答案为B 13.But for the leadership of our Party and our Government, we __________ these splendid results.A．have achieved

B．shouldn’t have achieved C．should have achieved

D．would achieve

【解析】B but for 相当于without，可以用if 非真实条件句替换。有句意可知时发生在过去，与过去事实相反。14.--Where have you been?

--I_______in the heavy traffic.Otherwise I______here earlier.全力打造最优秀的学科网站，您的需要就是我们努力的方向！阳光教学资源网 http://www.xiexiebang.com 搜集，仅供学习和研究使用！

A.got stuck;would have come

B.got stuck;was C.have got stuck;would have come

D.had got stuck;would come 【解析】A 由句意得知被交通堵塞困住是发生在过去，第一空用一般过去时，排除CD，第二空为与过去事实相反，故选A 15.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.A.had scored B.scored

C.would score D.would have scored 【解析】D 这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气.【学法导航】考生在复习情态动词和虚拟语气时要注意如下几点：

1.掌握情态动词的基本用法；2.正确辨析相近意义的情态动词；3.把握常用情态动词句式； 4.学生要明确所叙述的内容不可能发生或发生的可能性很小时，要用虚拟语气；

5.把握虚拟语气的常用句式； 6.正确辨析混合时间的虚拟语气，如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。7.注意虚拟语气中的倒装句，如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, 之后

8.分清含蓄条件句，有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过用其他词来代替条件句，常见词有otherwise, or, but for 和if only等

9.掌握在表语从句，同位语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。

10.掌握口语中的虚拟语气和固定句式中的虚拟语气。

【专题综合】1.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.A.breaks

B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 2.But for the help you gave me, I _______ the examinations.A.would have passed B.would pass C.wouldn’t have passed

D.wouldn’t pass 3.I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.A.will show B.would show

C.am going to show D.am showing 4.“It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does._____.”

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A.He’d better give up drinking

B.He shouldn’t have drunk so much C.Health is more important than drink D.I wonder why he is always doing so 5.“Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.” A.do B.are

C.will D.would 6.“He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.” A.will come B.is coming

C.came D.had come 7.All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.A.should be;be operated on

B.were;must be operated on C.was;should be operated

D.was;be operated on 8.______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A.Was he given up B.Had he given up

C.Did he give D.If he gave up 9.“I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.” A.do B.did

C.had D.would 10.“Do you know his address？” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.” A.knew, live B.knew, lives

C.know, lives D.know, lived 11.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldn’t have fallen

B.had not fallen C.should fall

D.were to fall 12.Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.A.would be freezing cold

B.will be freezing coldly C.would be frozen cold

D.can freeze coldly 13.Look at the trouble I am in!If only I _____your dvice.A.followed

B.would follow

C.had followed

D.should follow 14.----Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?----I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to.A.will not be sent;that

B.not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what

D.should not send;what 15.If I____plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.全力打造最优秀的学科网站，您的需要就是我们努力的方向！阳光教学资源网 http://www.xiexiebang.com 搜集，仅供学习和研究使用！

A．would

B．could

C．had to

D．ought to

16.____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you be

B.Should you be

C.Could you be D.Might you be 17.If it were not for the fact that she_______sing, I would invite her to the party.A.couldn’t

B.shouldn’t

C.can’t

D.might not 18.After hours of repair, the driver tried to start the machine but it __________ work.A.won’t

B.shouldn’t

C.wouldn’t

D.couldn’t 19.You ________ pay too much attention to your assignment, for it is that important.A.must

B.needn’t

C.cannot

D.need

20.He _________ another career, but at the time, he didn’t have enough money to attend graduate school.A.might choose

B.might have chosen

C.had to choose D.must have chosen

参考答案和解析

1.【解析】C as if 引导的句子，有时用虚拟语气，有时不用。原则上说，若指事实或可能为事实，不用虚拟语气；若指现在，从句谓语动词用一般过去时（be 用 were）；若指过去用过去完成时，若指将来用过去将来时或用 were to do sth.2.【解析】C but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出与事实相反的假设，通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示与过去事实相反，故选C.3.【解析】B根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。4.【解析】D关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D.5.【解析】D 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D.6.【解析】C 按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。

7.【解析】D insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。

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8.【解析】B是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。

9.【解析】B It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。

10.【解析】B第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气（即用过去式表示现在的想法）；第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。

11.【解析】B 此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。12.【解析】A without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。

13.【解析】C if only 意为“,但愿，要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，用以表达愿望或非真实条件，同时根据 句意可以得知从句是与过去事实相反

14.【解析】B本题考查虚拟语气和表语从句。在It is necessary that…句型中，从句中常常用虚拟语气，其形式为“should+动词原型”，should也可以省略。第二空考查了表语从句。That没有实际的意义，只起一个连接的作用。

15.【解析】B考查虚拟语气。从主句的谓语动词及句意推测应选B。其他选项不符合题意。16.【解析】 B 本题考查了虚拟语气的倒装。如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should之后。

17.【解析】C虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气，但the fact不是与事实相反，而是现在的真实情况，故不用虚拟语气。

18.【解析】C,表示机器什么的不能工作了。是一种关于性能方面的，很固定的用法。19.【解析】C can not too...to 是词组，意思是就算怎么样也不过分。

20.【解析】B可是根据句子的意思。must have chosen 是本来肯定会------，故答案为B。

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